A concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging first and then draining groundwater

Abstract

A concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging and then draining groundwater, which is used for sealing the gaps between the concrete blocks of the shield tunnel segments. It includes an outer rubber of the plugging structure, an inner rubber of the plugging structure, a water storage cavity, a tolerance-fitting surface, a drain pipe, a constant-pressure water outlet valve, a water pipe joint, a water guiding pipe, and a water guiding pipe fixing buckle. The caulking and plugging structure is spliced with double-layer rubber of different materials inside and outside, and a water storage cavity is arranged in the middle of the structure. With the waterproof concept of "plugging first and then draining", the double-layer rubber inside and outside is used to plug water first. When the double-layer rubber inside and outside is penetrated by water pressure, groundwater enters the water storage cavity, and the water flow pressure of the penetrated water is controlled by the constant-pressure water outlet valve and the water flow is discharged along the conduit, ensuring that there is no water leakage in the key parts of the crown and invert of the shield tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel waterproofing, and in particular to a concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging and then draining groundwater. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of major cities in China, the construction of urban rail transit has entered a new stage of development. During the construction of subways, a large number of engineering problems need to be solved urgently, especially the problem of shield tunnel waterproofing, which poses challenges to the long-term safe operation of subways.

[0003] The waterproofing of shield tunnels mainly includes three parts: segment self-waterproofing, joint waterproofing, and manhole waterproofing. Generally, joint waterproofing is considered the weakest link in the overall waterproofing of shield tunnels. In joint waterproofing projects, gasket waterproofing is the first line of defense, and caulking plugging is the second line of defense. When the external water pressure is too high and breaks through the gasket, caulking plugging becomes the top priority of shield tunnel waterproofing.

[0004] Currently, the existing caulking plugging is mainly divided into non-standard plugging and standard plugging. Non-standard plugging refers to applying an unshaped caulking sealing material, which is a non-precast and non-shaped sealing material, on the concrete surface after cleaning the caulking in the shield tunnel to plug the gap for waterproofing. Currently, this method has problems such as the sealing material falling off under the action of various environmental loads and hanging on the catenary, causing short-circuit damage. Moreover, this method requires an additional process, resulting in a relatively long overall construction period for the shield tunnel.

[0005] Secondly, there is standard plugging. Standard plugging is a method of plugging the caulking with prefabricated rubber parts. Generally, prefabricated sealing parts with serrated wings on both sides are used, and some also use a hollow structure. After the serrated prefabricated parts are inserted into the caulking, a harder positioning piece is used to strike the sealing part to complete its positioning. The existing standard plugging structure only adopts the form of plugging for groundwater. Once the structure is broken through or falls off under the action of water pressure, the standard plugging structure at the damaged part completely loses its leakage-blocking function, and the seepage water is likely to cause problems such as short circuits in the shield power grid, and the cost of secondary repair is relatively high. In addition, the existing standard plugging structure also has disadvantages such as a relatively small water pressure that can be withstood and high requirements for the assembly accuracy of segments. Therefore, a new caulking plugging structure is needed for the waterproofing at the caulking of shield tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging groundwater first and then draining it. The caulking and plugging structure is spliced with rubber of different materials on the inner and outer layers, and a water storage cavity is arranged in the middle of the structure. With the waterproof concept of "plugging first and then draining", the inner and outer double-layer rubbers are used to plug water first. When the inner and outer double-layer rubbers are penetrated by water pressure, groundwater enters the water storage cavity, and the water pressure of the penetrated water flow is controlled by a constant-pressure water outlet valve and the water flow is discharged along the conduit, ensuring that there is no water leakage at the key parts of the crown and invert of the shield tunnel.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] A concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging groundwater first and then draining it, characterized in that it includes an outer-layer rubber 2 of the plugging structure, an inner-layer rubber 3 of the plugging structure, a water storage cavity 4, a tolerance fitting surface 5, a drainage hole 8, a constant-pressure water outlet valve 9, a water pipe joint 10, a water guiding pipe 11, and a water guiding pipe fixing buckle 12; this structure is used for plugging and draining the gaps between the concrete blocks 1 of the shield tunnel segments; an caulking groove is arranged at the lower part of the concrete block 1 of the shield tunnel segment, and the caulking grooves between adjacent concrete blocks 1 of the shield tunnel segment are of a symmetrical structure. The caulking and plugging prefabricated structure includes two symmetrical prefabricated structure monomers, and the prefabricated structure monomers are installed in a single caulking groove;

