A high-performance dialyzer

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency dialyzer, wherein the two ends of a hollow fiber membrane bundle are respectively connected to two sealing glues; blood flows into the hollow fiber membrane bundle through a blood inlet and flows out from a blood outlet, dialysate enters the outside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle from the dialysate inlet and is discharged from the dialysate outlet, and blood exchanges substances with the dialysate when passing through the hollow fiber membrane bundle; the hollow fiber membrane bundle of the present invention comprises hollow fiber membrane bundles made of at least two different materials, the materials of the same hollow fiber membrane bundle are the same, and hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials realize substance exchange through different mechanisms, and different hollow fiber membrane bundles are separated by an intermediate partition plate, so that each hollow fiber membrane bundle is kept in a relatively independent space, so that it maintains a uniform substance exchange effect; the present invention utilizes hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials, combines the advantages of different mechanisms in a single dialysis process, and thus improves the efficiency of dialysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of medical devices, and further to a high-efficiency dialyzer. Background Art

[0002] Hemodialysis is an important treatment for end-stage renal disease. The blood of hemodialysis patients is drawn out of the body through the power system of the hemodialysis equipment. The blood drawn out of the body flows in the hemodialysis pipeline and the dialyzer to form an extracorporeal closed-circuit system. The blood flows inside the hollow fiber membrane filaments of the dialyzer, and the dialysate flows outside the hollow fiber membrane filaments of the dialyzer. The flow directions of the blood and the dialysate are in the opposite direction, which is more conducive to the exchange of substances between the blood and the dialysate. Since there are countless nano-scale micropores on the side walls of the hollow fiber membrane filaments, excess water and toxins in the body of the hemodialysis patient can be discharged from the body through the micropores. At the same time, the substances in the dialysate can enter the blood to maintain the acid-base balance in the body, thereby achieving the purpose of treatment.

[0003] Currently, most hollow fiber dialyzers on the market use a single membrane material, such as polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cellulose triacetate and other materials. A single membrane material can often only exert limited dialysis efficiency, such as diffusion, convection or adsorption, but cannot combine multiple clearance mechanisms well to exert their effects, resulting in low dialysis efficiency, poor therapeutic effect of a single dialysis, and is not conducive to the recovery of dialysis patients.

[0004] For technicians in this field, how to improve the efficiency of dialyzers is a technical problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a high-performance dialyzer, which combines hollow fiber membrane bundles of different materials to realize more than two dialysis mechanisms, thereby improving the efficiency of dialysis. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0006] A high-performance dialyzer comprises an outer shell and end caps, wherein two ends of the outer shell are respectively provided with sealing glue, and two ends of a hollow fiber membrane bundle are respectively connected to the two sealing glues; a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet are respectively provided on the side wall of the outer shell, and a blood inlet and a blood outlet are respectively provided on the two end caps;

[0007] The hollow fiber membrane bundle comprises at least two hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials, and different hollow fiber membrane bundles are separated by an intermediate partition plate.

[0008] Optionally, full-circle baffles for evenly distributing the dialysate are respectively provided near the two ends of the outer shell;

[0009] The hollow fiber membrane bundle passes through the full-circumference baffle.

[0010] Optionally, the middle partition plate is located between two of the full-circumferential baffles.

[0011] Optionally, hollowed-out gaps are respectively provided at both ends of the middle partition plate.

[0012] Optionally, the notches at both ends of the middle partition plate are arc-shaped.

[0013] Optionally, the middle partition plate is a flat plate, separating the two hollow fiber membrane bundles; the number of hollow fiber membrane filaments in each hollow fiber membrane bundle is equal.

[0014] Optionally, the center angle of the circular arc notch at both ends of the partition plate is 120 degrees, and the tangent angle between the two end points of the circular arc notch is 45 degrees.

[0015] Optionally, the middle partition plate is provided with holes of uniform size.

[0016] Optionally, the middle partition plate is made of a polypropylene plate and is integrally formed with the outer shell.

[0017] Optionally, the material of the hollow fiber membrane bundle contains at least polysulfone, polyethersulfone and cellulose triacetate.

