Perovskite solar cell with full spectrum utilization

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a full-spectrum utilization perovskite solar cell. A triangular prism is arranged above conductive glass, and the conductive glass is sequentially provided with a dense layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer and a carbon electrode. Sunlight is irradiated on the conductive glass after being dispersed by the triangular prism. The dispersed sunlight passes through the dense layer and the electron transport layer, and photoelectric conversion is formed when the sunlight passes through the perovskite layer. The current reaches the carbon electrode to obtain the perovskite solar cell. The sunlight irradiated on the conductive glass after being dispersed by the triangular prism is ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light. The electron transport layer is divided into a down-conversion light layer, a conventional layer and an up-conversion light layer, which correspond to the ultraviolet light, the visible light and the infrared light, respectively. The rare earth material is doped into the electron transport material by simultaneously utilizing the rich energy level structure of the rare earth material. The electron transport layer has both charge transport capacity and light conversion capacity, so that the utilization rate of light can be effectively improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar cell technology, specifically relating to a perovskite solar cell that utilizes the full spectrum. Background Technology

[0002] A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy using the photoelectric effect of semiconductor materials. The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material ABX3, with its suitable bandgap (1.5–2.3 eV), large absorption coefficient, and high charge mobility, has attracted widespread attention from researchers due to its excellent photoelectric properties. The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased rapidly, rising from 3.8% to 25.2% in just a few years, a growth rate far exceeding that of other solar cells. Perovskite solar cells are inexpensive to manufacture, and their fabrication processes, such as spin-coating or printing, are relatively simple. These advantages make perovskite solar cells a prominent technology among various photovoltaic technologies.

[0003] Photovoltaic conversion is highly wavelength-dependent; photons with energy close to the bandgap of the solar cell have the highest efficiency. Photons with energy below the bandgap are not absorbed but pass through the active region of the cell and are ultimately dissipated as heat to other parts of the cell. Photons with energy above the bandgap can only be partially utilized, with the remaining energy lost as heat or other forms. To improve the utilization rate of sunlight, some researchers have developed tandem devices. For a double-junction tandem device, it consists of a top cell with a wider bandgap and a bottom cell with a narrower bandgap. Incident light enters the cell from the direction of the wider bandgap cell, first passing through the top cell where high-energy photons are absorbed, while lower-energy, longer-wavelength light penetrates the top cell and reaches the bottom cell, where it is absorbed by the narrower bandgap cell, generating the photovoltaic effect. However, tandem devices require consideration of issues such as current matching, selection of transparent electrodes, and thickness of the light-absorbing layer. Another approach involves using rare-earth-doped light-converting materials. These materials are categorized as up-converting and down-converting materials. Up-converting materials convert two or more low-energy photons into one high-energy photon, while down-converting materials convert one high-energy photon into two or more low-energy photons. By using these materials, light that solar cells cannot readily absorb is converted into light that they can readily absorb, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, by combining the characteristics of tandem solar cells based on spectral splitting and light-converting materials, a full-spectrum solar cell can be designed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for fabricating perovskite solar cells that utilize the full spectrum of solar energy. Solar cells prepared using this method can effectively improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. By combining the spectral splitting properties of a prism and using different light-converting materials in different regions of the electron transport layer in the perovskite solar cell, the split ultraviolet and infrared light can be effectively converted into visible light that can be absorbed by the perovskite material, thus achieving the goal of full-spectrum solar energy utilization in perovskite solar cells.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum, wherein a prism is placed above conductive glass, and below the conductive glass are, in sequence, a dense layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a carbon electrode. Sunlight is dispersed by the prism and then shines on the conductive glass. The dispersed sunlight passes through the dense layer and the electron transport layer, and when it passes through the perovskite layer, photoelectric conversion is formed. The current reaches the carbon electrode to obtain the perovskite solar cell.

[0006] Preferably, in the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum, sunlight is dispersed by a prism into ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, which then irradiates the conductive glass. The electron transport layer is divided into a lower light-converting layer, a conventional layer, and an upper light-converting layer, corresponding to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, respectively.

[0007] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the conductive glass is obtained by etching with hydrochloric acid and zinc powder followed by ultrasonic washing.

[0008] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the method for preparing the dense layer includes the following steps: preparing a dense layer spin-coating solution by diisopropoxydiacetylacetonate titanium and n-butanol, spin-coating it onto conductive glass, drying it, and then calcining it onto the conductive glass to obtain a dense layer.

