A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for roadway excavation and support in a soft filling body. The roadway excavation equipment is modified from an excavator, and the bucket of the excavator is replaced with a milling cutter to serve as the equipment for non-explosive excavation of the roadway. The roadway support equipment consists of a movable support section, a movable support long pipe, and multiple support standard sections. The movable support section is for temporary support at the tunneling face, the support standard section is for permanent support of the roadway, and the movable support long pipe is for temporary support in the empty roof area between the movable support section and the support standard section. According to the designed excavation and support step distance, an excavator equipped with a milling cutter is used to excavate the roadway in the soft filling body. After advancing one excavation and support step distance, the excavation stops, a scraper loader is used to remove the slag, and the roadway is supported. After the support is completed, the excavation continues. The present invention has the advantages of safe tunneling operation, small disturbance and damage to the filling body, high tunneling speed, and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine roadway tunneling, and particularly relates to a method for tunneling and supporting roadways in soft filling bodies. Background Art

[0002] The filling mining method has the advantages of safe mining operation, small mining loss rate and dilution rate, reduction of overlying strata and surface subsidence and deformation, and reduction of surface stacking of solid wastes such as tailings and waste rocks in mining and beneficiation. At present, it has become the most mainstream and widely used mining method. With the increasing scope and frequency of the filling mining method in the field of underground mining, in many mines mined by the filling method, as the filling mining area increases and the filling mining progresses, more and more goafs in the working area are filled, and the ore body footwalls or roof and floor are separated by filling bodies. To ensure the connection of the footwalls or roof and floor projects of the ore body, the method of reserving safety ore pillars is usually adopted to protect the roadways connecting the footwalls or roof and floor. A large amount of ore resources are overburdened by the safety ore pillars, which greatly increases the ore loss, reduces the resource utilization rate, and affects the current economic benefits of the mine; if the original rock safety ore pillars are not reserved and the roadways are not tunneled in the filling body, then detours need to be considered, which often increases a large amount of roadway engineering and is economically unreasonable. Therefore, if the roadways can be directly tunneled in the filling body, it can not only avoid reserving the original rock ore pillars, but also greatly reduce the tunneling workload in the original rock. There are significant differences in the physical and mechanical properties between the filling body and the original rock: on the one hand, the compressive and tensile strengths of the filling body are much lower than those of the original rock; on the other hand, since the goaf is often filled in batches and layers during filling, the solidified filling body often has obvious stratification phenomena. At the same time, due to inevitable phenomena such as cement segregation, grading of coarse and fine particles, and poor dewatering and drainage effects after the filling slurry enters the stope, the strength and other indexes of the filling body are often not good. Therefore, the tunneling and support of roadways in the filling body are a major technical problem faced by mines in the production process at present.

[0003] When tunneling by the traditional drill and blast method, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, stress waves and vibration shocks are generated instantaneously during the explosion of explosives, which often causes damage to the surrounding filling body. At the same time, the blasting excavation shaping is not ideal, often resulting in overexcavation, bringing new hidden dangers to the subsequent support operations and increasing the workload. Non-explosive mechanical excavation has obvious advantages over the traditional drill and blast method in protecting the surrounding rock or filling body of the roadway, reducing the damage of manual excavation to the surrounding rock or filling body, controlling the cross-section shaping quality, and reducing the support workload. However, at present, the initial investment of the cantilever roadheader equipment used in non-explosive mechanical excavation often requires 5-6 million yuan, and the upfront investment is too huge. At the same time, the size of the cantilever roadheader equipment is too large, making it inconvenient to transfer, and its applicability and flexibility are insufficient, which limits its popularization and application.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is necessary to invent a method for supporting tunnel excavation in soft filling bodies to solve the support safety problem of tunnel excavation in soft filling bodies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problem of tunnel excavation in the filling body, the present invention discloses a method for tunnel excavation in the soft filling body, and the technical solution provided by the present invention can achieve soft filling. The present invention adopts the following technical solution to achieve:

[0006] A method for tunnel excavation in a soft filling body, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Manufacturing and processing of tunnel excavation and support equipment. The tunnel excavation equipment is modified from an excavator. The main body of the excavator is retained, and the bucket of the excavator is replaced by a milling cutter. The milling cutter can rotate and cut around its axis to serve as equipment for non-explosive tunneling and excavation of tunnels. The tunnel support equipment consists of a mobile support section, a movable support long tube and multiple support standard sections. The mobile support section consists of 5 H-shaped steel arch frames, connecting channel steel, H-shaped steel bottom beam, and support short tubes. The H-shaped steel arch frames are connected by connecting channel steel and H-shaped The steel bottom beam is connected and reinforced by welding. The inner side of the outer flange of the H-shaped steel arch frame is evenly welded with semicircular grooves. The two ends of the support short pipe are respectively installed and fixed on the semicircular grooves of the adjacent H-shaped steel arch frame. Starting from the direction close to the excavation face, the first H-shaped steel arch frame is welded with a cantilever support pipe for the face. The webs of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames are arranged with circular holes for installing long movable support pipes. The circular holes for installing long movable support pipes are staggered with the semicircular grooves on the H-shaped steel arch frame, and the spacing is equal. The support standard section is an H-shaped steel arch frame, and the inner side of the outer flange of the H-shaped steel arch frame is evenly welded with a semicircular groove. The position of the semicircular groove on the H-shaped steel arch frame of the support standard section corresponds to the position of the movable support long tube installation circular hole on the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the mobile support section. The semicircular grooves of the two adjacent H-shaped steel arch frames of the support standard section are fixed with support short tubes; the movable support long tube is a movable installation component, and its installation position moves forward with the forward movement of the excavation face and the mobile support section. One end of the movable support long tube is fixed on the semicircular slot of the standard support section closest to the mobile support section, and the other end passes through the movable support long tube installation circular hole of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the mobile support section; the mobile support section is a temporary support for the excavation face, and moves forward with the forward advancement of the excavation face. The support standard section is a permanent support for the tunnel, and is erected and installed one by one following the forward movement of the mobile support section and the movable support long tube. The movable support long tube is a temporary support for the empty top area between the mobile support section and the support standard section;

[0008] Step 2: Non-explosive tunneling excavation and mucking of the roadway. According to the designed tunneling and support step distance, an excavator equipped with milling cutters is used to excavate the roadway in the soft filling body. During excavation, the milling cutters cut the filling body and keep the face arranged in an inclined plane. After advancing one tunneling and support step distance forward, the tunneling stops. A scraper loader is used for mucking, and the roadway is supported. After the support is completed, the tunneling continues;

[0009] Step 3: Roadway support. For each tunneling and support step distance the roadway advances forward, after mucking, the scraper loader pushes the movable support section forward by one tunneling and support step distance. When the tunneling length of the roadway exceeds one tunneling and support step distance of the length of the movable support section itself, the first support standard section is installed and erected behind the movable support section, and one end of the movable support long pipe is fixed on the semi-circular clamping groove of the first standard support section, and the other end passes through the installation round holes of the movable support long pipes of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the movable support section. The roof area between the movable support section and the support standard section is supported by the movable support long pipes. After that, for each tunneling and support step distance the roadway advances forward, the scraper loader pushes the movable support section forward by one tunneling and support step distance. At this time, the other end of the movable support long pipe moves in the installation round holes of the movable support long pipes of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the movable support section; When the distance between the movable support section and the nearest standard support section behind it is two tunneling and support step distances, the end of the movable support long pipe fixed on one end of the standard support section is disassembled from the semi-circular clamping groove and moved forward. A support standard section is supplemented and erected between the movable support section and the nearest standard support section behind it, and a support short pipe is installed and fixed on the semi-circular clamping grooves of the H-shaped steel arch frames of two adjacent support standard sections. Then, one end of the movable support long pipe is fixed again on the semi-circular clamping groove of the nearest standard support section behind the movable support section;

[0010] Such tunneling and support cyclic operations are carried out until the tunneling and support work of the roadway in the soft filling body is completed.

[0011] Further, the tunneling and support step distance is equal to the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames.

[0012] Further, when the roadway is non-explosively tunneling and excavating, the face is kept arranged in an inclined plane, and the inclined plane angle is determined according to the roadway section and the quality of the filling body.

[0013] Further, the tunneling and support step distance, the specification dimensions of the H-shaped steel arch frames, the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames, the spacing between the support short pipes, and the spacing between the movable support long pipes are determined according to the roadway section, the bearing condition around the roadway, and the quality of the filling body.

[0014] Further, the cantilever support pipes on the face are arranged in a wedge shape from top to bottom, with the longest cantilever support pipe at the top and the shortest at the bottom, and are specifically set according to the inclined plane slope of the roadway tunneling face.

[0015] Preferably, the length of the movable support long pipe is 2.5 times the distance between the H-shaped steel arch frames.

