Water storage chamber and water quantity metering method thereof, fuel cell anode system and vehicle

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a water storage cavity and a water metering method thereof, a fuel cell anode system and a vehicle. The water storage cavity is formed by connecting a top water storage cavity and a bottom water storage cavity through a conical transition cavity. The top water storage cavity is connected to an anode connection port of a fuel cell stack and a mixed gas outlet through a connecting water cavity. A drain port is provided on the bottom water storage cavity and is connected to an electrically controlled drain valve. A liquid level sensor is provided throughout the water storage cavity. By using an optimized water storage cavity structure in conjunction with the liquid level sensor, it is possible to measure the storage volume characteristics and transient changes of the liquid level height, estimate the system inclination angle range, and directly obtain the anode liquid storage rate of the fuel cell system based on the measurement, thereby providing direct parameters for the water balance of the fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a water storage cavity and a water quantity metering method thereof, a fuel cell anode system and a fuel cell vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The water and heat management of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is one of the key factors affecting the operation of the fuel cell system. On the one hand, the product of the hydrogen and oxygen electrochemical reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is water, which needs to be discharged in time; on the other hand, the proton exchange membrane, as the core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, can only effectively transmit protons in a certain hydration state, which requires the fuel cell system to provide a suitable temperature and humidity environment.

[0003] The anode of the fuel cell is often equipped with a hydrogen reflux system, that is, the hydrogen mixture exiting the anode of the fuel cell is driven by a hydrogen circulation pump (or ejector) to flow back to the hydrogen inlet pipeline, mixed with the newly supplied hydrogen, and then enters the stack. In order to remove the liquid water droplets contained in the mixture exiting the stack on the hydrogen side of the fuel cell, the hydrogen outlet of the stack is equipped with a gas-liquid separation structure or device, which is also called a "water separator". One branch of the gaseous mixture separated by the water separator enters the hydrogen circulation pump (or ejector) and the other branch is connected to the exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is opened intermittently, mainly used to dilute the nitrogen accumulation in the fuel cell system.

[0004] Liquid water is collected in the water storage chamber due to gravity. An electrically controlled drain valve is provided at the bottom of the water storage chamber. The valve is controlled by the fuel cell system controller to drain water intermittently.

[0005] As fuel cell technology is gradually transformed into products, there is an urgent need for fuel cell system drainage metering and control, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0006] Need for precise drainage control:

[0007] If the drain valve is opened for too short a time and the drainage is insufficient, the water level in the water storage chamber will be too high, which will affect the gas-liquid separation efficiency of the water separator on the one hand, and the liquid water in the liquid storage chamber will flood the anode outlet of the fuel cell system on the other hand, causing the system to not work properly. If the drain valve is opened for too long, the drain valve remains open after draining the water, and the high-pressure gas in the hydrogen chamber will be discharged through the drain valve. This situation will not only cause a waste of hydrogen, but also cause the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas to exceed the standard.

[0008] Fuel cell system water balance control requirements:

[0009] The water balance of a fuel cell system includes the following main aspects: system water production, cathode inlet water volume, cathode outlet water volume, anode water volume, etc. Because the anode water volume is difficult to measure directly, the anode water volume has always been regarded as an unknown quantity in the prior art, and the anode water volume is inferred through the water balance of the entire fuel cell system. The water balance process of a fuel cell system is coupled with factors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity. At the same time, the water transfer coefficient of the proton exchange membrane at the cathode and anode is highly coupled with humidity. The accuracy of the anode water volume obtained by the indirect method is difficult to guarantee, which limits the water balance control of the fuel cell system.

[0010] The measurement of the water discharge of a fuel cell system is difficult to implement:

[0011] The amount of water in a fuel cell system is transferred between the positive and negative poles of the fuel cell system; and the water in the fuel cell system exists in the form of gas and liquid, and is transformed between the gas and liquid phases under the influence of temperature, pressure and other parameters. In a fuel cell system, it is difficult to implement direct flow meter measurement.

[0012] Automotive fuel cell systems are used in a variety of mounting orientations and on a variety of road conditions. Usually, the liquid level of a vehicle changes greatly at different tilt angles, which limits its implementation via volumetric metering methods.

[0013] In the prior art, patent CN102569848A provides a controller for relative humidity and condensed water of a fuel cell, and a method for controlling the discharge of condensed water using the controller. Patent CN105609839B provides a drainage device for a fuel cell, a fuel cell system and a control method thereof. The above patents mainly start with the water balance of the system, estimate condensed water through system parameters (such as air side humidity, hydrogen side humidity, water content, working conditions and other parameters), and control the discharge of condensed water.

