Liquid-crystalline medium

Abstract

The present application relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium having negative dielectric anisotropy, comprising a compound of formula I as defined herein, and to the use of this LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in energy-saving LC displays, especially IPS, FFS, VA or PS-VA displays.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media having negative dielectric anisotropy, comprising compounds of formula I as defined herein, and to the use of such LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, particularly in energy-efficient LC displays, especially in IPS, FFS, VA or PS-VA displays. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are used for information display in many fields. LCDs are used for both direct-view displays and projection displays. The electro-optic modes used include twisted nematic (TN), super-twisted nematic (STN), optically compensated bending (OCB), and electro-controlled birefringence (ECB) modes, as well as their various variations and other modes. All of these modes employ an electric field that is substantially perpendicular to the substrate or liquid crystal layer.

[0003] A so-called wide-viewing-angle VA (“vertical alignment”) display is known. The LC cell of a VA display contains a layer of LC dielectric between two transparent electrodes, where the LC dielectric typically has negative dielectric anisotropy. In the off-state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surfaces (i.e., vertically) or have an inclined vertical alignment. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a reorientation of the LC molecules parallel to the electrode surfaces occurs.

[0004] Another development is the so-called PS (“polymer-stabilized”) or PSA (“polymer-stabilized alignment”) type display, which is occasionally also referred to as “polymer stabilization”. In these, a small amount (e.g., 0.3 wt%, typically <1 wt%) of one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably polymerizable monomeric compounds, is added to the liquid crystal medium, and after the liquid crystal medium is filled into the display, it is polymerized or crosslinked in situ (usually by UV photopolymerization), while optionally a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display. Polymerization is carried out at the temperature at which the liquid crystal phase is displayed in the liquid crystal medium, typically at room temperature. The addition of polymerizable mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds (also called reactive mesocrystalline or “RM”) to the liquid crystal mixture has proven particularly suitable.

[0005] Also known are so-called IPS ("in-plane switching") displays, which contain an LC layer between two substrates, with two electrodes disposed on only one of the two substrates, and preferably having an interlocking comb-like structure. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric field with a significant component parallel to the LC layer is thus generated between them. This causes the LC molecules to reorient within the layer plane.

[0006] Additionally, so-called FFS (edge ​​field switching) displays have been reported (see especially SH Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, 1028), which contain two electrodes on the same substrate, one structured in a comb-like manner and the other unstructured. This generates a strong so-called "edge field," i.e., a strong electric field near the edge of the electrode, and such an electric field throughout the cell, which has both strong vertical and strong horizontal components. FFS displays exhibit low contrast viewing angle dependence. FFS displays typically contain an LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy and an alignment layer, typically a polyimide alignment layer, which provides planar alignment of the molecules of the LC dielectric.

[0007] Other FFS displays have been disclosed (see SH Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(20), 1998, 2882-2883 and SH Lee et al., Liquid Crystals 39(9), 2012, 1141-1148), which have similar electrode designs and layer thicknesses to previous FFS displays, but include a layer of LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy instead of a layer of LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy. LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibits a more favorable director orientation compared to LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy, with less tilt and more torsional orientation, resulting in higher transmittance for these displays. The displays also include an alignment layer, preferably provided on at least one substrate as a polyimide, which contacts the LC dielectric and induces planar alignment of the LC molecules of the LC dielectric. These displays are also referred to as “Ultra-Brightness FFS (UB-FFS)” mode displays.

[0008] Typical applications of in-plane switching (IPS) and edge field switching (FFS) technologies include monitors, laptops, televisions, mobile phones, tablets, etc.

[0009] Both IPS and FFS technologies have certain advantages over other LCD technologies, such as improved contrast ratios and even wider viewing angles.

[0010] Liquid crystal compositions suitable for LCDs, and especially for FFS and IPS displays, are known from the prior art, for example, JP 07-181 439(A), EP 0 667 555, EP 0 673 986, DE 195 09 410, DE 195 28106, DE 195 28 107, WO 96 / 23 851, and WO 96 / 28 521. However, these compositions have certain disadvantages. Among other disadvantages, they mostly result in unfavorably long addressing times, insufficient resistivity values, and / or require excessively high operating voltages. Improvements in both operational performance and shelf life are desirable.

[0011] The PS(A) principle is used in various conventional LC display modes. Therefore, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, and PS-TN displays are known, for example. In the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, RM aggregation preferably occurs under an applied voltage, while in the case of PS-IPS displays, it occurs with or without, but preferably without, an applied voltage.

[0012] For some display modes, self-aligning agents or additives are added to the LC dielectric, which induces the desired alignment, such as vertical or planar alignment, in situ through a self-assembly mechanism. Therefore, conventional alignment layers on one or both of the substrates can be omitted. These display modes are also known as "self-aligned" or "self-aligned (SA)" modes.

[0013] There is still a need in the field for other liquid crystal media and their use in displays with high transmittance, good black states and high contrast, especially in FFS and IPS applications, providing good low-temperature stability and fast addressing time. Summary of the Invention

[0014] Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal medium, particularly for FFS, UB-FFS and IPS displays, and also for VA or PS-VA displays, especially for active matrix displays such as those addressed by TFT, which does not exhibit the aforementioned disadvantages or exhibits only minor disadvantages, and preferably has high specific resistivity, low threshold voltage, suitable dielectric anisotropy, good low temperature stability (LTS), fast response time and low rotational viscosity, enabling high brightness and high transmittance, and additionally exhibiting good reliability and stability.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a display having high contrast, high transmittance in an optical state, fast addressing time, and favorable stability, particularly at low and high temperatures. Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description.

[0016] These objectives are achieved by means of the subject matter defined in the independent claims, while preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims and further described below.

[0017] The present invention specifically provides the following items, including key aspects, preferred embodiments and specific features, which, individually or in combination, contribute to solving the above-mentioned objectives and ultimately provide additional advantages.

[0018] A first aspect of the present invention provides a liquid crystal medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and comprising one or more compounds of formula I.

[0019]

[0020] in

[0021] R 1 Represents a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups can be independently separated from each other. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are used to replace the O atoms in a manner that prevents them from being directly bonded to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogens.

[0022] R 2 H represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups in these groups can be independently separated from each other. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are substituted in such a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogens.

[0023] Y 1 It represents H, F, Cl or CH3, preferably H or CH3, more preferably H.

[0024] It has been advantageously recognized that the use of the liquid crystal medium according to the invention enables advantageous optical and electro-optical properties, particularly fast response time, high brightness, and high contrast in displays as described and claimed herein. Furthermore, the medium according to the invention surprisingly and advantageously exhibits suitably high optical anisotropy and excellent stability, especially at high and low temperatures, as well as excellent reliability, particularly relative to light, especially ultraviolet light and heat, and a favorable voltage retention rate (VHR) under extreme loads. In particular, the voltage retention rate after ultraviolet light loading is improved.

[0025] This enables LCD displays, especially UB-FFS, FFS, and IPS modes, to have high brightness, high transmittance, and short response time.

[0026] The liquid crystal medium according to the invention is suitable for electro-optic displays, such as large-screen television applications, and mobile applications, such as mobile phones and PDAs, based on dielectric negative liquid crystals and their polymer stable variants.

[0027] Therefore, another aspect of the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal medium according to the present invention, preferably a VA, IPS, U-IPS, FFS, UB-FFS, SA-FFS, SA-VA, PSA, PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or PS-UB-FFS display or a polymer-stabilized SA-VA or polymer-stabilized SA-FFS display.

[0028] Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the liquid crystal medium according to the invention in electro-optic switching applications, particularly in electro-optic displays, but also in shutters, switchable windows, or in 3D applications.

[0029] Without limiting the invention thereon, the invention is described below by way of detailed description of aspects, embodiments and specific features, and specific embodiments are described in more detail.

[0030] In this document, halogen means F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl, and more preferably F.

