Mixing and kneading device

Abstract

The invention relates to a kneading device (10), comprising: a container (22) which forms a receiving space (24) for a product mass, a shaft (16) which is at least partially received in the container (22) and is configured to rotate about its longitudinal axis (L), and at least one kneading tool (38) which is coupled to the shaft (16) for co-rotation, so that the kneading tool (38) moves along a circumferential path (58) in a first circumferential direction (U1) during a kneading operation of the kneading device (10), wherein The kneading tool (38) comprises an active surface (52) facing the inner wall of the container (22), the active surface being configured so that, viewed against a first circumferential direction (U1), a radial gap (S) between the inner wall of the container and the active surface (52) is at least partially reduced, wherein the container (22) has an air inlet (72), the air inlet comprising a conveying channel configured to convey air substantially tangentially to the first circumferential direction (U1) and / or the circumferential path of the kneading tool (38) and / or the inner wall of the container (22).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application "A mixing and kneading apparatus and method for mixing and kneading product dough" (application date: February 21, 2018, application number: 201880013211.5). Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to a mixing and kneading apparatus for mixing and kneading product batches. Background Art

[0003] A mixing and kneading apparatus (also known as a mixing and kneading machine) is a device used to process food product masses, particularly in chocolate manufacturing. With this apparatus, raw materials, such as cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, and / or milk powder, are mixed and processed under extrusion and / or shear forces in a manner known to those skilled in the art. The latter is often referred to as mixing and kneading and is particularly used to remove moisture and substances with undesirable properties, such as acetic acid or aldehydes.

[0004] Mixing and kneading is a crucial process step that largely determines the quality and flavor of the final product. Additionally, it involves time-sensitive processes characterized by correspondingly high energy requirements.

[0005] It has been shown that the desired product quality cannot always be achieved using known devices and methods, especially when high efficiency and energy saving are required. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a mixing and kneading apparatus for mixing and kneading product dough, which can achieve high product quality with better efficiency.

[0007] The mixing and kneading apparatus according to the invention includes a container that forms a receiving space for a product mass. The container may be configured to be closed or at least partially open. In other words, the receiving space may substantially completely surround the product mass. However, this receiving space and / or container may also be at least partially interrupted and opened via a conveying channel or opening.

[0008] The containment space may be surrounded by the container's inner walls and / or its inner cross-section. The container's inner walls and the containment space may also be heated or cooled, for example, via channels and / or pipes arranged in the container walls, through which heated fluid is guided. The container may have a substantially the same shape as the containment space. In other words, the configuration of the container's outer cross-section may substantially correspond to the configuration of its inner cross-section, at least along most of its axial length, where the latter forms the containment space.

[0009] Product groups may include at least one of the following additives: cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, milk powder, and fat. They typically involve fat-based product groups used in the manufacture of confectionery, particularly chocolate.

[0010] According to the invention, the mixing and kneading apparatus further includes a shaft at least partially housed in a container, the shaft being configured to rotate about its longitudinal axis. The shaft may also extend at least partially through a receiving space. In one embodiment, the shaft extends substantially centrally through the container and / or receiving space, and particularly the container and / or receiving space extends substantially rotationally symmetrically about the shaft. Instead of rotational symmetry, this can be achieved through partial openings or conveying channels in the container and / or receiving space.

[0011] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or clearly different, the terms "axial" and "radial" refer to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the longitudinal axis of the shaft is generally arranged to correspond to a horizontal line in space, such that radial extension may refer to the vertical direction in space. The terms "above" and "below" may refer to a position vertically above or below the longitudinal axis of the shaft or a horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis. For example, a position below the longitudinal axis of the shaft may refer to a position between the longitudinal axis of the shaft and the ground area surrounding the mixing and kneading apparatus.

[0012] The shaft can be substantially constructed in a cylindrical and / or elongated shape. The shaft can also extend from one end of the container or containing space to the opposite end and can also optionally be supported on both sides within the device.

[0013] The mixing and kneading apparatus also includes at least one mixing and kneading tool, which is coupled to the shaft for mutual rotation, such that during the mixing and kneading operation of the apparatus, the mixing and kneading tool moves along a circumferential track in a first circumferential direction. In other words, the mixing and kneading operation of the apparatus is characterized by a predetermined rotational direction of the shaft and a predetermined circumferential direction of the mixing and kneading tool. The circumferential direction of the mixing and kneading tool may particularly relate to the circumferential direction of its working surface, as described below. As described below, an output operation of the apparatus for discharging product masses from a receiving space may also be provided. During this output operation, the shaft may rotate in the opposite direction of rotation of the mixing and kneading operation, and thus the mixing and kneading tool moves along a circumferential track in a second circumferential direction opposite to the first circumferential direction.

[0014] The circular path along which the mixing and kneading tool moves can extend concentrically and particularly circularly around the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The mixing and kneading tool may also include a positioning section and an action surface. The positioning section may extend substantially radially from the shaft, and the action surface is arranged with a desired orientation and / or desired spacing relative to the inner wall of the container. The action surface may also extend at an angle relative to the positioning section. Specifically, according to the invention, the action surface of the mixing and kneading tool is arranged facing the inner wall of the container. According to a variation, the action surface also extends at a relatively gentle angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, for example, between 0° and 40°, or parallel to it.

[0015] The action surface can be the section of a mixing and kneading tool that interacts with and desires the product mass during mixing and kneading operations. For example, the action surface can be configured to apply the required extrusion and / or shear forces to the product mass for mixing and kneading. Accordingly, the orbital path of the mixing and kneading tool can be defined as the orbital path of its action surface as the shaft rotates.

[0016] Generally, a mixing and kneading apparatus may also include multiple mixing and kneading tools, each connected to a shaft and capable of rotating with it in a predetermined manner. For example, more than three mixing and kneading tools may be provided, and more particularly at least four, five, or six mixing and kneading tools. In this context, the mixing and kneading tools may be arranged relative to each other such that their working surfaces are arranged along the axis with no significant axial spacing and / or have slight axial overlap. This allows for substantially axially continuous coverage of the container's inner wall, or in other words, processing of the product mass with virtually no axial gap along the axis.

[0017] The action surface is also configured such that, viewed against the first circumferential direction, the radial clearance between the container inner wall and the action surface decreases at least locally. Therefore, the action surface can be configured such that the product mass is at least locally compressed and / or sheared, because the gap between the action surface and the container inner wall narrows as movement continues in the first circumferential direction. Specifically, the product mass initially reaches the space between the action surface and the container inner wall through a relatively large radial clearance, but this clearance narrows as the axis continues to rotate in the first circumferential direction. This allows compressive and / or shear forces to act on the product mass. Therefore, overall, the gap between the action surface and the container inner wall can be at least locally substantially wedge-shaped or funnel-shaped.