[0014] Patent CN111180766A is used for a condensate discharge control system and control method for a fuel cell, which opens a drain valve based on an estimated amount of chemical reaction, and controls the drain valve to close based on the state of fuel supply to the fuel cell stack through a fuel supply line when the drain valve is open.

[0015] Patent CN105633433B, a method for draining water in a mobile body and a fuel cell system. The method adds a tilt state detection step to detect the tilt state of the mobile body relative to the horizontal plane, and then sets an exhaust and drainage scheme corresponding to its tilt state.

[0016] Patent CN111293337A proposes a method for detecting the liquid level in a methanol fuel cell reservoir. By adding a three-axis electronic gyroscope to detect the tilt angle of the device during operation, a linear Hall sensor is used to sense the position of a magnetic core float to know the liquid level in a certain direction in the liquid storage chamber, and further the liquid volume in the liquid storage chamber is known through an algorithm.

[0017] In the prior art, fuel cell drainage mostly uses indirect methods to obtain drainage requirements, or uses information feedback after drainage to determine the end state of drainage. The indirect method involves the water balance of the entire fuel cell system, involving many parameters, limited accuracy, and complex procedures.

[0018] In the prior art, a method for draining water in a mobile body is proposed. The drainage measurement depends on the tilt state of the vehicle or device. An additional tilt detection process or a three-axis gyroscope is added to instantly obtain the tilt angle of the vehicle to further determine the drainage volume. The vehicle fuel cell system involves various tilt directions and multiple tilt angles, and there are many influencing variables during the implementation process. Summary of the invention

[0019] The object of the present invention is to provide a water storage cavity and a water quantity metering method thereof, a fuel cell anode system and a fuel cell vehicle, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.

[0020] In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose and achieve the above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention discloses a water storage cavity, in which the anode outlet of the battery stack is connected to the water storage cavity through a water divider, and the water storage cavity is formed by a top water storage cavity and a bottom water storage cavity connected by a conical transition cavity, and the top water storage cavity is connected to the anode connection port of the battery stack and the mixed gas outlet through a connecting water cavity, a drain outlet is opened on the bottom water storage cavity, and a liquid level sensor is arranged throughout the water storage cavity.

[0021] Furthermore, the top water storage chamber is spherical, the bottom water storage chamber is spherical or square, and the cone angle α of the conical transition chamber is 35°-40°.

[0022] Furthermore, the liquid level sensor is a capacitive liquid level sensor.

[0023] Furthermore, the capacitive liquid level sensor is a concentric cylindrical capacitor, which measures the liquid level of the concentric cylindrical space in the water storage cavity.

[0024] Furthermore, the axis of the liquid level sensor and the line PQ connecting the center point P of the top water storage chamber and the center point Q of the bottom water storage chamber are coaxially arranged, and points P and Q are both within the liquid level range of the liquid level sensor.

[0025] The present invention also discloses a method for measuring the amount of water in a water storage cavity, and the measuring method is as follows:

[0026] The water storage rate in the water storage chamber is related to the liquid storage volume Q, the liquid level height h, the tilt angle θ, and the measurement time t. The relationship is shown in formula (1):

[0027]

[0028] at the same time, The water storage rate in the water storage chamber is related to q in Liquid storage rate, q out The relationship is shown in formula (2):

[0029]

[0030] Furthermore, the measurement method is as follows:

[0031] S1: Make a storage volume Q(h, θ) Map;

[0032] S2: Create a storage volume deviation rate map;

[0033] S3: Production of liquid storage volume and liquid level height change rate (h, θ) Map;

[0034] S4: Determine the average liquid discharge rate based on the corresponding time and liquid storage volume of the liquid level at point p, the corresponding time and liquid storage volume of the liquid level at point q Determine the corresponding tilt angle and instantaneous liquid storage rate according to the instantaneous liquid level;

[0035] in, is the rate of change of liquid storage volume and liquid level height, is the average drainage rate.

[0036] Furthermore, the average drainage rate

[0037] Among them, ΔQ pq =Q p -Q q , Δt pq =t p -t q , Q p is the storage volume at point p, Q q is the storage volume at point q, t p is the measurement time corresponding to point p, t q is the measurement time corresponding to point q.

[0038] The present invention also discloses a fuel cell anode system, which includes the above-mentioned water storage cavity, and also includes a stack anode, a hydrogen reflux drive device, and a water separator. The stack anode is provided with a stack anode inlet and a stack anode outlet. The two-phase gas-liquid mixture in the stack anode outlet cavity is separated into gas and liquid by the water separator, and the separated gas mixture flows to the stack anode inlet through the hydrogen reflux drive device. The water storage cavity is connected to the water separator, and a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the water storage cavity, and an electrically controlled drain valve is connected to the drain outlet.

