A transducer component and a coulomb cycle generator

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of power generation technology, and discloses a transducer assembly and a Coulomb cycle generator. The transducer assembly includes at least two oppositely arranged transducer elements, each of which contains at least one flexible insulating substrate and at least one set of electrodes. The two sets of electrodes of adjacent transducer elements are arranged so as not to be in direct electrical contact with each other. The Coulomb cycle generator includes at least one of the above-mentioned transducer assemblies, a charge injection source, an electric energy output circuit, and a control unit. The transducer assembly implements the energy conversion process in the Coulomb cycle. The charge injection source implements the charge injection process in the Coulomb cycle. The electric energy output circuit is used to output the electric energy converted by the transducer assembly. The control unit is used to control the charge injection source to inject charge into each set of electrodes, and to control the electric energy output circuit to output electric energy. The present invention achieves efficient energy collection by actively controlling the charge circulation process, and has the advantages of high power characteristics and high energy efficiency output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power generation, and in particular to an energy conversion component and a Coulomb cycle generator. Background Art

[0002] In the early days of the steam engine, its efficiency was very low, only about 4%. At that time, many engineers improved it from the mechanical details, hoping to improve its efficiency, but the results were not ideal. Later, the young French engineer Carnot systematically studied the work process of the heat engine from a theoretical perspective. After systematic research, he finally gave the theoretical limit efficiency of the heat engine and also pointed out the direction of heat engine improvement. After that, the efficiency of the heat engine was greatly improved. Since then, the heat engine has been in service as the main power source to this day. However, due to the environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by fossil energy, people are in urgent need of a renewable clean energy technology, such as a system that can directly collect energy from the environment.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have invented a new type of power generation device that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through triboelectric charging. However, the passive friction induction that this type of triboelectric power generation relies on generates a relatively low amount of charge, resulting in poor power performance and difficulty meeting the needs of practical applications. In order to increase the induced charge density, researchers have made some improvements to the friction layer, such as nano-modification of the surface, which can increase the induced charge exponentially, but the induced charge is still relatively small, and the nano-surface structure significantly increases the process cost on the one hand, and is also easily damaged and has poor reliability on the other. In addition, another application problem of this type of device is that the device that works by friction is extremely prone to wear.

[0004] Drawing on theoretical analysis methods from the Carnot cycle, the present invention designs a set of highly efficient Coulomb cycle power generation devices. This device achieves efficient energy harvesting by actively controlling the charge cycle process, enabling a large-scale deployment of efficient energy harvesting solutions. Through a unique operating mode design, natural energy sources such as mechanical and thermal energy can be directly converted into electrical energy through a Coulomb cycle operating method similar to a heat cycle, offering significant potential applications. While mathematical models can be well established by drawing on thermodynamic analogy analysis methods from the development of thermodynamics, significant differences in the physical processes between the two make it difficult for researchers to independently develop analogical models. Furthermore, analysis reveals that, unlike the inherent high power and low efficiency characteristics of heat engines (which have led to a significant focus on improving energy utilization efficiency), Coulomb cycle generators inherently have the characteristic of low power. Therefore, designing a suitable Coulomb cycle generator requires maximizing its power characteristics while also ensuring its energy efficiency. Therefore, designing a Coulomb cycle generator that combines high power characteristics with high energy efficiency is a significant challenge. The present invention provides a series of relatively effective design methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, a transducer assembly and a Coulomb cycle generator are provided, which achieve efficient energy collection by actively controlling the cycle process of charge, and have the advantages of high power characteristics and high energy efficiency output.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a transducer assembly, comprising at least two transducer elements arranged opposite to each other, wherein a single transducer element adopts any one of the following structural forms:

[0007] A flexible insulating substrate, with a group of electrodes provided on any one side of the flexible insulating substrate;

[0008] A flexible insulating substrate, with a group of electrodes provided on both sides of the flexible insulating substrate;

[0009] Two flexible insulating substrates, with a group of electrodes disposed between the two flexible insulating substrates;

[0010] A group of electrodes is a plurality of discrete electrodes or an integral electrode, and a plurality of discrete electrodes to a plurality of discrete electrodes or a plurality of discrete electrodes to an integral electrode are formed between two adjacent transducer elements;

[0011] Two groups of electrodes of adjacent transducer elements are arranged in a manner that no direct electrical contact is possible.

[0012] Furthermore, a single transducer element adopts a structural form in which a group of electrodes are respectively provided on both sides of a flexible insulating substrate, and the flexible insulating substrate is made of a flexible insulating material with elasticity.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical clamping sagging length of the flexible insulating substrate is not less than 5 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the weight surface density of the flexible insulating substrate on any side is less than 0.89 g / cm 2 .

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of flexible connection and fixing structures are provided between the flexible insulating substrates of two adjacent transducer elements.

[0016] Furthermore, the flexible connection and fixing structure adopts a connection and fixing line, and the length of the connection and fixing line Ln≤10 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the length L of the connecting fixed line n Horizontal extension length L of flexible insulating base F Satisfy 0.001≤L n / L F ≤0.1.