[0018] In other words, during the mixing and kneading process, the working surface includes the inlet-side region, through which the product mass reaches the gap between the working surface and the container wall. The working surface may also include the outlet-side region, which, viewed against the first circumferential direction, is positioned after the inlet-side region. The radial distance (or in other words, the radial clearance) between the working surface and the container wall may be reduced at least locally between the inlet-side and outlet-side regions.

[0019] In other words, the working surface is constructed such that the radial clearance between the container wall and the working surface is reduced at least temporarily when passing through a predetermined section of the fixed container wall, and this radial clearance may in particular be point-like.

[0020] It should be understood that the radial clearance between the action surface and the inner wall of the container can also be locally increased. This is particularly possible in the region following the action surface section with a narrowed radial clearance, viewed against the first circumferential direction. In other words, the action surface can be configured such that the radial clearance is at least locally increased again after the extrusion and / or shearing of the product mass is completed. This particularly relates to the outlet side region of the action surface during the mixing and kneading operation.

[0021] Generally, the action surface may include curved areas opposite the inner wall of the container, and particularly convex curved areas. Thus, the action surface can be shaped such that it arches or bulges towards the inner wall of the container. Generally, the action surface may include recesses, inclined areas, or guide surfaces to allow desired product flow through the gap between the action surface and the inner wall of the container. However, it is also conceivable that the action surface has a substantially smooth and closed surface.

[0022] An improvement of the invention is that the working surface has a recess extending along the surrounding track. The recess can be defined by opposing edge regions of the working surface, which may, for example, extend obliquely relative to the recess. In other words, the edge regions may form oblique sidewall regions of the recess. The recess may define a guide region, or in other words, a guide channel, which extends along the surrounding track. This allows the product flow to proceed along the working surface and along the surrounding track.

[0023] In this document, the width of the recess, extending substantially transversely to the surrounding track, can be configured to gradually increase when viewed along the first circumferential direction. This width increase can be stepwise or continuous through a variable or constant increase. Therefore, the recess can generally be constructed in a funnel or wedge shape, wherein, viewed against the first circumferential direction, the recess can become narrower. Correspondingly, viewed against the first circumferential direction, the guide region or guide channel defined by the recess narrows, which can induce the generation of desired compressive and / or shear forces.

[0024] The mixing and kneading tool may also include a scraper, which, viewed along the circumferential path, is at least partially spaced from the working surface. Particularly viewed against the first circumferential direction, the scraper may be positioned behind the working surface and / or only slightly overlap with it along the circumferential path. Viewed in the first circumferential direction, the working surface may, for example, occupy a forward position during the mixing and kneading operation compared to the scraper. In other words, the scraper may be closer to the exit side of the working surface during the mixing and kneading operation than the inlet side area. Therefore, the scraper can be configured to substantially interact with the product mass during the mixing and kneading operation, the product mass having already been processed by the working surface within the current movement or rotation cycle of the mixing and kneading tool.

[0025] Scrapers are generally configured to remove clumps of product adhering to the inner wall of a container and / or convey them in a desired direction. The scrapers are arranged relative to the container's inner wall at a spacing of less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, about 1 mm, or even smaller. Compared to the working surface of a mixing and kneading tool, the scraper can be configured to have a significantly smaller surface area relative to the container's inner wall. This surface can be, in particular, substantially linear and, for example, less than 25%, less than 10%, or less than 5% of the surface defined by the working surface of the mixing and kneading tool.

[0026] In this document, the scraper may also be arranged on the working surface via spacers, wherein the spacers are particularly configured to allow the product mass to pass radially. The spacers may extend substantially parallel to or along a surrounding track and allow the scraper to be arranged along the surrounding track and at a predetermined interval from the working surface. The spacers may include at least one rod, at least one profile, or other suitable structure.

[0027] The passage of the product mass may particularly involve the product mass volume, which, viewed along the surrounding track, is arranged between the scraper and the working surface. The scraper allows the product mass volume to pass through in the axial direction. This spacer may include an opening or generally not completely cover the area between the scraper and the working surface.

[0028] Not limited to the features described above regarding the scraper, the scraper may also be elastically pre-tightened relative to the inner wall of the container. This pre-tightening can generally be achieved elastically, specifically by causing the scraper to adhere to the inner wall of the container with a predetermined clamping force. In this way, the scraper can be hingedly connected to the working surface and / or the mixing and kneading tool and elastically pressed towards the inner wall of the container. This allows for a smaller gap or contact between the scraper and the inner wall of the container, wherein the pre-tightening of the scraper compensates for manufacturing tolerances of the container.

[0029] The scraper and the working surface also extend along a common section of the longitudinal axis. In other words, the scraper and the working surface may at least partially overlap axially or substantially completely overlap, i.e., configured, for example, to have a consistent axial length. One embodiment is configured such that the scraper protrudes axially onto the working surface by no more than 50%, 25%, or 10% of the axial length of the working surface.

[0030] The scraper can also be oriented such that it generates a flow of product toward the product discharge portion of the container, at least when the mixing and kneading tool rotates in a second circumferential direction opposite to the first circumferential direction. The second circumferential direction can be the circumferential direction during the output operation of the mixing and kneading apparatus. In this case, the scraper can preferably be angled relative to the longitudinal axis of the axial direction, and in this way generate the preferred flow of product. The product discharge portion can be arranged, particularly axially, centrally on and under the container.

[0031] In the case of multiple mixing and kneading tools, the scrapers can be individually oriented along the longitudinal axis according to the position of the mixing and kneading tools. In particular, the scrapers can be oriented in such a way that the aforementioned product mass flow can be generated in the direction towards the center of the container. For example, scrapers arranged on both sides of the product discharge section or the center of the container can be oriented opposite to and / or mirror each other so that the product clumps can be conveyed in the direction of the product discharge section. The term "center of the container" generally refers to the axial central region of the container and / or the containing space.

[0032] Therefore, the scraper performs different functions depending on the direction of shaft rotation. During output operation, the scraper helps to quickly and efficiently remove product clumps, while during mixing and kneading operation, it removes product clump residue from the inner wall of the container.

[0033] The apparatus may further include at least one reversing tool, which is coupled to the shaft for rotation, wherein the reversing tool is configured, particularly in conjunction with an adjacent container wall, to generate a flow of product toward the center of the container. This generation of the flow of product toward the center of the container can occur at least during the mixing and kneading operation of the apparatus. The reversing tool may have a significantly smaller surface area relative to the working surface of the mixing and kneading tool, with this surface facing the container wall (e.g., less than 25%, less than 10%, or less than 5% of the working surface). This surface may also be configured to be substantially linear or elongated.

