A highway tunnel layout method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for arranging highway tunnels, including: Step 1, arranging the horizontal and vertical alignment of the route at the entrance section of the main tunnel according to the requirements of integral layout; Step 2, starting from the entrance of the main tunnel, carrying out in-tunnel line separation according to the requirements of separated layout; Step 3, adopting a combination of permanent functions and temporary auxiliary functions to arrange the entrances of the service channels and the entrances of the main tunnels in a staggered manner; Step 4, determining the entrance methods of the main tunnel and the service channels; Step 5, arranging the construction sites at the entrances of the main tunnel and the service channels to complete the staggered layout of multiple tunnel entrances. This method adjusts the out-of-tunnel line separation to in-tunnel line separation, significantly reducing the distance between the left and right lines of the main tunnel and decreasing the out-of-tunnel land use; arranges the entrances of the service channels and the entrances of the main tunnels in a staggered manner and adopts zero-excavation entrance, significantly reducing the quantities of temporary works and permanent works at the entrances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel construction, and in particular, to a method for arranging highway tunnels. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, China's infrastructure construction has been booming. Many high-grade highways and railways have been built into mountainous areas, such as the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, and the Jinsha River Expressway. The proportion of tunnel routes in these projects exceeds 50%. Bridges are built over water and tunnels are drilled through mountains. More and more tunnels are being constructed, resulting in an increasing number and length of tunnels. The length of the Yaxi Expressway Mubashan Tunnel exceeds 10 km, the length of the Daliangshan No. 1 Tunnel exceeds 15 km, the length of the Qinling Zhongnanshan Tunnel exceeds 18 km, and the length of the Xinjiang Tianshan Tunnel exceeds 22 km. Rescue channels, air supply and smoke exhaust channels are provided in these tunnels with a length greater than 15 km. Most of these tunnels are located in the mountains. Along with this, more and more ultra-long tunnels are being built. Most of these tunnels are located in the mountains with narrow terrain at the tunnel entrances, making it extremely difficult to arrange the construction site. At present, there are the following problems in the layout of narrow valley tunnel entrances: First, the parallel layout of multiple tunnel entrances at the same elevation occupies a large amount of land; second, the quantity of permanent and temporary projects in the overall parallel layout of multiple tunnel entrances is huge.

[0003] In view of this, the present application is specifically proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing layout technology for narrow valley tunnel entrances has problems of occupying a large amount of land and large construction workload. The purpose is to provide a method for arranging highway tunnels, which adjusts the out-of-tunnel line division to the in-tunnel line division, and arranges the service tunnel in a staggered manner with the main tunnel, so as to significantly reduce the land occupation and the engineering quantity of temporary and permanent projects at the tunnel entrances compared with the traditional layout method of multiple tunnel entrances at the same elevation.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for arranging highway tunnels includes the following steps:

[0007] Arrange the horizontal and vertical alignment of the route of the entrance section of the main tunnel according to the requirements of integral layout;

[0008] Starting from the entrance of the main tunnel, carry out in-tunnel line division according to the requirements of separated layout;

[0009] Adopt a method of combining permanent functions with temporary auxiliary functions to arrange the entrance of the service tunnel in a staggered manner with the entrance of the main tunnel;

[0010] Determine the entrance methods of the main tunnel and the service tunnel;

[0011] Arrange the construction site of the main line tunnel entrance and service channel entrance, and complete the staggered layout of multiple tunnel entrances.

[0012] As a further description of the present invention,

[0013] The in-tunnel line division includes the following steps: arranging the line division distance according to the separation tunnel spacing requirements, arranging the service channel in the center, and arranging the left tunnel line and the right tunnel line on both sides of the service channel respectively.

[0014] As a further description of the present invention,

[0015] The service channel includes: an air supply and smoke exhaust channel and a rescue channel;

[0016] The method of combining the permanent function with the temporary auxiliary function includes: using the air supply and smoke exhaust channel and the rescue channel as construction auxiliary channels.

[0017] As a further description of the present invention,

[0018] The staggered arrangement of the service channel opening and the main line tunnel opening comprises the following steps:

[0019] The air supply and smoke exhaust channel is arranged at a side tunnel body position higher than the elevation of the main line tunnel;

[0020] According to the on-site topographic and geological conditions, the rescue channel is arranged on the left line side or the right line side of the main line tunnel.

[0021] As a further description of the present invention,

[0022] The staggered arrangement of the service channel opening and the main line tunnel opening also includes the following steps:

[0023] The elevation of the rescue channel opening is set to be lower than the elevation of the main line tunnel opening.

[0024] The main tunnel under the rescue passage is arranged between the left line and the right line of the main line tunnel.