[0018] Furthermore, at least one closed transducer cavity is formed between every two adjacent transducer elements, and each of the transducer cavities contains air. The transducer cavity is deformed by external force to achieve the approach, distance, or contact of the two adjacent transducer elements.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a closed driving cavity corresponding to one transducer cavity or corresponding to multiple transducer cavities, wherein a driving liquid is provided in the driving cavity, and the volume of the driving liquid does not exceed half of the volume of the driving cavity;

[0020] The driving liquid is caused to rock back and forth in the driving cavity by external force, causing one or more corresponding transducer cavities to deform, thereby achieving the movement of some electrodes between adjacent transducer elements closer, farther away, or in contact.

[0021] The present invention further provides a Coulomb generator, the working process of which is a Coulomb cycle including at least three processes: charge injection process, energy conversion process and electric energy output process, including:

[0022] At least one of the above-mentioned energy conversion components is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy to achieve the energy conversion process in the Coulomb cycle;

[0023] A charge injection source is used to inject charge into each set of electrodes to realize the charge injection process in the Coulomb cycle, and is electrically connected to the transducer component to form a charge injection loop;

[0024] The electric energy output circuit is electrically connected to the energy conversion component and is used to output the electric energy converted by the energy conversion component to the outside;

[0025] A control unit, configured to control the charge injection source to inject charge into each group of electrodes, and to control the power output circuit to output power;

[0026] The charge injection source is controlled by the control unit to inject charge into each group of electrodes. The charge amount in the charge injection process of a single coulomb cycle is represented by Q coulomb, and the maximum injected charge amount is recorded as Q max Coulomb, the voltage during charge injection is represented by U, and the minimum voltage during charge injection is recorded as U min The distance between two adjacent transducer elements is changed by external force, which causes the voltage between the two adjacent transducer elements with charge to change. When the voltage between the two transducer elements changes to the preset value U out Or the maximum value U max When the power is on, the control unit controls the power output circuit to output power to the outside, satisfying: And the maximum charge state point Q max To the highest voltage state point U max Satisfaction during the process The unit of charge involved is coulomb, and the unit of voltage is volt.

[0027] Furthermore, the control unit includes a diode D1 and a diode D2;

[0028] The diode D1 is arranged on the charge injection loop, with its input end connected to the positive electrode of the charge injection source and its output end connected to the electrodes of the transducer component respectively;

[0029] The diode D2 is arranged on the electric energy output circuit, and its input end is connected to the electrode of the energy conversion component.

[0030] Furthermore, the control unit includes a control chip U1 and a plurality of voltage measuring devices electrically connected to the control chip U1, wherein the voltage measuring devices are electrically connected to each group of electrodes and are used to monitor the voltage change between two adjacent groups of transducer elements in real time;

[0031] The control chip U1 receives the voltage change signal between two adjacent groups of transducer elements monitored by the voltage measuring device. The voltage between the two adjacent groups of transducer elements is less than the minimum charge injection voltage U min When the charge injection source is controlled to inject charge into the transducer element, the charge reaches the preset value U out Or the maximum value U max When the power output circuit is controlled, the power output circuit outputs power.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0033] The present invention achieves efficient energy collection by actively controlling the charge circulation process, and has the advantages of high power characteristics and high energy efficiency output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the transducer element 1 with an electrode 3 provided on one side of a flexible insulating substrate 2.

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the transducer element 1 with electrodes 3 on both sides of the flexible insulating substrate 2.

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the transducer element 1 with electrodes 3 provided between two flexible insulating substrates 2.

[0038] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the structure of a transducer assembly with multiple discrete electrodes to multiple discrete electrodes.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transducer component with multiple discrete electrodes to an overall monopole.

[0040] Figure 6 For Figure 1 Based on the structure diagram of the transducer element 1 with an insulating coating on the outer surface of the electrode 3,

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an open transducer component with one end fixed.

[0042] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the vertical clamping free droop length test of the flexible insulating substrate 2.

[0043] Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of a transducer assembly provided with a connecting fixing structure 5.

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power generation flag.

[0045] Figure 11 It is a structural diagram of a closed transducer component.

[0046] Figure 12 It is a structural diagram of a closed transducer assembly in which one driving cavity 9 corresponds to one transducer cavity 8.

[0047] Figure 13 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the deformation of the transducer cavity 8 of the transducer assembly,

[0048] Figure 14 It is a structural diagram of a closed transducer assembly in which one driving cavity 9 corresponds to multiple transducer cavities 8.

[0049] Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of ∫QdU,

[0050] Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of ∫UdQ,

[0051] Figure 17 The schematic diagram of a Coulomb cycle generator using a unidirectional diode for charge injection and power output;

[0052] Figure 18 This is the schematic diagram of the Coulomb cycle generator that uses the control chip U1 for charge injection and power output.

[0053] Figure 19 is the UQ schematic diagram of the rectangular Coulomb cycle,

[0054] Figure 20 It is the UQ schematic diagram of the triangular Coulomb cycle.