[0034] The reversing tool can be arranged axially and spaced apart from the mixing and kneading tool on the shaft. The working surface of the reversing tool that interacts with the product mass to perform reversal can also be radially spaced apart from the shaft via the positioning section of the reversing tool.

[0035] According to one embodiment, at least two reversing tools are provided, arranged at opposite axial ends of the receiving space and / or the shaft. All mixing and kneading tools may be arranged axially between the at least two reversing tools. Thus, the reversing tools can be configured to transport the product mass from the axial end region of the receiving space back towards the center of the container, thereby creating a preferred product mass flow within the receiving space.

[0036] The reversing tool can achieve product flow essentially solely through its specially oriented action surface. However, according to one embodiment, the product flow is generated essentially in conjunction with the adjacent container wall and, particularly, with the adjacent axial end region of the containment space. In this case, the reversing tool can be oriented such that during the mixing and kneading operation, it first continues to compress the product flow axially outward and thus away from the center of the container, then reverses the flow towards the center of the container through the container wall. Specifically, the product flow can be redirected towards the center of the container, particularly in the region near or above the longitudinal axis.

[0037] More importantly, the inventors have discovered that a preferred product flow can be generated within the containment space by means of a reversing tool, which in particular allows for more dense ventilation of the product clusters.

[0038] An improvement of the invention is that the length of the receiving space along the longitudinal axis is greater than the radial extension of the receiving space. Therefore, viewed in a cross-section including the longitudinal axis (hereinafter also referred to as the "longitudinal section"), the receiving space can be configured to have a shape with a generally elongated extension, for example, configured as an elongated ellipse.

[0039] Alternatively or additionally, the radial extension of the receiving space increases from the axial end of the receiving space toward the region of the largest cross-section of the receiving space, wherein the product discharge section and / or product outlet are arranged particularly in or near the region of the largest cross-section. The increase in radial extension can be substantially equal, variable, or stepwise. The largest cross-section can be the region including the maximum radial extension of the container, for example, the maximum diameter. In other words, it can be the region including the maximum inner circumference of the receiving space around the longitudinal axis. The largest cross-section can also form a plane of symmetry of the receiving space, wherein the receiving space can be configured to be substantially mirror-symmetric about the plane of symmetry.

[0040] According to one variant, the accommodating space in the aforementioned longitudinal section is basically constructed as an ellipse, rhombus, or apex cone, in which the base surfaces of the cones are adjacent to each other.

[0041] In this regard, the larger axis of the elliptical, rhomboid, or vertices-conical shape coincides with the longitudinal axis of the axis. Additionally or alternatively, the smaller axis of the elliptical, rhomboid, or vertices-conical shape coincides with the radial extension about the longitudinal axis of the axis and particularly defines the maximum cross-section of the accommodating space.

[0042] In this disclosure, the container is generally configured to be stationary, wherein an internal shaft and a mixing and kneading tool mounted thereon move relative to the container. Therefore, air outlets and / or product outlets are also generally stationary within the mixing and kneading apparatus. For example, the product outlet is generally located on the lower side of the container, facing the ground area in the surrounding environment of the mixing and kneading apparatus. The air outlet may also be located on the upper side of the container, away from the ground area. In other words, the product outlet may be located below the longitudinal axis of the shaft and / or the air outlet may be located above the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0043] In one embodiment, the air outlet and product outlet may be substantially opposite, or in other words, positioned on opposing inner wall regions of the container. The product outlet and air outlet may provide openings to the environment, which may be opened and closed, for example, via a valve mechanism. Optionally, the proximity to the region with the largest cross-section may be an axial distance not exceeding 2 m, 1 m, 50 cm, or 20 cm. In particular, it may be configured such that at least the product outlet is directly located in the region with the largest cross-section, and the air outlet is slightly spaced axially from it.

[0044] The container's inner wall can define conveyor or guide ramps to guide the product mass toward the product outlet. A larger distance can also be intentionally achieved from the filling surface of the product mass within the containment space by arranging air outlets in the area with the largest cross-section. This, for example, can limit the discharge of dust into the environment during mixing and kneading.

[0045] The container may also include an air inlet, which is positioned such that it can be arranged below the filling surface of the product mass during mixing and kneading operations, and / or wherein the air inlet is positioned below the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

[0046] Therefore, it can be configured such that during the mixing and kneading operation, the product clumps fill to a predetermined filling surface. Air inlets can be located below the predetermined filling surface. This can also involve placement on or near the underside of the container, with the underside facing the ground area of ​​the surrounding environment of the mixing and kneading apparatus.

[0047] Therefore, air can be supplied to the product mass generally below the filler surface, but fatty additives can also be supplied via the air inlet. The inventors have discovered that this method allows for better mixing and thus more thorough removal of magnesium oxide from the product mass.

[0048] A typical air inlet can be configured such that air or any other additives conveyed therethrough are delivered substantially to the product mass in the first circumferential direction. For this purpose, the product inlet may include or form an input channel. In other words, air or additives can be introduced into the product mass substantially tangentially to the first circumferential direction and / or the circumferential track of the mixing and kneading tool and / or the adjacent container wall via the air inlet. The term "substantially tangential" may refer to a vector component of the delivery direction that extends tangentially to the first circumferential direction, the circumferential track, or the container wall being significantly higher than the vector component extending laterally thereto, particularly by at least two, three, or four times.

[0049] In addition to the features described above regarding the air inlet, it is conceivable that the air inlet includes at least a locally narrowed region and / or a throttling mechanism. This region or throttling mechanism may be arranged near or adjacent to a transition region between the air inlet and the receiving space. An example of a suitable throttling mechanism is a plate that locally narrows the cross-section of the air inlet in the transition region to the receiving space. Generally, this variation allows for a targeted increase in the airflow velocity based on the narrowing of the air inlet's cross-section. This, for example, enables more efficient drying of product clumps. It also allows for more efficient removal of contaminants from the air inlet region, particularly in the aforementioned transition region.

[0050] The mixing and kneading apparatus may also include a compressed air unit configured to deliver compressed air to the container via an air inlet, particularly such that the compressed air delivery occurs substantially in the first circumferential direction. The compressed air unit may include nozzles through which compressed air can be selectively blown into the air inlet. The nozzles may be positioned and / or sized such that additional additives, such as additives in the form of grease or detergent, can also be delivered via the air inlet.