[0039] Furthermore, it also includes a system controller, which is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor and the electric-controlled drain valve, collects signals from the liquid level sensor, and controls the opening and closing of the electric-controlled drain valve.

[0040] The invention also discloses a fuel cell vehicle, which adopts the fuel cell anode system.

[0041] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The present invention realizes precise drainage control of the fuel cell system. According to the liquid storage volume requirement of the fuel cell system, the structure of the liquid storage cavity is designed, the starting point of the drainage valve is set at point P, and the end point of the drainage valve is set at point Q. The drainage volume is thus not affected by the inclination angle, which is suitable for controlling the precise drainage of the drain valve.

[0043] 2. The anode liquid level metering of the fuel cell of the present invention adopts a capacitive liquid level sensor for continuous measurement of the liquid level. The principle is a concentric cylindrical capacitor. The change in liquid level causes a change in the equivalent dielectric constant, thereby changing the capacitance of the capacitor, and further converts the change in capacitance (i.e., the change in liquid level) into a standard electrical signal output. For the fuel cell system, the anode liquid is condensed water, and the gaseous mixture is hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. The dielectric constant difference between the liquid and gaseous properties is about 80 times, and the capacitance liquid level measurement accuracy is relatively high. Secondly, the capacitive liquid level sensor does not require a float, has no mechanical error, is suitable for small installation spaces, has a large dynamic range, and has a fast response speed. In addition, the capacitive liquid level sensor measures the liquid level in the concentric cylindrical space, and the liquid level is connected to the bottom of the overall liquid storage chamber, thereby weakening the instantaneous effects of instantaneous tilting and shaking and high-speed motion, which is particularly suitable for automotive systems.

[0044] 3. The present invention can estimate the system tilt angle range based on the liquid storage volume characteristics and the transient change of the liquid level height. Based on the measurement, the anode liquid storage rate of the fuel cell system is directly obtained, providing a direct parameter for the water balance of the fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Fuel cell anode system architecture.

[0046] Figure 2 Structural features of the liquid storage cavity and its positional relationship with the liquid level sensor in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 The relative relationship between the vertical state and the inclined state of the liquid storage cavity.

[0048] Figure 4 Reservoir volume Q(h,θ)Map.

[0049] Figure 5 Storage volume deviation rate Map.

[0050] Figure 6 Liquid storage volume and liquid level height change rate (h, θ)Map.

[0051] Figure 7 Flow chart for drainage control and liquid storage rate determination.

[0052] Figure 8 Structural features of the liquid storage cavity and its positional relationship with the liquid level sensor in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0053] Main component symbols:

[0054] 1. Water storage chamber, 2. Liquid level sensor, 3. Water distributor, 4. Hydrogen reflux drive device, 5. Mixing port, 6. Stack anode, 7. Electronically controlled drain valve, 8. Electronically controlled exhaust valve, 9. Hydrogen storage device, 10. Pressure reducing valve, 11. Safety valve, 12. Hydrogen control valve, 13. System controller.

[0055] 1a. Anode connection port of the battery stack, 1b. Mixed gas outlet, 1c. Connecting water chamber, 1d. Top water storage chamber, 1e. Conical transition chamber, 1f. Bottom water storage chamber, 1g. Drainage outlet.

[0056] 6-1. Anode inlet of fuel cell stack, 6-2. Anode outlet of fuel cell stack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] like Figure 2As shown, the present invention discloses a water storage cavity, the anode outlet 6-2 of the battery stack is connected to the water storage cavity 1 through a water divider 3, the water storage cavity 1 is formed by a top water storage cavity 1d and a bottom water storage cavity 1f connected by a conical transition cavity 1e, the top water storage cavity 1d is connected to the anode connection port 1a of the battery stack and the mixed gas outlet 1b through a connecting water cavity 1c, a drain port 1g is opened on the bottom water storage cavity 1f and is connected to an electrically controlled drain valve 7, and a liquid level sensor 2 is arranged throughout the water storage cavity 1.

[0060] Among them, the top water storage chamber 1d and the bottom water storage chamber 1f are both spherical, the axis of the liquid level sensor 2 and the line PQ connecting the center point P of the top water storage chamber 1d and the center point Q of the bottom water storage chamber 1f are coaxially arranged, and points P and Q are both within the liquid level range of the liquid level sensor 2.

