A method and device for measuring and selecting a reducer gasket

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of the assembly of drive motors for new energy vehicles, and specifically relates to a method and device for measuring shims of a speed reducer, which includes the following steps. First, three points are taken on the mating surfaces of the speed reducer cover and the housing respectively, and the xyz-axis coordinates are measured. The normal vector and the plane equation of the mating surface are obtained through the plane equation. Then, three points are taken on the bearing surfaces and bearing chambers of the speed reducer cover and the housing respectively, and the xyz-axis coordinates are measured. Combining with the normal vectors of the corresponding mating surfaces, the center coordinates of the bearing surfaces and bearing chambers are obtained through the circle equation. Then, the distances from the centers of the bearing surfaces and bearing chambers to the corresponding mating surfaces are calculated through the point-to-plane distance formula. Finally, the distance from the center of the bearing chamber to the mating surface is subtracted by the distance from the corresponding bearing surface to the mating surface and then subtracted by the reserved clearance to obtain the thicknesses of the intermediate shaft and differential shims. Based on the above method, the problems of time-consuming and inaccurate operation of selecting and matching the speed reducer bearing shims can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicle drive motor assembly, and specifically relates to a method and device for selecting and measuring a reducer gasket. Background Art

[0002] In the assembly structure of a new energy motor, when the reducer housing and the reducer cover are closed, a gasket with a suitable thickness needs to be selected and installed in the bearing chamber of the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing on the reducer cover to achieve the purpose of adjusting the transmission clearance of the reducer and the differential. In the existing process of selecting and matching bearing gaskets, the selector needs to obtain two parameter values. One of the parameter values is the distance from the bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface, which is usually obtained by measuring the distance from the bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface multiple times with a measuring instrument and taking the average value. The other parameter value is the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface, which is usually provided by the manufacturer of the reducer cover. After the selector obtains the above two parameter values, the difference between the two parameter values is calculated, which is the thickness of the bearing gasket to be installed. However, the distance from the bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface is measured multiple times and averaged, and there is almost an error every time, resulting in the accumulation of errors, and ultimately making the selection of the bearing gasket time-consuming and inaccurate.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a method and device for selecting and measuring a reducer gasket, which can solve the problems of time-consuming and inaccurate operation of selecting and matching the reducer bearing gasket. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method and device for selecting and measuring a reducer gasket, which can solve the problems of time-consuming and inaccurate operation of selecting and matching the reducer bearing gasket.

[0005] A measuring device for selecting and matching reducer gaskets includes a reducer cover measuring mechanism, a reducer housing measuring mechanism, a reducer cover positioning and transplanting component, a lifting and positioning mechanism, an equipment switch, a programmable logic controller, and an MES computer. The first port of the equipment switch is connected to the network cable communication port of the programmable logic controller, and the second port of the equipment switch is connected to the communication port of the MES computer. A reducer cover positioning and transplanting component is provided below the reducer cover measuring mechanism, and a lifting and positioning mechanism is provided below the reducer housing measuring mechanism. The communication end of the reducer cover measuring sensor of the reducer cover measuring mechanism is connected to the fourth port of the equipment switch, and the communication end of the reducer housing measuring sensor of the reducer housing measuring mechanism is connected to the fifth port of the equipment switch. The displacement signal control end of the lifting and positioning mechanism is connected to the input end of the programmable logic controller, and the lifting control end of the lifting and positioning mechanism is connected to the output end of the programmable logic controller. The reducer cover measuring mechanism includes a mating surface measuring component one, an intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component, and a differential bearing chamber measuring component. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component and the differential bearing chamber measuring component are arranged adjacent to each other, and the mating surface measuring component one is arranged around the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component and the differential bearing chamber measuring component. The mating surface measuring component one is aligned with the mating surface of the reducer cover, the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component is aligned with the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover, and the differential bearing chamber measuring component is aligned with the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover. The reducer housing measuring mechanism includes a mating surface measuring component two, a differential bearing surface measuring component, and an intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component. The differential bearing surface measuring component is arranged on one side of the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component, and the mating surface measuring component two is arranged around the differential bearing surface measuring component and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component. The mating surface measuring component two is aligned with the mating surface of the reducer housing, the differential bearing surface measuring component is aligned with the differential bearing surface of the reducer housing, and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component is aligned with the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component includes a contact measuring sensor one and an intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor one through a floating component one, and the lower part of the contact measuring sensor one contacts the upper surface of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head. The differential bearing chamber measuring component includes a contact measuring sensor two and a differential bearing chamber measuring head. The differential bearing chamber measuring head is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor two through a floating component two, and the lower part of the contact measuring sensor two contacts the upper surface of the differential bearing chamber measuring head.

