Battery with deactivation device and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery for a motor vehicle, comprising: at least one cell assembly comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein the battery cells each have a cell housing comprising an exhaust element for exhausting hot gases generated in the cell housing in the event of a fault; a battery housing comprising a plurality of housing walls, each of which surrounds a receiving space for accommodating the at least one cell assembly; and a deactivation device arranged in the receiving space of the battery housing, the deactivation device having at least one cladding filled with an oxidant, wherein the cladding is designed to release an oxidant when exposed to hot gases exhausted through the exhaust element of at least one battery cell, and the oxidant is designed to promote controlled burning of the hot gases in the receiving space in order to deactivate the hot gases and thus avoid ignition of the hot gases outside the receiving space in the surroundings of the battery. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a battery for a motor vehicle, the battery having at least one cell complex comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein each of the battery cells has a cell housing comprising an exhaust element for exhausting hot gases generated in the cell housing in the event of a fault. The battery also has a battery housing comprising a housing wall, the housing wall enclosing a receiving space for receiving the at least one cell complex. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle having a battery. Background Art

[0002] In the present case, the focus is on rechargeable batteries or accumulators, which can be used, for example, as traction batteries in the drive train of electrically driven motor vehicles, such as electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. Such batteries usually have at least one cell complex consisting of a plurality of interconnected battery cells, which are arranged in a receiving space of a battery housing of the battery. The battery cells can be, for example, prismatic battery cells with a flat rectangular cell housing, round cells with a cylindrical cell housing or pouch cells with a flexible, film-like cell housing.

[0003] In this case, these cell housings usually have a venting element, such as a bursting diaphragm. In the event of a fault, such as an internal short circuit in a cell of a battery cell, the hot gases generated in the cell housing of the battery cell can escape into the receiving space of the battery housing via the venting element. The hot gases can then react with oxygen outside the cell housing and ignite. In this case, the ignition of the hot gases outside the receiving space in the surroundings of the battery and the associated formation of flames should be prevented. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem of how ignition of hot gases outside a battery housing of a battery of a motor vehicle can be prevented in a simple manner.

[0005] This object is achieved according to the invention by a battery and a motor vehicle having the features according to the invention.

[0006] The battery for a motor vehicle according to the invention has at least one cell complex comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein each of the battery cells has a cell housing comprising an exhaust element for exhausting hot gases generated in the cell housing in the event of a fault. In addition, the battery has a battery housing comprising a plurality of housing walls, each of which surrounds a receiving space for accommodating the at least one cell complex. In addition, the battery has a deactivation device arranged in the receiving space of the battery housing, the deactivation device having at least one covering portion filled with an oxidant. The covering portion is designed to release an oxidant when loaded with the exhausted hot gases of at least one battery cell. The oxidant is designed to promote the controlled burning of the hot gases in the receiving space in order to deactivate the hot gases, and thus to avoid ignition of the hot gases outside the receiving space in the surroundings of the battery.

[0007] The battery can be configured as a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle, for example in the form of a high-voltage battery or a high-voltage accumulator. The battery cells of the battery are rechargeable battery cells and can be, for example, round cells, prismatic cells or pouch cells. Each of the battery cells has a galvanic cell element, which is arranged in a cell housing of the corresponding battery cell. The cell housing has a venting element. The venting element can be, for example, a bursting diaphragm or a valve, and covers the venting opening in the wall of the battery housing under normal circumstances, that is, when there is no fault. In the event of a fault, such as when a cell of the battery cell is short-circuited internally, the internal pressure in the cell housing increases, which causes the venting element to release the venting opening, for example, by bursting the bursting diaphragm or by opening the valve. Therefore, in order to eliminate the internal pressure of the battery cell, hot gas can escape from the cell housing.

[0008] The at least one monomer complex is arranged in a battery housing, and the monomer complex can be formed, for example, as a monomer stack composed of prismatic battery cells stacked on each other. The battery housing is especially composed of a stable metal material, such as steel or aluminum. Each of the housing walls can be, for example, a housing lower part and a housing upper part surrounding a storage space. The battery housing has, in particular, at least one exhaust unit arranged in one of the housing walls for exhausting hot air from the storage space to the surrounding environment of the battery. Now, in order to prevent the hot gas of the exhausted battery cell from being exhausted from the storage space and the exhausted hot gas from igniting in the ambient air, for example when the exhausted battery cell is arranged near the exhaust unit of the battery housing, the battery has a deactivation device.

[0009] The deactivation device has at least one covering portion filled with an oxidant. The covering portion is especially arranged on the inner side of the housing wall of the battery housing (for example, the housing upper part) facing the exhaust elements of these battery cells and fixed there. For example, the at least one covering portion can be bonded to the inner side of the housing wall. Under normal circumstances, that is, when there is no hot gas, the oxidant is arranged in the covering portion. The covering portion is especially waterproof and prevents the discharge of the oxidant under normal circumstances. The covering portion can be a film. The film is, for example, a polymer film, especially a polyethylene film. The oxidant is especially configured as an oxidant in powder and / or liquid form. For example, the oxidant can be composed of permanganate and / or sodium percarbonate and / or hydrogen peroxide and / or sodium perborate.