[0055] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0056] Transducer element 1, flexible insulating substrate 2, electrode 3, insulating coating 4, connecting and fixing structure 5, flagpole 6, flag 7, transducer cavity 8, driving cavity 9, driving liquid 10, charge injection source 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory and should not have any limiting effect on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0059] It should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" and the like indicate positions or locations based on the positions shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or locations in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "overhanging" do not necessarily imply that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0062] Please refer to Figures 1 to 20The present invention provides a transducer assembly, comprising at least two transducer elements 1 arranged opposite to each other, wherein a single transducer element 1 adopts any one of the following structural forms:

[0063] like Figure 1 , comprising a flexible insulating substrate 2, with a group of electrodes 3 provided on any one side of the flexible insulating substrate 2;

[0064] like Figure 2 , comprising a flexible insulating substrate 2, with a group of electrodes 3 provided on both sides of the flexible insulating substrate 2;

[0065] like Figure 3 , comprising two flexible insulating substrates 2, with a group of electrodes 3 provided between the two flexible insulating substrates 2;

[0066] Among them, Figure 2 When a single transducer element 1 adopts a structure in which a group of electrodes 3 are respectively provided on both sides of a flexible insulating substrate 2, it is preferred that the flexible insulating substrate 2 is made of an elastic flexible insulating material. In this way, the structure in which a group of electrodes 3 are respectively provided on both sides of the elastic flexible insulating substrate 2 forms a flexible capacitor. The thickness of the elastic flexible insulating substrate 2 is changed by an external force, thereby changing the distance between the electrodes 3 located on both sides of the elastic flexible insulating substrate 2 to achieve a change in capacitance. The elastic insulating material is preferably rubber, polyurethane, silicone foam, etc.

[0067] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 The above-mentioned set of electrodes is a plurality of discrete electrodes or an integral electrode, and a plurality of discrete electrode pairs or a plurality of discrete electrode pairs of an integral electrode are formed between two adjacent transducer elements 1;

[0068] The multiple transducer elements 1 included in the transducer assembly can be any one or a combination of the above forms. However, the two groups of electrodes 3 of adjacent transducer elements 1 are set to be in a non-direct electrical contact form. Specifically, the two groups of electrodes 3 of adjacent transducer elements 1 can be separated by an insulating layer to achieve non-direct electrical contact between the two groups of electrodes 3. For example, the two groups of electrodes 3 of adjacent transducer elements 1 are separated by one or two layers of flexible insulating substrates 2, and the insulating layer is formed by the above-mentioned one or two layers of flexible insulating substrates 2, or as Figure 6 , an insulating coating 4 is provided on the outer surface of each electrode 3, so that when the two transducer elements 1 are in contact, the electrode 3 is in contact with either the flexible insulating substrate 2 or the insulating coating 4 on the outer surface of the electrode 3;

[0069] In actual application, such as Figure 7, an open form can be adopted in which one end of the multi-faceted flexible insulating substrate 2 is fixed and the other end is free. The flexible insulating substrate 2 itself is flexible. External force (here the external force can be natural wind or human factors) can cause multiple transducer components to be disturbed, so that adjacent transducer elements 1 can be brought closer, farther away, in contact, or rubbed against each other. Specifically, there are two working modes: passive and active.

[0070] Passive:

[0071] In this working mode, it is necessary to induce charging by contact or friction so that the electrode 3 on the flexible insulating substrate 2 is charged with induced charge, and the transducer component is disturbed. If the electrode 3 is in contact or friction with the flexible insulating substrate 2 or other forms of insulating layer between adjacent transducer elements 1, because they are made of different electronegative materials, charge transfer will occur and they will be charged; but if the flexible insulating substrate 2 is in contact or friction with the flexible insulating substrate 2, the materials of the two adjacent contact surfaces cannot be the same in order to achieve contact or friction charging, which requires that the materials of the two adjacent flexible insulating substrates 2 cannot be the same. If the two adjacent transducer elements 1 are When the flexible insulating substrate 2 and the insulating coating 4 on the electrode 3 are in contact or rubbed, the adjacent flexible insulating substrates 2 and insulating coatings 4 cannot be made of the same material, or a charging coating of a different material must be provided on one side. If the insulating coatings 4 of the electrodes 3 of two adjacent transducer elements 1 are in contact or rubbed against each other, the insulating coatings 4 on the two adjacent sets of electrodes 3 cannot be made of the same material. In short, if a passive method is used, the two adjacent contact surfaces must be made of materials with different electronegativity to generate electricity. If the two contact surfaces are made of the same material, a charge injection source must be introduced to change the operating mode.

[0072] Active:

[0073] The passive mode uses the working principle of a conventional friction generator. Although it is very simple, the amount of induced charge generated is very small, and the power output (power performance) of a single movement is very limited. Moreover, the friction-induced charge can only be maintained for a period of time. If it is left stationary for a long time, the friction charge will gradually disappear. Therefore, the present invention proposes an active working mode, which controls the charge injection and transfer process between the electrodes 3 with the assistance of an external circuit, so that charge injection is performed at the optimal time to achieve the purpose of injecting more charge, and then outputs electrical energy at the optimal time (the moment when mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy the most), outputting more electricity more efficiently at one time. Specifically, in the initial state, charge is first actively injected into the electrode 3 of each transducer element 1 to make it charged, and the transducer assembly is disturbed, causing the two adjacent transducer elements 1 to move closer or farther away. As the two adjacent transducer elements 1 move away from each other, the voltage between the two adjacent sets of electrodes 3 increases. When it reaches an extreme value (maximum value), electrical energy is output. When the two transducer elements 1 approach each other to a predetermined distance, charge is injected again, and the cycle continues. This active operating mode can significantly increase the device's power output, enabling it to achieve several or even dozens of times greater power output (compared to friction-induced power generation) under the same conditions. Furthermore, the active mode has no restrictions on the materials of the two adjacent contact surfaces; they can be the same or different, reducing material and manufacturing costs. It also makes assembly less prone to errors and improves product yield.