[0031] In this invention, all atoms also include their isotopes. In particular, one or more hydrogen atoms (H) may be replaced by deuterium (D), which is particularly preferred in some embodiments; high deuteration enables or simplifies the analysis of compounds, especially at low concentrations.

[0032] In this document, alkyl and / or alkoxy refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms, and thus preferably represents ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy or heptoxy, and methyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, methoxy, octyloxy, nonoxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy or tetradecyloxy.

[0033] In this document, oxaalkyl preferably represents straight-chain 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2- (=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl.

[0034] In this text, the alkenyl group, i.e., an alkyl group in which one of the CH2 groups has been replaced by -CH=CH-, can be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Therefore, it specifically represents vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hep-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, oct-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, non-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, dec-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.

[0035] In this document, the alkyl or alkenyl group at least monosubstituted with a halogen is preferably straight-chain, and the halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstituted groups, the halogen is preferably F. The resulting groups also include perfluorinated groups. In the case of monosubstituted groups, the fluorine or chlorine substituent can be at any desired position, but is preferably at the ω-position.

[0036] In this document, mono- or polyfluoroalkyl or alkoxy groups having 1, 2, or 3 carbon atoms, or mono- or polyfluoroalkenyl groups having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, are particularly preferred, including F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, OCFHCF3, OCFHCHF2, OCFHCHF2, OCF2CH3, OCF2CHF2, OCF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCFHCF2CF3, OCFHCF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CF3, OCF2CF2CClF2, OCClFCF2CF3, OCH=CF2, or CH=CF2. F or OCF3, as well as CF3, OCF=CF2, OCHF2, or OCH=CF2 are very particularly preferred.

[0037] In this article, the 1,4-cyclohexylene ring and the 1,4-phenylene ring are described as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] The cyclohexyl ring is the trans-1,4-cyclohexyl ring.

[0041] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a negative dielectric anisotropy Δε.

[0042] In this context, Δε represents dielectric anisotropy, where Δε = ε || -ε ⊥ The dielectric anisotropy Δε is preferably determined at 20 °C and 1 kHz.

[0043] Specifically, the liquid crystal medium preferably has a negative dielectric anisotropy Δε of -0.5 or less, more preferably -1.5 or less, and even more preferably -2.5 or less. Particularly preferred is that the liquid crystal medium exhibits a dielectric anisotropy Δε of -6 to -2, more preferably -5.5 to -2.5, even more preferably -5 to -3, and especially -4.5 to -3.5.

[0044] The liquid crystal medium preferably has an optical anisotropy Δn of 0.08 or higher, more preferably 0.09 or higher, and even more preferably 0.10 or higher.

[0045] In this context, Δn represents optical anisotropy, where Δn = n e -n o The optical anisotropy Δn is preferably measured at 20°C and a wavelength of 589.3 nm. The liquid crystal medium preferably has an optical anisotropy in the range of 0.08 to 0.13, especially in the range of 0.10 to 0.12.

[0046] According to the present invention, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of Formula I as described herein.

[0047] Preferably, R in Formula I 1 This indicates an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, more preferably a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. R 1 The particularly preferred terms are CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0048] Preferably, R in Formula I 2 R indicates an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, more preferably a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. 2 Particularly preferred are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, or n-pentyl.

[0049] In one embodiment, the liquid crystal medium happens to contain a compound of formula I.

[0050] In another embodiment, the liquid crystal medium comprises two or more compounds of Formula I.

[0051] Preferably, one or more compounds of Formula I, especially its further preferred compounds, are included in the liquid crystal medium in an amount of 10% by weight or less, more preferably 7% by weight or less, and even more preferably 4% by weight or less. Preferably, the total amount of one or more compounds of Formula I included in the liquid crystal medium, especially its further preferred compounds, is in the range of 0.25% by weight to 8% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, and especially in the range of 1% by weight to 3% by weight.

[0052] The compounds of Formula I are preferably selected from compounds of Formulas I-1 to I-10.

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Where R 1 and R 2 Having the meaning given for Equation I above,

[0056] and R 1Preferably, it represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, and more preferably, it represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2- and R 2 Preferably, it refers to a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, one or more compounds of formula I are selected from compounds of formulas Ia to If.

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Where R 2 Having the meaning given above for Formula I, preferably representing methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, methoxy, ethoxy or n-propoxy, more preferably representing methyl or ethyl, especially representing methyl.

[0061] The liquid crystal medium containing the Ia-1 compound is particularly preferred.

[0062]

[0063] In the following text, it is also designated as compound CLP-V-1, based on the acronym explained in Tables A through C.

[0064] Preferably, the compound of formula Ia-1 is included in the liquid crystal medium in an amount of 10% by weight or less, more preferably 7% by weight or less, and even more preferably 4% by weight or less. Preferably, the amount of the compound of formula Ia-1 included in the liquid crystal medium is in the range of 0.25% by weight to 8% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, and particularly in the range of 1% by weight to 3% by weight.

[0065] In one embodiment, the compound of formula Ia-1 is the only compound of formula I contained in the medium. However, according to another embodiment besides the compound of formula Ia-1, the medium may contain one, two, or more compounds that also conform to formula I.

[0066] In another embodiment, the liquid crystal medium comprises compound Ia-2

[0067]

[0068] Preferably, the liquid crystal medium further includes one or more compounds selected from formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID.

[0069]

[0070] in

[0071] R 2A R 2B R 2C

[0072] and R 2D Each of these groups independently represents H, an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted with CN or CF3, or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, wherein one or more of these groups may be -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -OC-O-, or -O-CO- can be used to replace O atoms in a way that prevents them from being directly bonded to each other.

[0073] L 1 To L 4 Each can be represented independently as F, Cl, CF3, or CHF2.

[0074] Y represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, or CH3.

[0075] Z 2 Z 2B and Z 2D Each of these independently represents a single bond: -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, or -CH=CHCH2O-.

[0076] p represents 0, 1, or 2.

[0077] q represents 0 or 1, and

[0078] v represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0079] The medium preferably contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID, in a total amount of 5% by weight or more, more preferably 12.5% ​​by weight or more, even more preferably 25% by weight or more, and especially 40% by weight or more. In a particular embodiment, the total amount of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID, especially its further preferred compounds, contained in the liquid crystal medium is in the range of 10% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably from 20% by weight to 55% by weight, and especially from 30% by weight to 50% by weight.

[0080] In compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, and IID, Z 2 They can have the same or different meanings. In compounds of formula IIB, Z 2 and Z 2B They can have the same or different meanings. In compounds of formula IID, Z 2 and Z 2D They can have the same or different meanings.

[0081] In compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID, R 2A R 2B R 2C and R 2D Each preferred indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, n-C5H 11 .

[0082] In compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, and IID, L 1 L 2 L 3 and L 4 Preferred representation L 1 =L 2 =F and L 3 =L 4 =F. Furthermore, this group may preferably represent L. 1 =F and L 2 =Cl,L 1 =Cl and L 2 =F,L 3 =F and L 4 =Cl,L 3 =Cl and L 4 =F. Z in equations IIA and IIB 2 and Z 2B Each bond is preferably represented independently of the others, and -C2H4- bridges are also present.

[0083] If in equation IIB, Z 2 =-C2H4- or -CH2O-, Z 2B Preferred single bond or if Z 2B =-C2H4- or -CH2O-, Z 2 Single bonds are preferred.

[0084] In formula IID, Z 2D Single bonds are preferred.

[0085] In compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID, (O)C v H 2v+1 Indicates OC v H 2v+1 Or Cv H 2v+1 In compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, and IID, (O)C v H 2v+1 Preferred representation of OC v H 2v+1 In compounds of formula IIC, (O)C v H 2v+1 Preferred representation C v H 2v+1 .

[0086] In compounds of formula IIC, L 3 and L 4 Each is preferably represented by F.

