A tunnel boring machine cutter head and tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of tunnel excavation equipment, and particularly relates to a tunnel boring machine cutterhead and a tunnel boring machine. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead comprises a cutterhead panel and a roller cutter mounted on the cutterhead panel. The cutterhead panel comprises a front panel, a roller cutter mounting hole is opened on the front panel, a rib plate is fixed on the rear panel surface of the front panel, the rib plate and the front panel cooperate to separate different opening cavities with openings facing backwards on the rear side of the front panel, the tunnel boring machine cutterhead also comprises a damper installed in at least part of the opening cavities, the damper comprises a closed box body and damping particles filled in the box body, the shape of the box body matches the shape of the opening cavities, the box body of the damper is fixedly connected to the rib plate, the front side wall of the box body is fitted with the front panel, the rear side wall constitutes a sealing plate for blocking the corresponding opening of the opening cavity and at the same time constitutes a rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutterhead panel, the side wall of the box body is connected to the rib plate, vibration reduction is achieved by the damper, and at the same time the damper strengthens the connection strength of the rib plate, further ensuring the structural strength of the cutterhead.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of tunnel excavation equipment, and in particular relates to a tunnel boring machine cutter head and a tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] As an underground engineering equipment with high mechanization, fast excavation efficiency and safe construction, hard rock tunnel boring machine is widely used in underground space development. During specific operation, the cutter head of the hard rock tunnel boring machine rotates under the drive of the main drive and squeezes the rollers on the cutter head panel and the rock surface against each other, causing the rock to break and fall off, thus realizing the excavation of the hard rock stratum.

[0003] Compared with the excavation of soft soil, the impact load generated by the rock breaking process of the hard rock tunnel boring machine will cause the cutterhead with the roller cutter to vibrate violently. The instantaneous large load impact may cause the cutterhead to deform seriously, crack the welds, and break the main drive bolts. At the same time, the alternating load generated by the vibration will seriously shorten the fatigue life of the cutterhead. Once maintenance is required, it will greatly affect the construction progress. Therefore, it is necessary to design the vibration reduction and vibration resistance of the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN107480400B and the authorization announcement date March 9, 2021 discloses a vibration reduction design method for a hard rock tunnel boring machine based on a multi-tuned mass damper, which can reduce the vibration of the drive box, but has no vibration reduction effect on the cutterhead and bearing structure. The Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN109268434B and the authorization announcement date April 28, 2020 discloses a method for adding a magnetorheological damper to a TBM support cylinder. This method is mainly used to control the lateral and longitudinal vibrations of the main machine, but does not take vibration reduction measures in the axial excavation direction. The Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN112392497A and application publication date February 23, 2021 discloses an active vibration reduction method and system for open TBM construction, which specifically uses an anti-vibration source to offset the vibration of the cutter head. Due to the uncertainty of rock strata and the randomness of rock crushing during the rock breaking process, the vibration frequency range of the hard rock tunnel boring machine is large and the amplitude changes rapidly. Therefore, the use of an anti-vibration source is very likely to produce a situation where the frequency and amplitude are not coordinated. Once this happens, the equipment will vibrate more severely, and there is a problem of unreliable vibration reduction effect.

[0005] A Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN109594998B and the authorization announcement date of April 7, 2020 discloses a vibration reduction optimization method for replacing the rib plate material of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine cutter head with a damping alloy. Specifically, the material at part of the rib plate is replaced with a damping alloy material according to the damping alloy optimization layout model in response to the vibration of the rib plate. This solution can achieve vibration reduction of the cutter head and TBM host, but the implementation of the solution depends on the damping alloy optimization layout model, which has the problem of great implementation difficulty. Moreover, the structure of the cutter head has not changed after the improvement using this solution, and the structural strength cannot be improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel boring machine cutterhead to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the tunnel boring machine cutterhead is difficult to implement when performing vibration reduction optimization and the structural strength is not improved; the object of the present invention is also to provide a tunnel boring machine using the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine cutter head provided by the present invention is:

[0008] A boring machine cutterhead comprises a cutterhead panel and a roller cutter mounted on the cutterhead panel, the cutterhead panel comprising a front panel, a roller cutter mounting hole extending from front to back is opened on the front panel, the roller cutter is mounted in the roller cutter mounting hole, a rib plate is fixed to the rear panel surface of the front panel to strengthen the structure of the front panel, the rib plate cooperates with the front panel to divide the space on the rear side of the front panel into different open cavities with openings facing backwards, the boring machine cutterhead also comprises a damper mounted in at least part of the open cavities, the damper comprises a closed box body and damping particles filled in the box body, the shape of the box body matches the shape of the corresponding open cavity so that the corresponding open cavity can be filled with the damper, the damper is fixedly connected to the rib plate through the box body, the front side wall of the box body is in contact with the front panel, the rear side wall of the box body constitutes a sealing plate for blocking the corresponding open cavity cavity and simultaneously constitutes the rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutterhead panel.

