A test loading device and method for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load

Abstract

The invention discloses a test loading device and method for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load comprises: a bridge unit, an impact load loading unit, a vehicle load loading unit and a bridge deformation monitoring device. The bridge unit comprises a supporting structure and a bridge structure. The bridge structure is detachably mounted on the supporting structure. The impact load loading unit is movably mounted on one side of the bridge unit to simulate the impact on the bridge. The impact load loading unit comprises a slideway with adjustable height and position and a rigid loading ball. The end outlet of the slideway is aligned with the bridge unit. The starting position of the rigid loading ball on the slideway is adjustable to change the magnitude of the impact force. The vehicle load loading unit is mounted on the bridge structure to simulate the vehicle load on the bridge. The bridge deformation monitoring device is mounted on the supporting structure to monitor the lateral displacement and vertical deflection of the bridge structure under the action of the vehicle load and the impact load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of test devices, and in particular to a test loading device and method for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation and the increase in the number of various vehicles, ships, and bridges, the roads and waterways are becoming increasingly complex and changeable, and the drivers of vehicles and ships have weak safety awareness and irregular driving. Vehicle-bridge collisions and ship-bridge collisions occur frequently, and the probability of their occurrence is much greater than natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and landslides. When vehicles and ships collide with bridges, they often cause cracks in the piers and superstructures of the bridge structure, concrete spalling, steel yielding, and even the risk of collapse, causing traffic system failures and even serious threats to people's lives and property. In recent years, this has attracted widespread attention from the bridge engineering and transportation industries, as well as all walks of life.

[0003] Vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision are complex impact dynamics problems. In actual engineering and bridge design, how to scientifically determine the impact force is particularly critical. The magnitude, direction and point of impact force of vehicles and ships have a great influence on the dynamic response of bridge structures under impact force. At present, the selection of vehicle and ship impact force usually adopts three different methods: standard calculation, finite element simulation or experimental measurement. Among them, the commonly used vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision simulation tests include horizontal impact test, low-speed impact test and pendulum impact test. In the above three impact simulation tests, only the magnitude of impact force can be adjusted, and the impact height and impact position cannot be adjusted. In addition, the bridge system is immutable, and it is impossible to effectively simulate the randomness and complexity of vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision. Bridges of different systems need to make test loading devices separately, which is costly. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load, which can solve the problems that the impact height and impact position of the existing vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision simulation tests cannot be adjusted, and the bridge system is immutable, which cannot effectively simulate the randomness and complexity of vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision, and each bridge system needs to make a separate test loading device, which is costly.