[0087] Preferred compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID are indicated below:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092]

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Wherein parameter a represents 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0100] The particularly preferred liquid crystal mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of the formulas IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, II-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1, and IID-4.

[0101] Particularly preferred liquid crystal media comprise one or more compounds of formula IIA-2, IIA-10, and / or IIB-10. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal media comprises at least one compound of formula IIA-2, at least one compound of formula IIA-10, and at least one compound of formula IIB-10.

[0102] The proportion of the IIA and / or IIB compounds in the whole mixture is preferably at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, and even more preferably at least 40% by weight.

[0103] In one embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises at least one compound of formula IIC-1.

[0104]

[0105] Wherein alkyl and alkyl* have the above meanings, and the content is preferably >3% by weight, especially >5% by weight.

[0106] In a particular embodiment, the liquid crystal medium according to the invention does not contain any compound of formula IID-4, more preferably does not contain any compound of formula IID-4 and IID-5, and especially does not contain any compound of formula IID.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula III.

[0108]

[0109] in

[0110] R 11 and R 12 Each of these groups independently represents H, and is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of these CH2 groups can be independently represented by H. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are substituted in such a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogens.

[0111] A 1 Each occurrence is represented independently.

[0112] a) 1,4-cyclohexeneyl or 1,4-cyclohexeneyl, wherein one or both non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- or -S-.

[0113] b) 1,4-Phenylidene, wherein one or both CH groups may be replaced by N, or

[0114] c) A group selected from the groups spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fluorene-2,7-diyl.

[0115] Groups a), b), and c) can be mono- or poly-substituted with halogen atoms.

[0116] n represents 0, 1, or 2, preferably 0 or 1.

[0117] Z 1 Each occurrence independently represents -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, and

[0118] L 11 and L 12 Each of these can be independently represented as F, Cl, CF3, or CHF2, preferably H or F, with F being the most preferred.

[0119] W represents O or S.

[0120] Preferably, one or more compounds of Formula III, especially its further preferred compounds, are included in the liquid crystal medium in a total amount of 20% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, and even more preferably 10% by weight or less. Preferably, the total amount of one or more compounds of Formula III included in the liquid crystal medium, especially its further preferred compounds, is in the range of 2.5% by weight to 15% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5% by weight to 10% by weight, and especially in the range of 6% by weight to 9% by weight.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2.

[0122]

[0123] The groups appearing therein have the same meaning as given in Formula III above, and preferably

[0124] R 11 and R 12 Each of these independently represents an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkoxy group having a maximum of 15 carbon atoms, more preferably one or both of them representing an alkoxy group, and

[0125] L 11 and L 12 Each represents F.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1, wherein the compounds of formula III-1 are selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-1-1 to III-1-10, preferably formula III-1-6.

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] in

[0130] alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy* each independently represent a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, and L... 11 and L 12 Each can be represented independently as F or Cl, with F being the preferred choice.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-2, wherein the compounds of formula III-2 are selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-2-1 to III-2-10, preferably formula III-2-6.

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] in

[0135] alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy* each independently represent a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, and L... 1 and L 2 Each can be represented independently as F or Cl, with F being the preferred choice.

[0136] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIIA-1 and / or IIIA-2.

[0137]

[0138] Where L 11 and L 12 Having the same meaning as given in Equation III, (O) represents O or a single bond.

[0139] R IIIA Cy-C indicates an alkyl or alkenyl group or group having a maximum of 7 carbon atoms. m H 2m+1 -,

[0140] m and n are the same or different, being 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, preferably 1, 2, or 3, more preferably 1, and

[0141] Cy represents an alicyclic group having 3, 4, or 5 ring atoms, which may be an alkyl or alkenyl group having a maximum of 3 carbon atoms, or may be substituted with halogen or CN, and preferably represents cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl.

[0142] Compounds of formula IIIA-1 and / or IIIA-2 are contained in the medium as a substitute for or supplement to compounds of formula III, preferably as a supplement to them.

[0143] The particularly preferred compounds of formulas IIIA-1 and IIIA-2 are as follows:

[0144]

[0145] Here, alkoxy represents a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

[0146] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3, preferably in a total amount ranging from 2.5% to 15% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 10% by weight.

[0147]

[0148] in

[0149] R 11 R 12 The same or different representations of H, alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups in these groups are optionally independently of each other marked with -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are used to replace the O atoms in a manner that prevents them from being directly connected to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogens.

[0150] One or more compounds of formula III-3 are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-3-1 to III-3-10:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] Where R 12 The alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms is preferred to be ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl.

[0154] The medium is particularly preferably containing one or more compounds of formula III-3-2.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-4 to III-6, preferably compounds of formula III-5.

[0156]

[0157] The parameters have the meanings given above, R 11 Preferably, it represents straight-chain alkyl and R 12 Preferably, alkoxy groups are represented, each having 1-7 C atoms.

[0158] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III, selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas III-7 to III-9, preferably compounds of formula III-8.

[0159]

[0160] The parameters have the meanings given above, R 11 Preferably, it represents straight-chain alkyl and R 12 Preferably, alkoxy groups are represented, each having 1-7 C atoms.

[0161] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0162]

[0163] in

[0164] R 41This indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably a n-alkyl group, and particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.

[0165] R 42 The term indicates an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, both preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, more preferably vinyl or 1-propenyl, especially vinyl.

[0166] Preferably, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV in a total amount of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight, and particularly at least 35% by weight.

[0167] Compounds of formula IV are preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IV-1 to IV-4.

[0168]

[0169] in

[0170] alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0171] alkenyl indicates an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 carbon atoms.

[0172] 'alkenyl' represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and

[0173] alkoxy means an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0174] Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formula IV-1-1 to IV-1-5.

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-2-1 and / or IV-2-2.

[0178]

[0179] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-3, particularly compounds selected from formulas IV-3-1 to IV-3-5.

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] Preferably, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-3-1 to IV-3-5, in a total amount of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight, and particularly at least 35% by weight.

[0183] Particularly preferred is that the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formula IV-3-1, IV-3-3, and IV-3-4. Even more preferred is that the medium comprises a compound of formula IV-3-1 and / or a compound of formula IV-3-3, preferably in a total amount of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, and even more preferably at least 30% by weight.

[0184] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of formula IV-4, particularly compounds selected from formulas IV-4-1 and IV-4-2.

[0185]

[0186] The liquid crystal medium preferably further comprises one or more compounds of formula IVa.

[0187]

[0188] in

[0189] R 41 and R 42 Each of these independently represents a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxy group having a maximum of 12 carbon atoms. express and

[0190] Z 4 Representing single bonds: -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-

[0191] -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -C4H8- or -CF=CF-.

[0192] Preferred compounds of formula IVa are shown below:

[0193]

[0194] in

[0195] Alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0196] The medium according to the invention preferably contains at least one compound of formula IVa-1 and / or formula IVa-2.

[0197] In one embodiment, the proportion of the formula IVa compound in the entire mixture is at least 5% by weight.

[0198] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3.

[0199]

[0200] in

[0201] alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and

[0202] alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0203] The proportion of compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3 in the whole mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, and particularly ≥5% by weight.

[0204] Of the compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compound of formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0205] The following are particularly preferred compounds of formula IVb:

[0206]

[0207] Wherein alkyl* represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, and preferably represents n-propyl. The medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1-1 and / or IVb-2-3.

[0208] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal medium comprises an IVb-2-3 compound, preferably at least 3% by weight, especially at least 5% by weight.

[0209] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula V.

[0210]

[0211] in

[0212] R 51and R 52 Independently possessing the properties of Equation IV for R 41 and R 42 The term "alkyl" is given in one of the following meanings and is preferably indicated by having 1-7 carbon atoms, preferably n-alkyl, particularly preferably n-alkyl having 1-5 carbon atoms; alkoxy having 1-7 carbon atoms, preferably n-alkoxy, particularly preferably n-alkoxy having 2-5 carbon atoms; alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy having 2-7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2-4 carbon atoms, preferably alkenyloxy.