[0009] The beneficial effect is that when the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine is working, the roller cutter arranged on the front side of the cutterhead panel rolls the face to realize tunnel excavation. During the excavation process, the vibration generated by the roller cutter breaking the rock is transmitted to the cutterhead. The vibration of the cutterhead causes the collision and friction between the damping particles in the damper filled in the cutterhead cavity, so that the vibration energy of the cutterhead is converted into the kinetic energy and internal energy of the damping particles, reducing the vibration of the cutterhead's own structural parts and realizing vibration reduction. Furthermore, the damper is filled in the open cavity surrounded by the front panel and the rib plate and is fixedly connected to the rib plate, so that the front side of the damping particles is a double-layer structure composed of the front panel and the front side wall of the box body. The damping particles exert vibration on the cutterhead by impacting the box body. The double-layer structure also ensures the structural strength of the front and rear directions of the cutter disc. At the same time, the damper is connected between the ribs to further ensure the structural strength of the ribs. In this way, the structural strength of the cutter disc is strengthened while reducing vibration, reducing the possibility of cracking due to vibration during the operation of the cutter disc, ensuring that the cutter disc is more durable, and avoiding damage due to vibration during the operation of the cutter disc that affects the construction period. At the same time, the rear side wall of the box body constitutes a sealing plate that blocks the corresponding opening cavity and simultaneously constitutes the rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutter disc panel, reducing the processing and manufacturing of the rear panel and improving the convenience of cutter disc production.

[0010] As a further improvement, the rear side walls of each damper are flush to reduce slag accumulation caused by the uneven back side of the cutter head panel.

[0011] The beneficial effect is that the flush rear side walls of each damper can replace the rear panel of the cutter disc panel, ensuring that the cutter disc has the simplest possible structure. At the same time, the rear side walls of each damper cooperate to form a flush plate structure to avoid the accumulation of debris on the rear side of the cutter disc panel, while reducing the wear of the damper by debris, which can ensure that the tunnel boring machine cutter disc can work long-term and reliably.

[0012] As a further improvement, a particle filling hole for filling damping particles is provided on the rear side wall of the box body, and a sealing cover is fixed at the opening of the particle filling hole.

[0013] The beneficial effects are: by setting the particle filling hole, the damping particles in the damper can be replaced in time, so that the damper maintains good working performance, and by setting a sealing cover at the particle filling hole, foreign debris can be prevented from entering the damper box to corrode the damping particles and affect the normal movement of the damping particles.

[0014] As a further improvement, the particle filling hole is opened at the edge of the rear side wall.

[0015] The beneficial effect is that the particle filling hole is opened at the edge of the rear side wall of the box body, so that when the damping particles are replaced, the particle filling hole can be located at the lowest position of the box body by rotating the adjustment disc, so that the damping particles can flow out automatically, and when the damping particles are loaded into the box body, the particle filling hole can be located at the highest position of the box body by rotating the adjustment disc, which is convenient for the operator to load the damping particles into the box body.

[0016] As a further improvement, the sealing cover is fixed to the box body by bolts.

[0017] The beneficial effect is that the sealing cover is firmly and reliably fixed on the box body by means of bolt fixing, and the sealing cover is easy to remove.

[0018] As a further improvement, the particle filling hole is a countersunk structure, and the sealing cover is installed in the particle filling hole so that the rear end surface of the sealing cover is flush with the rear wall surface of the box body.

[0019] The beneficial effect is that such a structure can prevent the sealing cover from protruding relative to the rear wall of the box body, thereby easily accumulating debris, and can also prevent debris from colliding and damaging the sealing cover.