[0009] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the calcination is carried out at 400-500°C for 30-60 minutes.

[0010] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the preparation method of the lower light conversion layer in the electron transport layer includes the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate to obtain solution A; dissolving Yb2O3 and Er2O3 in nitric acid; adding deionized water and anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution B; slowly adding solution B to solution A under stirring to obtain a precursor solution; spin-coating the precursor solution onto a dry glass slide; and drying the precursor solution to obtain the lower light conversion layer.

[0011] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the preparation method of the conventional layer includes the following steps: mixing ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate to obtain a pale yellow solution C; mixing anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and nitric acid to obtain a clear solution D; slowly adding solution D to solution C under stirring to obtain a precursor solution; spin-coating on a dry glass slide; and drying to obtain the conventional layer.

[0012] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the preparation method of the upper light-conversion layer includes the following steps: ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate are mixed evenly to obtain a pale yellow solution E; Yb2O3 and Er2O3 are taken, nitric acid is added, and the mixture is stirred and heated until completely dissolved; under stirring conditions, deionized water and anhydrous ethanol are added to obtain solution F; solution F is slowly added dropwise to solution E under stirring to obtain a precursor solution; spin-coating is performed on a dry glass slide; after drying, the upper light-conversion layer is obtained; and the electron transport layer is annealed at high temperature.

[0013] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that the perovskite layer preparation method includes the following steps:

[0014] 1) Heat the PbI2 solution to 60-80℃, heat the electron transport layer to 90-100℃, spin-coat the PbI2 solution onto the electron transport layer, and dry.

[0015] 2) Spin-coat the CH3NH3I solution onto the film obtained in step 1), dry it, repeat the process three times, and then anneal it to obtain a perovskite layer.

[0016] Preferably, the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum is characterized in that: the preparation method of the carbon electrode includes the following steps: uniformly coating an oily carbon paste onto the surface of the perovskite layer, and obtaining the carbon electrode after drying.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] The perovskite solar cell prepared in this invention exhibits different light conversion effects in different parts of its electron transport layer, effectively converting ultraviolet and infrared light dispersed by a prism into visible light. The prism disperses sunlight into different wavelengths, and the light conversion material converts these different wavelengths to specific wavelengths for absorption by a solar cell with a specific bandgap. This eliminates the need for multiple solar cells with different bandgapes to absorb different light, simplifying device manufacturing. Furthermore, by utilizing the abundant energy level structure of rare-earth materials and doping them into the electron transport material, the electron transport layer possesses both charge transport and light conversion capabilities, effectively improving light utilization and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of the light-converting material.

[0020] Figure 2 This is the ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectrum of the light-converting material.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a photoluminescence (PL) image of the downconverting light material.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a photoluminescence (PL) image of the upconverting material.

[0023] Figure 5 These are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of different electron transport layers.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a voltage-current density test curve of the perovskite solar cell of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of possible implementation schemes after the invention is widely applied. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. These embodiments are implemented under the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are given. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: Rare earth-doped TiO2 serves as both an electron transport layer and a light conversion layer.

[0029] (I) Preparation method

[0030] 1. Preparation of the downconversion layer thin film

[0031] 4.6 mL of ethanol and 2.8 mL of tetrabutyl titanate were added sequentially to a 50 mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution A. 50.8 mg of Yb₂O₃ and 16.4 mg of Er₂O₃ were weighed into a 25 mL beaker, and 0.064 mL of nitric acid was slowly added. The mixture was heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution, 0.5 mL of deionized water and 2.3 mL of anhydrous ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution B. Solution B was slowly added dropwise to solution A with a dropper while magnetically stirring to obtain the precursor solution. The precursor was spin-coated at 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Areas not requiring spin-coating were protected with tape during spin-coating. The spin-coated glass slide was dried on a 120°C heating stage for 10 minutes. The dried electron transport layer was then placed in a muffle furnace and annealed at 500°C for 60 minutes.

[0032] 2. Preparation of the upper light-conversion layer thin film

[0033] 4.6 mL of ethanol and 2.8 mL of tetrabutyl titanate were added sequentially to a 50 mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution E. 90.3 mg of Yb₂O₃ and 87.6 mg of Er₂O₃ were weighed into a 25 mL beaker, and 0.171 mL of nitric acid was slowly added. The mixture was heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution, 0.5 mL of deionized water and 2.3 mL of anhydrous ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution F. Solution F was slowly added dropwise to solution E with a dropper while magnetically stirring to obtain the precursor solution. The precursor solution was spin-coated onto a dry glass slide at a speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Areas not requiring spin-coating were protected with tape during the spin-coating process. The spin-coated glass slide was then dried on a 120°C heating stage for 10 minutes. The dried electron transport layer was then placed in a muffle furnace and annealed at 500°C for 60 minutes.