[0010] Once the cover is loaded with hot gas, the cover releases the oxidant. For example, the cover may tear or melt due to the heat of the hot gas and thus release the oxidant. The released oxidant can react with the hot gas of the at least one exhausted battery cell. Thus, combustion is ignited in the battery housing under controlled conditions, and the hot gas reaction is consumed or deactivated by the combustion. Here, the combustion remains in the battery housing. For this purpose, the battery housing is particularly designed to keep the controlled burnout in the accommodation space. Preferably, the battery housing is made of fireproof material. Once the hot gas is deactivated by the burnout, the hot gas can be discharged into the surrounding environment, for example, through the exhaust unit of the battery housing. There, the hot gas is not re-ignited due to the deactivation, so that the formation of flames outside the battery housing can be prevented in an advantageous manner.

[0011] The invention also relates to a motor vehicle having a battery according to the invention. The motor vehicle is in particular designed as an electrically drivable motor vehicle and has a battery as a traction battery.

[0012] The embodiments described with reference to the battery according to the invention and their advantages apply correspondingly to the motor vehicle according to the invention.

[0013] Further features of the invention are apparent from the drawings and the description of the drawings. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description and the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the drawings and / or shown individually in the drawings can be used not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in other combinations or individually. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The invention will now be explained with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] The only attached drawing, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery 1 according to the invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] A battery 1 which can be used as a traction battery for a motor vehicle (not shown here) has a battery housing 2, in whose receiving space 3 a cell complex 4 is arranged. The cell complex 4 has a plurality of battery cells 5. The cell complex 4 is designed as a cell stack consisting of prismatic battery cells 5 stacked on top of one another. Each of the battery cells 5 has a cell housing 6 including a venting element 7. The venting element 7 of the battery cell 5 is designed to allow hot gases generated in the event of a malfunction of the battery cell 5 to escape from the cell housing 6 into the receiving space 3. The venting element 7 can be designed, for example, as a bursting disk.

[0017] The exhaust gas of a battery cell 5 can spread to other battery cells 5 and thus trigger a chain reaction of exhaust gas. As a result, hot gases accumulate in the receiving space 3. If the hot gases escape from the receiving space 3 through the exhaust gas unit 8 of the battery housing 2 (which is arranged in the housing wall 9 of the battery housing 2) into the surroundings 10 of the battery 1, the hot gases can ignite there and a fire can occur outside the battery housing 2.

[0018] In order to prevent this, the battery 1 has a deactivation device 11. The deactivation device 11 is arranged in the receiving space 3, that is, in the battery housing 2. The deactivation device 11 has a covering portion 12, in which an oxidant 13 or more precisely an oxidant is arranged. The oxidant 13 is arranged in the covering portion 12 in the form of a powder, for example. If the covering portion 12 is loaded with hot gas from at least one battery cell 5 due to the exhaust of the battery cell 5, the covering portion releases the oxidant 13. Here, the covering portion 12 can be a film, which melts when the film is subjected to hot gas. The oxidant 13 reacts with the hot gas and causes the hot gas to burn out in the battery housing 2. As a result, the hot gas is deactivated and can escape from the receiving space 3 to the surrounding environment 10 via the exhaust unit 8 in the deactivated state. Therefore, the hot gas is ignited in the battery housing 2 under controlled conditions by the oxidant 13, and the hot gas is then burned out and deactivated. Thus, it is possible to prevent the hot gas from reacting further in an uncontrolled manner, for example in the surroundings 10 with the ambient air 10 .

Claims

1. A battery (1) for a motor vehicle, the battery comprising: - at least one cell complex (4) comprising a plurality of battery cells (5), wherein: Each of the battery cells (5) has a cell housing (6) including an exhaust element (7), wherein the exhaust element is used to exhaust hot gas generated in the cell housing (6) in the event of a fault; - a battery housing (2) comprising a plurality of housing walls (9), each of which encloses a receiving space (3) for receiving the at least one cell assembly (4); It is characterized in that A deactivation device (11) is provided in a receiving space (3) of a battery housing (2), the deactivation device having at least one cladding portion (12) filled with an oxidant (13), wherein the cladding portion (12) is designed to release the oxidant (13) when subjected to hot gas discharged through an exhaust element (7) of at least one battery cell (5), and the oxidant (13) is designed to promote controlled burning of the hot gas in the receiving space (3) in order to deactivate the hot gas and thus avoid ignition of the hot gas in the surroundings (10) of the battery (1) outside the receiving space (3), the oxidant (13) being designed as an oxidant.

2. The battery (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery housing (2) has at least one exhaust unit (8) arranged in one of the housing walls (9) for discharging hot gases deactivated by burn-off from the receiving space (3) into the surroundings (10) of the battery (1).

3. The battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The battery housing (2) is designed to maintain a controlled burning-off of hot gases in the receiving space (3).

4. The battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The battery housing (2) is made of fireproof material.

5. The battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The oxidant (13) is configured as an oxidizer in powder and / or liquid form.

6. The battery (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that The oxidizing agent is constituted by permanganate and / or sodium percarbonate and / or hydrogen peroxide and / or sodium perborate.

7. The battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The covering part (12) is configured as a film.

8. The battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The covering part (12) is formed as a polymer film. 9 . A motor vehicle comprising a battery ( 1 ) according to claim 1 .

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