[0025] Connect the entrance of the rescue passage to the left line and the right line of the main tunnel through an open line.

[0026] As a further description of the present invention,

[0027] The method of determining the entry method of the main line tunnel comprises the following steps: entering the tunnel by adopting a single-hole construction method without a middle wall.

[0028] As a further description of the present invention,

[0029] The entry method of the service channel includes zero excavation entry.

[0030] As a further description of the present invention,

[0031] The construction site for arranging the main tunnel entrance and the service tunnel entrance includes the following steps:

[0032] Concentrate the processing of concrete and steel and transport them to each entrance;

[0033] Arrange the corresponding personnel, machinery and materials at each entrance.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. A highway tunnel layout method provided by an embodiment of the present invention adjusts the out-of-tunnel line division to in-tunnel line division, that is, adopts an integral layout of the horizontal and vertical planes of the route of the main tunnel entrance section, and analyzes the main tunnel in accordance with the requirements of the separated layout, thereby greatly reducing the distance between the left and right lines of the main tunnel and reducing the out-of-tunnel land use.

[0036] 2. A highway tunnel layout method provided by an embodiment of the present invention arranges the service tunnel entrance in a staggered manner with the main tunnel entrance and adopts zero-excavation entry into the tunnel, greatly reducing the engineering quantity of the temporary works and permanent works at the entrance;

[0037] 3. A highway tunnel layout method provided by an embodiment of the present invention arranges the air supply and smoke exhaust channels at the side tunnel body position higher than the elevation of the main tunnel. On the one hand, it can shorten the length of the air supply and smoke exhaust channels and reduce the construction cost. On the other hand, the smoke exhaust duct can achieve the effect of natural smoke exhaust under the action of the chimney effect through the air pressure difference, reducing the operation cost. On the third hand, it can shorten the construction period and the length of the channel, and can assist the construction of the main tunnel;

[0038] 4. A highway tunnel layout method provided by an embodiment of the present invention sets the elevation of the rescue tunnel entrance lower than the elevation of the main tunnel entrance, which is convenient for drainage during construction and operation and reduces the seepage of active groundwater; connects the rescue tunnel entrance to the left main tunnel and the right main tunnel through a clear line, which can ensure safe rescue during operation;

[0039] 5. A highway tunnel layout method provided by an embodiment of the present invention sets the width of the main tunnel to only the width of the main tunnel structure and adopts the single-tunnel construction method without a middle wall to enter the tunnel, greatly reducing the width requirement of the main tunnel opening and facilitating the selection of the location of the main tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other relevant drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method for arranging multiple portals of an extra-long highway tunnel in a staggered manner at narrow valleys provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 General schematic diagram of the portal provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the body of the rescue passage provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the drawings. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0045] Embodiment

[0046] Currently, multiple portals of highway tunnels are usually arranged side by side at the same elevation, resulting in the occupation of a large amount of land. For example, when three portals are arranged side by side, the narrowest occupied width requires nearly 70m, and the widest can reach 100m. A service passage is arranged in the middle of the left and right lines of the main tunnel, resulting in a large distance between the left and right lines of the tunnel. When two service passages are arranged, the distance between the left and right lines will be even wider. After branching, the land between the left and right lines of the main tunnel will form a closed space, resulting in more waste of land from the portal to the branching point. In addition, since the traditional method is to arrange multiple portals side by side at the same elevation, the excavation and filling works and protection works are huge, which will also lead to a long construction period for the temporary and permanent works at the portal, and thus an increase in construction and operation risks.

[0047] In response to this, this embodiment provides a method for arranging highway tunnels. By adjusting the method of starting branching from the integral layout 1km away from the portal in the traditional method to in-tunnel branching, the distance between the left and right lines of the main tunnel can be significantly reduced, and the land outside the tunnel can be greatly saved. At the same time, by adopting the method of arranging the service passage in a staggered manner with the main tunnel and the service passage entering the tunnel with zero excavation, the quantities of temporary and permanent works at the portal can be significantly reduced, thereby ensuring construction safety and operation safety. Refer to the general schematic diagram of the portal Figure 2 .

[0048] Figure 1The method flow of a highway tunnel layout method is shown. As Figure 1 shown, the method achieves the object of the present invention by sequentially performing the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Arrange the horizontal and vertical alignment of the main tunnel portal section route according to the requirements of integral layout.

[0050] The horizontal and vertical alignment of the main tunnel portal end route is arranged integrally, which is the same as the layout method of other sections outside the tunnel. It changes the traditional layout method of a super-long tunnel that is separated as soon as it reaches the portal, and adjusts the traditional off-tunnel line separation to in-tunnel line separation.