[0034] (II) Testing

[0035] 1. Figure 1 This is the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of the optically convertible material.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, the main diffraction peaks of the prepared TiO2:Er,Yb optical conversion film are located on the (101), (004), (200), (105), and (211) crystal planes of TiO2, corresponding to 2θ = 25.38°, 38.04°, 48.10°, 54.12°, and 55.22°, respectively. No impurity peaks of erbium-ytterbium compounds were found in the XRD pattern of the doped film, indicating that the erbium-ytterbium compounds do not exist in crystalline form. It can be seen from the figure that the XRD peaks of the upper optical conversion material, which is doped with more rare earth elements than the lower optical conversion material, are lower and wider, indicating that the crystallinity of TiO2 decreases and the grain size becomes smaller. This is because erbium and ytterbium ions are doped into the titanium dioxide lattice, disrupting the titanium dioxide lattice structure, and rare earth elements are successfully doped into the internal structure of titanium dioxide.

[0037] 2. Figure 2 This is the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectrum of the light-converting material.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the absorption edges of TiO2 in the upper light-converting layer, lower light-converting layer, and conventional layer are all around 400 nm. This is due to the charge transfer from the valence band to the conduction band of TiO2. The doping of rare earth ions causes a blue shift in the absorption edges, and characteristic absorption of erbium and ytterbium ions is also observed in the visible light region. This blue shift in the absorption edges allows titanium dioxide to concentrate its absorption of ultraviolet light, increasing sunlight transmittance and enabling the cell's absorption layer to absorb more sunlight.

[0039] 3. Figure 3 This is a photoluminescence (PL) image of a downconverting light material.

[0040] The photoluminescence properties of the downconverted light material were tested using ultraviolet light excitation at a wavelength of 250 nm. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the emission peak at 400 nm is a characteristic broad emission band of anatase TiO2. Emission peaks were observed at 525 nm, 550 nm, and 655 nm, indicating that the downconverting film can absorb ultraviolet light and convert it into visible light. The possible process is as follows: when the downconverting film is excited by light with a wavelength of 250 nm, the emission peaks at 550 nm and 525 nm correspond to... 4 S 3 / 2 - 4 I 15 / 2 and 2 H 11 / 2 - 4 I 15 / 2 The transition, the 655nm emission peak corresponds to 4 F 9 / 2 - 4 I 15 / 2 Leap forward.

[0041] 4. Figure 4 This is the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the upconversion material.

[0042] The photoluminescence properties of the upconversion material were tested using infrared light excitation at a wavelength of 980 nm. The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, there are obvious emission peaks at 525nm, 550nm, and 655nm, indicating that the upconversion film can absorb infrared light and convert it into visible light. The possible process is as follows: when the upconversion film is excited by light with a wavelength of 250nm, the emission peaks at 550nm and 525nm correspond to... 4 S 3 / 2 - 4 I 15 / 2 and 2 H 11 / 2 - 4 I 15 / 2 The transition, the 655nm emission peak corresponds to 4 F 9 / 2 - 4 I 15 / 2 Leap forward.

[0043] 5. Figure 5 These are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of different electron transport layers.

[0044] The morphological characteristics of the thin film were studied by SEM testing, and the results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figures, Figure a is the lower light-converting film, Figure b is the conventional undoped film, and Figure c is the upper light-converting film. It can be seen from the figures that the morphology of the three titanium dioxide films is not significantly different, and the TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed with a particle size of approximately 30-40 nm, indicating that the prepared light-converting film can simultaneously serve as a light-converting layer and an electron transport layer.

[0045] Example 2: Full-spectrum perovskite solar cells

[0046] Preparation method

[0047] 1. Corrosion and cleaning of conductive glass

[0048] A 0.5cm wide conductive film of the FTO conductive glass was etched away with hydrochloric acid and zinc powder. Then, the FTO conductive glass was placed on a cleaning rack and ultrasonically cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner in sequence with deionized water, acetone and anhydrous ethanol.