[0051] The term compressed air may also include gases or gas mixtures under pressure that are different from ordinary ambient air. Delivery in the first circumferential direction may involve the aforementioned tangential output. The delivered compressed air may have an air pressure, for example, 0.1 to 0.3 bar above ambient pressure.

[0052] Furthermore, the mixing and kneading apparatus may be configured herein to include a heating unit that heats air introduced via an air inlet. This may particularly include heating the air before it is conveyed or blown into the containment space, for example, heating it within a compressed air reservoir.

[0053] The apparatus may also include a weight detection unit configured to detect the weight of the container and the product mass contained therein during apparatus operation. This may involve monitoring the weight of the product mass during mixing and kneading operations, such as monitoring moisture and weight loss of the product mass. The weight detection unit may therefore include a so-called weighing unit.

[0054] The mixing and kneading apparatus may also include a control mechanism configured to control and / or adjust the mixing and kneading operation based on the detection signal from the weight detection unit. For example, the control mechanism may be configured to reduce at least the rotational speed of the control shaft, the total duration of the mixing and kneading operation, the timing or amount of air delivery, and the temperature of the heatable container based on the detected weight and, in particular, the detected weight.

[0055] The present invention also relates to a method for mixing and kneading a product dough, particularly by means of an apparatus according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0056] - The product mass is filled into the containment space, which is formed by the container.

[0057] - To cause the shaft, at least partially contained within the container, to rotate about its longitudinal axis, and

[0058] - The mixing and kneading tool moves along the circular track in the first circumferential direction, and the mixing and kneading tool is connected to the shaft to rotate together.

[0059] The mixing and kneading tool includes an action surface facing the inner wall of the container, wherein the action surface is configured such that the radial gap between the inner wall of the container and the action surface, viewed against the first circumferential direction, is at least locally reduced.

[0060] Therefore, this method can specify that the aforementioned extrusion force and / or shear force are applied to the product mass by means of the rotation of the working surface of the special structure of the mixing and kneading tool in the first circumferential direction.

[0061] Generally, this method may include any additional steps and any additional features to achieve all the advantages and interactions described above. For example, the method may also include the step of processing the product mass with the action surface of the mixing and kneading tool during the mixing and kneading operation and / or the step of outputting the product mass with the aforementioned scraper of the mixing and kneading tool during the output operation.

[0062] According to an improved version, the method includes the step of introducing air and / or a fatty additive below the filling surface of the product mass. This may involve the aforementioned introduction via an air inlet to the container and is carried out substantially tangentially in the first circumferential direction.

[0063] The method may also include detecting the weight of the product mass contained in the container, and in particular determining the degree of dehydration of the product mass. This can be done by detecting the total weight of the container and the product mass contained therein, and then calculating the weight of the product mass contained in the container during the mixing and kneading operation, and in particular its weight reduction, by subtracting the known weight of the empty container. The method may also involve a step of controlling the mixing and kneading operation based on the detected weight, wherein this control may involve the parameters discussed above regarding the control mechanism.

[0064] The method may also include a step of reversing the circumferential direction of the mixing and kneading tool to discharge the product mass from the container. This can be done during the aforementioned discharge operation. Reversing the circumferential direction may involve moving the mixing and kneading tool in a second circumferential direction opposite to the first circumferential direction. A step of opening a product outlet may also be included herein, allowing the product mass to be discharged through the product outlet. This may include a valve mechanism for opening the product outlet.

[0065] Finally, the method also includes inputting a predetermined portion of the total amount of the fat-containing additive to be delivered only during the discharge of the product mass from the container. This allows the fat-containing additive to perform a cleaning function, effectively removing any residue from the product mass from the container's containment space. Attached Figure Description

[0066] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the schematic diagrams. Wherein are shown:

[0067] Figure 1 A longitudinal section of the mixing and kneading apparatus according to the first embodiment is shown;

[0068] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A perspective detail of the shaft of the mixing and kneading device in the image;

[0069] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A perspective view of a single component of the mixing and kneading tool in a mixing and kneading device;

[0070] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the device is provided to illustrate its mixing and kneading operation.

[0071] Figure 5 A perspective view of a single part of a mixing and kneading tool according to another embodiment is shown; and

[0072] Figure 6 A flowchart of the method according to the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0073] exist Figure 1The diagram illustrates a mixing and kneading apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention, and is generally designated as 10. The mixing and kneading apparatus 10 is supported on a level surface around its periphery via support units 12. The mixing and kneading apparatus 10 also includes two lateral frame assemblies 14, spaced apart from each other and each supported via one of the support units 12. A cylindrical shaft 16 extends between the frame assemblies 14, and is rotatably supported within each frame assembly 14. The shaft 16 extends along a longitudinal axis L, along which the frame assemblies 14 are spaced apart from each other.

[0074] exist Figure 1 In the left-hand frame assembly 14, shaft 16 is connected to drive unit 18. Drive unit 18 is configured to drive shaft 16 to rotate about its longitudinal axis L. Figure 1 In the frame assembly 14 on the right, the shaft 16 is rotatably supported on the bearing unit 20 about its longitudinal axis L.

[0075] The mixing and kneading apparatus 10 also includes a container 22 extending along the longitudinal axis L between the frame assemblies 14. The container 22 is fixedly connected to the frame assemblies 14 and is generally constructed to be hollow. Specifically, the container 22 forms a receiving space 24 defined by a corresponding inner wall of the container 22. Except for the openings described below, the container 22 and the receiving space 24 are constructed to be closed.

[0076] exist Figure 1 As can be seen, container 22 accommodates the sections of shaft 16 extending between frame assemblies 14 and between drive unit 18 and bearing unit 20. Furthermore, the shape of container 22 corresponds to the shape of accommodating space 24, or in other words, the outer cross-section of container 22 substantially corresponds to the inner cross-section of accommodating space 24. In the illustrated case, container 22 and accommodating space 24 are substantially rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis L, which is centrally accommodated within container 22 and extends through the container. Furthermore, the axial length A of accommodating space 24 formed by container 22 exceeds the maximum radial extension E of accommodating space 24.

[0077] Specifically, it can be seen that the radial extension E of the receiving space 24 gradually increases from the first axial end region 26 near the drive unit 18 to the region with the largest cross-section; in other words, it gradually increases to the maximum radial extension E. Similarly, the radial extension E gradually increases from the second axial end region 30 near the bearing unit 20 of the receiving space 24 towards the region with the largest cross-section. In other words, the radial extension E of the receiving space 24 gradually increases from its respective axial end regions 26, 30 towards the region with the largest cross-section. Therefore, the receiving space 24 is constructed in an elliptical shape, wherein the smaller elliptical axis corresponds to the axis of the ellipse. Figure 1The radial extension E is shown in the diagram. The shape of the receiving space 24 can also be described as a pair of cones with adjacent base surfaces and rounded apexes in the end regions 26, 30. The apexes may be rounded into a spherical shape, or alternatively, they may be constructed as flat ends. Finally, it should be noted that the region with the largest cross-section forms a plane of symmetry extending orthogonally to the longitudinal axis L. The receiving space 24 is essentially constructed to be mirror-symmetric about this plane of symmetry.