[0051] It should be noted that the integral layout means that the left and right lines of the route are not separated, and the median strip between the left and right lines is arranged at the minimum distance specified by the specification, and the minimum clear distance between the left and right tunnels is zero.

[0052] Step 2: Start from the main tunnel portal and perform in-tunnel line separation according to the requirements of separated layout.

[0053] It should be noted that the separated layout means that the left and right lines are separated, changing from the original single line to two lines, the left and right. The distance between the parallel double tunnels is relatively large, and the tunnel setting form where the mutual influence between the double tunnels does not need to be considered during tunnel design and construction.

[0054] After the tunnel enters integrally, it is immediately separated. The separation distance is arranged according to the requirements of the separated tunnel spacing, and the service tunnel is arranged in the middle, and the left tunnel line and the right tunnel line are respectively arranged on both sides of the service tunnel.

[0055] Step 3: Adopt a method of combining permanent functions with temporary auxiliary functions to stagger the portals of the service tunnel and the main tunnel.

[0056] The service tunnel is divided into a permanent service tunnel and a service tunnel for auxiliary temporary construction. Among them, the permanent service tunnel includes a ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel and a rescue tunnel.

[0057] In this embodiment, the horizontal and vertical alignment of the service tunnel is arranged by combining permanent functions with temporary auxiliary functions.

[0058] For the ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel, the traditional layout method is to make the portal of the ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel flush with and side by side with the portal of the main tunnel. This layout method does not consider the smoke characteristics, that is, the smoke in the tunnel has a high temperature, is light in mass, and is respectively in the upper layer of the tunnel space. To address this defect, in this embodiment, the ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel is arranged at the side tunnel body position higher than the elevation of the main tunnel, rather than being arranged at the same elevation as the main tunnel or directly above the main tunnel.

[0059] The advantages of such an arrangement are as follows: first, it can shorten the length of the air supply and smoke exhaust passage, thus reducing construction costs; second, the air supply and smoke exhaust passage can achieve natural smoke exhaust through the air pressure difference under the action of the chimney effect, thus reducing operating costs; third, it can reduce permanent and temporary projects with low openings, thus reducing construction costs and providing project safety; fourth, it can shorten the construction period and the length of the passage, and can assist the main tunnel construction, thus shortening the construction period.

[0060] As for the rescue channel, since the rescue channel of the super-long tunnel generally needs to be set up through, auxiliary construction is required at the same time. Therefore, according to the on-site terrain and geological conditions, the rescue channel is arranged on the left side or the right side of the main line tunnel. In addition, in order to facilitate drainage during construction and operation, this embodiment sets the elevation of the rescue channel opening to be lower than the elevation of the main line tunnel opening; after entering the tunnel, the rescue channel is arranged to pass through the main tunnel between the left line and the right line of the main tunnel, and the opening of the rescue channel is connected to the left line and the right line of the main tunnel through an open line, which can ensure safe rescue during operation; in addition, during construction, its progress is ahead of the main tunnel, and the elevation is lower than the main tunnel, which is convenient for construction drainage and reduces groundwater seepage during the construction of the main tunnel. Reference is made to the schematic diagram of the cross section of the rescue channel. Figure 3 .

[0061] It should be noted that permanent refers to the tunnel design period that meets the tunnel design reference period (25 years, 50 years, 100 years); temporary auxiliary construction refers to the function of the new construction branch tunnel added to shorten the tunnel construction period and increase the working face.

[0062] Step 4: Determine the entry methods for the main line tunnel and service channel.

[0063] Due to the complex terrain and geology of mountainous areas, the traditional layout method requires the width of the left and right lines of the tunnel to be relatively wide, which makes it difficult to find a place with good terrain and geological conditions and a wide construction site in the narrow mountainous area during the construction process. In this regard, this embodiment adopts the following implementation steps in determining the entry method of the main line tunnel and the service channel:

[0064] For the main tunnel entry method, the width of the main tunnel is set to only the width of the main tunnel structure, with an integral layout and a two-way four-lane width of about 26m, which greatly reduces the width requirements when arranging the left and right lines of the tunnel, making it easier to choose the location of the main tunnel. The single-hole construction method without a middle wall is used to enter the tunnel, and the left and right tunnel sections are zero distance.

[0065] As for the entry method of the service channel, the entry method is selected according to the topographic and geological conditions, and in principle, zero excavation entry is selected.

[0066] Layout 5: Arrange the construction sites for the main tunnel entrance and the service tunnel entrance, and complete the misaligned layout of multiple tunnel entrances.

