An energy dissipation and pressure relief anchor backing plate

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy-dissipating and pressure-relieving anchor backing plate, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical engineering reinforcement devices. The anchor backing plate device includes: an upper backing plate, a lower backing plate, and high-strength shear bolts. Both the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are provided with vertical shear structures and bolt holes, and multiple rows of high-strength bolts can be assembled. This device has a simple structure and can be used in cooperation with conventional anchor bolts and anchor cables. The present invention can solve the problem of fracture of anchor cables (anchor bolts) caused by large deformations and has good applicability in areas such as earthquakes and rock bursts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rock and soil reinforcement devices, in particular to a dissipation and yielding anchor pad suitable for high ground stress lanes, tunnels in strong earthquake zones and slope support. Background Art

[0002] Anchor cables (anchor rods) are an important branch of geotechnical engineering. They can give full play to the strength of the rock and soil and effectively control the deformation of the rock and soil. Anchor cables transfer surface loads to stable bedrock through friction at the anchoring interface. Anchor cables are widely used in the coal and transportation fields, and their failure mode is mainly fracture caused by large deformation of the rock mass. How to avoid or reduce the fracture of anchor structures in high ground stress and strong earthquake areas is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] After continuous updates, there are currently a variety of pressure-relieving anchor rods, anchor cables and anchor pads suitable for large deformation. For example, CN108071410A sets a wedge-shaped resistance-increasing block at the end of the anchor rod, CNI09184765A adds a hydraulic cylinder column and piston in the anchor hole, CN208702439U uses steel support expansion pipes and steel strands to connect two sections of anchor rods to achieve flexible pressure relief, and CA111456779A deforms and releases pressure through energy absorption boxes and filling tree branch materials. CN213540446U proposes to add a spring to the anchor pad. The above devices are all improved and innovated from different angles, but there are the following shortcomings: First, the cost of the device is too high. The demand for support structures in engineering is huge, and cost is one of the main factors affecting the reinforcement plan. Second, the specifications are limited and are not suitable for large-scale production. The specifications required for different projects or different parts of the same project are also different. This leads to the need for some buffer structures to be prefabricated for specific projects. Third, the structure is complex and inconvenient to use. The cultural level of grassroots practitioners in the geotechnical industry is generally low, and the complex structure also limits its promotion and use.

[0004] Based on the above shortcomings, a buffer device with strong applicability, mass production, simple use and low price is needed to avoid damage to the anchor rod (anchor cable) and reduce the safety hazards of the project. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention designs a dissipation and pressure relief anchor plate. The anchor plate achieves energy dissipation and pressure relief of the anchor rod or anchor cable by gradually shearing the high-strength bolts. Before the shear strength is reached, the high-strength bolts provide support for the plate to maintain a fixed vertical spacing. After the pressure reaches the critical strength, the high-strength shear bolts are sheared off, and the anchor plate achieves vertical compression to reduce the tensile deformation of the anchor cable or anchor rod. The device has a simple structure and is easy to install on site, and can be used in combination with conventional anchor cables and anchor rods. In addition, the structure has strong adaptability, and different pressure relief loads can be achieved by adjusting the number and strength of high-strength bolts, which makes large-scale production possible.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] The energy dissipation and pressure relief anchor pad of the present invention is characterized by comprising an upper pad, a lower pad, high-strength shear bolts and nuts.

[0008] The center of the upper pad and the lower pad are both provided with openings for accommodating the passage of anchor cables (anchor rods). At the same time, a vertical reinforcing steel plate is arranged around the opening.

[0009] The upper pad is provided with a square shear steel plate in the vertical direction. Two square shear steel plates are provided on the vertical lower pad. The three shear plates can form meshing, and the shear steel plates of the lower pad are located on both sides.

[0010] The shear steel plate of the bottom pad has multiple rows of shear bolt holes in the vertical direction. The bolt holes in the same height section are arranged symmetrically.

[0011] Shear bolts are made of high-strength material and have threads at the end of the bolt shank that can be locked with a nut.

[0012] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The present invention can effectively solve the problem of anchor cable breakage caused by large deformation by providing a pressure-dissipating anchor pad. The pressure-dissipating anchor pad has adjustable pressure strength, simple structure and low manufacturing cost. At the same time, it is easy to construct and is convenient for large-scale promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is the overall elevation view of the device.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the entire device.

[0016] Figure 3 This is the plan view of the upper pad.

[0017] Figure 4 This is the elevation view of the upper pad.

[0018] Figure 5 This is the plan view of the bottom plate.

[0019] Figure 6 This is the elevation view of the bottom plate.

[0020] Figure 7 This is the plan view of the high-strength shear bolt.

[0021] Explanation of the component numbers in the accompanying drawings:

[0022] 100. Upper pad, 101. Shear plate, 102. Upper pad opening reinforcement steel plate, 200. Lower pad, 201. Shear plate, 202. Lower pad opening reinforcement steel plate, 203. Bolt hole, 300. High-strength shear bolt, 301. Nut, 302. Thread. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1-7 As shown, an energy dissipation and pressure relief anchor pad device includes an upper pad 100, a lower pad 200 and high-strength bolts 300.