[0078] It can be observed that, Figure 1 The middle container 22 comprises two container halves 23 and 25, but the two container halves are not joined together in the region of largest cross-section. Instead, in... Figure 1 The right-side container half 25 is characterized by its larger axial length and extends axially from the right-side axial end region 30 beyond the region with the largest cross-section. While... Figure 1 The left container half 23 extends from the left axial end region 26 toward the other receiving half 25. Container halves 23 and 25 are assembled together and connected to each other along flange 27 surrounding the longitudinal axis L of the shaft.

[0079] The container structure comprising two container components or container halves 23 and 25 with different axial lengths is itself an independent embodiment of the invention and is not limited to combinations with other features of this embodiment, wherein the container components or container halves are combined together outside the region of the largest axial cross-section.

[0080] In the region with the largest cross-section, an air outlet 32 ​​is arranged in the area away from the ground and on the upper side of the support unit 12. A product outlet 34 is arranged in a relatively opposite position, facing the ground and the support unit 12, and the product discharge section has a valve mechanism that can be selectively opened and closed. Furthermore, in Figure 1 As can be seen in the filling funnel 36, the product mass to be processed or its raw materials can be filled into the containing space 24 through the filling funnel.

[0081] The shaft 16 is rotatable relative to the fixed container 22 about its longitudinal axis L by means of a drive unit 18. In the illustrated case, the longitudinal axis L of the shaft forms a horizontal line in space. The shaft has multiple agitating and kneading tools 38 and reversing tools 40 on its section housed within the container 22. The specific arrangement and number of these tools are shown in the figure. Figure 2 The perspective detail view shows the positions of the drive unit 18 and bearing unit 20 of the mixing and kneading device 10.

[0082] exist Figure 2As can be seen, the shaft 16 has reversing tools 40 at its end regions 26 and 30 near the receiving space 24 and at its axial end near the drive unit 18 or bearing unit 20. The reversing tool 40 includes a curved reversing section 42, which is arranged radially relative to the shaft 16 via a positioning section 44. The reversing section 42 has a generally linear surface 47 facing the inner wall of the container. (As shown in...) Figure 1 As can be seen, the surface is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis L in a predetermined manner, so that the surface can generate the desired product flow within the receiving space 24. Furthermore, a total of six mixing and kneading tools 38 are arranged relative to each other with equal axial spacing R1 along the longitudinal axis L and axially between the reversing tools 40. The mixing and kneading tools 38 are substantially identical to each other except for their positioning along the longitudinal axis L and in the circumferential direction of the shaft 16. Another exception is, for example, the orientation of the scraper 62 of the corresponding mixing and kneading tool 38, as described below. For clarity, in Figure 1 and Figure 2 Not all mixing and kneading tools 38 are specified with separate reference numerals for all the following features.

[0083] The mixing and kneading tool 38 includes positioning sections 46 that extend radially from the longitudinal axis L toward the opposing inner wall of the container. The positioning sections 46 have a generally circular cross-section near the axis 16, transitioning into flattened regions 48. The orientation of the flattened regions 48 is individually selected along the longitudinal axis L according to the position of the mixing and kneading tool 38 to reduce flow resistance (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 ).

[0084] The working area 50 of the corresponding mixing and kneading tool 38 is arranged on the lower side of the radially outer end of the flattened area 48. The working area 50 extends at an angle relative to the positioning section 46 and along the opposing inner wall of the container. In addition, the working area 50 includes an action surface 52 facing the inner wall of the container (see also...). Figure 1 ).

[0085] First, according to Figure 4 Describe the structure and function of the active surface 52. Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the mixing and kneading device 10, wherein... Figure 1 Draw the position of the cutting plane AA. Figure 4 The container 22 is shown only schematically and has an upward-opening cross-section.

[0086] exist Figure 4 First, axis 16 can be seen, with its longitudinal axis L perpendicular to the paper surface. A reversing tool 40 and a kneading tool 38 are also shown. Figure 4The container also shows a positioning section 46 extending radially from the shaft 16 of the mixing and kneading tool 38, and a working area 50 arranged thereon. Finally, it can be seen that the working surface 52 faces the inner wall of the container, which defines the accommodating space 24.

[0087] The working surface 52 has a first region 54 and a second region 56, which are spaced apart from each other along the inner circumference of the container 22. Specifically, the mixing and kneading device 10 is configured such that the shaft 16 rotates in a first rotational direction R1 during mixing and kneading operation, and thus the reversing tool 40 and the mixing and kneading tool 38 connected thereto move in that direction. In this regard, the working surface 52 of each mixing and kneading tool 38 moves relative to the inner wall of the container in a first circumferential direction U1.

[0088] In response, the working area 50 and, in particular, the action surface 52 of each mixing and kneading tool 38 move along the inner wall of the container along a circular orbital 58 surrounding the longitudinal axis L. Figure 2 The diagram schematically illustrates the orientation of this circular track 58, which is assigned to the third mixing and kneading tool 38 from the left in the accompanying drawing. For complete reference, in Figure 1 As the middle part moves in the first rotational and circumferential directions R1 and U1, the two lower stirring and kneading tools 38 move toward the observer.

[0089] Back to Figure 4 It can be seen that the first region 54 of the action surface 52 is positioned in front of the second region 56 when viewed in the first circumferential direction U1. In other words, the first region 54 forms the region of the action surface 52 that enters during the mixing and kneading operation of the mixing and kneading device 10, while the second region 56 forms the region that leaves the action surface.

[0090] Therefore, in Figure 4 As can be seen, the radial gaps S1 and S2 between the working surface 52 and the inner wall of the container, or in other words, the radial spacing S1 and S2, are variable when viewed in the first circumferential direction U1. Specifically, the size of the radial gaps S1 and S2 decreases from the first region 54 to the second region 56, thus making the gap between the working surface 52 and the inner wall of the container increasingly narrow. Figure 4 (S1 > S2). However, in Figure 4 It can also be seen that the gap S3 in the action surface region 60 increases again. In this case, the action surface region 60 is placed after the second region 56 when viewed in the opposite direction to the first circumferential direction U1.