[0006] A method using a measuring device for selecting and matching reducer gaskets. Step S1: Fix the reducer cover on the reducer cover transplanting and positioning mechanism, and fix the reducer housing on the jacking and positioning mechanism. Take 3 points on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, the mating surface of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface respectively, and measure the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point. Step S2: Calculate the distance from the intermediate shaft of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber of the differential to the mating surface of the reducer cover, the intermediate shaft of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface of the differential to the mating surface of the reducer housing respectively according to the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, the mating surface of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface. Step S3: Calculate the thickness T1 of the intermediate shaft gasket and the thickness T2 of the differential gasket. T1 = d1 - d2 - M, T2 = D1 - D2 - M, where M is the reserved clearance, d1 is the distance from the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, D1 is the distance from the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, d2 is the distance from the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing, and D2 is the distance from the differential bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing. The method for measuring the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, or the mating surface of the reducer housing, the bearing surface includes the following steps. Step S11: The mating surface measuring component one of the reducer cover measuring mechanism and the mating surface measuring component two of the reducer housing measuring mechanism respectively measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover and the reducer housing. Combine the X and Y-axis coordinates of the mating surface measuring component one and the mating surface measuring component two themselves to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface. Step S12: The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component and the differential bearing chamber measuring component of the reducer cover measuring mechanism respectively measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber. Combine the X and Y-axis coordinates of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head and the differential bearing chamber measuring head themselves to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber. Step S13: The differential bearing surface measuring component and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component of the reducer housing measuring mechanism respectively measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the differential bearing surface and the intermediate shaft bearing surface. Combine the X and Y-axis coordinates of the differential bearing surface measuring component and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component themselves to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber. The calculation method for the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover and the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing includes the following steps. Step S1a: From the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface, through the plane equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, obtain the plane equation of the mating surface, and calculate the surface normal vector of the mating surface. The calculation formula is: Step S2a: Based on the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the bearing chamber or bearing surface of the intermediate shaft and the differential, the center points of the bearing chamber or bearing surface of the intermediate shaft and the differential are calculated respectively through the normal vector calculation formula in Step S1a combined with the circle equation. The calculation formulas are as follows: The circle equation is:

[0007] After being transformed by the matrix into: The solved center coordinates are: The radius is:

[0008] Step S3a: According to the center coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of each point on the bearing chamber or bearing surface of the intermediate shaft and the differential obtained in Step S2a, combined with the fitting surface equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 of the assembly surface obtained in Step S1a, and then according to the distance formula from a point in space to a plane: d1, D1, d2, and D2 are obtained respectively.

[0009] In the said Step S3, the reserved gap M is 0.01 mm to 0.02 mm.

[0010] At the upper ends of the reducer cover measuring mechanism and the reducer housing measuring mechanism, there are respectively automatic transplanting mechanisms. The automatic transplanting mechanism includes a servo motor, a transmission position detection sensor, and a transmission connecting piece. The lower part of the servo motor is connected to the transmission connecting piece. The transmission position detection sensor is arranged around the transmission connecting piece. The control end one of the automatic transplanting mechanism at the upper end of the reducer cover measuring mechanism and the control end two of the automatic transplanting mechanism at the upper end of the reducer housing measuring mechanism are connected in parallel and then connected to the port three of the equipment switch. The transmission connecting piece includes a ball screw assembly and a linear bearing assembly. The linear bearing assembly is arranged around the ball screw assembly.

[0011] The upper ends of the reducer cover measuring mechanism and the reducer housing measuring mechanism are connected to the automatic transplanting mechanism by a floating sleeve and a pin sleeve.

[0012] On the other side of the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component, there is a driving shaft rotating component. The driving shaft rotating component includes a servo rotating motor, a guide rod cylinder, and a sleeve. The lower part of the servo rotating motor is connected to the sleeve. There is a guide rod cylinder on one side of the servo rotating motor. The sleeve is matched with the locking nut above the driving shaft.

[0013] The described differential bearing surface measurement assembly includes a contact measurement sensor III, an indirect measurement plate I, a bearing outer ring surface press head I, and a differential shaft guide rod. The indirect measurement plate I is floatingly arranged below the contact measurement sensor III through a floating assembly III. The lower part of the contact measurement sensor III contacts the upper surface of the indirect measurement plate I. The lower part of the differential shaft guide rod passes through the indirect measurement plate I, and the lower part of the indirect measurement plate I is connected to the bearing outer ring surface press head I. The bearing outer ring surface press head I is sleeved on the lower end of the differential shaft guide rod.