[0061] Among them, the cone angle α of the conical transition cavity 1e is 35°-40°, the liquid level sensor 2 is a capacitive liquid level sensor, the capacitive liquid level sensor is a concentric cylindrical capacitor, and the concentric cylindrical capacitor measures the liquid level of the concentric cylindrical space in the water storage cavity 1.

[0062] The relative relationship between the vertical state and the inclined state of the structure in which the liquid level sensor 2 is provided in the water storage cavity 1 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. When the system is tilted at an angle α (the same as the cone angle α of the conical transition chamber 1e), the liquid level height QP' corresponding to the liquid level sensor 2 is equal to the vertical liquid level height QP. The volume corresponding to the liquid level measured at the drainage low point Q is also basically unaffected by the tilt angle.

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the liquid storage volume Q(h, θ) Map (wherein: liquid storage volume Q (mL), liquid level height h (mm), tilt angle θ (deg)). It can be seen from the figure that when the liquid storage volume is 110mL, it corresponds to Figure 2 The position of point P in the liquid storage cavity structure shows that the test liquid level height corresponding to this point is about 60mm, which does not change with the inclination angle θ. At the same time, when the liquid storage volume is 10mL, Figure 2 The Q point position in the liquid storage cavity structure corresponds to a test liquid level height of about 10 mm, and the liquid level height changes very little with the inclination angle θ.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, the liquid storage volume deviation rate Map (wherein: the liquid storage volume deviation (%) between the inclined state and the vertical state, the liquid level height h (mm), the inclination angle θ (deg)). Thus, the liquid level height range in the area where the liquid storage volume deviation (%) between the inclined state and the vertical state is higher than 5% is designed: 15mm-53mm, and the inclination angle range is 16°-40°, and the overlapping area of ​​the two.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, the rate of change of liquid storage volume and liquid level height (h, θ) Map (where: liquid storage volume and liquid level height change rate (mL / mm), liquid level height h (mm), tilt angle θ (deg)).

[0066] based on Figure 6 The characteristic diagram shown can be used to determine:

[0067] The water storage rate in the water storage chamber is related to the liquid storage volume Q, the liquid level height h, the tilt angle θ, and the measurement time t. The relationship is shown in formula (1):

[0068]

[0069] at the same time, The water storage rate in the water storage chamber is related to q in Liquid storage rate, q out The relationship is shown in formula (2):

[0070]

[0071] According to the working characteristics of fuel cells, the following simplifications are made:

[0072] 1. The drainage stage lasts for a shorter time and has a higher drainage rate q out , storage rate q in Smaller; the influence of storage liquid is ignored during the drainage stage.

[0073] 2. The time of the discharge stage is short, the inclination angle θ remains unchanged during the discharge process, the exhaust valve is a switch valve, the pressure changes little during the discharge process, and the discharge process is close to a constant discharge rate.

[0074] 3. The water storage stage is simplified as follows: the inclination angle θ during the water storage stage remains unchanged from that during the drainage stage.

[0075] Based on the above assumptions, the flow chart of drainage control and liquid storage rate determination is as follows: Figure 7 The measurement method is as follows:

[0076] S1: Make a storage volume Q(h, θ) Map;

[0077] S2: Create a storage volume deviation rate map;

[0078] S3: Production of liquid storage volume and liquid level height change rate (h, θ) Map;

[0079] S4: Determine the average liquid discharge rate based on the corresponding time and liquid storage volume of the liquid level at point p, the corresponding time and liquid storage volume of the liquid level at point q Determine the corresponding tilt angle and instantaneous liquid storage rate according to the instantaneous liquid level;

[0080] in, is the rate of change of liquid storage volume and liquid level height, is the average drainage rate.

[0081] Furthermore, the average drainage rate

[0082] Among them, ΔQ pq =Q p -Q q , Δt pq =t p -t q , Q p is the storage volume at point p, Q q is the storage volume at point q, t p is the measurement time corresponding to point p, t q is the measurement time corresponding to point q.

[0083] The present invention also discloses a fuel cell anode system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell anode system includes the above-mentioned water storage cavity, and also includes a stack anode 6, a hydrogen reflux drive device 4, and a water separator 3. The stack anode 6 is provided with a stack anode inlet 6-1 and a stack anode outlet 6-2. The two-phase gas-liquid mixture at the stack anode outlet 6-2 is separated into gas and liquid by the water separator 3. The separated gas mixture flows to the stack anode inlet 6-1 through the hydrogen reflux drive device 4. The water storage cavity 1 is connected to the water separator 3.