[0074] The open transducer assembly using a flexible insulating substrate 2 made of a flexible material requires external drive to perform a wave-like back-and-forth disturbing motion in specific applications. Organic films, textiles, and other materials are generally relatively good flexible materials, but the flexibility of different materials (or different thicknesses) varies greatly. Even for the same organic film, the use of different additives during the processing process can have a significant impact on the hardness and flexibility. It can even appear completely hard or extremely soft in form and easily twist and twist, making it unsuitable for use as a flexible insulating substrate 2. Analysis has found that when the vertical clamping free sag length is ≥5 cm, the flexible insulating substrate 2 can well meet the working requirements. Specifically:

[0075] When the vertical clamping free droop length is ≥15cm, it can have relatively good coupling performance under strong external driving (such as strong wind disturbance in nature);

[0076] When the vertical clamping free droop length is ≥20cm, the coupling performance can be better under strong external driving (such as natural breeze disturbance);

[0077] When designing, it is preferred that the vertical clamping free droop length is ≤29cm, which can greatly reduce the occurrence of winding and twisting during operation; it is preferred that the vertical clamping free droop length is ≤28cm, which can basically avoid the occurrence of winding and twisting during operation;

[0078] like Figure 8 , vertical clamping free droop length test method:

[0079] Take a narrow strip of 30±1cm in length and 5±1cm in width, glue one end to a vertical wall, and bend the other end 180° to let it droop freely. The junction of the fixed part and the unfixed part of the bonding end is defined as the bonding endpoint height line, and the drooping endpoint is defined as the drooping endpoint height line. The height difference between the two is defined as the vertical clamping droop length. Select at least 5 samples for testing during the test and take the average value;

[0080] Furthermore, if the weight surface density of the flexible insulating substrate 2 is too heavy or unevenly distributed, the swing effect of the flexible insulating substrate 2 under external force will be relatively poor, which is not conducive to energy collection. Therefore, a relatively appropriate surface density is required during design. Studies have found that when the weight surface density of any side of the flexible insulating substrate is less than 0.89 g / cm 2 When , the swing effect of the flexible insulating substrate 2 is ideal;

[0081] In actual testing, the surface density of the flexible insulating substrate 2 is 0.01 g / cm 2 、 0.023g / cm 2 , 0.12g / cm 2 , 0.3g / cm 2 , 0.6g / cm 2 and 0.87g / cm 2 Under the condition of 0.12g / cm 2 The output performance is optimal when the surface density increases to 1.5g / cm 2 When the surface density is 0.87g / cm 2 20%, the efficiency is greatly reduced, far from the optimal working state, so the surface density of the flexible insulating substrate 2 is preferably 0.002 to 0.89 g / cm2;

[0082] Gravimetric areal density characterization method:

[0083] Cut off five pieces from the four corners and the middle of the flexible insulating substrate 2, with the area of ​​each piece not less than 1 / 10 of the area of ​​the flexible insulating substrate 2, and then weigh the total weight and divide it by the total area of ​​the five pieces to obtain the weight surface density;

[0084] like Figure 9 In order to make the relative movement between adjacent flexible insulating substrates 2 more controlled, improve energy conversion efficiency, and avoid excessive invalid jitter, a plurality of flexible connecting and fixing structures 5 are provided between the flexible insulating substrates 2 of two adjacent transducer elements 1. The flexible connecting and fixing structures are preferably connecting and fixing wires. Considering that if the flexible connecting and fixing structures 5 are too long, the restraining effect of the two adjacent flexible insulating substrates 2 will be weakened, resulting in poor effect. To prevent the relative movement range between the flexible insulating substrates 2 from being too large, the length of the connecting and fixing wires Ln is ≤ 10 cm.

[0085] In addition, the flexible fixed connection structure can also directly bond the two transducer elements together by gluing, sewing, etc., or even form a cavity that is bonded (connected) together on all sides;

[0086] Due to the different sizes of the flexible insulating base 2, the states thereof during the movement process are extremely different. For example, when the flexible insulating base 2 is small, the movement range can be constrained within a very small range to achieve a relatively good working effect. However, if the flexible insulating base 2 is relatively large, it is necessary to adjust the constraints between the flexible insulating bases 2 to a certain extent. It cannot be too small or too large, otherwise it will seriously affect the working efficiency. Therefore, the length L of the connecting fixing structure 5 is n Horizontal extension length L of flexible insulating base F The range must be 0.001≤L n / L F ≤0.1, the overall effect is good;

[0087] The following is a further description of the open energy conversion component using a flexible power generation flag, but it is not a limitation of the present invention. Figure 10 Specifically, it includes a flagpole 6 and at least two flags 7 with flexible insulating substrates 2 arranged opposite to each other. Each flag 7 is provided with a group of electrodes 3 electrically connected to an external circuit. The material of the flag 7 can be a nylon film, cloth or other common flexible materials. The electrode 3 is a strip-shaped aluminum electrode, a copper electrode, a carbon electrode or any other common electrode. One end of the flag 7 is fixed to the flagpole 6 and the other end is free. The electrode group on a single flag 7 can be arranged in parallel, which can reduce the complexity of the circuit connection. For electrode group units arranged in a row, the movement of adjacent units may be relatively consistent. It is also possible to connect adjacent electrode group units in parallel and use them as a combined unit.