[0014] The described intermediate shaft bearing surface measurement assembly includes a contact measurement sensor IV, an indirect measurement plate II, a bearing outer ring surface press head II, and an intermediate shaft guide rod. The indirect measurement plate II is floatingly arranged below the contact measurement sensor IV through a floating assembly IV. The lower part of the contact measurement sensor IV contacts the upper surface of the indirect measurement plate II. The lower part of the intermediate shaft guide rod passes through the indirect measurement plate II, and the lower part of the indirect measurement plate II is connected to the bearing outer ring surface press head II. The bearing outer ring surface press head II is sleeved on the lower end of the intermediate shaft guide rod.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, in the present invention, three points are respectively taken on the mating surfaces of the reducer cover and the reducer housing, and the xyz-axis coordinates of these three points are measured. Through the plane equation, the surface normal vector and the plane equation of the mating surface of the reducer cover and the reducer housing are obtained. Then, three points are respectively taken on the bearing surfaces and bearing chambers of the reducer cover and the reducer housing, and the xyz-axis coordinates of these three points are measured. Combining with the surface normal vector of the corresponding mating surface, the center coordinates of the simulated circles of the bearing surfaces and bearing chambers are obtained through the circle equation. The distances from the centers of the bearing surfaces and bearing chambers to the corresponding mating surfaces are calculated through the point-to-plane distance formula. Finally, the distance from the center of the intermediate shaft and differential bearing chambers to the mating surface is subtracted by the distance from the intermediate shaft and differential bearing surfaces to the mating surface and then subtracted by the reserved clearance to obtain the intermediate shaft gasket thickness T1 and the differential gasket thickness T2. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 is the front view of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 is the connection schematic diagram of the reducer housing measurement mechanism and the automatic transplanting mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged view of part A of

[0020] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the reducer cover measurement mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6It is a partial cross-sectional view of the measuring mechanism for the reducer cover of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measuring assembly for the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measuring assembly for the differential bearing chamber of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measuring mechanism for the reducer housing of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the driving shaft rotating assembly of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measuring assembly for the differential bearing surface of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measuring assembly for the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 13 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the measuring assembly for the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 14 It is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning and lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 15 It is a side view of the positioning and lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the reducer housing of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 17 It is a schematic diagram of the reducer cover of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 18 It is a connection block diagram of the electrical system of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] Now, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 - 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 The present invention is a method using a measuring device for selecting and matching reducer gaskets, including the following steps.

[0036] Step S1, fix the reducer cover on the reducer cover transplanting and positioning mechanism 3, and fix the reducer housing on the lifting and positioning mechanism 4. Take 3 points on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, the mating surface of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface respectively, and measure the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point. Step S2, calculate the distances from the intermediate shaft of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber of the differential to the mating surface of the reducer cover, the intermediate shaft of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface of the differential to the mating surface of the reducer housing respectively according to the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, the mating surface of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface.

[0037] Step S3, calculate the thickness T1 of the intermediate shaft gasket and the thickness T2 of the differential gasket. T1 = d1 - d2 - M, T2 = D1 - D2 - M, where M is the reserved gap, as Figure 16 , Figure 17 shown. d1 is the distance from the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, D1 is the distance from the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, d2 is the distance from the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing, and D2 is the distance from the differential bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing.

[0038] The method for measuring the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, or the mating surface of the reducer housing, the bearing surface includes the following steps.

[0039] Step S11, the mating surface measuring component one 1-1 of the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the mating surface measuring component two 2-1 of the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover and the reducer housing respectively. Combine the X and Y axis coordinates of the mating surface measuring component one 1-1 and the mating surface measuring component two 2-1 itself to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface.

[0040] Step S12, the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component 1-2 and the differential bearing chamber measuring component 1-3 of the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber respectively. Combine the X and Y axis coordinates of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5 and the differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7 itself to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber.

[0041] Step S13, the differential bearing surface measuring component 2-2 and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component 2-3 of the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the differential bearing surface and the intermediate shaft bearing surface respectively. Combine the X and Y axis coordinates of the differential bearing surface measuring component 2-2 and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component 2-3 itself to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber.

[0042] The calculation method for the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover and the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing includes the following steps. Step S1a: From the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface, through the plane equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, obtain the plane equation of the mating surface and calculate the surface normal vector of the mating surface. The calculation formula is: Step S2a: From the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the bearing chamber or bearing surface of the intermediate shaft and differential, respectively calculate the centers of the bearing chambers or bearing surfaces of the intermediate shaft and differential through the normal vector calculation formula in Step S1a combined with the circle equation. The calculation formulas are as follows: The circle equation is:

[0043]

[0044] By matrix transformation:

[0045] Solve to obtain the center coordinates as:

[0046] The radius is:

[0047] Step S3a: According to the center coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of each point on the bearing chambers or bearing surfaces of the intermediate shaft and differential obtained in Step S2a, combined with the fitting surface equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 of the mating surface obtained in Step S1a, and then according to the distance formula from a point in space to a plane:

[0048] Respectively obtain d1, D1, d2, D2.