[0016] Furthermore, the short support pipes and the movable support long pipes have the same model, and the model of the semi-circular card slots matches the models of the support section pipes and the movable support long pipes.

[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the face overhanging support pipe is φ75mm, and the diameters of the short support pipes and the movable support long pipes are φ50mm.

[0018] Beneficial effects

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The tunneling and support operation is safe. Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking excavation is adopted, and no pyrotechnic articles such as explosives and detonators are required. At the same time, personnel and equipment are operating under the protection of the movable support section, the movable support long pipe and the standard support section, with good safety.

[0021] (2) Adopting non-explosive mechanical rock breaking excavation has obvious advantages in protecting the surrounding rock or filling body of the roadway, reducing the damage to the surrounding rock or filling body caused by manual excavation, controlling the forming quality of the cross-section, and reducing the support work quantity. At the same time, the tunneling equipment is modified from an excavator, avoiding the one-time excessive equipment investment of using a roadheader.

[0022] (3) The tunneling and support operation is fast, efficient, low-intensity and low-cost. Tunneling adopts non-explosive mechanical excavation, and support adopts the processed movable support section, movable support long pipe and standard support section for support, which can realize rapid tunneling and modular rapid support. The tunneling and support speed is fast and efficient, and the labor intensity and cost of the operation are significantly reduced.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the drawings and specific embodiments. Description of the drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a construction schematic diagram of a roadway tunneling and support method in a soft filling body in an embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a roadway support device in a roadway tunneling and support method in a soft filling body in an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a movable support section in a roadway support device in a roadway tunneling and support method in a soft filling body in an embodiment.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an H-shaped steel arch frame in a roadway support device in a roadway tunneling and support method in a soft filling body in an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a roadway tunneling equipment in a method for tunneling and supporting a roadway in a soft filling body in an embodiment.

[0029] Reference numerals in the figure: 1 - movable support section; 1-1 - H-shaped steel arch; 1-2 - connecting channel steel; 1-3 - H-shaped steel bottom beam; 1-4 - semi-circular card slot; 1-5 - support short pipe; 1-6 - face overhanging support pipe; 1-7 - circular hole for installing movable support long pipe; 2 - movable support long pipe; 3 - standard support section; 4 - roadway tunneling equipment; 4-1 - excavator main body; 4-2 - milling cutter. Specific implementation manners

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope protected by the present invention.

[0031] A method for tunneling and supporting a roadway in a soft filling body, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1, manufacturing and processing of tunnel excavation and support equipment. The tunnel excavation equipment 4 is modified from an excavator, retaining the main body 4-1 of the excavator, and replacing the excavator bucket with a milling cutter 4-2. The milling cutter 4-2 can rotate and cut around its axis to serve as equipment for non-explosive tunneling and excavation of tunnels; the tunnel support equipment consists of a mobile support section 1, a movable support long tube 2 and a plurality of support standard sections 3. The mobile support section 1 consists of 5 H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1, connecting channel steels 1-2, H-shaped steel bottom beams 1-3, and support short tubes 1-5. The H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 are connected by connecting channel steels 1-2 and The H-shaped steel bottom beam 1-3 is connected and reinforced, and the inner side of the outer flange of the H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1 is evenly welded with a semicircular groove 1-4. The two ends of the support short pipe 1-5 are respectively installed and fixed on the semicircular groove 1-4 of the adjacent H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1. From the direction close to the excavation face to the back, the first H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1 is welded with a face cantilever support pipe 1-6, and the webs of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 are arranged with movable support long pipe installation circular holes 1-7. The movable support long pipe installation circular holes 1-7 are staggered and spaced with the semicircular grooves 1-4 on the H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1. The distance between the two adjacent H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 is equal; the support standard section 3 is an H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1, and the inner side of the outer flange of the H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1 is uniformly welded with a semicircular groove 1-4; the position of the semicircular groove 1-4 on the H-shaped steel arch frame 1-1 of the support standard section 3 corresponds to the position of the movable support long tube mounting circular hole 1-7 on the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 of the mobile support section 1; the semicircular groove 1-4 of the H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 of the two adjacent support standard sections 3 is fixedly installed with a support short tube 1-5; the movable support long tube 2 is a movable installation component, and its installation position changes with the excavation face and the mobile The support section 1 moves forward, one end of the movable support long tube 2 is fixed on the semicircular slot 1-4 of the standard support section closest to the mobile support section 1, and the other end passes through the movable support long tube installation circular hole 1-7 of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 of the mobile support section 1; the mobile support section 1 is a temporary support for the excavation face, and moves forward with the forward advancement of the excavation face. The support standard section 3 is a permanent support for the tunnel, and is installed one by one following the forward movement of the mobile support section 1 and the movable support long tube 2. The movable support long tube 2 is a temporary support for the empty top area between the mobile support section 1 and the support standard section 3. The length of the movable support long tube 2 is 2.5 times the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1. The support short tube 1-5 and the movable support long tube 2 are of the same model, and the model of the semicircular slot 1-4 matches the model of the support section tube and the movable support long tube 2. The diameter of the cantilever support pipe 1-6 of the tunnel face is φ75mm, and the diameter of the short support pipe 1-5 and the long movable support pipe 2 is φ50mm.