[0020] As a further improvement, the cutter disc further comprises a spray head located on the back side of the cutter disc panel, and the spray head is used for spraying cooling liquid onto the box body of the damper.

[0021] The beneficial effect is that during the operation of the cutter disc, the damper can be cooled by spraying coolant on the box body of the damper, thereby enhancing the friction function of the damping particles and ensuring that the damper is in a good energy absorption and vibration reduction state.

[0022] As a further improvement, the mass ratio of damping particles of different sizes in the damper ranges from 1:1 to 1:1.5.

[0023] The beneficial effect is that by filling the damping particles of different sizes, the damping particles have a good activity space, ensuring that the particles can better collide and rub against each other when the cutter disc vibrates.

[0024] As a further improvement, the volume of the damping particles in the box body accounts for 70%-90% of the box body cavity.

[0025] The beneficial effect is that 70%-90% of the inner cavity of the box body is filled with damping particles, which ensures that the damping particles have space for movement and that the damping particles can collide evenly with each other.

[0026] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is:

[0027] A roadheader comprises a main drive and a cutter disc driven to rotate by the main drive, the cutter disc comprising a cutter disc panel and a roller mounted on the cutter disc panel, the cutter disc panel comprising a front panel, a roller cutter mounting hole extending from front to back is opened on the front panel, the roller cutter is mounted in the roller cutter mounting hole, a rib plate is fixed to the rear panel surface of the front panel to strengthen the structure of the front panel, the rib plate cooperates with the front panel to separate the space behind the front panel into different open cavities, the roadheader cutter disc also comprises a damper installed in at least part of the open cavities, the damper comprises a closed box body and damping particles filled in the box body, the shape of the box body matches the shape of the corresponding open cavity so that the corresponding open cavity can be filled by the damper, the damper is fixedly connected to the rib plate through the box body, the front side wall of the box body is in contact with the front panel, the rear side wall of the box body constitutes a sealing plate for blocking the corresponding open cavity cavity and simultaneously constitutes the rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutter disc panel.

[0028] The beneficial effect is that when the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine is working, the roller cutter arranged on the front side of the cutterhead panel rolls the face to realize tunnel excavation. During the excavation process, the vibration generated by the roller cutter breaking the rock is transmitted to the cutterhead. The vibration of the cutterhead causes the collision and friction between the damping particles in the damper filled in the cutterhead cavity, so that the vibration energy of the cutterhead is converted into the kinetic energy and internal energy of the damping particles, reducing the vibration of the cutterhead's own structural parts and realizing vibration reduction. Furthermore, the damper is filled in the open cavity surrounded by the front panel and the rib plate and is fixedly connected to the rib plate, so that the front side of the damping particles is a double-layer structure composed of the front panel and the front side wall of the box body. The damping particles exert vibration on the cutterhead by impacting the box body. The double-layer structure also ensures the structural strength of the front and rear directions of the cutter disc. At the same time, the damper is connected between the ribs to further ensure the structural strength of the ribs. In this way, the structural strength of the cutter disc is strengthened while reducing vibration, reducing the possibility of cracking due to vibration during the operation of the cutter disc, ensuring that the cutter disc is more durable, and avoiding damage due to vibration during the operation of the cutter disc that affects the construction period. At the same time, the rear side wall of the box body constitutes a sealing plate that blocks the corresponding opening cavity and simultaneously constitutes the rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutter disc panel, reducing the processing and manufacturing of the rear panel and improving the convenience of cutter disc production.

[0029] As a further improvement, the rear side walls of each damper are flush to reduce slag accumulation caused by the uneven back side of the cutter head panel.

[0030] The beneficial effect is that the flush rear side walls of each damper can replace the rear panel of the cutter disc panel, ensuring that the cutter disc has the simplest possible structure. At the same time, the rear side walls of each damper cooperate to form a flush plate structure to avoid the accumulation of debris on the rear side of the cutter disc panel, while reducing the wear of the damper by debris, which can ensure that the tunnel boring machine cutter disc can work long-term and reliably.

[0031] As a further improvement, a particle filling hole for filling damping particles is provided on the rear side wall of the box body, and a sealing cover is fixed at the opening of the particle filling hole.

[0032] The beneficial effects are: by setting the particle filling hole, the damping particles in the damper can be replaced in time, so that the damper maintains good working performance, and by setting a sealing cover at the particle filling hole, foreign debris can be prevented from entering the damper box to corrode the damping particles and affect the normal movement of the damping particles.