[0049] 2. Preparation of dense layer

[0050] A dense layer spin coating solution was prepared by mixing titanium diisopropoxybisacetylacetone and n-butanol at a volume ratio of 1:16. The solution was spin-coated onto conductive glass at a speed of 2000 r / min. After being fully dried, the solution was placed in a muffle furnace and annealed at 500℃ for 60 min to obtain a dense layer.

[0051] 3. Fabrication of the electron transport layer

[0052] Spin-coating of the lower optical conversion layer: 4.6 mL of ethanol and 2.8 mL of tetrabutyl titanate were added sequentially to a 50 mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution A. 50.8 mg of Yb₂O₃ and 16.4 mg of Er₂O₃ were weighed into a 25 mL beaker, and 0.064 mL of nitric acid was slowly added. The mixture was heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution, 0.5 mL of deionized water and 2.3 mL of anhydrous ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution B. Solution B was slowly added dropwise to solution A with a dropper while magnetically stirring to obtain the precursor solution. Spin-coating was performed on a dry glass slide at a speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Areas not requiring spin-coating were protected with tape during the process. The spin-coated glass slide was then dried on a 120°C heating stage for 10 minutes.

[0053] Spin-coating of the conventional layer: 4.6 mL of ethanol and 2.8 mL of tetrabutyl titanate were added sequentially to a 50 mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution C. 2.3 mL of anhydrous ethanol, 0.5 mL of deionized water, and 5 drops of nitric acid were added to a 25 mL beaker and magnetically stirred to form a clear solution D. While magnetically stirring, solution D was slowly added dropwise to solution C to obtain the precursor solution. Spin-coating was then performed on a dry glass slide at a speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Areas not requiring spin-coating were protected with tape during the process. The spin-coated glass slide was then dried on a 120°C heating stage for 10 minutes.

[0054] Spin-coating of the upper optical conversion layer: 4.6 mL of ethanol and 2.8 mL of tetrabutyl titanate were added sequentially to a 50 mL beaker to form a pale yellow solution E. 90.3 mg of Yb₂O₃ and 87.6 mg of Er₂O₃ were weighed into a 25 mL beaker, and 0.171 mL of nitric acid was slowly added. The mixture was heated with magnetic stirring until completely dissolved. After dissolution, 0.5 mL of deionized water and 2.3 mL of anhydrous ethanol were added sequentially with magnetic stirring to form solution F. Solution F was slowly added dropwise to solution E with a dropper while magnetically stirring to obtain the precursor solution. Spin-coating was performed on a dry glass slide at a speed of 3000 r / min for 20 s. Areas not requiring spin-coating were protected with tape during the process. The spin-coated glass slide was then dried on a 120°C heating stage for 10 min.

[0055] Place the dried electron transport layer into a muffle furnace and anneal at 400–500°C for 30–60 minutes.

[0056] 4. Preparation of the perovskite layer

[0057] The perovskite layer is prepared using a two-step spin-coating method. Step 1: A 0.1 mol / L PbI₂ solution is heated to 80°C. A conductive glass film coated with an electron transport layer is placed on a heating plate and heated to 100°C. 0.1 mL of PbI₂ solution is taken with a dropper and uniformly coated onto the electron transport layer. The spin-coating speed is 5500 rpm for 30 seconds. After spin-coating, the lead iodide film is dried in an oven at 75°C for 30 minutes. Step 2: 0.3 mL of a 10 mg / mL CH₃NH₃I solution is dropped from the center of the PbI₂ film. The CH₃NH₃I solution is spin-coated at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. After spin-coating, the film is placed on a heating plate for 1–2 minutes for a second coating. The process is repeated three times. Finally, the spin-coated film is annealed in an oven at 120°C for 20 minutes.

[0058] 5. Coating of carbon counter electrodes

[0059] The carbon paste used is an oil-based carbon paste. A small amount of carbon paste is scraped with a clean glass rod and evenly coated onto the surface of the perovskite layer. The coated glass substrate is then baked on a heating plate at 120°C for 10 minutes.

[0060] Comparative Example 1: Conventional Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cell

[0061] The preparation of this comparative battery is partially the same as that in Example 2, except that the electron transport layer is undoped titanium dioxide, which serves only as the electron transport layer. The preparation of the other parts is exactly the same as in Example 2.