[0084] The system controller 13 is also included. The system controller 13 is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor 2 and the electric-controlled drain valve 7 , collects the signal of the liquid level sensor 2 , and controls the opening and closing of the electric-controlled drain valve 7 .

[0085] The anode inlet 6-1 of the stack includes a mixing port 5 and a hydrogen storage device 9, a pressure reducing valve 10, a safety valve 11 and a hydrogen control valve 12 connected in sequence, and the hydrogen reflux drive device 4 and the hydrogen control valve 12 are connected to the anode inlet 6-1 of the stack via the mixing port 5. In the present invention, the hydrogen storage device 10 can be a hydrogen bottle.

[0086] An electrically controlled exhaust valve 8 is provided downstream of the water separator 3 for discharging the anode mixed gas intermittently to prevent nitrogen accumulation.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] The water storage cavity structure of this embodiment is roughly similar to that of embodiment 1. Considering that the volume of the bottom spherical water storage cavity is small and insensitive to the system test, the bottom spherical cavity is simplified to a square shape, as shown in the figure. The structural characteristics of the liquid storage cavity and the position relationship of the liquid level sensor are as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0090] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0091] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0092] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water storage cavity, wherein the anode outlet of the battery stack is connected to the water storage cavity through a water distributor, characterized in that: The water storage cavity is formed by connecting a top water storage cavity and a bottom water storage cavity through a conical transition cavity. The top water storage cavity is connected to the anode connection port of the battery stack and the mixed gas outlet through a connecting water cavity. A drainage port is provided on the bottom water storage cavity. A liquid level sensor is provided throughout the water storage cavity. Wherein, the top water storage chamber is spherical, the bottom water storage chamber is spherical or square, and the cone angle α of the conical transition chamber is 35°-40°; The axis of the liquid level sensor and the line PQ connecting the center point P of the top water storage chamber and the center point Q of the bottom water storage chamber are coaxially arranged, and points P and Q are both within the liquid level range of the liquid level sensor; Wherein, the drain outlet is connected with an electrically controlled drain valve, the drain valve discharge starting point is located at point P, and the drain valve discharge end point is set at point Q.

2. The water storage cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid level sensor is a capacitive liquid level sensor.

3. The water storage cavity according to claim 2, characterized in that: The capacitive liquid level sensor is a concentric cylindrical capacitor, which measures the liquid level of the concentric cylindrical space in the water storage cavity.

4. A method for measuring water volume in a water storage cavity, characterized in that: The metering method is based on the water storage cavity according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the metering method is as follows: The water storage rate in the water storage chamber is related to the liquid storage volume Q, the liquid level height h, the tilt angle θ, and the measurement time t. The relationship is shown in formula (1): at the same time, The water storage rate in the water storage cavity is related to the qin liquid storage rate and qout liquid discharge rate, and the relationship is shown in formula (2):

5. The method for measuring water volume in a water storage cavity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measurement method is as follows: S1: Make a storage volume Q(h, θ) Map; S2: Create a storage volume deviation rate map; S3: Production of liquid storage volume and liquid level height change rate Map; S4: Determine the average liquid discharge rate based on the corresponding time and liquid storage volume of the liquid level at point p, the corresponding time and liquid storage volume of the liquid level at point q The corresponding tilt angle and the instantaneous liquid storage rate in the water storage chamber are determined according to the instantaneous liquid level; wherein, is the rate of change of liquid storage volume and liquid level height, is the average drainage rate.

6. The method for measuring water volume in a water storage cavity according to claim 5, characterized in that: The average drainage rate Among them, ΔQpq=Qp-Qq, Δtpq=tp-tq, Qp is the liquid storage volume at point p, Qq is the liquid storage volume at point q, tp is the measurement time corresponding to point p, and tq is the measurement time corresponding to point q.

7. A fuel cell anode system, wherein the fuel cell anode system is based on the water storage cavity according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell anode system also includes a stack anode, a hydrogen reflux drive device, a water separator, and a system controller. The stack anode is provided with a stack anode inlet and a stack anode outlet. The two-phase gas-liquid mixture in the stack anode outlet cavity is separated into gas and liquid through the water separator, and the separated gas mixture flows to the stack anode inlet through the hydrogen reflux drive device. The water storage cavity is connected to the water separator, and a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the water storage cavity. An electrically controlled drain valve is connected to the drain outlet. The system controller is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor and the electrically controlled drain valve, collects signals from the liquid level sensor, and controls the opening and closing of the electrically controlled drain valve.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that The vehicle adopts the fuel cell anode system described in claim 7.

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