[0033] As a further improvement, the particle filling hole is opened at the edge of the rear side wall.

[0034] The beneficial effect is that the particle filling hole is opened at the edge of the rear side wall of the box body, so that when the damping particles are replaced, the particle filling hole can be located at the lowest position of the box body by rotating the adjustment disc, so that the damping particles can flow out automatically, and when the damping particles are loaded into the box body, the particle filling hole can be located at the highest position of the box body by rotating the adjustment disc, which is convenient for the operator to load the damping particles into the box body.

[0035] As a further improvement, the sealing cover is fixed to the box body by bolts.

[0036] The beneficial effect is that the sealing cover is firmly and reliably fixed on the box body by means of bolt fixing, and the sealing cover is easy to remove.

[0037] As a further improvement, the particle filling hole is a countersunk structure, and the sealing cover is installed in the particle filling hole so that the rear end surface of the sealing cover is flush with the rear wall surface of the box body.

[0038] The beneficial effect is that such a structure can prevent the sealing cover from protruding relative to the rear wall of the box body, thereby easily accumulating debris, and can also prevent debris from colliding and damaging the sealing cover.

[0039] As a further improvement, the cutter disc further comprises a spray head located on the back side of the cutter disc panel, and the spray head is used for spraying cooling liquid onto the box body of the damper.

[0040] The beneficial effect is that during the operation of the cutter disc, the damper can be cooled by spraying coolant on the box body of the damper, thereby enhancing the friction function of the damping particles and ensuring that the damper is in a good energy absorption and vibration reduction state.

[0041] As a further improvement, the mass ratio of damping particles of different sizes in the damper ranges from 1:1 to 1:1.5.

[0042] The beneficial effect is that by filling the damping particles of different sizes, the damping particles have a good activity space, ensuring that the particles can better collide and rub against each other when the cutter disc vibrates.

[0043] As a further improvement, the volume of the damping particles in the box body accounts for 70%-90% of the box body cavity.

[0044] The beneficial effect is that 70%-90% of the inner cavity of the box body is filled with damping particles, which ensures that the damping particles have space for movement and that the damping particles can collide evenly with each other. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cutter head of Example 1 of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution and structure of part of the opening cavity of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a front view of a first damper of a cutterhead of a roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the first damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from the front view perspective;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the first damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from a side view;

[0050] Figure 6 It is a front view of the second damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the second damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from the front view perspective;

[0052] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the second damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from a side view perspective;

[0053] Fig. 9 It is a front view of the third damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of the third damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from the front view perspective;

[0055] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of the third damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from a side view;

[0056] Fig.12 It is a front view of the fourth damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.13It is a cross-sectional view of the fourth damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from the front view perspective;

[0058] Fig.14 It is a cross-sectional view of the fourth damper of the cutter head of the roadheader embodiment 1 of the present invention from a side view;

[0059] Fig.15 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sealing covers of the dampers of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0060] 1. Front panel; 2. Hob; 3. Cutter holder; 4. Rib plate; 5. Open cavity; 6. First open cavity; 7. First damper; 8. First damper box; 9. Damping particles; 10. Particle filling hole; 11. Sealing cover; 12. Large diameter section; 13. Small diameter section; 14. Second open cavity; 15. Third open cavity; 16. Fourth open cavity; 17. Fifth open cavity; 18. Second damper; 19. Second damper box; 20. Sixth open cavity; 21. Seventh open cavity; 22. Eighth open cavity; 23. Third damper; 24. Third damper box; 25. Ninth open cavity; 26. Fourth damper; 27. Fourth damper box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0062] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" that may appear are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, terms such as "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, elements defined by the sentence "including a...", etc., do not exclude the process or method that includes the elements.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "provided with" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the object "provided with" may be a part of the body, or may be arranged separately from the body and connected to the body, and the connection may be a detachable connection or an inseparable connection. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0066] The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0067] The specific embodiment 1 of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is that the tunnel boring machine is specifically an open hard rock tunnel boring machine. In this embodiment, a water diversion tunnel project is used as an example to introduce the tunnel boring machine. In the water diversion tunnel project, the rock types are mainly granite and sandstone, the compressive strength is 90MPa, the tunnel construction burial depth is 40-60m, the diameter of the tunnel boring machine cutter head is 8.23m, the cutter head speed is 6.5rpm, the cutter head structure mass is 200t, and the average vibration acceleration of the cutter head during the construction process is about 20G. The specific structure and working mode of the tunnel boring machine are as follows:

[0068] The tunnel boring machine includes a main drive and a cutterhead driven by the main drive. The structure of the cutterhead is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a cutterhead panel, and the excavation direction of the cutterhead is defined as the front. The cutterhead panel is a front and back double-layer structure. Figure 1As shown, the cutterhead panel includes a front panel 1 located on the front side, and a through hole is opened on the front panel 1 running through the front and back. The roller cutter 2 of the tunnel boring machine is installed in the corresponding through hole through the corresponding cutter seat 3, and the roller cutter 2 is partially exposed forward through the opening of the through hole, so that the cutterhead can roll and contact with the face through the roller cutter 2 to achieve the crushing of the hard rock.

[0069] The cutter head panel also includes ribs 4 arranged in different directions at different positions on the rear side of the front panel 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plate surface of the rib plate 4 extends in the front-to-back direction, and cooperates with the front panel 1 to separate different openings 5 ​​opening backward in the area where the hob 2 is not installed. The cutter head also includes a damper arranged in the opening 5. Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the cutter head of the present invention is introduced by taking the first damper installed in the first opening cavity 6 separated from the rear side of the front panel 1 as an example. The structure of the first damper 7 is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, it includes a first damper box body 8 and damping particles 9 filled in the first damper box body 8. The shape of the first damper 7 is adapted to the shape of the first opening cavity 6, so that the first damper 7 can fill the first opening cavity 6, and the front side wall of the first damper box body 8 is in contact with the back of the front panel 1 of the cutter disc panel, and at the same time, the rear side wall of the first damper 7 constitutes a sealing plate that blocks the cavity of the first opening cavity 6, and constitutes the rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutter disc panel. The rear panel, the front panel 1 and the rib plate 4 cooperate to form a double-layer structure of the cutter disc panel. As for the fixing method of the first damper 7 in the first opening cavity, in this embodiment, the first damper box body 8 is welded and fixed to the rib plate 4 that surrounds the first opening cavity 6.

[0070] In addition to the first opening cavity 6, the rear side of the front panel 1 is also separated into a second opening cavity 14, a third opening cavity 15, a fourth opening cavity 16 and a fifth opening cavity 17 of the same shape, and the corresponding damper is a second damper 18. The structure of the second damper 18 is as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, it includes a second damper box body 19 and damping particles 9 filled in the second damper box body 19. The shape of the second damper 18 is the same as the shape of the corresponding open cavity, specifically a structure with an obtuse triangle cross section.

[0071] The rear side of the front panel 1 is also separated into a sixth opening cavity 20, a seventh opening cavity 21 and an eighth opening cavity 22 of the same shape, and the corresponding dampers are Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.11The third damper 23 shown includes a third damper box body 24 and damping particles 9 filled in the third damper box body 24. The shape of the third damper 23 is the same as the shape of the corresponding opening cavity, specifically a right-angled triangle structure with a sharp-angled protrusion structure on one right-angled side.

[0072] In addition to the above openings, a ninth opening 25 is separated at the rear side of the front panel 1, and its corresponding damper is Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig.14 The fourth damper 26 shown includes a fourth damper box body 27 and damping particles 9 filled in the fourth damper box body 27. The shape of the fourth damper 26 is the same as the shape of the corresponding opening cavity, specifically an acute triangle structure with a sharp protruding structure on one side.

[0073] In order to facilitate the replacement of damping particles 9 later, a particle filling hole 10 is also opened on the rear side wall of each damper box body. Here, the first damper 7 is taken as an example for introduction. The particle filling hole 10 is a step hole, the inner diameter of the small diameter section is 50mm, and the inner diameter of the large diameter section is 70mm. Correspondingly, the first damper 7 also includes a sealing cover 11 for sealing and fixing at the opening of the particle filling hole 10. The structure of the sealing cover 11 is as follows: Fig.15 As shown, the sealing cover 11 is an end cover structure, including a large diameter section 12 and a small diameter section 13. When installing, the sealing cover 11 is inserted into the particle filling hole 10, and the large diameter section 12 and the small diameter section 13 of the sealing cover respectively cooperate with the large diameter section and the small diameter section of the particle filling hole 10. As for the fixing method of the sealing cover 11 in the particle filling hole 10, in this embodiment, a fixing hole is opened on the large diameter section 12 of the sealing cover 11, and a threaded hole corresponding to the fixing hole on the sealing cover 11 is opened on the step surface of the particle filling hole 10. When fixing, a screw is inserted into the fixing hole and the screw is screwed into the threaded hole to realize the fixing of the sealing cover 11 in the particle filling hole 10.