[0009] In a single caulking groove, the outer-layer rubber 2 of the plugging structure is installed on the inner wall of the caulking groove, and a hollow structure is arranged in the middle and lower parts; the inner-layer rubber 3 of the plugging structure is semi-cylindrical, made of a water-swellable material, installed in the middle of the outer-layer rubber 2 of the plugging structure, and adhesively contacted with the inner wall of the outer-layer rubber 2 of the plugging structure; the surface of the tolerance fitting surface 5 is a viscous material, arranged at the lower part of the inner-layer rubber 3 of the plugging structure, and adhesively contacted with the inner wall of the outer-layer rubber 2 of the plugging structure; along the length direction of the tunnel segment concrete block 1, a drainage hole 8 is arranged at the middle position of the lower parts of the outer-layer rubber 2 of the plugging structure, the inner-layer rubber 3 of the plugging structure, and the tolerance fitting surface 5, so that the semi-cylindrical chamber in the inner-layer rubber 3 of the plugging structure is communicated with the drainage hole 8.

[0010] After adjacent concrete blocks 1 of the shield tunnel segment are spliced, the two semi-cylindrical inner-layer rubbers 3 of the plugging structure form a cylindrical cavity structure, that is, a water storage cavity 4; and the tolerance fitting surfaces 5 of adjacent prefabricated structure monomers are adhesively contacted to prevent water leakage of the water storage cavity 4 caused by assembly errors and play a protective role;

[0011] The drainage hole 8 is sequentially connected to the water guiding pipe 11 through the constant-pressure water outlet valve 9 and the water pipe joint 10. The water guiding pipe 11 is fixed on the tunnel segment concrete block 1 through the water guiding pipe fixing buckle 12, and the water discharged from the water guiding pipe 11 is centrally collected and then discharged from the shield tunnel.

[0012] When the formation water pressure breaks through the outer rubber 2 of the plugging structure and then the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure in sequence, water enters the water storage cavity 4. Then, the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure swells and deforms upon contact with water, plugging the gap formed by the water pressure breaking through the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure. Further, after the water pressure breaks through the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure multiple times, the volume of the water body in the water storage cavity 4 increases. When the water pressure in the water storage cavity 4 reaches the pressure preset by the constant-pressure water outlet valve 9, the water in the water storage cavity 4 is discharged through the water conduction pipeline 11, completing a water plugging and drainage cycle.

[0013] The combined structure of the outer rubber 2 and the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure is the first layer of plugging. When the plugging structure is broken through by groundwater, the swelling deformation of the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure is used to further plug the gap broken through by the water pressure, which is the second layer of plugging. Further, after the first two layers of plugging structures are damaged and the water pressure in the water storage cavity 4 reaches the pressure preset by the constant-pressure water outlet valve 9, it is discharged through the water conduction pipeline 11 and then out of the shield system, forming a drainage system for the caulking structure, preventing the seepage damage of groundwater to existing buildings.

[0014] The hollow structure at the lower part of the outer rubber 2 of the plugging structure forms a reserved space after the adjacent shield tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 are spliced. When there is an installation deviation of the adjacent shield tunnel segment concrete blocks 1, it ensures that the shield tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 will not cause corner damage due to mutual extrusion on both sides of the caulking when subjected to the stress caused by the bending moment.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1) The caulking structure pre-pastes the plugging structure on the surface of the caulking, completing the fitting of the unilateral structures on both sides during the segment splicing process, eliminating the processes of cleaning the caulking and filling the caulking plugging structure after the shield tunnel segments are assembled, and improving the construction efficiency.

[0017] 2) Since the caulking plugging structure is pre-pasted before assembly, it can play a certain role in protecting the concrete near the caulking, preventing the concrete near the caulking from being damaged or even the steel bars being exposed due to assembly errors. At the same time, a reserved space is left at the lower part of the structure, ensuring that the concrete will not be damaged due to the collision and extrusion of the unilateral structures on both sides.

[0018] 3) In the caulking plugging structure, a tolerance fitting surface is reserved under the water storage cavity, improving the allowable value of the fixed caulking plugging structure for the precision problem of segment assembly work, and avoiding the failure of the water plugging structure caused by assembly problems.