[0213] Same or different

[0214]

[0215] in

[0216] Preferred representation

[0217] Z 51 Z 52 Each of these can be independently represented as -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO-, or a single bond, preferably -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, or a single bond, preferably a single bond.

[0218] n is 1 or 2.

[0219] The compounds of formula V are preferably selected from compounds of formulas V-1 to V-16:

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] Where R 1 and R 2 Having the above in equation V for R 51 The meaning of R. 1 and R 2 Preferably, each represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl group independently of the other.

[0223] The preferred medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulas V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15, and / or V-16.

[0224] The mixtures according to the invention preferably contain compounds of formula V-10, V-12 and / or V-16, particularly in amounts of 5% to 30% by weight.

[0225] The preferred compounds of formula V-10 are shown below:

[0226]

[0227] In a preferred embodiment, the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formulas VI-1 to VI-9.

[0228]

[0229]

[0230] in

[0231] R 7 Each has its own independent property in relation to R in equation V. 51 One of the meanings, and

[0232] w and x each represent 1 to 6 independently.

[0233] A mixture comprising at least one compound of formula V-9 is particularly preferred.

[0234] In a preferred embodiment, the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formulas VII-1 to VII-21.

[0235]

[0236]

[0237]

[0238] Wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (O) represents -O- or a single bond, and m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy.

[0239] Other preferred implementation schemes are listed below:

[0240] a) A liquid crystal medium comprising at least one compound of formula Z-1 to Z-7,

[0241]

[0242] Where R and alkyl have the above properties for R in Formula III 11 The meaning indicated.

[0243] b) Preferred liquid crystal media comprise one or more substances containing tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl units, such as compounds of formulas N-1 to N-5.

[0244]

[0245] Where R 1N and R 2N Each has independently the property of R in Equation III. 11 The indicated meaning preferably refers to a straight-chain alkyl, a straight-chain alkoxy, or a straight-chain alkenyl group, and

[0246] Z 1 and Z 2 Each of these can be represented independently as -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2-, or a single bond.

[0247] c) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more compounds selected from: difluorodibenzo-p-chromium compounds of formula BC, chromium compounds of formula CR, and fluorinated phenanthrene compounds of formulas PH-1 and PH-2.

[0248]

[0249]

[0250] in

[0251] R B1 ,R B2 ,R CR1 ,R CR2 ,R 1 ,R 2 Each has its own independent property regarding R in Equation III. 11 The meaning of . c is 0, 1, or 2. R 1 and R 2 Preferably, alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1-6 carbon atoms are represented independently of each other.

[0252] The mixture of the present invention preferably contains compounds of formula BC, CR, PH-1, and PH-2 in an amount of 3-20 wt%, particularly in an amount of 3-15 wt%.

[0253] Particularly preferred compounds of formulas BC and CR are compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5.

[0254]

[0255]

[0256] in

[0257] alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and

[0258] alkenyl and

[0259] alkenyl* each independently represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0260] A mixture of compounds comprising one, two, or three of the formula BC-2, BF-1, and / or BF-2 is particularly preferred.

[0261] d) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more indene compounds of the formula In.

[0262]

[0263] in

[0264] R 11 R 12 R 13 Each of these groups independently represents a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or alkenyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

[0265] R 12 and R 13 Additionally, halogen is indicated, preferably F.

[0266] express

[0267]

[0268] i represents 0, 1, or 2.

[0269] Preferred compounds of formula In are those of formulas In-1 to In-16 as indicated below:

[0270]

[0271]

[0272] Compounds of particularly preferred formulations In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4.

[0273] Compounds of formula In and sub-formulas In-1 to In-16 are preferably used in the mixtures of the present invention at a concentration of ≥5 wt%, particularly 5-30 wt% and very particularly preferably 5-25 wt%.

[0274] e) Preferred mixtures additionally contain one or more compounds of formula L-1 to L-5.

[0275]

[0276]

[0277] in

[0278] R and R 1 Each independently possesses the properties of R in Equation III above. 11 The meaning indicated is that alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms. The parameter s indicates 1 or 2.

[0279] The compounds of formulas L-1 to L-5 are preferably used at a concentration of 5-50 wt%, particularly 5-40 wt%, and very particularly preferably 10-40 wt%.

[0280] f) Preferred mixtures additionally contain one or more compounds of formula IIA-Y.

[0281]

[0282] Where R 11 and R 12 Having the above equation III for R 11 One of the given meanings, and L 1 and L 2 F or Cl can be represented in the same or different ways.

[0283] The preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0284]

[0285]

[0286] Wherein, Alkyl and Alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, Alkoxy represents a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl and Alkenyl* preferably represent CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0287] The particularly preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the following sub-formulas:

[0288]

[0289]

[0290] Alkoxy and Alkoxy* have the meanings defined above and preferably represent methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0291] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention is suitable for use in polymer-stabilized displays.

[0292] Therefore, in one embodiment, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P.

[0293] P-Sp-A 1 -(Z 1 -A 2 ) z -RP

[0294] Each group is independent of the others, and each occurrence of the same or different groups has the following meaning:

[0295] P is a polymerizable group.

[0296] Sp can be a spacer group or a single bond.

[0297] A 1 A 2 It is an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic group, preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, and may also contain a fused ring, which is unsubstituted, or monosubstituted or polysubstituted.

[0298] Z 1 is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2) n1 -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH2-CH2-, -CR 0 R 00 -or a single key,

[0299] R 0 R 00 It is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0300] R is H, L, or P-Sp-.

[0301] L is F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp- or a straight-chain, branched or cycloalkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are optionally substituted with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally substituted with P-Sp-, F or Cl.

[0302] z is 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0303] n1 can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0304] As used herein, the terms “active layer” and “switchable layer” refer to a layer in an electro-optic display, such as an LC display, comprising one or more molecules (e.g., LC molecules) having structural and optical anisotropy, which change their orientation when subjected to external stimuli such as an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change in the layer’s transmittance to polarized or unpolarized light.

[0305] As used herein, the terms “tilt” and “tilt angle” should be understood to refer to the tilted orientation of the LC molecules of the LC medium relative to the cell surface in the LC display (preferably a PSA display). The tilt angle here represents the average angle (<90°) between the longitudinal molecular axis (LC director) of the LC molecules and the outer plate parallel to the plane forming the LC cell. Lower tilt angles (i.e., larger deviations from 90°) correspond to larger tilts.

[0306] As used herein, the terms “reactive mesocrystalline” and “RM” should be understood to mean a compound comprising a mesocrystalline or liquid crystal framework and one or more functional groups attached thereto suitable for polymerization, and said functional groups are also referred to as “polymerizable groups” or “P”.

[0307] Unless otherwise stated, the term “polymerizable compound” as used herein should be understood as a polymerizable monomeric compound.

[0308] As used herein, the term “low molecular weight compound” should be understood to mean a monomeric compound and / or a compound not prepared by polymerization, as opposed to “polymeric compound” or “polymer”.

[0309] As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" should be understood to mean a compound that does not contain functional groups suitable for polymerization under the conditions typically applied to RM polymerization.

[0310] As used herein, the term "mesocrystalline group" is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, and it refers to a group that substantially contributes to the formation of a liquid crystal (LC) phase in a low molecular weight or polymeric substance due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions. A compound containing a mesocrystalline group (mesocrystalline compound) does not necessarily have an LC phase by itself. Mesocrystalline compounds may also exhibit LC phase behavior only after being mixed with other compounds and / or after polymerization. Typical mesocrystalline groups are, for example, rigid rod-shaped or disk-shaped units. Terms and definitions used in connection with mesocrystalline or LC compounds are given in PureAppl.Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew.Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368.

[0311] As used herein, the terms “optically active” and “chiral” are synonymous for materials that can induce helical pitch in nematic host materials, also known as “chiral dopants”.