[0088] The flags 7 can achieve a disturbance effect through natural wind. When the flags 7 are disturbed, the two sets of electrodes 3 on two adjacent flags 7 cannot directly contact each other. Specifically, they can be separated by an insulating layer such as a layer of flags 7, or two layers of flags 7, or an insulating coating provided on the outer surface of the electrode 3, or an electrifying layer provided on the surface of the flags 7.

[0089] When the flags 7 are disturbed, contact or friction occurs between adjacent flags 7, causing the contact surface to become charged. Then, as the relative distance between adjacent flags 7 changes, the voltage between two adjacent sets of electrodes 3 continues to change (the charge on the contact surface is transferred to the corresponding electrode 3 as the relative distance between adjacent flags 7 increases, generating voltage). When the voltage between two adjacent sets of electrodes 3 reaches a maximum value, it can be output to the external circuit, realizing the conversion of the disturbance mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0090] If the electronegativity of two adjacent contact surfaces is the same, they cannot be electrified during contact or friction. In this case, a charge injection source needs to be introduced to inject charge into the electrodes to change the above-mentioned passive type into an active type. An electrical circuit is formed by electrically connecting each group of electrodes 3 to the charge injection source. When the voltage between the two adjacent groups of electrodes 3 is less than the voltage of the charge injection source, charge is injected. Then, the flag 7 changes the distance between the two adjacent groups of electrodes 3 through disturbance. As the distance increases, the voltage between the two adjacent groups of electrodes 3 increases. When it reaches a preset value or an extreme value, electrical energy is output to the external circuit, thereby realizing the conversion of disturbed mechanical energy into electrical energy. It should be noted that during the operation of the active type, the voltage between the two adjacent groups of electrodes 3 should be monitored in real time by a conventional voltage monitoring device.

[0091] In actual application, a fluorescent stick can also be designed based on the principle and model of the above-mentioned flexible power generation flag. Specifically, the fluorescent stick is equipped with a light-emitting diode inside and two flags are set on the upper end. The flags are respectively provided with two groups of aluminum electrodes electrically connected to the light-emitting diodes. When the user shakes the fluorescent stick, the light-emitting diodes can be lit up to emit flashing light through frictional power generation. It can also be made active in conjunction with a control circuit, in which case the power output capacity is stronger.

[0092] The above-mentioned open type transducer assembly is only one form thereof, and the transducer assembly can also be set to be closed type, such as Figure 11 At least one closed transducer cavity 8 is formed between each two adjacent transducer elements 1. Each transducer cavity 8 contains air. The transducer cavity is deformed by external force to achieve the approach, distance, or contact of the two adjacent transducer elements 1. Although the structure is different, the principle is basically similar to the open principle mentioned above. The only difference is that the external force that realizes the deformation of the closed transducer component is different from the external force that realizes the disturbance of the open type.

[0093] Specifically, a power bubble film is used as an example for description. It includes a closed transducer cavity 8 formed by two layers of flexible film. A set of electrodes 3 is provided on each of the single layers of film, and the two sets of electrodes 3 are arranged so as not to directly electrically contact each other. The transducer cavity 8 of the power bubble film is mechanically deformed and moved by pressing, stepping on, or rainwater erosion, thereby achieving active or passive conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, similar to the above-mentioned power generation flag.

[0094] The above-mentioned electric bubble film may also include multiple closed cavities, such as forming an array, and the electrodes corresponding to each cavity may be arranged in one or more groups;

[0095] The flexible insulating substrate 2 of the power generation flag and the power generation bubble film is preferably made of a transparent material, which does not affect the light transmission. At the same time, solar cells can be added to further improve the energy collection efficiency.

[0096] In order to further broaden the application, a driving cavity 9 can also be provided to realize the deformation of the transducer cavity 8. The driving cavity 9 can be provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the transducer cavity 8. A single transducer cavity 8 is used for illustration. Specifically, Figure 12 and Figure 13 A closed driving chamber 9 is provided above the transducing chamber 8. A driving liquid 10 is provided in the driving chamber 9. The volume of the driving liquid 10 does not exceed half of the volume of the driving chamber 9. The driving liquid 10 can be water or other harmless liquids.

[0097] The driving liquid 10 is caused to rock back and forth in the driving cavity 9 by an external force, causing the transducer cavity 8 to deform, so that the electrodes 3 between the two transducer elements 1 forming the transducer cavity 8 are brought closer, farther away, or in contact, thereby realizing the process of actively or passively converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0098] Based on the above transducer assembly in which one driving cavity 9 corresponds to one transducer cavity 8, it can also be configured such that multiple transducer cavities 8 share one driving cavity 9, such as Figure 14 , through a common driving cavity 9, multiple transducer cavities 8 can be driven to deform simultaneously, thereby realizing the above-mentioned transducing process;

[0099] If there is too much driving liquid 10 in the driving cavity 9, its space for wandering back and forth will be restricted, and the overall weight will also increase significantly, causing a lot of inconvenience; if there is too little, the driving effect will be deteriorated and the energy collection efficiency will be reduced. It is preferred that the driving liquid 10 accounts for 8% to 30% of the volume of the driving cavity 9. Under the condition of relatively light weight, relatively excellent output performance can be obtained. Since the driving cavity 9 itself is flexible, the volume here refers to the maximum volume for design.