[0019] 4) The caulking process adopts the concept of collecting first and then discharging. Through the cooperation of the expansion characteristics of the inner-layer rubber of the sealing structure and the drainage device, the control and discharge of groundwater seepage are achieved, solving the problems that the conventional caulking is punctured or falls off under the action of water pressure and the loss of water diversion ability, as well as the potential safety hazards caused by seepage water. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Installation schematic diagram of the caulking and sealing structure in the longitudinal section of the shield tunnel;

[0021] Figure 2 Yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the caulking and sealing structure at location B in the middle;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single segment concrete block of the shield tunnel

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the splicing of adjacent segment concrete blocks of the shield tunnel

[0024] Figure 5 Two adjacent segment concrete blocks of the shield tunnel installed with the precast caulking and sealing structure

[0025] Figure 6 For Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-section (a-a section) structure;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the caulking and sealing structure from the bottom-up view (general position);

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the caulking and sealing structure from the bottom-up view (water outlet position);

[0028] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the layout of the drain pipe of the caulking structure at 86 degrees at the bottom of the arch;

[0029] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the layout of the drain pipe of the caulking structure at 43 degrees at the top of the arch;

[0030] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the microscopic connection structure between the caulking and sealing structure and the concrete.

[0031] Description of the reference numerals:

[0032] 1—concrete block of shield tunnel segment; 111—concrete block of left shield tunnel segment; 112—concrete block of right shield tunnel segment; 113—caulking groove on the left; 114—caulking groove on the right; 2—outer rubber layer of sealing structure; 3—inner rubber layer of sealing structure; 4—water-containing cavity; 5—tolerance fitting surface; 6—adhesive; 7—frosted layer; 8—drain hole 8; 9—constant pressure water outlet valve; 10—water pipe joint; 11—water conduit; 12—water conduit fixing buckle; 13—power supply contact network; 14—track; 15—ballast bed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for groundwater first blocking and then draining. To better illustrate the content of the present invention, a left shield tunnel segment concrete block 111, a right shield tunnel segment concrete block 112, a left caulking groove 113, a right caulking groove 114, a membrane A, an adhesive 6, a frosted layer 7, a power supply contact network 13, a track 14, and a ballast bed 15 are introduced.

[0034] The caulking of shield tunnels is an important part of waterproofing in subway construction and operation. The caulking of the segments should be focused on preventing locations where the tunnel is deformed and the segment joints are open, such as tunnel entrances and exits and connecting passages. However, in other locations, the caulking mainly serves to divert and drain water. This structure can be applied to general areas of shield tunnel waterproofing. In this area, the caulking structure generally prevents water leakage from the arch and damages the power supply contact network 13. At the bottom of the arch, it generally prevents water from seeping into the soil under the tunnel, causing water to seep out of the track 14 and the base bed 15. Figure 1 As shown, the present caulking structure provides a specific implementation scheme within the range of 43° at the arch top and 86° at the arch bottom.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, a concrete pipe segment caulking and drainage structure for groundwater first blocking and then draining includes a blocking structure outer rubber 2, a blocking structure inner rubber 3, a water-containing cavity 4, a tolerance fitting surface 5, a drainage hole 8, a constant pressure water outlet valve 9, a water pipe joint 10, a water guide pipe 11, and a water guide pipe fixing buckle 12; Figure 3 As shown, the tunnel segment concrete block 1 includes a left caulking groove 113 and a right caulking groove 114; Figure 4 As shown, adjacent tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 are spliced, and an example is given of the splicing of the left shield tunnel segment concrete block 111 and the right shield tunnel segment concrete block 112; the right caulking groove 114 at the lower part of the left shield tunnel segment concrete block 111 is butted with the left caulking groove 113 of the right shield tunnel segment concrete block 112, and the caulking sealing prefabricated structure of the present invention is installed in the left caulking groove 113 and the right caulking groove 114.