[0005] According to the first aspect of the present invention, an experimental loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load comprises: a bridge unit, the bridge unit comprises a supporting structure and a bridge structure, and the bridge structure is detachably mounted on the supporting structure; an impact load loading unit, the impact load loading unit is movably mounted on one side of the bridge unit to simulate the impact on the bridge, the impact load loading unit comprises a slide with adjustable height and position and a rigid loading ball, the end outlet of the slide is aligned with the bridge unit, and the starting position of the rigid loading ball on the slide is adjustable to change the magnitude of the impact force; a vehicle load loading unit, the vehicle load loading unit is mounted on the bridge structure to simulate the vehicle load on the bridge; a bridge deformation monitoring device, the bridge deformation monitoring device is mounted on the supporting structure to monitor the lateral displacement and vertical deflection of the bridge structure under the action of vehicle load and impact load.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load has at least the following technical effects: the embodiment of the present invention changes the height and position of the slide, aligns the end outlet of the slide with the bridge unit, and the rigid loading ball rolls down the slide to impact the bridge unit, thereby simulating the impact of different heights and positions on the bridge. By changing the starting position of the rigid loading ball on the slide, the bridge can be simulated. The vehicle load loading unit can simulate the vehicle load on the bridge. The bridge deformation detection device can monitor the deformation of the bridge structure under the action of vehicle load and impact load. The bridge structure installed on the supporting structure can be disassembled and replaced, and bridge structures of different systems can be installed, effectively simulating the randomness and complexity of the impact loads of vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision. Bridge structures of different systems do not need to be separately manufactured with test loading devices, and the cost is low.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the support structure includes a base, a first support frame, a second support frame and a third support frame. The first support frame and the second support frame are respectively detachably mounted on the ends of the base for supporting the two ends of the bridge structure. The widths of the first support frame and the second support frame are adjustable for adapting to bridge structures of different widths. The relative distance between the first support frame and the second support frame is adjustable for adapting to bridge structures of different lengths. The third support frame is installed in the middle of the base for supporting the piers of the bridge structure.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the bridge structure is a simply supported bridge beam, an arch bridge, a cable-stayed bridge or a suspension bridge.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, fixing bolts are provided on both sides of the supporting structure for fixing the stay cables of the cable-stayed bridge or the main cables of the suspension bridge.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the bridge structure is an integral cast-in-place structure or a prefabricated assembled structure.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the bridge deck lane material of the bridge structure is soft glass.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the impact load loading unit also includes a bracket and a first baffle, one end of the bottom of the bracket is installed on the supporting structure through a movable bolt, a pulley is installed at the other end of the bottom of the bracket, the slide is installed on the bracket, and the rigid loading ball is fixed on the slide through the first baffle.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle load loading unit includes a loading trolley and a traction rope, and the loading trolley is installed on the bridge deck lane of the bridge structure through the traction rope.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the bridge deformation monitoring device is a light curtain transmitter and a light curtain receiver, which are respectively installed at both ends of the supporting structure. An opening is provided on the loading trolley, and the rays emitted by the light curtain transmitter reach the light curtain receiver through the opening.

[0015] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the method of using the above-mentioned test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load comprises the following steps:

[0016] S100, making bridge structure;

[0017] S200, installing the manufactured bridge structure on the supporting structure;

[0018] S300, installing a vehicle load loading unit on a bridge structure to simulate the vehicle load on the bridge;

[0019] S400, movably installing the impact load loading unit on one side of the bridge unit, moving the position of the impact load loading unit, and adjusting the height of the slideway;

[0020] S500, installing a bridge deformation monitoring device on a supporting structure, and setting a monitoring displacement threshold;

[0021] S600, a rigid loading ball rolls down the slide and hits the bridge structure, simulating the impact on the bridge. The bridge deformation monitoring device monitors the lateral displacement and vertical deflection of the bridge structure under the action of vehicle load and impact load.

[0022] According to the method of applying the above-mentioned test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of the bridge under impact load according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, there are at least the following technical effects: the embodiment of the present invention can simulate the impacts of different heights and positions on the bridge by changing the height and position of the slide, aligning the end outlet of the slide with the bridge unit, and the rigid loading ball rolling down the slide to impact the bridge unit, and changing the starting position of the rigid loading ball on the slide can simulate the impact forces of different sizes on the bridge, the vehicle load loading unit can simulate the vehicle load on the bridge, the bridge deformation detection device can monitor the deformation of the bridge structure under the action of vehicle load and impact load, the bridge structure installed on the supporting structure can be disassembled and replaced, and bridge structures of different systems can be installed, effectively simulating the randomness and complexity of the impact loads of vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision, and different systems of bridge structures do not need to be separately manufactured test loading devices, so the cost is low.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention a;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram b of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the bridge structure of the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] Support structure 100, fixing bolts 110, base 120, first support frame 130, second support frame 140, third support frame 150, second baffle 160, third baffle 170, mounting groove 180,

[0031] Bridge structure 200, bridge deck lane 210, inclined cable 220, bridge pier 230, installation beam 240, cross beam 250, pin 260, receiving platform 270,

[0032] The impact load loading unit 300, the slideway 310, the bracket 320, the rigid loading ball 330, the first baffle 340, the movable bolt 350, the pulley 360,

[0033] Loading trolley 400, traction rope 410,

[0034] Light curtain transmitter 500 and light curtain receiver 510 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the invention.