[0091] Therefore, in summary, the working surface 52 is configured to at least locally reduce the radial gaps S1 and S2 between the working surface 52 and the inner wall of the container, at least during the mixing and kneading operation and when moving in the first circumferential direction U1. Therefore, in Figure 4As can be seen, the gap defined by the working surface 52 and the inner wall of the container is basically wedge-shaped or funnel-shaped, and narrows and gradually tapers when viewed against the first circumferential direction U1. Therefore, as the shaft 16 continues to rotate in the direction R1, the successive inner circumferential sections of the container 22 pass over the working surface 52. In this respect, from the fixed points on the inner wall of the container, the radial gaps S1 and S2 are reduced at least temporarily.

[0092] Further details regarding the structure and function of the working surface 52 of each mixing and kneading tool 38 are provided by Figure 3 Therefore, it can be seen that the working surface 52 includes a recess 53 arranged axially in the middle, the recess extending along the surrounding track 58 and thus in the surrounding direction U1 of the working surface 52. This can be seen from... Figure 1 The position of the longitudinal axis relative to the working surface 52 is obtained. Furthermore, in... Figure 3 As can be seen, viewed against the circumferential direction U1, the axial width B of the recess 53 decreases. In other words, the recess 53 becomes increasingly thinner, which is beneficial for generating extrusion and / or shear forces acting on the product mass to be processed. Furthermore, the recess 53 is surrounded by the edge region 55 of the acting surface 52, which also extends along the circumferential track 58 and accommodates and defines the recess 53 in the middle. The edge region 55 is inclined relative to the plane of the recess 53.

[0093] Reference below Figure 2 As can be seen, the mixing and kneading tool 38 also includes a scraper 62. The scraper is connected to the working area 50 of the corresponding mixing and kneading tool 38 via a spacer 64. Specifically, the scraper 62 includes a linear surface 65 facing the inner wall of the container and a planar region extending substantially radially relative to the inner wall of the container. The spacer 64 is connected to the working surface 52 near the widened region 60 (see...). Figure 4 ).

[0094] In this case, spacer 64 includes a first section 66 and two sections 68 extending therefrom in the circumferential direction (see...). Figure 2 The first section (right half) extends axially along the working surface 52. Generally, the spacer 64 extends substantially equidistant from the opposing container inner wall. The sections 68 extending in the circumferential direction have different dimensions, thus the scraper 62, and especially its surface 65 facing the container inner wall, are oriented in a predetermined manner. For example, in… Figure 1 As can be seen from the two lower scrapers 62, the two lower scrapers are opposite to each other and inclined relative to the longitudinal axis L.

[0095] In summary, the spacer 64 serves to connect the scraper 62 to the working surface 52 of the corresponding mixing and kneading tool 38. Furthermore, the spacer 64 is located in... Figure 2The section 68 shown is configured such that the scraper 62 is arranged relative to the working surface 52 and relative to the inner wall of the container in a predetermined orientation and at a predetermined spacing. Alternatively or additionally, the scraper 62 may also be elastically preloaded relative to the inner wall of the container, which may be achieved, for example, via a suitable elastic mechanism between the scraper 62 and the working surface 52.

[0096] For example, it can also be found from Figure 4 As can be seen, viewed against the first circumferential direction U1, the scraper 62 is positioned behind the working surface 52. Furthermore, the spacer 64 and the scraper 62 define an opening 70 allowing the product cluster to pass radially. Finally, Figure 1 As can be seen, the scraper 62 and the working surface 52 cover a substantially equal axial segment A1 along the longitudinal axis L, or in other words, they overlap axially along segment A1.

[0097] The mixing and kneading operation of the mixing and kneading apparatus 10 is described below based on the foregoing figures. First, the raw material to be processed into the product mass is conveyed to the container 22 via the filling funnel 36. This can be done manually or, especially in larger equipment, by machine, for example, via a separate pipe connection. In this case, the raw materials include cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, and milk powder, thereby obtaining the product mass for chocolate production. Figure 4 The diagram schematically shows the product filling surface P rising in container 22.

[0098] Then, by means of the drive unit 18, the shaft 16 is driven in the first rotational direction R1, thereby causing the mixing and kneading tool 38, and in particular its working surface 52, to move along its corresponding circumferential track 58 in the first circumferential direction U1. As the working surface 52 moves below the longitudinal axis L, a portion of the product mass reaches the gap between the working surface 52 and the opposing container wall region. Based on... Figure 4 The narrowing gaps S1 and S2 between these elements are described, during which the product clusters are subjected to increased compressive and / or shear forces (so-called agitation and kneading). This allows the product clusters to be doped and mixed as desired, and in particular, the magnesium oxide material to be gradually expelled.

[0099] The possible paths Z of the corresponding product group are schematically shown in Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, the path Z extends along the working surface 52 and then reaches the region of the scraper 62. The scraper 62 is configured such that the portion of the product cluster that has been processed by the working surface 52 is separated from the inner wall of the container. The processed portion of the product cluster can also pass radially through the opening 70 between the spacer 64 and the scraper 62.

[0100] exist Figure 1 It can also be seen that the mixing and kneading tool 38 is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the shaft, such that the mixing and kneading tool covers the adjacent axial sections A1 of the shaft 16. In this regard, Figure 1 Not all corresponding axial sections A1 are shown. In other words, the product mass can be processed virtually without gaps along the axial direction by the mixing and kneading tool 38. Figure 4 The product filling surface P shown in the diagram is interpreted as meaning that the product cluster is processed only when the functional surface 52 is below the longitudinal axis L. This involves Figure 1 The mixing and kneading tools 38 are positioned below the longitudinal axis L, while the mixing and kneading tools 38 positioned above the longitudinal axis L are arranged on the product filling surface P and thus outside the product mass.

[0101] In addition Figure 1 As can be seen, during the mixing and kneading process, the reversing tool 40 generates a product flow U when rotating. Figure 1 Only one reversing mechanism is visible in the diagram, whereby the product flow compresses the product mass onto adjacent axial end regions 26 and 30 of the containment space 24. This causes the product mass to continuously reverse direction towards the center of the container in the axial end regions 26 and 30 according to arrow U during the mixing and kneading operation. Here, the center of the container refers to the axial center, which includes the region with the largest cross-section. Specifically, the product mass is guided from the region located below the longitudinal axis along the inner wall of the container until it reaches approximately the height of the longitudinal axis L or above, from where it begins to flow towards the center of the container.

[0102] The container 22 also includes two scraper rollers 33, which are respectively arranged near one of the axial end regions 26, 30. The scraper rollers 33 are configured to interact with the axially external mixing and kneading tool 38 and scrape off clumps of product adhering thereto.