[0018] The present invention provides a high-efficiency dialyzer, wherein sealing glue is respectively arranged at both ends of an outer shell, and both ends of a hollow fiber membrane bundle are respectively connected to two sealing glues; blood flows into the hollow fiber membrane bundle through a blood inlet and flows out from a blood outlet, dialysate enters the outside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle from the dialysate inlet and is discharged from the dialysate outlet, and blood exchanges substances with the dialysate when passing through the hollow fiber membrane bundle; the hollow fiber membrane bundle of the present invention comprises hollow fiber membrane bundles made of at least two different materials, the materials of the same hollow fiber membrane bundle are the same, and hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials realize substance exchange through different mechanisms, and different hollow fiber membrane bundles are separated by an intermediate partition plate, so that each hollow fiber membrane bundle is kept in a relatively independent space, so that it maintains a uniform substance exchange effect; the present invention utilizes hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials, combines the advantages of different mechanisms in a single dialysis process, and thus improves the efficiency of dialysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency dialyzer provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a front view of a high-performance dialyzer of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the middle partition plate;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the high-efficiency dialyzer of the present invention.

[0024] The figure includes:

[0025] Outer shell 1, dialysate inlet 11, dialysate outlet 12, end cover 2, blood inlet 21, blood outlet 22, sealing glue 3, hollow fiber membrane bundle 4, middle partition plate 5, full-circumferential baffle 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The core of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency dialyzer, which combines hollow fiber membrane bundles of different materials to realize more than two dialysis mechanisms, thereby improving the efficiency of dialysis.

[0027] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the high-efficiency dialyzer of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0028] like Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency dialyzer provided by the present invention; the high-efficiency dialyzer of the present invention comprises an outer shell 1, end caps 2, sealing glue 3, hollow fiber membrane bundle 4, and an intermediate partition plate 5. Two end caps 2 are respectively installed at both ends of the outer shell 1, and the end caps 2 and the outer shell 1 are usually connected by threads. A sealing ring is arranged between the end caps 2 and the outer shell 1 to maintain the sealing effect of the two. After the two are assembled, a sealed cavity is formed.

[0029] Sealing glue 3 is respectively arranged at both ends of the outer shell 1, and both ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 are respectively connected to the two sealing glues 3, so that the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 forms a tube bundle through the two sealing glues 3. The hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 is formed by a large number of hollow fiber membrane tubes, which vary from several thousand to tens of thousands according to the different areas of the dialyzer membrane.

[0030] The side walls of the outer shell 1 are provided with a dialysate inlet 11 and a dialysate outlet 12, respectively, and the two end caps 2 are provided with a blood inlet 21 and a blood outlet 22, respectively; the dialysate enters the outer shell 1 through the dialysate inlet 11, contacts the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4, and is discharged from the dialysate outlet 12. The blood enters from the blood inlet 21, flows through the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4, and is discharged from the blood outlet 22. There are countless nano-scale micropores on the side walls of the hollow fiber membrane capillaries constituting the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4, and the water and toxins in the blood can be discharged through the micropores to exchange substances with the dialysate.

[0031] The hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 includes at least two hollow fiber membrane bundles of different materials, and different hollow fiber membrane bundles are separated by an intermediate partition plate 5. Two or more hollow fiber membrane bundles together form a hollow fiber membrane bundle 4, and each hollow fiber membrane bundle is composed of hollow fiber membrane tubes of the same material; hollow fiber membrane bundles of different materials use different mechanisms to achieve the effect of dialysis to remove toxins.

[0032] Since different materials use different mechanisms, in order to avoid mutual interference and ensure that each hollow fiber membrane tube can achieve the effect of material exchange, the present invention separates and isolates different hollow fiber membranes and uses the middle partition plate 5 as a partition structure.

[0033] The length direction of the middle partition plate 5 is the same as that of the outer shell 1. The inner cavity of the outer shell 1 is separated by the middle partition plate 5. The small spaces after separation are not completely without communication. The dialysate can communicate between different small spaces. A bundle of hollow fiber membranes of the same material is set in each separated small space.

[0034] The high-efficiency dialyzer of the present invention utilizes hollow fiber membrane bundles 4 made of different materials. When blood flows through the hollow fiber membrane tubes made of different materials, different mechanisms are used to complete dialysis, and the advantages of different mechanisms are combined in one dialysis process, thereby improving the efficiency of dialysis.

[0035] On the basis of the above scheme, the outer shell 1 of the present invention is provided with full-circumferential baffles 6 for evenly distributing the dialysate near the two ends, and the full-circumferential baffles 6 are located between the two sealing glues 3; the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 passes through the full-circumferential baffles 6, and small through holes are arranged on the full-circumferential baffles 6. The dialysate passes through the full-circumferential baffles 6, so that the dialysate flows evenly to various positions of the cross section of the outer shell 1, ensuring that each hollow fiber membrane tube can perform the dialysis function.