[0037] In the description of the invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of the first or the second, it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0039] Reference below Figures 1 to 4 A test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is described.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises: a bridge unit, an impact load loading unit 300, a vehicle load loading unit and a bridge deformation monitoring device. Figure 3 to Figure 4 As shown, the bridge unit includes a support structure 100 and a bridge structure 200. The bridge structure 200 can be detachably mounted on the support structure 100. The width and length of the support structure 100 and the bridge structure 200 can be adjusted to simulate a multi-lane bridge of any length and width. Figure 1As shown, the impact load loading unit 300 is movably installed on one side of the bridge unit. The impact load loading unit 300 includes a slide 310 with adjustable height and position and a rigid loading ball 330. By changing the height and position of the slide 310, the end outlet of the slide 310 is aligned with the pier 230, and the rigid loading ball 330 rolls down the slide 310 to impact the pier 230, which can simulate the impact of different heights and positions on the pier 230. By changing the starting position of the rigid loading ball 330 on the slide 310, it can simulate the impact forces of different sizes on the pier 230.

[0041] The vehicle load loading unit is installed on the bridge structure 200, and the vehicle load loading unit can simulate the vehicle load on the bridge. The bridge deformation monitoring device is installed on the supporting structure 100, and the bridge deformation detection device can monitor the deformation of the bridge structure 200 under the action of vehicle load and impact load. The bridge structure 200 installed on the supporting structure 100 can be disassembled and replaced, and bridge structures 200 of different systems can be installed to effectively simulate the randomness and complexity of vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision impact loads. Bridge structures 200 of different systems do not need to be separately made into test loading devices, and the cost is relatively low.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the support structure 100 includes a base 120, a first support frame 130, a second support frame 140 and a third support frame 150. The bottoms of the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 are provided with mounting beams 240. By changing the mounting position of the mounting beams 240 on the base 120, the relative distance between the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 can be adjusted to adapt to bridge structures 200 of different lengths. The cross beams 250 of the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 are retractable cross beams 250. The cross beams 250 are provided with pins 260. By adjusting the pins 260, the cross beams 250 can be retracted to change the widths of the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 to adapt to bridge structures 200 of different widths. 0 are respectively installed with replaceable receiving platforms 270, and the receiving platforms 270 of corresponding width can be made and installed according to the width of the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140, to receive the two ends of the bridge structure 200, and the third support frame 150 is installed in the middle of the base 120 to receive the pier 230 of the bridge structure 200. The support structure 100 can bear the weight of the bridge structure 200 and provide support for the pier 230. The first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 are respectively installed with a second baffle 160, and the third support frame 150 is installed with a third baffle 170. When the rigid loading ball 330 hits the pier 230, the third support frame 150 provides a buffer platform for the rigid loading ball 330, and the second baffle 160 and the third baffle 170 block the rigid loading ball 330.

[0043] The bridge structure 200 is a simply supported bridge beam, an arch bridge, a cable-stayed bridge or a suspension bridge, and can simulate bridges of different systems. The bridge deck lane 210 of the bridge structure 200 is made of soft glass. In this embodiment, the bridge structure 200 is a cable-stayed bridge. Figure 1 As shown, the supporting structure 100 is provided with reserved fixing bolts 110 on both sides, which can fix the cable 220 of the cable-stayed bridge, the main cable and sling of the suspension bridge, or the arch rib and suspender of the bottom-supported arch bridge. The bridge structure 200 is an integral cast-in-place structure or a prefabricated structure, which can simulate bridges of different structures. The bridge structure 200 in this embodiment is a prefabricated structure.