[0103] Therefore, the product dough can be stirred and kneaded by continuing to rotate shaft 16 for several minutes or hours.

[0104] The air delivery during the mixing and kneading process is also described below. Figure 1 As can be seen, container 22 includes at least one air inlet 72 on each side of its axial center. However, according to other embodiments, at least two, at least four, or at least six air inlets 72 may be provided on each side of the axial center. Furthermore, the air inlets 72 are arranged below the longitudinal axis L. This can also be seen from... Figure 4 It can be seen from this that, Figure 4 It can also be seen that the air inlet 72 is also located below the product filling surface P. The air inlet 72 defines a delivery channel, which is oriented in such a way that air can be introduced substantially tangentially into the containment space 24 and the product cluster contained therein, along the adjacent container inner wall, the first circumferential direction U1, and the action surface 52 moving along the air inlet 72.

[0105] Air can be transported via... Figure 4The compressed air unit 74, schematically shown, is used for delivery. The compressed air unit can heat the air to a predetermined temperature before delivery by means of a heating unit 75. Fatty additives can also be delivered below the product filling surface P through the air inlet 72.

[0106] In addition, Figure 1 The image shows a booster 76 for the compressed air unit 74, which is arranged within one of the lateral frame assemblies 14 of the mixing and kneading apparatus 10. The connection channel between the booster 76 and the air inlet 72 is not shown, but it is typically provided via a pipe, hose, or fluid passage.

[0107] exist Figure 4 An optional throttling mechanism 73 is also shown in dashed lines; in the illustrated case, the throttling mechanism is constructed as a plate member. The throttling mechanism 73 is arranged in the transition region between the air inlet 72 and the receiving space 24, and here narrows the flow cross-section of the air inlet 72. This increases the flow velocity of the delivered compressed air, thereby making it easier to remove contaminants from the transition region and more effectively dry product clumps.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the mixing and kneading device 10 may include a mixing and kneading device 10. Figure 1 The weighing unit 78 is schematically shown as a weight detection unit. The weight detection unit can detect the weight of the container 22 and the product mass filled therein in a known manner, and thereby also detect the weight change of the product mass within the container 22 during mixing, kneading, and / or output operations. Based on this, the progress of mixing, kneading, or output can be monitored, and the operation of the mixing and kneading device 10 can be appropriately adjusted via a control unit (not shown).

[0109] In addition, Figure 1 , 2 and Figure 4 The slight difference lies in that, Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this case, a base shape is constructed in the transition area between the mixing and kneading tool 38 and the shaft 16. Figure 2 For example, for one of the mixing and kneading tools 38, the corresponding transition base 67 is provided with a separate reference numeral. Figure 4 In this case, the transition base 67 is not shown for simplicity, but a transition base is also provided here. However, in principle, it is conceivable that the mixing and kneading device 10 may also not be constructed with such a transition base 67.

[0110] The following is based on Figure 1 and Figure 4 Describes the output operation of the mixing and kneading device 10. During output operation, the drive shaft 16 rotates in a second rotation direction R2, opposite to the first rotation direction R1 (see [link to description]). Figure 4 ).therefore Figure 4 The mixing and kneading tool 38, and in particular its working surface 52, rotates in a circumferential direction U2 opposite to the first circumferential direction U1. This means that the product clumps essentially interact with the scraper 62 and are moved as far away from the working surface 52 as possible by the scraper.

[0111] Specifically, in Figure 1 As can be seen, the scrapers 62 of the mixing and kneading tool 38 are oriented such that, as the shaft 16 rotates accordingly in the direction of rotation R2, the scrapers generate a flow of product clumps P2 towards the center of the container or the largest radial cross-section 28. This allows the product clumps to be quickly discharged from the container 22 via the product outlet 34 arranged in the axial center. This is further aided by the aforementioned elliptical longitudinal section of the receiving space 24. Based on this shape, the inner wall of the container defines a guide ramp near the product outlet 34, so that the product clumps flow towards the product outlet 34 under the influence of gravity.

[0112] exist Figure 5 The figure shows an alternative embodiment of the mixing and kneading apparatus 10 according to the invention, including a mixing and kneading tool 38. Features that are identical or similar to those in the first embodiment are indicated by the same reference numerals. The mixing and kneading tool 38 also includes a positioning section 46, with the working area 50 of the mixing and kneading tool 38 arranged at the radially outer end of the positioning section. The working area differs from that of the first embodiment in that the working surface 52 is constructed as a flat surface that is convexly curved toward the opposite inner wall of the container. The curvature radius of the working surface 52 and / or the orientation of the working area 50 relative to the inner wall are chosen such that a radially narrowed gap reappears during mixing and kneading operation, as per the figure. Figure 4 The location is described.

[0113] exist Figure 5 The scraper 62 can also be seen, positioned behind the working surface 52 when viewed against the first circumferential direction U1. This is achieved via a spacer 64, which comprises two connecting pieces extending substantially parallel to the inner wall of the container. The scraper 62 is also oriented via the spacer 64 so that the conveying action described in the output operation is realized in the direction of the product outlet 34.

[0114] Finally, according to Figure 6 An example describing the process of the method according to the invention is provided. In the first step S1, container 22 is filled via filling funnel 36 with raw materials forming a product mass, which are essentially cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, and milk powder. This can be done manually or, particularly in larger equipment, by machine, for example, via suitable piping interfaces.

[0115] Then, in the second step S2, the drive shaft 16 is driven in the first rotational direction R1 to mix the individual components into a mixture that is as homogeneous as possible and to loosen the mixture. Step S2, also known as premixing, may include driving the drive shaft 16 for three to ten minutes.

[0116] Then, in step S3, a so-called dry mixing and kneading process is performed while the shaft continues to rotate. Hot air is then additionally introduced into this process. Figure 4 Air is blown in through air inlet 72, allowing air to reach the product cluster below the product filling surface P. This promotes thorough mixing and the removal of magnesium oxide. The substantially tangential air input, coupled with preheating the air to a predetermined temperature, also improves air distribution within the product cluster. Depending on the desired product cluster quality and characteristics, this step can be sustained for a significantly longer time than the premixing step S2.

[0117] In step S3, air can be introduced at predetermined time intervals. Simultaneously, air is introduced through the air outlet 32 ​​of container 22 (see...). Figure 1 This process removes air and the moisture it contains. This results in an increased weight loss of the product mass, which can be mitigated by... Figure 1 The weighing unit 78 in the system is used for detection. Figure 3 The detection of weight reduction (or the resulting degree of dehydration) is shown as a separate step, S4. However, this step may overlap with or occur simultaneously with step S3. The mixing and kneading operation of step S3 may also be continuously matched to the detected weight reduction. A typical weight loss after complete drying, mixing, and kneading may, for example, include approximately 1% of the weight of the original product mass.