[0036] As shown Figure 5 in the figure, specifically, within a single caulking groove, the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure is installed on the inner wall of the caulking groove through membrane A, and hollow structures are provided in the middle and lower parts; the inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure is semi-cylindrical, made of water-swellable material, and is installed in the middle of the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure and adhesively contacts the inner wall of the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure; the surface of the tolerance fitting surface 5 is a sticky material, which is provided at the lower part of the inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure and adhesively contacts the inner wall of the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure; along the length direction of the tunnel segment concrete block 1, drain holes 8 are provided at the middle position of the lower parts of the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure, the inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure, and the tolerance fitting surface 5, so that the semi-cylindrical chamber inside the inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure is communicated with the drain holes 8.

[0037] As shown Figure 7 and Figure 8 in the figure, the drain holes 8 are sequentially connected to the water guide pipe 11 through the constant pressure water outlet valve 9 and the water pipe joint 10. The water guide pipe 11 is fixed on the tunnel segment concrete block 1 through the water guide pipe fixing buckle 12. The water discharged from the water guide pipe 11 is centrally collected and then discharged from the shield tunnel;

[0038] The outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) synthetic rubber;

[0039] The inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure is made of water-swellable rubber.

[0040] The length of the tolerance fitting surface 5 is set to 2 mm.

[0041] The hollow structure at the lower part of the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure forms a reserved space after the adjacent tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 of the shield tunnel are spliced. When there is an installation deviation of the adjacent tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 of the shield tunnel, the two side tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 of the shield tunnel will not cause corner damage due to excessive contact stress at the caulking joint.

[0042] As shown Figure 11 in the figure, the adhesive 6 is a butyl water-based adhesive doped with resin; the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure is adhesively bonded to the tunnel segment concrete block 1 of the shield tunnel, and a frosted layer 7 is added to increase the contact area and bonding effect of the adhesive.

[0043] After the design is completed, the double-layer sealing structure is prefabricated in the factory, that is, the prefabrication of the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure and the inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure. After being transported to the vicinity of the construction site together with the tunnel segment concrete block 1 of the shield tunnel, first, the dust on the caulking surface of the shield tunnel needs to be cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, the butyl water-based adhesive 6 doped with resin is applied to the concrete surface. Finally, the shaped caulking frosted surface 7 is adhesively bonded to the caulking. Then, the outer layer rubber 2 of the sealing structure, the semi-cylindrical inner layer rubber 3 of the sealing structure, and the tolerance fitting surface 5 are installed in sequence, and the drain holes 8 are reserved. As shown Figure 6As shown, subsequently, after the adjacent shield tunnel segment concrete blocks 1 are spliced, the inner rubber 3 of the two semi-cylindrical plugging structures forms a cylindrical cavity structure, namely, a water-containing cavity 4; and the tolerance-fitting surfaces 5 of the adjacent precast structural monomers are adhesively contacted to avoid water leakage from the water-containing cavity 4 caused by assembly errors and play a protective role. At the shield site, a drainage hole 8, a constant-pressure water outlet valve 9, a water pipe joint 10, a water guide pipe 11, and a water guide pipe fixing buckle 12 are installed to form a drainage structure.

[0044] When the formation water pressure penetrates the outer rubber 2 of the plugging structure and the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure in sequence, water enters the water-containing cavity 4, and the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure swells and deforms when encountering water, filling the gap formed by the water pressure penetrating the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure; further, when the water pressure penetrates the inner rubber 3 of the plugging structure multiple times, the volume of the water body in the water-containing cavity 4 increases. When the water pressure in the water-containing cavity 4 reaches the pressure preset by the constant-pressure water outlet valve 9, the water in the water-containing cavity 4 is discharged through the water guide pipe 11, completing a water-blocking and drainage cycle.

[0045] As Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, the water pipe joints 10 are arranged slightly differently in the 43-degree range of the vault and the 86-degree range of the invert. Because the water pipe can pass through the upper space of the power supply contact network in the 43-degree range of the vault, but the water pipe cannot pass through the bed in the 86-degree range of the invert (this setting method will damage the structure of the bed and make it easy to be damaged). Therefore, the water pipe joints 10 are connected bidirectionally in the 43-degree range of the vault, but only unidirectionally in the 86-degree range of the invert. The water pipe joint 10 is the end position of the water pipe and does not extend to the other side.

[0046] The water guide pipes 11 fixed to the inner wall of the shield tunnel segment by the water guide pipe fixing buckles 12 are connected in series with multiple water pipe joints 10, and each water pipe joint 10 is connected to the water-containing cavity 4 through the drainage hole 8, thereby realizing the connection of the overall space.