[0044] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the impact load loading unit 300 also includes a bracket 320 and a first baffle 340. The slide 310 is installed on the bracket 320. By adjusting the height of the slide 310, the end outlet of the slide 310 can be aligned with the bridge pier 230 at different heights. The rigid loading ball 330 is fixed to the slide 310 through the first baffle 340. The first baffle 340 is pulled out and the rigid loading ball 330 rolls down along the slide 310. The starting position of the rigid loading ball 330 on the slide 310 is changed by the first baffle 340. The weight and starting position of the rigid loading ball 330 are adjusted. The impact speed of the rigid loading ball can be controlled to simulate the impact forces of different sizes on the pier 230. A mounting groove 180 is provided on the base 120 of the support structure 100. One end of the bottom of the bracket 320 is installed on the mounting groove 180 through a movable bolt 350. A pulley 360 is installed on the other end of the bottom of the bracket 320. By changing the installation position of the movable bolt 350 on the mounting groove 180 and moving the bracket 320, the bracket 320 rotates around the movable bolt 350 through the pulley 360, so that the end outlet of the slideway 310 can be aligned with the pier 230 at different angles and positions.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle load loading unit includes a loading trolley 400 and a traction rope 410. The loading trolley 400 is loaded with heavy objects and is placed on the bridge deck lane 210. The first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 are provided with a plurality of one-to-one corresponding through holes. Both ends of a traction rope pass through the corresponding through holes on the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 and connect the head and tail of the loading trolley 400. By pulling the traction rope 410, the speed and loading position of the loading trolley 400 can be controlled.

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, the bridge deformation monitoring device is a light curtain transmitter 500 and a light curtain receiver 510, which are respectively mounted on the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140. An opening is provided on the loading trolley 400, and the size of the opening is set according to the monitoring displacement threshold. The infrared ray emitted by the light curtain transmitter 500 passes through the opening to reach the light curtain receiver 510. When the infrared ray cannot pass through the opening, the bridge deformation monitoring device alarms.

[0047] The following describes a method for applying the above-mentioned test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0048] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the method of using the above-mentioned test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load comprises the following steps:

[0049] S100, manufacturing a bridge structure 200;

[0050] S200, adjusting the relative distance between the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 according to the length of the bridge structure 200, adjusting the width of the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 according to the width of the bridge structure 200, making a receiving platform 270 of corresponding width, installing the receiving platform 270 on the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140, installing the bridge structure 200, if the bridge structure 200 is a cable-stayed bridge, a suspension bridge or a bottom-supported arch bridge, fixing the cable of the cable-stayed bridge, the main cable and suspender of the suspension bridge or the arch rib and suspender of the bottom-supported arch bridge by the fixing bolts 110 reserved on the supporting structure 100, and paving the bridge deck lane 210 made of soft glass on the bridge structure 200;

[0051] S300, installing the vehicle load loading unit on the bridge structure 200, pulling the traction rope 410, controlling the speed and installation position of the loading trolley 400, and simulating the vehicle load on the bridge;

[0052] S400, movably install the impact load loading unit 300 on one side of the bridge unit, move the bracket 320 as needed, adjust the height of the slideway 310, align the slideway 310 with the bridge pier 230 at a certain height, position and angle, and adjust the initial position of the rigid loading ball 330 in the slideway 310 through the first baffle 340;

[0053] S500, installing the light curtain transmitter 500 and the light curtain receiver 510 on the first support frame 130 and the second support frame 140 respectively, and the infrared rays emitted by the light curtain transmitter 500 reach the light curtain receiver 510 through the opening;

[0054] S600, pull out the first baffle 340, and the rigid loading ball 330 rolls down from the slide 310 and hits the bridge pier 230, simulating the impact on the bridge. The light curtain transmitter 500 and the light curtain receiver 510 monitor the lateral displacement and vertical deflection of the bridge structure 200 under the action of vehicle load and impact load. When the infrared ray cannot pass through the opening, an alarm is triggered.