[0100] The present invention further provides a Coulomb generator, whose working process is a Coulomb cycle including at least three processes: charge injection process, energy conversion process and power output process. The generator includes at least one energy conversion component, a charge injection source 11, a power output circuit and a control unit, wherein:

[0101] The energy conversion component adopts the above-mentioned open or closed energy conversion component to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, realizing the energy conversion process in the Coulomb cycle;

[0102] The charge injection source 11 is the same as the charge injection source introduced by the above-mentioned active transducer component, and is used to inject charge into each group of electrodes 3 to realize the charge injection process in the Coulomb cycle. It is electrically connected to the transducer component to form a charge injection loop. The more common charge injection source 11 is a DC power supply.

[0103] The electric energy output circuit is electrically connected to the energy conversion component and is used to output the electric energy converted by the energy conversion component to the outside;

[0104] The control unit is used to control the charge injection source 11 to inject charge into each group of electrodes 3, and to control the power output circuit to output power to the outside;

[0105] The control unit controls the charge injection source 11 to inject charge into each group of transducer elements 1. The charge amount during the charge injection process of a single Coulomb cycle is represented by Q, and the maximum injected charge amount is Q. max The voltage during the charge injection process is represented by U, and the minimum voltage during the charge injection process is represented by U min The distance between two adjacent groups of transducer elements 1 changes through external force, causing the voltage between the two groups to change. When the voltage between the two groups of transducer elements 1 changes to a preset value U out Or the maximum value U max When the power is on, the control unit controls the power output circuit to output power. The design needs to meet the following requirements: And the maximum charge state point Q max To the highest voltage state point U max Satisfaction during the process The unit of charge mentioned above is coulomb, and the unit of voltage is volt.

[0106] It should be noted that the charge amount Q in the charge injection process of the above-mentioned single Coulomb cycle is variable. At the end of the charge injection process, the final injected charge amount is the maximum injected charge amount Q. max ;same,

[0107] The voltage between adjacent transducer elements 1 during the charge injection process is also variable, and the starting voltage of the charge injection is the minimum voltage U. minWhen the distance between two adjacent groups of transducer elements 1 changes, the voltage also changes, and the maximum voltage is U max ; In actual design, only at the highest voltage state point U max Outputting electrical energy can ensure maximum output;

[0108] Except for the minimum value denoted as U min In addition to injecting charge at specific times, it can also be configured to inject charge at voltage minimums. In actual operation, external disturbances or other forms of drive are not always regular, so the energy converted by each disturbance is not constant. To maximize the utilization of the mechanical energy of the disturbance, the Coulomb cycle process needs to be tailored to the characteristics of the disturbance. For example, during the energy conversion process, when the voltage reaches its maximum value (when the time derivative of the voltage decreases to 0), the control system outputs electrical energy. During the energy output process, when the voltage decreases to its minimum value (when the time derivative of the voltage increases to 0), the control system injects charge. This cycle maximizes energy conversion. Of course, there will be some timing error at the voltage maximum or maximum in actual control, but as long as the time error is less than 1 / 10 of the total cycle time, relatively high energy conversion can be achieved. To further improve single-shot power and energy performance, the control system can be optimized to keep the time error less than 1 / 20 of the total cycle time.

[0109] To better analyze the operating characteristics of Coulomb cycle generators, we draw on thermodynamic analysis techniques. In thermodynamics, the PV diagram of a thermal cycle is often used to analyze the energy efficiency of a cycle. For example, the Carnot cycle is an ideal thermal cycle model implemented through two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes. Using the equation of state PV = nRT, the heat capacity relationship E = nCT, and the adiabatic equation, the energy transfer of each subprocess can be decomposed. Similarly, the UQ diagram analysis method is introduced here. The equation UQ = kE (usually k = 0.5) is introduced in the UQ diagram to describe the electrical energy at each point in the UQ diagram, allowing analysis of the energy transfer of any process. It should be noted that during the design process of the Coulomb cycle, it is necessary to maximize its power characteristics, not just focus on its energy characteristics. Typically, the time required for a single Coulomb cycle cycle is determined by the external environment and cannot be manually controlled. Therefore, the only way to improve the power characteristics is to increase the energy output of a single cycle.

[0110] A more effective and intuitive design method is to control the voltage of the charge injection process and the output voltage of the power output. Theoretical analysis shows that the minimum value of the charge input voltage U min With the charge output voltage U outWhen the ratio of the maximum value of is less than 0.5, better power characteristics can be obtained. Further analysis shows that by controlling the maximum charge state point Q max To the highest voltage state point U max Variables in the process It is a more general and effective means to adjust the power characteristics. Theoretical analysis shows that when Regardless of the specific cycle process, it can show very excellent power performance. It does not have a very precise physical meaning, but it can be used as a rule for power design to help develop high-performance Coulomb cycle generators. In geometric terms, Figure 15 , ∫QdU is the maximum charge state point Q max To the highest voltage state point U max The area enclosed by the process curve and the U axis is as follows: Figure 16 , ∫UdQ maximum charge state point Q max To the highest voltage state point U max The area enclosed by the process curve and the Q axis.