[0049] Among them, in the said Step S3, the reserved gap M is 0.01 mm to 0.02 mm.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 18As shown in the figure, the present invention also provides a measuring device for selecting and matching reducer gaskets, including a reducer cover measuring mechanism 1, a reducer housing measuring mechanism 2, a reducer cover positioning and transplanting component 3, a jacking and positioning mechanism 4, a device switch 7, a programmable logic controller 8, and an MES computer 9. The first port of the device switch 7 is connected to the network cable communication port of the programmable logic controller 8, and the second port of the device switch 7 is connected to the communication port of the MES computer 9. A reducer cover positioning and transplanting component 3 is provided below the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1, and a jacking and positioning mechanism 5 is provided below the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2. A reducer cover positioning and transplanting component 3 is provided below the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1, and a jacking and positioning mechanism 4 is provided below the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2. A reducer cover positioning and transplanting component 3 is provided below the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1, and a jacking and positioning mechanism 4 is provided below the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2. The communication end of the reducer cover measuring sensor of the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 is connected to the fourth port of the device switch 7, and the communication end of the reducer housing measuring sensor of the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 is connected to the fifth port of the device switch 7. The displacement signal control end of the jacking and positioning mechanism 4 is connected to the first input end of the programmable logic controller 8, and the lifting control end of the jacking and positioning mechanism 4 is connected to the first output end of the programmable logic controller 8. Combining Figure 5 , the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 includes a mating surface measuring component 1-1, an intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component 1-2, and a differential bearing chamber measuring component 1-3. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component 1-2 and the differential bearing chamber measuring component 1-3 are arranged adjacent to each other. The mating surface measuring component 1-1 is arranged around the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component 1-2 and the differential bearing chamber measuring component 1-3. The mating surface measuring component 1-1 is aligned with the mating surface of the reducer cover, the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component 1-2 is aligned with the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover, and the differential bearing chamber measuring component 1-3 is aligned with the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover. Combining Figure 9 , the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 includes a mating surface measuring component 2-1, a differential bearing surface measuring component 2-2, and an intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component 2-3. The differential bearing surface measuring component 2-2 is arranged on one side of the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component 2-3. The mating surface measuring component 2-1 is arranged around the differential bearing surface measuring component 2-2 and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component 2-3. The mating surface measuring component 2-1 is aligned with the mating surface of the reducer housing, the differential bearing surface measuring component 2-2 is aligned with the differential bearing surface of the reducer housing, and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component 2-3 is aligned with the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing.

[0051] As Figures 2 - 3 , Figure 18As shown in the figure, automatic transplanting mechanisms 6 are provided at the upper ends of the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2. The automatic transplanting mechanism 6 includes a servo motor 6-1, a transmission position detection sensor 6-2, and a transmission connecting member 6-3. The lower part of the servo motor 6-1 is connected to the transmission connecting member 6-3. The transmission position detection sensor 6-2 is arranged on one side of the transmission connecting member 6-3. The control end one of the automatic transplanting mechanism 6 at the upper end of the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the control end two of the automatic transplanting mechanism 6 at the upper end of the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 are connected in parallel and then connected to port three of the equipment switch 7. The transmission connecting member 6-3 includes a ball screw assembly 6-5 and a linear bearing assembly 6-6. The linear bearing assembly 6-6 is arranged around the ball screw assembly 6-5. Combined with Figure 4 , the upper ends of the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 are connected to the automatic transplanting mechanism 6 by a floating sleeve 10 and a pin sleeve 11.

[0052] As Figure 7 shown, the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring assembly 1-2 includes a contact measuring sensor one 1-4 and an intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5 is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor one 1-4 through a floating connecting member one. The lower part of the contact measuring sensor one 1-4 is in contact with the upper surface of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5.

[0053] As Figure 8 shown, the differential bearing chamber measuring assembly 1-2 includes a contact measuring sensor two 1-6 and a differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7. The differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7 is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor two 1-6 through a floating connecting member two. The lower part of the contact measuring sensor two 1-6 is in contact with the upper surface of the differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7.

[0054] As Figure 9 , Figure 10 shown, on the other side of the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring assembly 2-3, there is a main shaft rotating assembly 2-4. The main shaft rotating assembly 2-4 includes a servo rotating motor 2-13, a guide rod cylinder 2-14, and a sleeve 2-15. The lower part of the servo rotating motor 2-13 is connected to the sleeve 2-15. A guide rod cylinder 2-14 is arranged on one side of the servo rotating motor 2-13. The sleeve 2-15 is matched with the locking nut above the main shaft.

[0055] As Figure 11As shown, the differential bearing surface measurement assembly 2-2 includes a contact measurement sensor III 2-5, an indirect measurement plate I 2-6, an outer bearing ring surface press head I 2-7, and a differential shaft guide rod 2-8. The indirect measurement plate I 2-6 is arranged below the contact measurement sensor III 2-5 through a floating connector III. The lower part of the contact measurement sensor III 2-5 contacts the upper surface of the indirect measurement plate I 2-6. The lower part of the differential shaft guide rod 2-8 passes through the indirect measurement plate I 2-6. The lower part of the indirect measurement plate I 2-6 is connected to the outer bearing ring surface press head I 2-7, and the outer bearing ring surface press head I 2-7 is sleeved on the lower end of the differential shaft guide rod 2-8.