[0312] As used herein, the term "spacer group" (hereinafter also referred to as "Sp") is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer base" means a flexible group, such as an alkylene group, attached to a mesocrystalline group or polymerizable group (one or more) in a polymerizable mesocrystalline compound.

[0313] In the context, It represents the trans-1,4-cyclohexyl ring.

[0314] In groups In the diagram, it is shown that the single bond between two ring atoms can be attached to any free position on the benzene ring.

[0315] In this context, "organic group" refers to a carbon or hydrocarbon group.

[0316] "Carbon group" refers to a monovalent or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, wherein the group does not contain other atoms (e.g., -C≡C-) or optionally contains one or more other atoms, such as N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge (e.g., carbonyl group). The term "hydrocarbon group" refers to a carbon group that additionally contains one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge.

[0317] "Halogen" refers to F, Cl, Br or I, with F or Cl being preferred.

[0318] -CO-, -C(=O)-, and -C(O)- represent carbonyl groups, i.e.

[0319] The carbon or hydrocarbon group can be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups. Carbon or hydrocarbon groups having more than 3 carbon atoms can be straight-chain, branched, and / or cyclic, and may also contain spirolinked or fused rings.

[0320] The terms "alkyl", "aryl", and "heteroaryl" also include polyvalent groups, such as alkylene, arylene, and heteroarylene.

[0321] The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom. The term "heteroaryl" refers to an "aryl" group as defined above that contains one or more heteroatoms (preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, and Ge).

[0322] Preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are optionally substituted, and are straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, alkyl carbonyl, and alkoxy carbonyloxy groups having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, very preferably 1 to 12 C atoms; optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy groups having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25 C atoms; or optionally substituted alkylaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, and aryloxycarbonyloxy groups having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more C atoms may also be replaced by heteroatoms (preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, and Ge).

[0323] Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are C1-C 20 Alkyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkynyl group, C3-C 20 Allyl, C4-C 20 Alkyl diene group, C4-C 20 Polyene, C6-C 20 cycloalkyl, C4-C 15 Cycloalkenyl, C6-C 30 Aryl, C6-C 30 Alkyl aryl, C6-C 30 Araneyl, C6-C 30 Alkyl aryloxy, C6-C 30 arylalkoxy, C2-C 30 heteroaryl, C2-C 30 heteroaryloxyl.

[0324] C1-C is particularly preferred. 12 Alkyl, C2-C 12 alkenyl, C2-C 12 alkynyl group, C6-C 25 Aryl and C2-C 25 Mixed aromatic compounds.

[0325] Further preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon groups are straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1-20, preferably 1-12 C atoms, which are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently converted to -C(R) x )=C(R x )-、-C≡-、-N(R x -, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- are used to replace O and / or S atoms in a way that prevents them from being directly connected to each other.

[0326] R x Preferably, it represents H, F, Cl, CN, a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or it represents an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 30 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 30 C atoms.

[0327] Preferred alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoron-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, etc.

[0328] Preferred alkenyl groups include, for example, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, etc.

[0329] Preferred alkynyl groups include, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, penynyl, hexynyl, octyynyl, etc.

[0330] Preferred alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy, etc.

[0331] Preferred amino groups include, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, etc.

[0332] Aryl and heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic, meaning they can contain one ring (e.g., phenyl) or two or more rings, and can be fused (e.g., naphthyl) or covalently bonded (e.g., biphenyl), or a combination of fused and linking rings. Heteroaryl groups contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from O, N, S, and Se.

[0333] Particularly preferred are mono-, di-, or tricyclic aryl groups having 6-25 carbon atoms and mono-, di-, or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5-25 ring atoms, optionally containing a fused ring and optionally substituted. Further preferred are 5-, 6-, or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups, wherein one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S, or O in such a manner that the O atoms and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other.

[0334] Preferred aryl groups include, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1':3',1”]-terphenyl-2'-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, bidinaphthyl, phenanthryl, 9,10-dihydro-phenanthryl, pyrene, dihydropyrene, Dinaphthylbenzene, tetraphenylbenzene, pentaphenylbenzene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluorene, indene, indo[a]fluorene, spirobifluorene, etc.

[0335] Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, 5-membered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazolium, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 6-membered rings, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetraazine, 1,2,3,4-tetraazine, 1,2,3,5-tetraazine, or fused groups, such as indole, isoindole, indole Azine, Indazole, Benzimidazole, Benzitriazole, Purine, Naphthemidazole, Phenylenazole, Pyridinazole, Pyrazinazole, Quinoxaline, Benzooxazole, Naphthemidazole, Anthrazooxazole, Phenylenazole, Isoxazole, Benzothiazolazole, Benzofuran, Isobenzofuran, Dibenzofuran, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Pteridine, Benzo-5,6-quinoline, Benzo-6,7-quinoline, Benzo- 7,8-quinoline, benzoisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenothiazine, benzopyridinium, quinoxaline, phenothiazine, naphthidine, azacarbazole, benzocarbine, phenanthridine, phenanthroxaline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithieno[2,3b]thiophene, isobenzo[2,3b]thiophene, dibenzo[2,3b]thiophene, benzo[2,3b]thiophene, benzo[2,3b]thiophene, di[2,3b]thiophene, isobenzo[2,3b]thiophene, dibenzo[2,3b]thiophene, ...

[0336] The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned in the context may also be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl or other aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0337] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can include both saturated rings (i.e., rings containing only single bonds) and partially unsaturated rings (i.e., those containing multiple bonds). Heterocyclic groups contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from Si, O, N, S, and Se.

[0338] The (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e., containing only one ring (e.g., cyclohexane), or polycyclic, i.e., containing multiple rings (e.g., decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Saturated groups are particularly preferred. Furthermore, mono-, bi-, or tricyclic groups having 5-25 ring atoms are preferred, optionally containing fused rings and optionally substituted. Further preferred are 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered carbocyclic groups, wherein one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and / or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N and / or one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- and / or -S-.

[0339] Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups, such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, and pyrrolidine; 6-membered groups, such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothioran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, and piperidine; 7-membered groups, such as cycloheptane; and fused groups, such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, and octahydro-4,7-bridged methylene indane-2,5-diyl.

[0340] Preferred substituents are, for example, solubility-promoting groups, such as alkyl or alkoxy groups; electron-withdrawing groups, such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile groups; or substituents used to increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, especially bulky groups, such as tert-butyl or optionally substituted aryl groups.

[0341] Preferred substituents, hereinafter also referred to as "L" S ", for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2、-C(=O)Y 1 -C(=O)R x -N(R) x )2, a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, alkyl carbonyloxy or alkoxy carbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may optionally be replaced by F or Cl, an optionally substituted silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms, or an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15 C atoms.

[0342] Where R x Represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl, P-, or P-Sp-, and

[0343] Y 1 It represents halogens.

[0344] "Substituted silyl or aryl" preferably indicates that it is substituted with halogen, -CN, R 0 -OR 0 -CO-R 0 -CO-OR 0-O-CO-R 0 OR-O-CO-OR 0 Replace, where R 0 It represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0345] Particularly preferred substituents L include, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and also phenyl.

[0346] A 1 and A 2 Highly preferred expression Where L has one of the above meanings and r represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular

[0347] for

[0348] The polymerizable group P is a group suitable for polymerization reactions (e.g., free radical or ionic chain polymerization, addition polymerization, or condensation polymerization), or a group suitable for polymer-analogous reactions (e.g., addition or condensation on the polymer backbone). Groups suitable for chain polymerization are particularly preferred, especially those containing C=C double bonds or -C≡C- triple bonds, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as oxobutyl or epoxy groups.