[0025] The upper anchor plate 100 is welded with a vertical square shear plate 101. The lower anchor plate is welded with two circular shear plates 102. The structure is made of high-strength and small-deformation steel plates.

[0026] The return shear plate 201 of the bottom pad is also surrounded by multiple vertical rows of bolt holes 203 with symmetrical horizontal cross-sections for fixing high-strength shear bolts 300 .

[0027] The high-strength bolt 300 has only a thread 302 at the bottom, and the nut 301 is used to prevent the high-strength shear bolt 300 from falling off.

[0028] A reinforcing steel plate is provided at the central opening, and the upper pad opening reinforcing steel plate 102 and the lower pad opening reinforcing steel plate 202. Its function is to avoid deformation of the opening caused by tension.

[0029] Directions:

[0030] When in use, the contact surface between the pad 200 and the rock and soil body must first be leveled so that the pad can remain stable.

[0031] The high-strength shear bolts 300 are symmetrically inserted into the bolt holes 203 of the lower pad and tightened with nuts 302 to prevent them from falling off.

[0032] The anchor cables are passed through the central openings of the lower pad 200 and the upper pad 100 in turn, the return shear plate 101 and the shear plate 201 between the upper and lower pads are meshed, and the high-strength shear bolts 300 support the upper shear plate 101.

[0033] Apply pre-tightening force to the anchor cable and lock it with the anchor head. This is the same as the conventional anchor cable construction operation. After completion, waterproof foam and rubber materials can be filled to prevent rainwater corrosion.

[0034] The load of the anchor cable or anchor rod acts directly on the upper pad 100. Initially, all loads are borne by the uppermost row of high-strength shear bolts 300. At this time, the vertical height of the anchor pad remains unchanged. When the tension of the anchor cable or anchor rod reaches the critical strength, the first row of high-strength shear bolts 300 are sheared off. The upper anchor pad 100 moves downward, the vertical height decreases, and the tensile deformation of the anchor cable also decreases accordingly, thereby achieving the effect of yielding pressure to prevent fracture. When the critical strength is reached again, the second row of high-strength shear bolts 300 are also sheared off, and the anchor cable force drops again. Similarly, multiple rows of high-strength shear bolts 300 can play a role in graded yielding pressure. After all high-strength shear bolts 300 are broken, the shear plate 101 and the shear plate 201 will be fully engaged and no longer move, exerting the maximum material strength.

Claims

1. A damping and pressure-reducing anchor backing plate, characterized in that, it includes an upper backing plate, a lower backing plate, high-strength shear bolts and nuts; openings for accommodating the cable anchor or rock bolt to pass through are provided at the centers of the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate; at the same time, a vertical reinforcing steel plate is arranged along the periphery of the opening; a square shear plate is arranged vertically on the upper backing plate; two square shear bearing plates are arranged perpendicular to the lower backing plate; the square shear plate and the two square shear bearing plates form an engagement, and the lower backing plate shear bearing plates are located on both sides of the shear plate; the shear bearing plates of the lower backing plate are provided with multiple rows of shear bolt holes vertically; the bolt holes in the same height section are symmetrically arranged; the high-strength shear bolts are made of high-strength materials, the ends of the bolt rods have threads and are locked with nuts; reinforcing steel plates are provided at the central openings, namely the upper backing plate opening reinforcing steel plate and the lower backing plate opening reinforcing steel plate; their function is to avoid the opening deformation caused by tensioning; when in use, first level the contact surface between the backing plate and the rock and soil mass to keep the backing plate stable; symmetrically insert the high-strength shear bolts into the bolt holes of the lower backing plate and tighten them with nuts to prevent them from falling off; successively pass the cable anchor through the central openings of the lower backing plate and the upper backing plate, and the square shear plate and the two square shear bearing plates between the upper and lower backing plates form an engagement to form a loop, and the high-strength shear bolts support the upper shear plate; apply a pre-tightening force to the cable anchor and lock it with an anchor head; after completion, fill it with waterproof foam and rubber materials to prevent rainwater corrosion; the load of the cable anchor or rock bolt directly acts on the upper backing plate; initially, all the loads are borne by the top row of high-strength shear bolts; at this time, the vertical height of the anchor backing plate remains unchanged; when the tension of the cable anchor or rock bolt reaches the critical strength, the first row of high-strength shear bolts is cut off; the upper anchor backing plate moves downward and the vertical height decreases, and the tensile deformation of the cable anchor or rock bolt also decreases accordingly, so as to achieve the effect of pressure relief and anti-fracture; when the critical strength is reached again, the second row of high-strength shear bolts is also cut off, and the cable anchor force or rock bolt force drops again; and so on, multiple rows of high-strength shear bolts play a role in grading pressure relief; after all the high-strength shear bolts are broken, the shear plate and the shear bearing plate will be completely engaged and will no longer move, giving full play to the maximum material strength.

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