[0074] As for the opening position of the particle filling hole 10, in this embodiment, the particle filling hole 10 is opened at the edge of the rear side wall of the first damper box body 8, so that when the damping particles 9 are replaced, the particle filling hole 10 can be placed at the lowest position of the first damper box body 8 by rotating the adjustment knife disc, so that the damping particles 9 can flow out automatically, and when the damping particles 9 are loaded into the first damper box body 8, the particle filling hole 10 can be placed at the highest position of the first damper box body 8 by rotating the adjustment knife disc, which is convenient for the operator to load the damping particles 9 into the first damper box body 8. In this way, the service life of the damper can be improved by repeatedly replacing the damping particles 9. The particle filling hole 10 is sealed by a sealing cover 11 to prevent the damping particles 9 from leaking. The particle filling holes and corresponding sealing covers of other dampers have the same shape and fixing method as the particle filling holes and corresponding sealing covers on the first damper.

[0075] After the dampers are installed in the corresponding openings, the rear side walls of the dampers are flush, reducing the accumulation of residue on the back of the cutter disc due to unevenness. The size of each damper is designed to meet the size of each opening of the cutter disc, and there is no need to adjust the structure of the cutter disc. In order to cool down each damper, a coolant nozzle for spraying coolant toward each damper is also provided on the rear side of the cutter disc panel, and the coolant nozzle is connected to the corresponding coolant delivery pipeline.

[0076] When the tunnel boring machine is working, the cutterhead rotates under the drive of the main drive, and the face is rolled by the roller cutter 2 to realize the excavation of the hard rock and soil layer. The vibration generated during the operation of the cutterhead is transmitted to each damper. The damping particles 9 in each damper move and hit the box body of the damper. The box body transmits the force to the cutterhead structure, providing a vibration-reducing reaction force for the cutterhead structure along the vibration direction of the cutterhead, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude. The size of each damper along the axial direction of the cutterhead is smaller than the size along the radial direction of the cutterhead, so that the damping particles 9 are in a tight state in the axial direction of the cutterhead as a whole. Under low vibration conditions, the damping particles 9 do not move significantly. At this time, the damping particles 9 mainly consume the axial vibration energy through friction between each other. When the vibration is large, the damping particles 9 consume the axial vibration energy through collision and friction. In addition, each damper is generally a triangular structure, which ensures that the damper itself has a high structural strength and realizes reliable reinforcement of the cutterhead structural strength.

[0077] The installation position of the damper on the cutter disc is determined by referring to the relationship between the cutter disc speed, radius and centrifugal acceleration, wherein the formula for the relationship between the cutter disc speed, radius and centrifugal acceleration is as follows:

[0078] F = 1.11 × 10 -5 ×R×[rmp] 2

[0079] Among them, F is the centrifugal acceleration, which is generally expressed in multiples of g (gravitational acceleration); rpm is the rotation speed of the cutter disc, and R is the rotation radius in cm.

[0080] According to relevant research on particle damping, when the centrifugal acceleration F = 0.666g, due to the large centrifugal force, most or all of the outer damping particles are attached to the wall of the cylinder and rotate with the cylinder. Based on this standard, combined with the diameter of the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine in this embodiment of 8.23m and the cutterhead speed of 6.5rpm, all dampers are arranged close to the center of the cutterhead, so that the average rotation radius of all dampers is 1.64m. In this way, the centrifugal acceleration of the damping particles is calculated to obtain F = 0.077g, so that the centrifugal force of the damper during the rotation of the cutterhead is extremely small, and the motion state of the internal damping particles is less affected by the centrifugal force, ensuring that the damper can effectively reduce the vibration of the cutterhead in the axial direction. Through the above calculation method, it can be determined that based on the size and speed of the cutterhead, actually installing a particle damper at any position of the cutterhead can ensure that the damper works stably and reliably. Based on this, considering that the vibration is most severe at the edge of the cutterhead, the damper can be installed at the edge of the cutterhead to achieve targeted and reliable vibration reduction of the most severe part of the cutterhead vibration. Of course, the dampers can also be evenly distributed on the cutter disc.