[0067] Due to the scattered arrangement of multiple entrances, the linear index requirements for the service tunnel are low, and the layout of the service tunnel entrance is flexible, which can be optimally selected according to the topographic and geological conditions. To ensure the construction quality, concrete and steel are centrally processed and transported to each entrance. Only the necessary personnel, machinery, and materials for each entrance need to be arranged, and the area requirement for the construction site at each entrance is small.

[0068] A method for misaligned layout of multiple entrances of a highway tunnel in a narrow valley provided by this embodiment solves the problem of excessive land occupation in the traditional tunnel entrance layout, reduces the huge problems of permanent and temporary protection projects at the entrance, shortens the construction period, saves the project cost, and improves the construction and operation safety of the tunnel. The beneficial effects of this method are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0069] First, the technical solution of the present invention has wide practicability and is widely applicable to the layout of the entrances of ultra-long tunnels. It is not only applicable to the layout of two entrances, but also applicable to the layout of three, four, five or even more entrances, solving the problem of excessive land occupation in the current parallel layout of multiple entrances at the same elevation in ultra-long tunnels.

[0070] Second, the construction of the present invention is simple, and the quantity of permanent and temporary works is greatly reduced. The present invention divides the entrances of ultra-long tunnels into small parts and arranges them dispersedly. Each occupies a small area, which is convenient for the selection of the entrance location, making it easier to select the entrance in a place with good topographic and geological conditions, and the construction is simpler and more convenient, and the quantity of entrance works is greatly reduced.

[0071] Third, the present invention shortens the construction period and greatly reduces the project cost. The present invention does not need to build an extremely large construction platform for the tunnel entrance like the traditional one, and the entrance selection is flexible, and it is easier to select a location with better topographic and geological conditions, which is easy to enter the tunnel quickly, shortens the construction period, greatly reduces the project cost, effectively promotes the improvement of productivity, reduces the project cost, saves energy and protects the environment, and is beneficial to reducing carbon consumption.

[0072] It can be seen that the present invention can be widely used in ultra-long tunnels of expressways in narrow mountainous areas. Its design method is simple, and no additional special design is required. The construction is simple, the applicability is wide, the treatment effect is obvious, it can effectively improve the operation safety guarantee of expressways in mountainous areas, reduce the operation cost of expressways in mountainous areas in the whole life cycle, save land, and also ensure the safety of personnel and structures, save energy and protect the environment, and is beneficial to reducing carbon consumption.

[0073] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging a highway tunnel, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Layout the horizontal and vertical alignment of the approach section of the main tunnel according to the requirements of integral layout; wherein, integral layout means that the left and right lines of the route are not separated, and the median strip between the left and right lines is arranged at the minimum spacing specified by the specifications, and the minimum clear distance between the left and right tunnels is zero; Starting from the entrance of the main tunnel, conduct in-tunnel line separation according to the requirements of separated layout; Adopt a combination of permanent functions and temporary auxiliary construction functions to stagger the entrances of the service tunnel and the main tunnel; Determine the entrance methods of the main tunnel and the service tunnel; Layout the construction sites of the entrances of the main tunnel and the service tunnel to complete the layout of the highway tunnel; wherein, the service tunnel includes: a ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel and a rescue tunnel; The in-tunnel line separation includes the following steps: layout the line separation distance according to the requirements of the separated tunnel spacing, arrange the service tunnel in the middle, and arrange the left tunnel line and the right tunnel line on both sides of the service tunnel respectively; The staggering layout of the entrance of the service tunnel and the entrance of the main tunnel includes the following steps: arrange the ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel at the side tunnel body position higher than the elevation of the main tunnel; According to the on-site topographic and geological conditions, arrange the rescue tunnel on one side of the left line or the right line of the main tunnel; Set the elevation of the entrance of the rescue tunnel to be lower than the elevation of the entrance of the main tunnel; Arrange the undercrossing main hole of the rescue tunnel between the left line and the right line of the main tunnel; 2. A method for arranging a highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein The combination of permanent functions and temporary auxiliary functions includes: using the ventilation and smoke exhaust tunnel and the rescue tunnel as construction auxiliary tunnels; 3. A method for arranging a highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein The staggering layout of the entrance of the service tunnel and the entrance of the main tunnel further includes the following steps: connect the entrance of the rescue tunnel to the left main hole and the right main hole by open line; 4. A highway tunnel layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determination of the entrance method of the main tunnel includes the following steps: adopt the single-hole construction method without middle wall to enter the tunnel; 5. A method for arranging a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that The entrance method of the service tunnel includes zero-excavation entrance; 6. A method for arranging a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layout of the construction sites of the entrances of the main tunnel and the service tunnel includes the following steps: Concentrate the processing and transportation of concrete and steel to each entrance; Arrange the corresponding personnel, machinery and materials at each entrance.

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