[0111] For example, to make a self-powered glow stick, use a flagpole + two power-generating flags as the power supply unit, the charge injection source is a button battery with a voltage of 1.5V, and the total area of ​​the power-generating flags is 15x10cm 2 There are 10 stripes on the flag with an area of ​​9.6x1.2cm. 2 The length direction of the electrode is parallel to the short side of the flag. The power output circuit is connected in series with 5 0.06W LEDs as light-emitting elements. A single-chip microcomputer is used as the control element. The cycle process is controlled by controlling the output voltage / current value to achieve different We created multiple sets of values ​​and distributed them to users for actual evaluation. The test found that:

[0112] when When the luminous performance (power performance) user feedback evaluation is greater than 60 points;

[0113] when When user feedback rating is > 70 points;

[0114] when When user feedback rating is > 75 points;

[0115] when When user feedback rating is > 80 points;

[0116] And when When user feedback rating is less than 60 points;

[0117] In summary, the preferred Only then does the power performance have practical significance;

[0118] In order to further meet user needs, you can also choose

[0119] also, There is a monotonic relationship between power performance and the power demand. The higher the better.

[0120] The control unit can be implemented in various forms. For example, a simple method of using a diode to conduct in one direction can achieve control. Figure 17 , the control unit includes a diode D1 and a diode D2;

[0121] The diode D1 is provided on the charge injection circuit, with its input end connected to the positive electrode of the charge injection source 11, and its output end connected to the transducer assembly. When the voltage between two adjacent groups of transducer elements 1 connected to the diode D1 is less than the voltage of the charge injection source 11, the current direction in the diode D1 is from the input end to the output end. At this time, D1 is turned on, and the charge injection circuit is turned on, and the charge injection source 11 injects charge. Conversely, when the voltage between two adjacent groups of transducer elements 1 connected to the diode D1 is greater than the voltage of the charge injection source 11, the current direction in the diode D1 is from the output end to the input end, and therefore D1 is not turned on.

[0122] The diode D2 is provided on the electric energy output circuit, and its input end is connected to the energy conversion component. When the voltage between two adjacent groups of energy conversion elements 1 connected to the diode D2 is lower than the voltage of the charge injection source, the current direction in the diode D2 is from the output end to the input end, D2 is not conducting, and the electric energy output circuit is not conducting. Conversely, when the voltage between two adjacent groups of energy conversion elements 1 connected to the diode D2 is higher than the voltage of the charge injection source, the current direction in the diode D2 is from the input end to the output end, D2 is conducting, and the electric energy output circuit is conducting and outputting electric energy.

[0123] Using a diode for unidirectional conduction is a relatively simple method, but it cannot maximize the power output. Therefore, other methods can be used to more accurately control the working status of the two circuits. Figure 18, including the control chip U1 and the control chip U1 The electrically connected voltage measuring device is electrically connected to each group of transducer elements 1. The voltage measuring device can collect the voltage signal at both ends of the transducer element 1 in real time through the voltage measuring device and output it to the control chip U1 of the control unit. The control chip U1 controls the state of the two circuits according to the voltage change, such as setting a maximum voltage and a minimum voltage. When the voltage reaches the minimum value (such as after the completion of the power output, the distance between the two groups of electrodes is getting closer and closer, the voltage will decrease. When it drops to the preset minimum value, the charge is injected. At this time, the capacitance is increasing, the charge is also continuously injected, and the voltage can be maintained near a constant value), the control chip U1 connects the charge injection circuit and disconnects the power output circuit to charge the transducer unit; when the voltage reaches the maximum value, the control chip U1 disconnects the charge injection circuit and connects the power output circuit to output power to the outside (when the distance between the two groups of electrodes is getting farther and farther, the voltage will increase. When it rises to the preset maximum value, the power is output. At this time, the capacitance is decreasing, the charge is also continuously output, and the voltage can be maintained near a constant value), thereby realizing energy conversion; in this way, the UQ diagram is a rectangular Coulomb cycle, as shown Figure 19 ;

[0124] Alternatively, control can be performed based on the time differential signal of the voltage change: when the time differential signal of the voltage increases to 0 (the voltage reaches its minimum value), the control chip U1 connects the charge injection circuit and disconnects the power output circuit; when the time differential signal of the voltage decreases to 0 (the voltage reaches its maximum value), the control chip U1 disconnects the charge injection circuit and connects the power output circuit, which can also achieve precise control.

[0125] In practice, precise control to a perfectly accurate moment is impossible. In practical applications, even if the control point deviates from the extreme or minimum value within a certain range, relatively good control effects can be achieved. The optimal control time deviation is less than 0.06 seconds, which achieves the accuracy of common controllers while also ensuring excellent output performance. Furthermore, to better control system over-operation, unidirectional conductive elements, such as diodes, can be added to appropriate locations in the circuit.

[0126] In practical applications, other forms of Coulomb cycles can also be designed, and as long as they meet the design rules of the present invention, better power and energy performance can be achieved. Figure 20 This is the UQ diagram of the triangular Coulomb cycle. This mode corresponds to the constant voltage injection of charge, and then the charge injection circuit is disconnected. In the process of the transducer element converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, the voltage continues to rise. When it rises to a certain value, the output circuit is connected and electrical work is output to the outside. In this mode, It is infinite and has excellent power performance.

[0127] The energy conversion component of the present invention can also be integrated into various scenarios such as flags, carpets, clothing, desktops, floating blankets on water, etc. to collect energy.