[0062] Figure 6 This is a voltage-current density test curve of the perovskite solar cell of the present invention. The test controlled the intensity and area of ​​light irradiating the surfaces of the solar cells of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 to be the same. As can be seen from the graph, compared to Comparative Example 1, the photocurrent density of Example 2 is 13.95 mA / cm². 2 Increased to 15.00 mA / cm 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency increased from 5.26% to 5.96%, an increase of 13.3%. This indicates that sunlight is split into different wavelengths after passing through a prism, and then absorbed by different light-converting agents and converted into visible light, which is then absorbed by the light-absorbing layer of the cell, effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0063] The specific working principle diagram is as follows: Figure 7As shown, a beam of sunlight is dispersed into infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light by a prism, and then passes through the dense layer 3 to illuminate the composite electron transport layer 4. Next, the infrared light illuminates the upper light conversion layer 4.1, undergoing an upconversion process where the absorbed infrared light is converted into visible light. The visible light then passes directly through the conventional layer 4.2. Ultraviolet light illuminates the lower light conversion layer 4.3, undergoing a downconversion process where the absorbed ultraviolet light is also converted into visible light. Finally, all the visible light illuminates the perovskite light absorption layer 5, where it is absorbed. The resulting photogenerated electrons and holes are transferred to the FTO electrode 2 and the carbon electrode 6, respectively, and finally, the electrons and holes recombine in the external circuit to generate current. The use of a prism combined with the light conversion material effectively broadens the light absorption range of the perovskite solar cell. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of possible implementation schemes after the invention is widely applied.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum, characterized in that: A prism (1) is placed above a conductive glass (2). Below the conductive glass (2) are a compact layer (3), an electron transport layer (4), a perovskite layer (5), and a carbon electrode (6). Sunlight is dispersed by the prism (1) and then shines on the conductive glass (2). The dispersed sunlight passes through the compact layer (3) and the electron transport layer (4). When it passes through the perovskite layer (5), photoelectric conversion is formed. The current reaches the carbon electrode (6) to obtain a perovskite solar cell. After sunlight is dispersed by a prism (1), it is divided into ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light, which then shine on the conductive glass (2). The electron transport layer (4) is divided into a lower light-converting layer (4.1), a conventional layer (4.2) and an upper light-converting layer (4.3), which correspond to ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light respectively. The preparation method of the dense layer (3) includes the following steps: diisopropoxy diacetylacetone titanium and n-butanol are prepared into a dense layer spin coating solution, which is spin coated onto the conductive glass (2), dried, and then calcined at 400~500℃ for 30~60 min to obtain the dense layer (3) on the conductive glass (2). The preparation method of the lower optical conversion layer (4.1) in the electron transport layer includes the following steps: ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate are mixed to obtain solution A; Yb2O3 and Er2O3 are dissolved in nitric acid; deionized water and anhydrous ethanol are added to obtain solution B; solution B is slowly added dropwise to solution A under stirring to obtain a precursor solution; spin-coating is performed on a dry glass slide; after drying, annealing is performed to obtain the lower optical conversion layer (4.1). The preparation method of the conventional layer (4.2) includes the following steps: ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate are mixed to obtain a pale yellow solution C, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and nitric acid are mixed to obtain a clear solution D, solution D is slowly added dropwise to solution C under stirring to obtain a precursor solution, spin-coated on a dry glass slide, and dried to obtain the conventional layer (4.2). The preparation method of the upper light-converting layer (4.3) includes the following steps: Ethanol and tetrabutyl titanate are mixed evenly to obtain a pale yellow solution E. Yb2O3 and Er2O3 are taken, nitric acid is added, and the mixture is stirred and heated until completely dissolved. Under stirring conditions, deionized water and anhydrous ethanol are added to obtain solution F. Solution F is slowly added dropwise to solution E under stirring to obtain a precursor solution. The precursor solution is spin-coated on a dry glass slide and dried to obtain the upper light-converting layer (4.3). The electron transport layer (4) is annealed at high temperature. The perovskite layer (5) preparation method includes the following steps: 1) Heat the PbI2 solution to 60-80℃, heat the electron transport layer (4) to 90-100℃, spin-coat the PbI2 solution onto the electron transport layer (4), and dry; 2) Take CH3NH3I solution and spin-coat it onto the film obtained in step 1), dry it, and perform three cycles in total. After annealing, a perovskite layer (5) is obtained.

2. The perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive glass (2) is obtained by etching with hydrochloric acid and zinc powder followed by ultrasonic washing.

3. The perovskite solar cell utilizing the full spectrum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of carbon electrode (6) includes the following steps: uniformly coating an oily carbon paste onto the surface of a perovskite layer (5), and drying it to obtain carbon electrode (6).

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