[0081] In this embodiment, the box body of the damper is made of low-alloy high-strength steel material and adopts a sealing structure, which can reduce the risk of sewage in the tunnel entering the damper and corroding the damping particles 9. The damping particles 9 are cast iron particles. In this embodiment, the diameter size range of the damping particles 9 is 5-15mm, and the mass ratio of damping particles of different sizes filled in each box body ranges from 1:1 to 1:1.5. Selecting damping particles 9 of different sizes and types to fill the inner cavity of the damper box body can enhance the degree of interaction between the damping particles 9 during the vibration process through size differences, and at the same time, the damping particles 9 in the damper have a certain amount of space for movement, so that the damping particles can collide and rub against each other more evenly when the cutter disc vibrates.

[0082] Regarding the filling amount of damping particles 9 in the damper box, the volume of the filled damping particles 9 accounts for 70%-90% of the volume of the box cavity (the volume of the filled damping particles here includes the gaps between the damping particles). At least two sizes of damping particles 9 are uniformly filled to ensure that the damping particles 9 of each size collide as evenly as possible during the collision process.

[0083] As for the shape of the damping particles 9, in the present embodiment, the damping particles 9 are spherical, and of course in other embodiments, they can also be ellipsoidal or any other shaped particles. The box body of each damper can be filled with damping particles of one shape, or a mixture of particles of multiple different shapes, such as a mixture of round and ellipsoidal shapes. In this way, the movement ability of the damping particles 9 inside the damper during the vibration of the cutter disc can be increased as much as possible when the filling rate of the damping particles 9 is high, the friction and collision between the damping particles 9 are enhanced, and the function of the damper in absorbing vibration energy is increased.

[0084] The particle material has a certain collision recovery coefficient. In the present invention, the collision coefficient of the damping particle material is selected to be below 0.5. When the damping particles 9 collide with each other, the kinetic energy of the damping particles 9 is consumed through the change of the internal mechanism of the material. In addition, the surface of the damping particles 9 is processed so that the friction coefficient of the surface of the damping particles 9 is above 0.2. When the damping particles 9 shear each other, the vibration energy is converted into internal energy through friction.

[0085] In this embodiment, the space filled by a single first damper 7 in the cutter disc structure is about 0.1 cubic meter, the space filled by a single second damper 18 in the cutter disc structure is about 0.092 cubic meter, the space filled by a single third damper 23 in the cutter disc structure is about 0.066 cubic meter, and the space filled by a single fourth damper 26 in the cutter disc structure is 0.1 cubic meter. The mass of the box body of all dampers is about 1.5t. The collision recovery coefficient of the damping particles made of cast iron is 0.3-0.5, the surface friction coefficient is 0.2, and the total filling mass is 2.37-2.48t. The sizes of the damping particles are 5mm, 10mm and 15mm.

[0086] There are several options for the weight ratio of damping particles and the filling amount in the damper box cavity:

[0087] During the operation of the tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead is subjected to the impact load generated by the roller cutter and the rock, which causes large vibrations with a frequency of 0-600Hz for medium and low frequencies and 0-10cm for large amplitudes. Two types of damping particles are filled in the damper box. The sizes of the two damping particles are 5mm and 15mm. The mass ratio of the two sizes of particles is 1:1, and the filling rate is 70%.

[0088] During the operation of the tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead is subjected to the impact load generated by the roller cutter and the rock, which causes large vibrations with a frequency of 0-600Hz for medium and low frequencies and 0-10cm for large amplitudes. Two types of damping particles are filled in the damper box. The sizes of the two damping particles are 5mm and 10mm. The mass ratio of the two sizes of particles is 1:1.3, and the filling rate is 80%.

[0089] During the operation of the tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead is subjected to the impact load generated by the roller cutter and the rock, which causes large vibrations with a frequency of 0-600Hz for medium and low frequencies and 0-10cm for large amplitudes. Two types of damping particles are filled in the damper box. The sizes of the two damping particles are 10mm and 15mm. The mass ratio of the two sizes of particles is 1:1.5, and the filling rate is 90%.