[0047] The above description of the embodiments is for the convenience of those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various modifications to these embodiments easily and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative labor. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments here, and the improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention according to the disclosure of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging groundwater first and then draining, characterized in that, it includes an outer rubber of the plugging structure (2), an inner rubber of the plugging structure (3), a water-containing cavity (4), a tolerance fitting surface (5), a drainage hole (8), a constant-pressure water outlet valve (9), a water pipe joint (10), a water guiding pipe (11), and a water guiding pipe fixing buckle (12); this structure is used for plugging and draining the gaps between the concrete blocks (1) of the shield tunnel segments; an caulking groove is arranged at the lower part of the concrete block (1) of the shield tunnel segment, and the caulking grooves between adjacent concrete blocks (1) of the shield tunnel segment are of a symmetric structure. The caulking and plugging prefabricated structure includes two symmetric prefabricated structure monomers, and the prefabricated structure monomer is installed in a single caulking groove; In a single caulking groove, the outer rubber of the plugging structure (2) is installed on the inner wall of the caulking groove, and a hollow structure is arranged in the middle and lower parts; the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3) is semi-cylindrical, made of a water-swellable material, installed in the middle of the outer rubber of the plugging structure (2), and is adhesively contacted with the inner wall of the outer rubber of the plugging structure (2); the surface of the tolerance fitting surface (5) is a viscous material, arranged at the lower part of the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3), and is adhesively contacted with the inner wall of the outer rubber of the plugging structure (2); Along the length direction of the tunnel segment concrete block 1, a drainage hole (8) is arranged at the middle position of the lower parts of the outer rubber of the plugging structure (2), the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3), and the tolerance fitting surface (5), so that the semi-cylindrical chamber in the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3) is communicated with the drainage hole (8); After adjacent concrete blocks (1) of the shield tunnel segment are spliced, the two semi-cylindrical inner rubbers of the plugging structure (3) form a cylindrical cavity structure, that is, a water-containing cavity (4); and the tolerance fitting surfaces (5) of adjacent prefabricated structure monomers are adhesively contacted to prevent water leakage of the water-containing cavity (4) caused by assembly errors and play a protective role; The drainage hole (8) is sequentially connected to the water guiding pipe (11) through the constant-pressure water outlet valve (9) and the water pipe joint (10). The water guiding pipe (11) is fixed on the tunnel segment concrete block (1) through the water guiding pipe fixing buckle (12), and the water discharged from the water guiding pipe (11) is collected centrally and then discharged from the shield tunnel.

2. A concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging groundwater first and then draining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the formation water pressure penetrates through the outer rubber of the plugging structure (2) and the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3) in sequence, water enters the water-containing cavity (4); then, the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3) swells and deforms when encountering water, filling the gap formed by the water pressure penetrating through the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3); further, after the water pressure penetrates through the inner rubber of the plugging structure (3) multiple times, the volume of the water body in the water-containing cavity (4) increases. When the water pressure in the water-containing cavity (4) reaches the pressure preset by the constant-pressure water outlet valve (9), the water in the water-containing cavity (4) is discharged through the water guiding pipe (11) to complete a water plugging and drainage cycle.

3. A concrete segment caulking and drainage structure for plugging groundwater first and then draining as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The combined structure of the outer rubber (2) and the inner rubber (3) of the plugging structure is the first layer of plugging; when the plugging structure is penetrated by groundwater, the expansion deformation of the inner rubber (3) of the plugging structure is used to further plug the gap penetrated by the water pressure, which is the second layer of plugging; further, when the first two layers of plugging structures are damaged and the water pressure in the water storage cavity (4) reaches the pressure preset by the constant-pressure water outlet valve (9), it is discharged from the shield system through the water conduction pipeline (11), forming a drainage system for the caulking structure, preventing the seepage damage of groundwater to existing buildings.

4. A caulking and drainage structure for concrete segments for plugging groundwater first and then discharging, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow structure at the lower part of the outer rubber (2) of the plugging structure forms a reserved space after the splicing of adjacent concrete blocks (1) of the shield tunnel segment. When there is an installation deviation of the adjacent concrete blocks (1) of the shield tunnel segment, the two adjacent concrete blocks (1) of the shield tunnel segment will not cause corner damage due to excessive contact stress at the caulking joint.

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