[0118] During the drying, mixing, and kneading process in step S3, the product dough may include up to 23%, and more particularly 12% to 15%, of fat. However, this can be varied depending on the product dough and the final product to be manufactured. For example, in the manufacture of dark chocolate, the addition of milk powder may be omitted, thereby increasing the fat content.

[0119] Until steps S3 and S4, no further liquid or fat is added initially, so the product mass is processed only with the input of hot air. In step S5, a fat-containing additive is introduced, which liquefies the product mass as the shaft 16 continues to rotate in the first rotational direction R1. As described, this fat-containing additive can be introduced below the product filling surface P via a tangential air inlet 72. Furthermore, introducing the additive via the air inlet 72 also loosens any product adhering therein and thus cleans the air inlet 72.

[0120] At the end of the mixing and kneading process, the output operation of the mixing and kneading device 10 can be started in step S6. As previously described, the drive shaft 16 is driven in the opposite second rotational direction R2, thereby causing the scraper 62 to convey the product clump towards the product outlet 34 at the axial center. The valve assembly at the product outlet 34 is opened. Furthermore, a predetermined portion of the total amount of fat-containing additives required to be input can be introduced in or shortly before this step, thereby preventing any remaining product clumps from adhering to the inner wall of the container and achieving the most complete possible emptying of the container 22. This method achieves, for example, leaving less than 0.5% of the total mass in the container 22, and especially less than 0.2% or less than 0.1%.

[0121] The cleaning operation can then be started in step S7. This cleaning operation can be performed automatically while the aforementioned product emptying has been completed, which can be determined by detecting a decrease in the weight of the product clump in container 22. Container 22 can be cleaned with water, grease, or other suitable cleaning agents. For this purpose, a low pressure can also be generated within container 22 in step S8. This lowers the boiling point of water and simultaneously promotes the discharge of any remaining product clumps and / or promotes the discharge of cleaning agent from container 22. The delivery of cleaning agent can be carried out via tangential air inlet 72 and / or via... Figure 1 The cleaning head is positioned near the scraper roller 33.

[0122] Then, in step S8, the containing space 24 of container 22 is dried. This can be accomplished by generating low pressure, rotating shaft 16, introducing hot air, and / or heating the container walls. Finally, it should be noted that steps S2 and S4 are entirely optional.

Claims

1. A stirring and kneading device (10), comprising: - a container (22) which forms a receiving space (24) for the product mass, - a shaft (16) at least partially received in the container (22), the shaft being designed to rotate about its longitudinal axis (L), and - at least one stirring and kneading tool (38), which is connected to the shaft (16) for co-rotation, so that the stirring and kneading tool (38) moves along a circumferential track (58) in a first circumferential direction (U1) during a stirring and kneading operation of the stirring and kneading device (10), The stirring and kneading tool (38) comprises an action surface (52) facing the inner wall of the container (22). The effective surface (52) is designed such that, viewed opposite to the first circumferential direction (U1), a radial gap (S) between the container inner wall and the effective surface (52) is at least partially reduced, It is characterized in that The container (22) has an air inlet (72), the air inlet (72) includes a conveying channel, and the conveying channel is configured to convey air tangentially to the first circumferential direction (U1) and / or the circumferential path of the stirring and kneading tool (38) and / or the inner wall of the container (22). The stirring and kneading tool (38) comprises a scraper (62), wherein the scraper (62) is elastically preloaded relative to the inner wall of the container (22). The shaft (16) has a reversing tool (40) at its end region (26, 30) close to the receiving space (24) and at its axial end close to the drive unit (18) or the bearing unit (20), and the reversing tool (40) includes a bent reversing section (42) which is arranged at a predetermined radial distance relative to the shaft (16) via a positioning section (44).

2. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active surface (52) has a depression (53) extending along the circumferential track (58).

3. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Viewed along the first circumferential direction (U1), a width (B) of the depression (53) extending transversely to the circumferential path (58) increases.

4. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper (62) is at least partially spaced apart from the active surface (52) when viewed along the circumferential path (58).

5. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scraper (62) is arranged on the active surface (52) by means of spacers (64), wherein the spacers (64) are designed in such a way that the product mass can pass through radially.

6. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scraper (62) and the active surface (52) extend along a common section (A1) of the shaft longitudinal axis (L).

7. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The scraper (62) and the active surface (52) extend along a common section (A1) of the shaft longitudinal axis (L).

8. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The scraper (62) is oriented such that, at least when the kneading tool (38) rotates in a second circumferential direction (U2) opposite to the first circumferential direction (U1), the scraper generates a product mass flow in the direction of the product outlet (34) of the container (22).

9. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The deflection means (40) is designed to generate a product mass flow in the direction of the center of the container in cooperation with the adjacent inner wall of the container.

10. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The length (A) of the receiving space (24) along the shaft longitudinal axis (L) is greater than the radial extension (E) of the receiving space (24).

11. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The radial extension (E) of the receiving space (24) increases from the axial end regions (26, 30) of the receiving space (24) to the region in which the cross section (28) of the receiving space (24) is largest, wherein at least one of the product outlet (34) and the air outlet (32) is arranged in or near the region in which the cross section (28) is largest.

12. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In the kneading mode, the air inlet (72) is located below the filling surface (P) of the product dough, and the air inlet (72) is arranged below the longitudinal axis (L) of the shaft.

13. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The stirring and kneading device (10) comprises a compressed air unit (74), which is configured to supply compressed air to the container (22) through the air inlet (72) and to supply the compressed air in the first circumferential direction (U1).

14. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The stirring and kneading device (10) further comprises a heating unit (75), wherein the heating unit (75) is configured to heat the air delivered via the air inlet (72).

15. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The stirring and kneading device (10) further comprises a heating unit (75), wherein the heating unit (75) is configured to heat the air delivered via the air inlet (72).

16. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The stirring and kneading device (10) comprises a weight detection unit (78), which is configured to detect the weight of the container (22) and the product mass contained in the container (22) during operation of the stirring and kneading device (10).

17. The stirring and kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The air inlet (72) comprises an at least partially narrowed region and / or a throttle mechanism (73).

18. The stirring and kneading device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The at least partially narrowed region and / or the throttle element (73) is arranged in a transition region between the air inlet (72) and the receiving space (24) or in the vicinity of the transition region.

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