[0056] As Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the intermediate shaft bearing surface measurement assembly 2-3 includes a contact measurement sensor IV 2-9, an indirect measurement plate II 2-10, an outer bearing ring surface press head II 2-11, and an intermediate shaft guide rod 2-12. The indirect measurement plate II 2-10 is arranged below the contact measurement sensor IV 2-9 through a floating connector IV. The lower part of the contact measurement sensor IV 2-9 contacts the upper surface of the indirect measurement plate II 2-10. The lower part of the intermediate shaft guide rod 2-12 passes through the indirect measurement plate II 2-10. The lower part of the indirect measurement plate II 2-10 is connected to the outer bearing ring surface press head II 2-11, and the outer bearing ring surface press head II 2-11 is sleeved on the lower end of the intermediate shaft guide rod 2-12.

[0057] As Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, the jacking positioning mechanism 4 includes a jacking support plate 4-1, a jacking cylinder 4-2, a tray blocking cylinder 4-3, a support limiting cylinder 4-4, and a support limiting block 4-5. The lower surface of the jacking support plate 4-1 is connected to the jacking cylinder 4-2. A tray blocking cylinder 4-3 is arranged on one side of the jacking support plate 4-1. A support limiting block 4-5 is arranged below the jacking support plate 4-1, and the outer side surface of the support limiting block 4-5 is connected to the support limiting cylinder 4-4.

[0058] Example: The sensors on the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 are Keyence high-precision contact sensors. The sensors are connected to the Keyence communication module, and the Keyence communication module is connected to the equipment switch 7. The PROFINET communication mode is adopted. It is necessary to regularly calibrate and zero the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 with a calibration tooling. Since the Z-axis coordinate among the three-point coordinates on the bearing surface and bearing chamber of the intermediate shaft and differential is the height change value relative to the calibration component, the actual measured distance needs to add the calibration distance from the bearing chamber or bearing end face of the calibration component to the simulated mating surface. When selecting gaskets for the reducer, first manually write the information of the reducer cover and reducer housing into the MES, and then select the appropriate intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5 and differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7 according to the type of the reducer cover. Install the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5 and the differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7 below the contact measuring sensor 1-4 and the contact measuring sensor 1-6 through the floating component 1 and the floating component 2, combined with Figure 7 , the floating component 1 and the floating component 2 include an oil-free bushing 1-8 and a guide rod 1-9. The oil-free bushing 1-8 is arranged around the contact measuring sensor 1-4 or the contact measuring sensor 1-6. The guide rod 1-9 passes through the oil-free bushing 1-8 and is connected to the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head 1-5 or the differential bearing chamber measuring head 1-7. Fix the reducer cover on the reducer cover positioning and transplanting component 3 through the reducer cover positioning tooling 9 and the reducer cover positioning tooling 3-2, and push it into the measuring position.

[0059] At the same time, select the appropriate bearing outer ring surface pressing head 1 2-7 and bearing outer ring surface pressing head 2 2-11 according to the type of the reducer housing. Fix the bearing outer ring surface pressing head 1 2-7 and the bearing outer ring surface pressing head 2 2-11 below the indirect measuring plate 1 2-6 and the indirect measuring plate 2 2-10. The indirect measuring plate 1 2-6 and the indirect measuring plate 2 2-10 are installed below the contact measuring sensor 3 2-5 and the contact measuring sensor 4 2-9 through the floating component 3 and the floating component 4, combined with Figure 11 , the floating component 3 and the floating component 4 include an oil-free bushing 2 2-16 and a guide rod 2 2-17. The oil-free bushing 2 2-16 is arranged around the contact measuring sensor 3 2-5 or the contact measuring sensor 4 2-9. The guide rod 2 2-17 passes through the oil-free bushing 2 2-16 and is connected to the indirect measuring plate 1 2-6 or the indirect measuring plate 2 2-10. Position the reducer housing through the tray blocking cylinder 4-3 and the support limiting block 4-5, and fix the reducer housing on the lifting support plate 4-1. The lifting cylinder 4-2 lifts the reducer housing to the measuring position.

[0060] When the transmission position detection sensor 6-2 detects that the reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 move to the set position, the programmable logic controller 8 controls the automatic transplanting mechanism 6 to descend by 1 mm. The reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 drive the floating sleeve 10 to rise and disengage from the automatic transplanting mechanism 6, so that the measurement accuracy is not affected by the cumulative errors such as the machining error, assembly error, and transmission error of the equipment parts.