[0349] The preferred group P is selected from the group consisting of: CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-、CH2=CW 1 -CO-、 CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -、CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -、CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -、HS-CW 2 W 3 -、HW 2 N-, HO-CW 2 W 3-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 - CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si-, where W 1 It represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl, or alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, especially H, F, Cl, or CH3, W 2 and W 3 Each independently represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly H, methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl, W 4 W 5 and W 6 Each independently represents Cl, an oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and W. 7 and W 8 Each of the above independently represents H, Cl or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally substituted by one or more groups L different from P-SP- as defined above, k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0350] The preferred group P is selected from the group consisting of: CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-、CH2=CW 1 -CO-、 CH2=CW 2 -O-、CH2=CW 2 -、CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -、CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 - CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2- Phe-CH=CH- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si-, where W 1 It represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl, or alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, especially H, F, Cl, or CH3, W 2 and W 3 Each independently represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly H, methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl, W 4 W 5 and W 6 Each independently represents Cl, an oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and W. 7 and W 8 Each of them independently represents H, Cl or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents 1,4-phenylene, k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0351] The preferred group P is selected from the group consisting of: CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, especially CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, as well as CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-,

[0352] Other particularly preferred polymerizable groups P are selected from ethylene oxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxobutyl, and epoxy groups, with the most preferred groups being acrylate and methacrylate.

[0353] If the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp"-X, such that each group P-Sp- is equivalent to the formula R-Sp"-X"-, wherein

[0354] "Sp" represents a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, carbon atoms, optionally mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently substituted with -O-, -S-, -NH-, or -N(R) 0 )-、-Si(R 0 R 00 )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R 00 -CO-O-、-O-CO-N(R)0 )-、-N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 -, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C- are replaced by O and / or S atoms that are not directly connected to each other.

[0355] X" means -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R 0 )-、-N(R 0 )-CO-、-N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0 -、-CY 2 =CY 3 -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or single bonds

[0356] R 0 and R 00 Each independently represents H or an alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, and

[0357] Y 2 and Y 3 Each can be represented independently as H, F, Cl, or CN.

[0358] X" is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, or -CO-NR. 0 -、-NR 0 -CO-、-NR 0 -CO-NR 00 - or a single key.

[0359] Typical spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are, for example, -(CH2). p1 -、-(CH2) p1 -O-、-(CH2) p1 -O-CO-、-(CH2) p1 -CO-O-、-(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-、-(CH2CH2O) q1 -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR) 0 R00 -O) p1 - where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R 0 and R 00 It has the meaning mentioned above.

[0360] The particularly preferred groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are -(CH2). p1 -、-(CH2) p1 -O-、-(CH2) p1 -O-CO-、-(CH2) p1 -CO-O-、-(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, where p1 and q1 have the meanings stated above.

[0361] The particularly preferred group Sp" in each case is a straight-chain ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methylimino-ethylene, 1-methylalkylene, vinylene, propenylene, and butenylene.

[0362] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, compounds of formula P and its subforms contain spacer groups Sp substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P, such that the group Sp-P corresponds to Sp(P). s s is ≥2 (branched polymerizable groups).

[0363] The preferred P compound according to this preferred embodiment is one in which s is 2, i.e., a compound containing the group Sp(P)2. The most preferred P compound according to this preferred embodiment contains a group selected from the following formulas:

[0364] -X-alkyl-CHPP S1

[0365] -X-alkyl-CH((CH2) aa P)((CH2) bb P) S2

[0366] -XN((CH2) aa P)((CH2) bb P) S3

[0367] -X-alkyl-CHP-CH2-CH2P S4

[0368] -X-alkyl-C(CH2P)(CH2P)-C aa H 2aa+1 S5

[0369] -X-alkyl-CHP-CH2P S6

[0370] -X-alkyl-CPP-C aa H 2aa+1 S7

[0371] -X-alkyl-CHPCHP-C aa H 2aa+1 S8

[0372] Where P is defined as in equation P.

[0373] Alkyl refers to a straight-chain or branched alkylene group with a single bond or 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with F, Cl or CN, and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently bonded to each other in such a manner that the O atom and / or S atom are not directly connected to each other via -C(R) 0 )=C(R 0 )-、-C≡C-、-N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- substitution, where R 0 It has the meaning indicated above.

[0374] aa and bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0375] X has one of the meanings indicated by X", and is preferably O, CO, SO2, O-CO-, CO-O or a single bond.

[0376] The preferred spacer group Sp(P)2 is selected from formulas S1, S2 and S3.

[0377] The highly preferred spacer group Sp(P)2 is selected from the following formulas:

[0378] -CHPP S1a

[0379] -O-CHPP S1b

[0380] -CH2-CHPP S1c

[0381] -OCH2-CHPP S1d

[0382] -CH(CH2-P)(CH2-P) S2a

[0383] -OCH(CH2-P)(CH2-P) S2b

[0384] -CH2-CH(CH2-P)(CH2-P) S2c

[0385] -OCH2-CH(CH2-P)(CH2-P) S2d

[0386] -CO-NH((CH2)2P)((CH2)2P)S3a

[0387] In compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of: vinyloxy groups, acrylates, methacrylates, fluoroacrylates, chloroacrylates, oxetanes and epoxides, and most preferably selected from acrylates and methacrylates.

[0388] More preferably, compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, wherein all polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning and very preferably represent acrylates or methacrylates, most preferably methacrylates.

[0389] In compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, R preferably represents P-Sp-.

[0390] More preferably, compounds of formula P and its derivatives as described above and below, wherein Sp represents a single bond or -(CH2). p1 -、-O-(CH2) p1 -、-O-CO-(CH2) p1 Or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and if Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -、-O-CO-(CH2) p1 Or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Then, the O-atom or CO-group is attached to the benzene ring, respectively.

[0391] More preferably, compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, wherein at least one Sp group is a single bond.

[0392] More preferably, compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, wherein at least one Sp group is different from a single bond and is preferably selected from -(CH2). p1 -、-O-(CH2) p1 -、-O-CO-(CH2) p1 Or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and if Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -、-O-CO-(CH2) p1 Or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Then, the O-atom or CO-group is attached to the benzene ring, respectively.

[0393] The highly preferred group -A in formula P 1 -(ZA 2 ) z -Selected from the following formula

[0394]

[0395]

[0396] At least one benzene ring is substituted with at least one L group and the benzene ring is optionally further substituted with one or more L or P-Sp groups.

[0397] Preferred formula P and its sub-formula compounds are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof:

[0398] - All the P groups in this compound have the same meaning.

[0399] --A 1 -(ZA 2 ) z -Selected from formulas A1, A2, and A5,

[0400] - This compound happens to contain two polymerizable groups (represented by the group P).

[0401] - This compound contains exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by the group P).

[0402] -P is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, and oxetanes, with acrylates or methacrylates being particularly preferred.

[0403] -P stands for methacrylate.

[0404] - All Sp groups are single bonds.

[0405] - At least one of the Sp groups is a single bond and at least one of the Sp groups is different from a single bond.

[0406] -Sp is -(CH2) when it is different from a single bond. p2 -、-(CH2) p2 -O-、-(CH2) p2 -CO-O-、-(CH2) p2 -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO- group is attached to the benzene ring.

[0407] -Sp represents a single bond or -(CH2). p2 -、-(CH2) p2 -O-、-(CH2) p2 -CO-O-、-(CH2)p2 -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO- group is attached to the benzene ring.

[0408] -R indicates P-Sp-,

[0409] -R does not indicate or contains a polymerizable group.

[0410] -R does not represent or contains a polymerizable group and represents a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by F, Cl, or L. a Replacement

[0411] -L or L' indicates F, Cl, or CN.

[0412] -L is F.

[0413] Suitable and preferred compounds of formula P are selected from the following formula:

[0414]

[0415]

[0416]

[0417]

[0418] Each group has the following meaning:

[0419] P 1 P 2 and P 3 Each can be represented independently as an acrylate group or a methacrylate group.