[0036] Combination Figure 2 , which is a front view of the high-efficiency dialyzer of the present invention; the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 is removed in this figure; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the high-efficiency dialyzer of the present invention. The middle partition plate 5 is located between the two full-circumferential baffles 6. The length of the middle partition plate 5 is less than the distance between the two full-circumferential baffles 6. The dialysate inlet 11 and the dialysate outlet 12 correspond to the two full-circumferential baffles 6 respectively. The middle partition plate 5 is located between the dialysate inlet 11 and the dialysate outlet 12.

[0037] Hollow gaps are respectively provided at both ends of the middle partition plate 5. When the dialysate reaches the end of the middle partition plate 5 after passing through the full-circumferential baffle plate 6, the dialysate is not isolated at the location of the gap, and the dialysate continues to flow and is isolated when it reaches the solid part of the middle partition plate 5. The gap design at both ends of the middle partition plate 5 can ensure that the dialysate flows better through each hollow fiber membrane.

[0038] Preferably, the notches at both ends of the middle partition plate 5 in the present invention are arc-shaped.

[0039] like Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate partition plate 5; in this embodiment, the intermediate partition plate 5 is a flat plate that separates two hollow fiber membrane bundles. If there are three or more hollow fiber membrane bundles, the intermediate partition plate 5 adopts a three-dimensional structure with a central symmetry taking the central axis as the axis of symmetry.

[0040] The number of hollow fiber membrane filaments in each hollow fiber membrane bundle is equal, so that the amount of blood flowing through each hollow fiber membrane bundle is roughly the same.

[0041] In this embodiment, the center angle of the arc notch at both ends of the partition plate 5 is 120 degrees, and the included angle of the tangent lines at the two end points of the arc notch is 45 degrees.

[0042] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the middle partition plate 5 of the present invention is provided with holes of uniform size, and the dialysate communicates with each other through the holes provided in the middle partition plate 5 .

[0043] The middle partition plate 5 is made of a polypropylene (PP) plate, and the material of the middle partition plate 5 is the same as that of the outer shell 1 ; the middle partition plate 5 and the outer shell 1 are integrally formed and can be manufactured using 3D printing technology.

[0044] The material of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 4 includes at least polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and cellulose triacetate, that is, two materials are selected from different materials. Different materials have different dialysis mechanisms. The diffusion and convection of polysulfone membrane material and the adsorption of polymethyl methacrylate are utilized, and different mechanisms are combined to achieve dialysis more efficiently.

[0045] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-performance dialyzer, comprising an outer shell (1), an end cover (2), It is characterized in that Sealing glue (3) is respectively arranged at both ends of the outer shell (1), and both ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundle (4) are respectively connected to the two sealing glues (3); the side wall of the outer shell (1) is respectively arranged with a dialysate inlet (11) and a dialysate outlet (12), and the two end covers (2) are respectively arranged with a blood inlet (21) and a blood outlet (22); The hollow fiber membrane bundle (4) includes at least two hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials, and the different hollow fiber membrane bundles are separated by an intermediate partition plate (5); each hollow fiber membrane bundle is composed of hollow fiber membrane tubes made of the same material, and the hollow fiber membrane bundles made of different materials use different mechanisms to dialyze and remove toxins, combining the advantages of different mechanisms in one dialysis process; the hollow fiber membrane bundle (4) on one side of the intermediate partition plate (5) uses the principle of diffusion and convection, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle (4) on the other side uses the principle of adsorption; Hollowed-out gaps are respectively provided at both ends of the middle partition plate (5).

2. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Full-circle baffles (6) for evenly distributing the dialysate are respectively arranged near the two ends of the outer shell (1); The hollow fiber membrane bundle (4) passes through the full-circumferential baffle (6).

3. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The middle partition plate (5) is located between the two full-circumferential baffles (6).

4. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The notches at both ends of the middle partition plate (5) are arc-shaped.

5. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The middle partition plate (5) is a flat plate, which separates the two hollow fiber membrane bundles; the number of hollow fiber membrane filaments in each hollow fiber membrane bundle is equal.

6. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The center angle of the circular arc notches at both ends of the partition plate (5) is 120 degrees, and the tangent angle between the two end points of the circular arc notch is 45 degrees.

7. The high-performance dialyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that The middle partition plate (5) is provided with holes of uniform size distributed thereon.

8. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The middle partition plate (5) is made of a polypropylene plate and is integrally formed with the outer shell (1).

9. The high-performance dialyzer according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The material of the hollow fiber membrane bundle (4) at least includes polysulfone, polyethersulfone and triacetyl cellulose.

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