[0061] When measuring the reducer cover, as the reducer cover measuring assembly 1 descends, the indenter of the mating surface measuring assembly 1-1 contacts the mating surface, and the measuring heads of the differential and the intermediate shaft bearing housing contact the corresponding bearing housings, causing the indenter of the mating surface measuring assembly, the measuring head 1-7 of the differential bearing housing, and the measuring head 1-5 of the intermediate shaft bearing housing to rise. As Figure 6 shown, the measuring sensor of the mating surface measuring assembly 1-1 measures the rising distance of the indenter, indirectly measures the Z-axis coordinate of the mating surface of the reducer housing, and obtains the XYZ-axis coordinates of 3 points on the mating surface by combining the X and Y coordinates of the mating surface measuring assembly 1-1. The contact measuring sensor 1-4 and the contact measuring sensor 1-6 measure the rising distances of the measuring head 1-5 of the intermediate shaft bearing housing and the measuring head 1-7 of the differential bearing housing, indirectly measure the Z-axis coordinates of the intermediate shaft bearing housing and the differential bearing housing, and obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of 3 points on the intermediate shaft bearing housing and the differential bearing housing by combining the X and Y axis coordinates of the measuring head 1-5 of the intermediate shaft bearing housing and the measuring head 1-7 of the differential bearing housing.

[0062] When measuring the reducer housing, as the measuring assembly 2 of the reducer housing descends, first, the differential bearing surface measuring assembly 2-2 and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring assembly 2-3 of the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 come into contact with the differential bearing surface and the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing. The differential shaft guide rod 2-8 contacts the inner chamfer of the differential shaft end inside the reducer housing, and the intermediate shaft guide rod 2-12 contacts the inner chamfer of the intermediate shaft end inside the reducer housing. The guide rod cylinder 2-14 of the driving shaft rotating assembly 2-4 drives the servo rotating motor 2-13 to descend, so that the sleeve 2-15 fits with the locking nut above the driving shaft, driving the driving shaft and the internal gear assembly of the reducer to rotate. After rotating three circles forward and three circles backward, it stops. The differential shaft and the intermediate shaft are straightened through the differential shaft guide rod 2-8 and the intermediate shaft guide rod 2-12, so that the outer ring and the inner ring of the tapered roller bearings on the intermediate shaft and the differential shaft are closely fitted. After that, the mating surface measuring assembly two 2-1 contacts the reducer housing, and the Z-axis coordinate of the mating surface of the reducer housing is indirectly measured by measuring the rising distance of the indenter of the mating surface measuring assembly two 2-1. The XYZ-axis coordinates of three points on the mating surface are obtained by combining the X and Y coordinates of the mating surface measuring assembly two 2-1; the indenter one 2-7 on the outer ring surface of the bearing of the differential shaft detection assembly 2-2 and the indenter two 2-11 on the outer ring surface of the bearing of the intermediate shaft detection assembly 2-3 come into contact with the differential bearing surface and the intermediate shaft bearing surface, driving the indirect measuring plate one 2-6 and the indirect measuring plate two 2-10 to rise. The Z-axis coordinates of the indirect measuring plate one 2-6 and the indirect measuring plate two 2-10 are measured by the contact measuring sensor three 2-5 and the contact measuring sensor four 2-9. The XYZ-axis coordinates of three points on the intermediate shaft bearing surface and the differential bearing surface are obtained by combining the X and Y axis coordinates of the differential bearing surface measuring assembly 2-2 and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring assembly 2-3 themselves.

[0063] The reducer cover measuring mechanism 1 and the reducer housing measuring mechanism 2 feedback the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface, bearing chamber of the reducer cover or the mating surface, bearing surface of the reducer housing obtained by measurement to the programmable logic controller 8 through the equipment switch 7. The programmable logic controller 8 obtains the plane equations of the mating surfaces of the reducer cover and the reducer housing through the surface equation, Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, based on the measured XYZ-axis coordinates of the mating surfaces of the reducer cover and the reducer housing, and calculates the surface normal vectors of the mating surfaces of the reducer cover and the reducer housing respectively. The calculation formula is:

[0064] According to the measured XYZ-axis coordinates of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber, differential bearing chamber, intermediate shaft bearing surface, and differential bearing surface, the centers of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber, differential bearing chamber, intermediate shaft bearing surface, and differential bearing surface are calculated respectively through the surface normal vector calculation formula of the mating surfaces of the reducer cover and the reducer housing combined with the circle equation. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0065] The equation of the circle is:

[0066] It is transformed into:

[0067] The coordinates of the center of the circle are solved as:

[0068] The radius is:

[0069] Then, by fitting the surface equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 for the centers of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber, differential bearing chamber, intermediate shaft bearing surface, differential bearing surface and the corresponding mating surfaces, and using the distance formula from a point in space to a plane: Such as Figure 16 、 Figure 17 shown, the distances d1 from the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, D1 from the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, d2 from the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing, and D2 from the differential bearing chamber of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing are obtained respectively.