[0420] Sp 1 Sp 2 and Sp 3 Each of these groups independently represents a single bond or a spacer group (having one of the meanings described in the context for Sp), and is particularly preferred to represent -(CH2). p1 -、-(CH2) p1 -O-、-(CH2) p1 -CO-O-、-(CH2) p1 -O-CO- or -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, and furthermore, the group P 1 -Sp 1-、P 2 -Sp 2 -and P 3 -Sp 3 One or more of - can represent R aa The condition is the presence of the group P. 1 -Sp 1 -、P 2 -Sp 2 -and P 3 -Sp 3 - at least one of them is different from R aa ,

[0421] R aa Represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more other non-adjacent CH2 groups may also be independently separated by C(R) 0 )=C(R 00 )-、-C≡C-、-N(R 0 -, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- can be substituted in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and one or more of the other H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P. 1 -Sp 1 - Alternatively preferred are straight-chain or branched, optionally mono- or polyfluoroalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein the alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least two carbon atoms and the branched groups have at least three carbon atoms.

[0422] R 0 R 00 Each of these terms independently, and each instance may be identical or different, representing H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0423] R y and R z Each can be independently represented as H, F, CH3, or CF3.

[0424] X 1 X 2 and X 3 Each can independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or a single bond.

[0425] Z 1 Represents -O-, -CO-, -C(R) y R z - or -CF2CF2-,

[0426] Z 2 and Z3 Each can be independently represented as -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, or -(CH2). n - where n is 2, 3, or 4.

[0427] L, each time appearing, may represent F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain or branched, optionally mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms, preferably F.

[0428] L' and L” each independently represent H, F, or Cl.

[0429] k represents 0 or 1,

[0430] r represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0431] s represents 0, 1, 2, or 3.

[0432] t represents 0, 1, or 2.

[0433] x represents 0 or 1.

[0434] Compounds of formulas P2, P13, P17, P22, P23, P24, P30, P31 and P32 are particularly preferred.

[0435] More preferably are trireactive compounds P15 to P30, especially P17, P18, P19, P22, P23, P24, P25, P26, P30, P31 and P32.

[0436] In compounds from P1 to P32, the group

[0437] Preferred

[0438] Wherein L has the same or different meanings given above or below each time it appears, and is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF3, especially F or CH3.

[0439] In one embodiment, a liquid crystal medium is provided, wherein one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P are polymerized.

[0440] Compound of formula P is optionally added to the medium at a concentration preferably from 0.01% to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2% to 2% by weight, based on the mixture. These mixtures may also optionally contain an initiator, such as that described, for example, in US 6,781,665. Preferably, an initiator (e.g., Irganox-1076 from BASF) is added to the mixture containing the polymerizable compound in an amount of 0 to 1% by weight. This type of mixture can be used in so-called polymer-stabilized VA mode (PS-VA) or PSA (polymer-maintained VA), where reactive mesocrystalline polymerization is intended to occur in the liquid crystal mixture after filling the display panel. This is predicated on the liquid crystal compound of the so-called LC host not reacting under reactive mesocrystalline polymerization conditions (i.e., typically when exposed to UV in the wavelength range of 320 to 360 nm). Liquid crystal compounds containing alkenyl side chains (such as, for example, CC-3-V) do not exhibit reaction under polymerization conditions for RM (UV polymerization), and therefore, such compounds should not be considered RM herein.

[0441] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more chiral compounds, particularly one or more chiral dopants.

[0442] Preferably, the absolute value of the helical twist force (HTP) of these chiral dopants is within 1 μm. -1 Up to 150μm -1 Within the range, preferably within 10 μm -1 Up to 100μm -1 Within the range. In the case of a medium containing two or more chiral dopants, these may have opposite signs for their HTP values. For some specific embodiments, this condition is preferred because it allows for some compensation of the chirality of the corresponding compounds, and thus can be used to compensate for various temperature-dependent properties of the resulting medium in the apparatus. However, generally, it is preferred that most, preferably all, chiral compounds present in the medium have the same sign for their HTP values.

[0443] Preferably, the chiral dopants present in the medium are mesocrystalline compounds, and most preferably they themselves exhibit a mesocrystalline phase.

[0444] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises two or more chiral compounds that all have the same algebraic symbol for HTP.

[0445] The temperature dependence of HTP for each compound can, in principle, be high or low. The temperature dependence of the pitch of the medium can be compensated by mixing compounds with different HTP temperatures in appropriate ratios.

[0446] A variety of chiral dopants are available to those skilled in the art, some of which are commercially available, such as cholesterol nonanoate, R- and S-811, R- and S-1011, R- and S-2011, R- and S-3011, R- and S-4011, R- and S-5011, or CB15 (all from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt).

[0447] Particularly suitable chiral dopants are compounds containing one or more chiral groups and one or more mesomorphic groups, or one or more aromatic or alicyclic groups that form mesomorphic groups with the chiral groups.

[0448] Suitable chiral groups are, for example, chiral branched hydrocarbon groups, chiral ethylene glycol, binaphthol, or dioxolane, and are also selected from mono- or polyvalent chiral groups such as sugar derivatives, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, lactic acids, chiral substituted diols, steroid derivatives, terpene derivatives, amino acids, or sequences of several (preferably 1 to 5) amino acids.

[0449] Preferred chiral groups are sugar derivatives, such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, and dextrose; sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, mannitol, idoteol, galactitol, or their dehydrated derivatives, particularly disohydrated hexotols, such as disohydrated sorbitol (1,4:3,6-disohydrated-D-sorbitol, isosorbitol), disohydrated mannitol (isosorbitol), or disohydrated idoteol (isoidoteol); sugar acids, such as gluconic acid, gulonic acid, and ketogulonic acid; chiral substituted glycol groups, such as mono- or oligomeric polyethylene glycol or propylene glycol, wherein one or more CH2 groups are substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups; and amino acids, such as alanine, valine, and phenylglycerol. A sequence of amino acids or phenylalanine or 1 to 5 of these amino acids; a steroid derivative, such as a cholesterol group or a bile acid group; a terpene derivative, such as menthol, neomenthol, campheyl, pineneyl, terpineyl, isolongifolyl, flavone, carreyl, myrthenyl, nopyl, geraniyl, linaloyl, neryl, citronellyl, or dihydrocitronellyl.

[0450] Suitable chiral groups and mesocrystalline chiral compounds are described, for example, in DE 34 25 503, DE 35 34 777, DE 35 34 778, DE 35 34 779 and DE 35 34 780, DE 43 42 280, EP 01 038 941 and DE 195 41820. Examples also include compounds listed in Table E below.

[0451] Further preferred chiral compounds are selected from those shown below.

[0452] Chiral dopants selected from compounds of the following formulas Al to A-III and A-Ch are particularly preferred:

[0453]

[0454]

[0455] in

[0456] R a11 R a12 and R b12 Each of the above can independently represent an alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms, wherein, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can each be independently represented by -C(R) z )=C(R z -, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- are substituted in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms may be substituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, preferably alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl, provided that R a12 With R b12 different

[0457] R a21 and R a22 Each of the above can independently represent an alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms, wherein, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can each be independently represented by -C(R) z )=C(R z -, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- are substituted in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, preferably both being alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl.

[0458] R a31 R a32 and R b32Each of the above can independently represent an alkyl group having a straight chain and branches of 1-15 carbon atoms, wherein, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can each be independently separated by -C(R) z )=C(R z -, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- are substituted in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms can be substituted by F, Cl, Br, I, or CN.

[0459] Alkyl groups are preferred, and n-alkyl groups are more preferred, provided that R a32 With R b32 different,

[0460] R z It can be represented by H, CH3, F, Cl, or CN, with H or F being preferred.

[0461] R 8 With the R given above a11 One meaning is that alkyl is preferred, and more preferably a n-alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms.

[0462] Z 8 It represents -C(O)O-, -CH2O-, -CF2O- or a single bond, preferably -C(O)O-.