[0033] Step 2: Non-explosive roadway tunneling excavation and mucking. According to the designed tunneling and support step distance, an excavator equipped with a milling cutter 4-2 is used to excavate the roadway in the soft filling body. During excavation, the heading face is arranged in an inclined plane. Each time it advances one tunneling and support step distance, tunneling stops. A scraper loader is used for mucking, and the roadway is supported. After the support is completed, tunneling continues;

[0034] Step 3: Roadway support. Each time the roadway advances one tunneling and support step distance, after mucking, the scraper loader pushes the mobile support section 1 forward by one tunneling and support step distance. When the tunneling length of the roadway exceeds one tunneling and support step distance of the length of the mobile support section 1 itself, the first support standard section 3 is installed and erected behind the mobile support section 1. One end of the movable support long pipe 2 is fixed on the semi-circular clamping groove 1-4 of the first standard support section, and the other end passes through the movable support long pipe installation round holes 1-7 of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 of the mobile support section 1. The roof area between the mobile support section 1 and the support standard section 3 is supported by the movable support long pipe 2. After that, each time it advances one tunneling and support step distance, the scraper loader pushes the mobile support section 1 forward by one tunneling and support step distance. At this time, the other end of the movable support long pipe 2 moves in the movable support long pipe installation round holes 1-7 of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 of the mobile support section 1; when the distance between the mobile support section 1 and the nearest standard support section behind it is two tunneling and support step distances, the movable support long pipe 2 fixed at one end on the standard support section is disassembled from the semi-circular clamping groove 1-4 and moved forward. A support standard section 3 is supplemented and erected between the mobile support section 1 and the nearest standard support section behind it. A support short pipe 1-5 is installed and fixed on the semi-circular clamping grooves 1-4 of the H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1 of two adjacent support standard sections 3. Then one end of the movable support long pipe 2 is fixed again on the semi-circular clamping groove 1-4 of the nearest standard support section behind the mobile support section 1;

[0035] When the non-explosive roadway tunneling excavation is carried out, the heading face is arranged in an inclined plane. The inclined plane angle is determined according to the roadway section and the quality of the filling body. The cantilever support pipe 1-6 on the heading face is arranged in a wedge shape from top to bottom. The cantilever support pipe at the top is the longest, and the cantilever support pipe at the bottom is the shortest, which is specifically set according to the inclined plane slope of the roadway tunneling heading face. The tunneling and support step distance is equal to the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1. The tunneling and support step distance, the specification dimensions of the H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1, the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames 1-1, the spacing between the support short pipes 1-5, and the spacing between the movable support long pipes 2 are determined according to the roadway section, the bearing condition around the roadway, and the quality of the filling body.

[0036] Such tunneling and support cyclic operations are carried out until the tunneling and support work of the roadway in the soft filling body is completed.