[0090] The specific embodiment 2 of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is mainly different from the embodiment 1 in that: in the embodiment 1, the damper is fixed in the corresponding opening cavity by welding. In this embodiment, a threaded hole is provided on the side wall of the damper, and a fixing hole corresponding to the threaded hole on the damper is provided on the rib plate of the corresponding opening cavity, and the damper is fixed in the corresponding opening cavity by inserting screws in the fixing hole and the threaded hole.

[0091] The specific embodiment 3 of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is different from the embodiment 1 mainly in that: in the embodiment 1, the sealing cover is fixed in the corresponding particle filling hole by screws. In this embodiment, the sealing cover is a screw plug, and the corresponding particle filling hole is a threaded hole.

[0092] The specific embodiment 4 of the roadheader provided by the present invention is different from the embodiment 1 mainly in that: in the embodiment 1, the volume of the damping particles in the box body accounts for 70%-90% of the box body cavity. In this embodiment, the volume of the damping particles in the box body accounts for less than 70% of the box body cavity, such as 65%.

[0093] The specific embodiment 5 of the roadheader provided by the present invention is mainly different from the embodiment 1 in that: in the embodiment 1, the mass ratio of the damping particles of different sizes in the damper ranges from 1:1 to 1:1.5. In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of the damping particles of different sizes in the damper ranges from greater than 1:1 to 1:1.5, i.e., from 1:1 to 1:1.6. Of course, in other embodiments, the mass ratio of the damping particles of different sizes in the damper can also range from other values ​​greater than 1:1 to 1:1.5.

[0094] Embodiments of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided by the present invention:

[0095] The structure and working principle of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine in the present invention are the same as those of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine, comprising a cutterhead panel and a roller cutter mounted on the cutterhead panel, wherein the cutterhead panel comprises a front panel, a roller cutter mounting hole extending from front to back is provided on the front panel, and the roller cutter is mounted in the roller cutter mounting hole ..., a roller cutter mounting hole, and a roller cutter mounting hole, wherein the cutterhead panel comprises a front panel, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, and a roller cutter mounting hole, wherein the cutterhead panel comprises a front panel, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller cutter mounting hole, a roller A rib plate is fixed on the rear plate surface of the front panel to strengthen the structure of the front panel. The rib plate cooperates with the front panel to divide the space on the rear side of the front panel into different open cavities with openings facing backwards. The boring machine cutter head also includes a damper installed in at least part of the open cavity. The damper is centrally installed at the edge of the cutter head. The damper includes a closed box body and damping particles filled in the box body. The shape of the box body matches the shape of the corresponding open cavity so that the corresponding open cavity can be filled with the damper. The damper is fixedly connected to the rib plate through the box body. A threaded hole is provided on the side wall of the box body, and a fixing hole corresponding to the threaded hole on the box body is provided on the rib plate of the corresponding open cavity. The box body is fixed in the corresponding open cavity by inserting screws in the fixing hole and the threaded hole. The front side wall of the box body is in contact with the front panel, and the rear side wall of the box body constitutes a sealing plate for blocking the corresponding open cavity cavity and at the same time constitutes the rear panel of the corresponding area of ​​the cutter head panel.

2. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear side walls of each damper are flush to reduce the accumulation of debris caused by the uneven back side of the cutter head panel.

3. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A particle filling hole for filling damping particles is provided on the rear side wall of the box body, and a sealing cover is fixed at the opening of the particle filling hole.

4. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The particle filling hole is opened at the edge of the rear side wall.

5. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing cover is fixed on the box body by bolts.

6. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The particle filling hole is a countersunk hole structure, and the sealing cover is installed in the particle filling hole so that the rear end surface of the sealing cover is flush with the rear wall surface of the box body.

7. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cutter disc also includes a spray head located on the back side of the cutter disc panel, and the spray head is used to spray cooling liquid onto the box body of the damper.

8. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of damping particles of different sizes in the damper ranges from 1:1 to 1:1.

5.

9. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The volume of the damping particles in the box body accounts for 70%-90% of the box body cavity.

10. A roadheader, comprising a main drive and a cutterhead driven to rotate by the main drive, characterized in that: The cutterhead is the cutterhead of any one of claims 1-9.

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