[0070] Finally, the thickness T1 of the intermediate shaft gasket and the thickness T2 of the differential gasket are calculated. T1 = d1 - d2 - 0.02 mm, T2 = D1 - D2 - 0.02 mm, and the gasket thickness that meets the requirements is selected.

[0071] Therefore, the use of the present invention can solve the problems that the operation of selecting and matching the reducer bearing gasket is time-consuming and inaccurate.

Claims

1. A measuring device for matching and selecting a reducer gasket, comprising a reducer cover measuring mechanism (1), a reducer housing measuring mechanism (2), a reducer cover positioning and transplanting assembly (3), a jacking and positioning mechanism (4), an equipment switch (7), a programmable logic controller (8), and an MES computer (9). The first port of the equipment switch (7) is connected to the network cable communication port of the programmable logic controller (8), and the second port of the equipment switch (7) is connected to the communication port of the MES computer (9). It is characterized in that: There is a reducer cover positioning and transplanting component (3) below the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1), and a lifting and positioning mechanism (4) below the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2). There is a reducer cover positioning and transplanting component (3) below the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1), and a lifting and positioning mechanism (4) below the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2). The communication end of the reducer cover measuring sensor of the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) is connected to port four of the equipment switch (7), and the communication end of the reducer housing measuring sensor of the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2) is connected to port five of the equipment switch (7). The displacement signal control end of the lifting and positioning mechanism (4) is connected to the input end of the programmable logic controller (8), and the lifting control end of the lifting and positioning mechanism (4) is connected to the output end of the programmable logic controller (8). The reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) includes a mating surface measuring component one (1-1), an intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component (1-2), and a differential bearing chamber measuring component (1-3). The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component (1-2) and the differential bearing chamber measuring component (1-3) are arranged adjacent to each other. The mating surface measuring component one (1-1) is arranged around the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component (1-2) and the differential bearing chamber measuring component (1-3). The mating surface measuring component one (1-1) is aligned with the mating surface of the reducer cover. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component (1-2) is aligned with the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover. The differential bearing chamber measuring component (1-3) is aligned with the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover. The reducer housing measuring mechanism (2) includes a mating surface measuring component two (2-1), a differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2), and an intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3). The differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2) is arranged on one side of the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3). The mating surface measuring component two (2-1) is arranged around the differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2) and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3). The mating surface measuring component two (2-1) is aligned with the mating surface of the reducer housing. The differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2) is aligned with the differential bearing surface of the reducer housing. The intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3) is aligned with the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing. The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component (1-2) includes a contact measuring sensor one (1-4) and an intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head (1-5). The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head (1-5) is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor one (1-4) through a floating component one. The lower part of the contact measuring sensor one (1-4) is in contact with the upper surface of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head (1-5). The differential bearing chamber measuring component (1-3) includes a contact measuring sensor two (1-6) and a differential bearing chamber measuring head (1-7). The differential bearing chamber measuring head (1-7) is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor two (1-6) through a floating component two. The lower part of the contact measuring sensor two (1-6) is in contact with the upper surface of the differential bearing chamber measuring head (1-7).

2. A measuring device for selecting and matching a reducer gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: Automatic transplanting mechanisms (6) are respectively arranged at the upper ends of the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) and the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2). The automatic transplanting mechanism (6) includes a servo motor (6-1), a transmission position detection sensor (6-2), and a transmission connecting member (6-3). The lower part of the servo motor (6-1) is connected to the transmission connecting member (6-3), and the transmission position detection sensor (6-2) is arranged around the transmission connecting member (6-3). The control end one of the automatic transplanting mechanism (6) at the upper end of the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) and the control end two of the automatic transplanting mechanism (6) at the upper end of the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2) are connected in parallel and then connected to the port three of the equipment switch (7). The transmission connecting member (6-3) includes a ball screw assembly (6-5) and a linear bearing assembly (6-6), and the linear bearing assembly (6-6) is arranged around the ball screw assembly (6-5).

3. A measuring device for selecting and matching a reducer gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) and the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2) are connected to the automatic transplanting mechanism (6) by a floating sleeve (10) and a pin sleeve (11).

4. A measuring device for selecting and matching a reducer gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the other side of the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3), there is a driving shaft rotating component (2-4). The driving shaft rotating component (2-4) includes a servo rotating motor (2-13), a guide rod cylinder (2-14), and a sleeve (2-15). The lower part of the servo rotating motor (2-13) is connected to the sleeve (2-15), a guide rod cylinder (2-14) is arranged on one side of the servo rotating motor (2-13), and the sleeve (2-15) is matched with the locking nut above the driving shaft.