[0055] In summary, the test loading device and method for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under an impact load provided by the present invention can simulate the impacts of different heights and positions on the bridge by changing the height and position of the slide 310, with the end outlet of the slide 310 aligned with the bridge pier 230, and the rigid loading ball 330 rolling down from the slide 310 to impact the bridge unit, and can simulate the impacts of different heights and positions on the bridge, and can simulate the impact forces of different sizes on the bridge by changing the starting position of the rigid loading ball 330 on the slide 310, and the vehicle load loading unit can simulate the vehicle load on the bridge, and the bridge deformation detection device can monitor the deformation of the bridge structure 200 under the action of vehicle load and impact load, and the bridge structure 200 installed on the supporting structure 100 can be disassembled and replaced, and bridge structures 200 of different systems can be installed, effectively simulating the randomness and complexity of the impact loads of vehicle-bridge collision and ship-bridge collision, and bridge structures 200 of different systems do not need to be separately manufactured with test loading devices, and the cost is low.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load, characterized in that: include: A bridge unit, the bridge unit comprising a support structure (100) and a bridge structure (200), the bridge structure (200) being detachably mounted on the support structure (100); An impact load loading unit (300), the impact load loading unit (300) is movably installed on one side of the bridge unit to simulate the impact on the bridge, the impact load loading unit (300) comprises a slideway (310) with adjustable height and position and a rigid loading ball (330), the end outlet of the slideway (310) is aligned with the bridge unit, and the starting position of the rigid loading ball (330) on the slideway (310) is adjustable to change the magnitude of the impact force; A vehicle load loading unit, the vehicle load loading unit being installed on the bridge structure (200) to simulate the vehicle load on the bridge; A bridge deformation monitoring device is installed on the support structure (100) to monitor the lateral displacement and vertical deflection of the bridge structure (200) under the action of vehicle load and impact load.

2. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure (100) comprises a base (120), a first support frame (130), a second support frame (140) and a third support frame (150); the first support frame (130) and the second support frame (140) are respectively detachably mounted on the ends of the base (120) for receiving two ends of the bridge structure (200); the widths of the first support frame (130) and the second support frame (140) are adjustable for adapting to bridge structures (200) of different widths; the relative distance between the first support frame (130) and the second support frame (140) is adjustable for adapting to bridge structures (200) of different lengths; the third support frame (150) is mounted in the middle of the base (120) for receiving a pier (230) of the bridge structure (200).

3. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bridge structure (200) is a simply supported bridge beam, an arch bridge, a cable-stayed bridge or a suspension bridge.

4. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 3, characterized in that: Fixing bolts (110) are arranged on both sides of the support structure (100) for fixing the cable-stayed cables (220) of the cable-stayed bridge or the main cables of the suspension bridge.

5. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bridge structure (200) is an integral cast-in-place structure or a prefabricated assembled structure.

6. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bridge deck lane (210) of the bridge structure (200) is made of soft glass.

7. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact load loading unit (300) further comprises a bracket (320) and a first baffle (340); one end of the bottom of the bracket (320) is mounted on the support structure (100) via a movable bolt (350); a pulley (360) is mounted on the other end of the bottom of the bracket (320); the slideway (310) is mounted on the bracket (320); and the rigid loading ball (330) is fixed on the slideway (310) via the first baffle (340).

8. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle load loading unit comprises a loading trolley (400) and a traction rope (410), and the loading trolley (400) is installed on the bridge deck lane (210) of the bridge structure (200) via the traction rope (410).

9. The test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bridge deformation monitoring device comprises a light curtain transmitter (500) and a light curtain receiver (510), wherein the light curtain transmitter (500) and the light curtain receiver (510) are respectively installed at two ends of the support structure (100), and an opening is provided on the loading trolley (400), and the rays emitted by the light curtain transmitter (500) reach the light curtain receiver (510) through the opening.

10. A test loading method for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load using the test loading device for simulating the dynamic response of a bridge under impact load according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, manufacturing a bridge structure (200); S200, installing the manufactured bridge structure (200) on the supporting structure (100); S300, installing a vehicle load loading unit on the bridge structure (200) to simulate the vehicle load on the bridge; S400, movably installing the impact load loading unit (300) on one side of the bridge unit, moving the position of the impact load loading unit (300), and adjusting the height of the slideway (310); S500, installing a bridge deformation monitoring device on a supporting structure (100), and setting a monitoring displacement threshold; S600, the rigid loading ball (330) rolls down the slideway (310) and hits the bridge structure (200), simulating the impact on the bridge, and the bridge deformation monitoring device monitors the lateral displacement and vertical deflection of the bridge structure (200) under the vehicle load and the impact load.

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