[0037] As described above, it is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body, characterized in that Comprising the following steps: Step 1, manufacturing and processing of roadway tunneling and support equipment. The roadway tunneling equipment is modified from an excavator, retaining the main body of the excavator and replacing the bucket of the excavator with a milling cutter as the equipment for non-explosive roadway tunneling excavation. The roadway support equipment consists of a mobile support section, a movable support long pipe, and multiple support standard sections. The mobile support section is composed of 5 H-shaped steel arch frames, connecting channel steels, H-shaped steel bottom beams, and support short pipes. The H-shaped steel arch frames are connected and reinforced by connecting channel steels and H-shaped steel bottom beams, and the connection method is welding. Semi-circular grooves are evenly welded on the inner side of the outer flange of the H-shaped steel arch frames. The two ends of the support short pipes are respectively installed and fixed on the semi-circular grooves of adjacent H-shaped steel arch frames. Starting from the direction close to the tunneling face, a face cantilever support pipe is welded on the first H-shaped steel arch frame. Circular holes for installing the movable support long pipe are arranged on the webs of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames. The circular holes for installing the movable support long pipe are staggered from the semi-circular grooves on the H-shaped steel arch frames and have equal spacing. The support standard section is an H-shaped steel arch frame, and semi-circular grooves are evenly welded on the inner side of the outer flange of the H-shaped steel arch frame. The positions of the semi-circular grooves on the support standard section H-shaped steel arch frame are the same as and correspond one by one to the positions of the circular holes for installing the movable support long pipe on the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the mobile support section. Support short pipes are installed and fixed on the semi-circular grooves of adjacent two support standard section H-shaped steel arch frames. The movable support long pipe is a movable installation component, and its installation position moves forward as the tunneling face and the mobile support section move forward. One end of the movable support long pipe is fixed on the semi-circular groove of the support standard section closest to the mobile support section, and the other end passes through the circular holes for installing the movable support long pipe on the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the mobile support section. The mobile support section is a temporary support for the tunneling face and advances with the forward movement of the tunneling face. The support standard section is a permanent support for the roadway and is erected and installed one by one following the forward movement of the mobile support section and the movable support long pipe. The movable support long pipe is a temporary support for the empty roof area between the mobile support section and the support standard section; Step 2, non-explosive roadway tunneling excavation and mucking. According to the designed tunneling and support step distance, use an excavator equipped with a milling cutter to excavate the roadway in the soft filling body. When excavating, keep the tunneling face arranged in an inclined plane. Stop tunneling every time a tunneling and support step distance is advanced forward. Use a scraper loader to muck and carry out the support of the roadway. After the support is completed, continue tunneling; Step 3, roadway support: For each advancing excavation and support step distance of the roadway, after mucking, the scraper loader pushes the movable support section forward by one excavation and support step distance. When the advancing length of the roadway exceeds one excavation and support step distance of the length of the movable support section itself, the first support standard section is installed and erected behind the movable support section, and one end of the movable support long pipe is fixed on the semi-circular clamping groove of the first support standard section, and the other end passes through the movable support long pipe installation round holes of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the movable support section. The unsupported roof area between the movable support section and the support standard section is supported by the movable support long pipe. Thereafter, for each advancing excavation and support step distance, the scraper loader is used to push the movable support section forward by one excavation and support step distance. At this time, the other end of the movable support long pipe moves in the movable support long pipe installation round holes of the fourth and fifth H-shaped steel arch frames of the movable support section; when the distance between the movable support section and the nearest support standard section behind it is two excavation and support step distances, the end of the movable support long pipe fixed on one end of the support standard section is disassembled from the semi-circular clamping groove and moved forward. A support standard section is supplemented and erected between the movable support section and the nearest support standard section behind it, and fixed support short pipes are installed on the semi-circular clamping grooves of the H-shaped steel arch frames of two adjacent support standard sections. Then, one end of the movable support long pipe is fixed again on the semi-circular clamping groove of the nearest support standard section behind the movable support section; Excavation and support are cycled in this way until the excavation and support work of the roadway in the soft filling body is completed.

2. The roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation and support step distance is equal to the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames.

3. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the roadway is excavated non-explosively, the heading face is arranged in an inclined plane, and the inclined plane angle is determined according to the roadway section and the quality of the filling body.

4. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation and support step distance, the specification dimensions of the H-shaped steel arch frames, the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames, the spacing between the support short pipes, and the spacing between the movable support long pipes are determined according to the roadway section, the bearing conditions around the roadway, and the quality of the filling body.

5. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cantilever support pipes on the heading face are arranged in a wedge shape from top to bottom. The cantilever support pipe at the top is the longest, and the cantilever support pipe at the bottom is the shortest, which is specifically set according to the slope of the inclined plane of the roadway heading face.

6. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the movable support long pipe is 2.5 times the spacing between the H-shaped steel arch frames.

7. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support short pipes and the movable support long pipes have the same model, and the model of the semi-circular clamping groove matches the models of the support section pipe and the movable support long pipe.

8. A roadway excavation and support method in a soft filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipe diameter of the cantilever support pipes on the heading face is φ75mm, and the pipe diameters of the support short pipes and the movable support long pipes are φ50mm.

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