5. A measuring device for selecting and matching a reducer gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2) includes a contact measuring sensor three (2-5), an indirect measuring plate one (2-6), a bearing outer ring surface press head one (2-7), and a differential shaft guide rod (2-8). The indirect measuring plate one (2-6) is floatingly arranged below the contact measuring sensor three (2-5) through a floating component three. The lower part of the contact measuring sensor three (2-5) is in contact with the upper surface of the indirect measuring plate one (2-6). The lower part of the differential shaft guide rod (2-8) passes through the indirect measuring plate one (2-6), and the lower part of the indirect measuring plate one (2-6) is connected to the bearing outer ring surface press head one (2-7). The bearing outer ring surface press head one (2-7) is sleeved on the lower end of the differential shaft guide rod (2-8).

6. A measuring device for selecting and matching a reducer gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described intermediate shaft bearing surface measurement assembly (2-3) includes a contact measurement sensor IV (2-9), an indirect measurement plate II (2-10), a bearing outer ring surface press head II (2-11), and an intermediate shaft guide rod (2-12). The indirect measurement plate II (2-10) is floatingly arranged below the contact measurement sensor IV (2-9) through a floating assembly IV. The lower part of the contact measurement sensor IV (2-9) contacts the upper surface of the indirect measurement plate II (2-10). The lower part of the intermediate shaft guide rod (2-12) passes through the indirect measurement plate II (2-10). The lower part of the indirect measurement plate II (2-10) is connected to the bearing outer ring surface press head II (2-11). The bearing outer ring surface press head II (2-11) is sleeved on the lower end of the intermediate shaft guide rod (2-12).

7. A method for using a measurement device for selecting and matching reducer gaskets according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: It includes the following steps. Step S1: Fix the reducer cover on the reducer cover positioning and transplanting assembly (3), and fix the reducer housing on the lifting and positioning mechanism (4). Take 3 points on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, the mating surface of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface respectively, and measure the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point. Step S2: Calculate the distance from the intermediate shaft of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber of the differential to the mating surface of the reducer cover, the intermediate shaft of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface of the differential to the mating surface of the reducer housing respectively according to the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, the mating surface of the reducer housing, and the bearing surface. Step S3: Calculate the thickness T1 of the intermediate shaft gasket and the thickness T2 of the differential gasket. T1 = d1 - d2 - M, T2 = D1 - D2 - M, where M is the reserved clearance, d1 is the distance from the intermediate shaft bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, D1 is the distance from the differential bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover, d2 is the distance from the intermediate shaft bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing, and D2 is the distance from the differential bearing surface of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing. The method for measuring the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover, the bearing chamber, or the mating surface of the reducer housing, the bearing surface includes the following steps. Step S11: The mating surface measuring component one (1-1) of the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) and the mating surface measuring component two (2-1) of the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2) measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface of the reducer cover and the reducer housing respectively. Combine the X and Y-axis coordinates of the mating surface measuring component one (1-1) and the mating surface measuring component two (2-1) itself to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface. Step S12: The intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring component (1-2) and the differential bearing chamber measuring component (1-3) of the reducer cover measuring mechanism (1) measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber respectively. Combine the X and Y-axis coordinates of the intermediate shaft bearing chamber measuring head (1-5) and the differential bearing chamber measuring head (1-7) itself to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber. Step S13: The differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2) and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3) of the reducer housing measuring mechanism (2) measure the Z-axis coordinates of each point on the differential bearing surface and the intermediate shaft bearing surface respectively. Combine the X and Y-axis coordinates of the differential bearing surface measuring component (2-2) and the intermediate shaft bearing surface measuring component (2-3) itself to obtain the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the intermediate shaft bearing chamber and the differential bearing chamber. The calculation method for the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer cover to the mating surface of the reducer cover and the distance from the bearing chamber of the reducer housing to the mating surface of the reducer housing includes the following steps. Step S1a: From the XYZ-axis coordinates of each point on the mating surface, through the plane equation, Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, obtain the plane equation of the mating surface, and calculate the surface normal vector of the mating surface. The calculation formula is: Step S2a: Based on the XYZ axis coordinates of each point on the bearing chamber or bearing surface of the countershaft and the differential, the centers of the countershaft and the bearing chamber or bearing surface of the differential are calculated respectively through the normal vector calculation formula in Step S1a in combination with the circle equation. The calculation formulas are as follows: The equation of the circle is: It is transformed into: The center coordinates are solved as: The radius is: In step S3a, based on the center coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of each point on the intermediate shaft, the bearing housing or the bearing surface of the differential obtained in step S2a, combined with the fitting surface equation Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 of the assembly surface obtained in step S1a, and then according to the distance formula from a point in space to a plane: d1, D1, d2, and D2 are respectively obtained.

8. A method for using a measurement device for selecting and matching reducer gaskets according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S3, the reserved gap M is 0.01 mm to 0.02 mm.

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