[0128] The charge unit can use electric energy elements such as batteries or capacitors, the control unit can use a single-chip microcomputer, and the voltage acquisition unit can use a voltmeter with a communication interface. These are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail.

[0129] One thing to note is that in actual situations, U min It can be set to a fixed value or a non-fixed value. When set to a fixed value, charge injection begins when the set threshold is reached in each cycle. In addition, it can also be set to a dynamically adjusted value based on actual conditions. For example, when a battery or capacitor is used as the charge injection source, the voltage value of the battery or capacitor can be used as the set value. In this way, charge injection begins when the voltage between the corresponding electrodes on the two transducer elements is less than the voltage of the battery or capacitor. At this time, since the voltage of the battery or capacitor itself has a certain range of variation, the set value can be considered to be a dynamically changing value rather than a fixed threshold.

[0130] The control unit may be implemented using a single chip microcomputer, a transistor, a field effect transistor, a switching transistor, a switching circuit, or other analog circuits (such as a differential circuit) or a digital circuit.

[0131] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Coulomb cycle generator, characterized in that: Its working process is a Coulomb cycle that includes at least three processes: charge injection process, energy conversion process and power output process, including: At least one energy conversion component, used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy to realize the energy conversion process in the Coulomb cycle; A charge injection source is used to inject charge into each set of electrodes to realize the charge injection process in the Coulomb cycle, and is electrically connected to the transducer component to form a charge injection loop; The electric energy output circuit is electrically connected to the energy conversion component and is used to output the electric energy converted by the energy conversion component to the outside to realize the electric energy output process in the Coulomb cycle; A control unit, configured to control the charge injection source to inject charge into each group of electrodes, and to control the power output circuit to output power; The charge injection source is controlled by the control unit to inject charge into each set of electrodes. The charge amount in the charge injection process of a single Coulomb cycle is represented by Q, and the maximum injected charge amount is recorded as The voltage during the charge injection process is represented by U, and the minimum voltage during the charge injection process is recorded as The distance between two adjacent transducer elements is changed by external force, which causes the voltage between the two adjacent transducer elements with charge to change. When the voltage between the two transducer elements changes to a preset value, or maximum value When the power is on, the control unit controls the power output circuit to output power to the outside, satisfying: <0.5, and the charge maximum state point To the highest voltage state point Satisfaction during the process , where the units of charge involved are coulombs and the units of voltage are volts; where: The transducer assembly includes at least two transducer elements arranged opposite to each other, and a single transducer element adopts any one of the following structural forms: A flexible insulating substrate, with a group of electrodes provided on any one side of the flexible insulating substrate; A flexible insulating substrate, with a group of electrodes provided on both sides of the flexible insulating substrate; Two flexible insulating substrates, with a group of electrodes disposed between the two flexible insulating substrates; A group of electrodes is a plurality of discrete electrodes or an integral electrode, and a plurality of discrete electrodes to a plurality of discrete electrodes or a plurality of discrete electrodes to an integral electrode are formed between two adjacent transducer elements; Two groups of electrodes of adjacent transducer elements are arranged in a manner that no direct electrical contact is possible.

2. A Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A single transducer element adopts a structural form in which a group of electrodes are respectively provided on both sides of a flexible insulating substrate, and the flexible insulating substrate is made of an elastic flexible insulating material.

3. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical clamping sagging length of the flexible insulating base is not less than 5 cm.

4. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight area density of the flexible insulating substrate on any side is less than 0.89 .

5. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of flexible connection and fixing structures are arranged between the flexible insulating substrates of two adjacent transducer elements.

6. The energy conversion component of a Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible connection and fixing structure adopts a connection and fixing line, and the length of the connection and fixing line Ln is less than or equal to 10 cm.

7. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Length of connection fixed line Horizontal extension length with flexible insulating base Satisfy 0.001≤ / ≤0.

1.

8. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one closed transducer cavity is formed between every two adjacent transducer elements. Gas is contained in each of the transducer cavities. The transducer cavity is deformed by external force to achieve the approach, distance, or contact of the two adjacent transducer elements.

9. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a closed driving cavity corresponding to one transducer cavity or corresponding to multiple transducer cavities, wherein a driving liquid is provided in the driving cavity, and the volume of the driving liquid does not exceed half of the volume of the driving cavity; The driving liquid is caused to rock back and forth in the driving cavity by external force, causing one or more corresponding transducer cavities to deform, thereby achieving the movement of some electrodes between adjacent transducer elements closer, farther away, or in contact.

10. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit includes a diode D1 and a diode D2; The diode D1 is arranged on the charge injection loop, with its input end connected to the positive electrode of the charge injection source and its output end connected to the electrodes of the transducer component respectively; The diode D2 is arranged on the electric energy output circuit, and its input end is connected to the electrode of the energy conversion component.

11. The Coulomb cycle generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit includes a control chip U1 and a plurality of voltage measuring devices electrically connected to the control chip U1, wherein the voltage measuring devices are electrically connected to each group of electrodes and are used to monitor the voltage change between two adjacent groups of transducer elements in real time; The control chip U1 receives the voltage change signal between two adjacent groups of transducer elements monitored by the voltage measuring device. The voltage between the two adjacent groups of transducer elements is less than the minimum charge injection voltage. When the charge injection source is controlled to inject charge into the transducer element, the charge reaches the preset value. or maximum value When the power output circuit is controlled, the power output circuit outputs power.

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