[0463] A 11 As shown in text A 12 Defined, or alternatively represented

[0464]

[0465] A 12 express

[0466]

[0467] Preferred

[0468]

[0469] in

[0470] L 12 Each occurrence independently represents a halogen, CN, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or alkenyloxy group having up to 12 carbon atoms, and one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by a halogen, preferably methyl, ethyl, Cl, or F, with F being particularly preferred.

[0471] A 21 express

[0472]

[0473] A 22 With targeting A 12 The meaning given

[0474] A 31 With targeting A 11 The given meaning, or alternative representation

[0475]

[0476] A 32 With targeting A 12 The meaning given.

[0477] n2 is either 0, 1, or 2 each time it appears.

[0478] n3 is 1, 2, or 3, and

[0479] r can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0480] Chiral dopants, particularly those composed of compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulas, are preferred:

[0481]

[0482]

[0483] in

[0484] m appears repeatedly, either as the integers 1 through 9, or as distinct integers.

[0485] n is an integer from 2 to 9, occurring in each instance, either identically or differently. Further preferred chiral dopants are derivatives of isosorbide, isomannitol, or isoadurel of formulas A-IV below:

[0486]

[0487] Among them, groups yes

[0488] (desaturated sorbitol),

[0489] (Disacidified mannitol), or

[0490] (disohydrated idutol),

[0491] The preferred option is dehydrosorbitol.

[0492] And chiral ethylene glycols, such as diphenylethylene glycol (hydrogenated benzoin), especially mesocrystalline hydrogenated benzoin derivatives of the following formula AV:

[0493]

[0494] Including (S,S) enantiomers not shown,

[0495] in

[0496]

[0497] and

[0498] Each is independently 1,4-phenylene (which may also be L-mono-, di-, or tri-substituted) or 1,4-cyclohexylene.

[0499] L is H, F, Cl, CN, or an alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, or alkoxy carbonyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, optionally halogenated.

[0500] c is 0 or 1.

[0501] X is CH2 or -C(O)-.

[0502] Z 0 For -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2- or single bonds, and

[0503] R 0 It is an alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl or alkyl carbonyloxy group having 1-12 carbon atoms.

[0504] Examples of compounds of formula A-IV are as follows:

[0505]

[0506]

[0507] Compounds of formulas A-IV are described in WO 98 / 00428. Compounds of formula AV are described in GB-A-2,328,207.

[0508] Very particularly preferred chiral dopants are chiral binaphthyl derivatives as described in WO 02 / 94805, chiral binaphthol acetal derivatives as described in WO 02 / 34739, chiral TADDOL derivatives as described in WO 02 / 06265, and chiral dopants having at least one fluorinated bridging group and a terminal or central chiral group as described in WO 02 / 06196 and WO 02 / 06195.

[0509] Chiral compounds of formula A-VI are particularly preferred.

[0510]

[0511] in

[0512] X 1 X 2 Y 1 and Y 2 Each of the following is an independent straight-chain or branched alkyl group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, having 1-25 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -O-, -S-, -NH-, NR-. x -, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C- are substituted in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other, polymerizable groups or cycloalkyl or aryl groups having up to 20 C atoms, which may optionally be halogenated, preferably F, or mono- or poly-substituted with polymerizable groups.

[0513] x 1 and x 2 Each is independently 0, 1, or 2.

[0514] y 1 and y 2 Each is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0515] B 1 and B 2 Each is an aromatic or partially or fully saturated aliphatic six-membered ring, wherein one or more CH groups can be substituted with N and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can be substituted with O or S.

[0516] W 1 and W 2 Each is independent of the others as -Z 1 -A 1 -(Z 2 -A 2 ) m -R, and one of the two alternatively, R. 1 Or A 3 However, the two cannot both be H, or

[0517] for

[0518] or

[0519]

[0520] U 1 and U 2 Each can be independently represented as CH2, O, S, CO, or CS.

[0521] V 1 and V 2 Each is independent of the other (CH2). n One to four non-adjacent CH2 groups can each be replaced by O or S, and V 1 and V 2 One of them

[0522] for

[0523] Both are single bonds.

[0524] n is 1, 2, or 3

[0525] Z 1 and Z 2 Each is independently of the others: -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR x -,-NR x The following groups are combinations of two of the following: -CO-, -O-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -S-CH2-, -CH2-S-, -CF2-O-, -O-CF2-, -CF2-S-, -S-CF2-, -CH2-CH2-, -CF2-CH2-, -CH2-CF2-, -CF2-CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, where no two O and / or S and / or N atoms are directly bonded to each other, preferably -CH=CH-COO- or -COO-CH=CH- or a single bond.

[0526] R x Indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0527] A 1 A 2 and A 3 Each is independently 1,4-phenylene, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH groups may be substituted with N; 1,4-cyclohexylene, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with O or S; 1,3-dioxolane-4,5-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexenyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthyl-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthyl-2,6-diyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl-2,6-diyl, wherein each of these groups may be mono- or poly-substituted with L, and additionally A 1 It can be a single key.

[0528] L is a halogen atom, preferably F, CN, or NO2, and is an alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 1-7 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl.

[0529] m is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3 in each case, and

[0530] R and R 1 Each of the following is an independent straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 or 3 to 25 carbon atoms: H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, which may optionally be mono- or poly-substituted by F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be respectively substituted by -O-, -S-, -NH-, or -NR. 0 -, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- substitutions, wherein there are no two O and / or S atoms directly bonded to each other; or polymerizable groups.

[0531] Especially preferred are chiral binaphthyl derivatives of formula A-VI-1.

[0532]

[0533] Among them, rings B and R 0 and Z 0 As defined for equations A-IV and AV, and b is 0, 1, or 2.

[0534] In particular, those selected from formulas A-VI-1a to A-VI-1c:

[0535]

[0536] Among them, rings B and R 0 'and Z 0 As defined for formula A-VI-1, and

[0537] R 0 As defined in formulas A-IV, or H or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and

[0538] b is 0, 1, or 2.

[0539] and Z 0 Specifically for -OC(O)- or single bonds.

[0540] The concentration of one or more chiral dopants optionally contained in the LC medium is preferably 0.001 wt% to 20 wt%, more preferably 0.05 wt% to 5 wt%, more preferably 0.1 wt% to 2 wt%, and most preferably 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%. These preferred concentration ranges are particularly suitable for chiral dopants S-4011 or R-4011 (both from Merck KGaA) and chiral dopants with the same or similar HTP. For chiral dopants with higher or lower absolute HTP values ​​compared to S-4011, these preferred concentrations must be proportionally reduced or increased according to their HTP values ​​relative to S-4011.

[0541] The pitch p of the LC medium is preferably 5μm-50μm, more preferably 8μm-30μm and particularly preferably 10μm-20μm.

[0542] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more stabilizers, preferably compounds selected from formulas ST-1 to ST-19.

[0543]

[0544]

[0545]

[0546]

[0547] in

[0548] R ST H represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of these groups may be independently converted to -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, or -CH=CH-. -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are used to replace the O atoms in a manner that prevents them from being directly bonded to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogens.

[0549] express

[0550]

[0551]

[0552] Z STEach of these can be independently represented as -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond.

[0553] L 1 and L 2 Each can be represented independently as F, Cl, CF3, or CHF2.

[0554] p represents 1 or 2, and

[0555] q represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

[0556] Among the compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-19, compounds of the following formulas are particularly preferred.

[0557]

[0558] Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n

[0559] =1 or 7

[0560]

[0561] Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n = 3

[0562]

[0563] Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n = 3

[0564]

[0565]

[0566] In compounds of formula ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably represents 3. In compounds of formula ST-2a, n preferably represents 7.

[0567] A particularly preferred mixture according to the invention comprises one or more stabilizers selected from compounds of formula ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1, and ST-12:

[0568]

[0569]

[0570] Based on the mixture, the compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-19 are preferably present in the liquid crystal mixture according to the invention in an amount of 0.005% to 0.5% by weight, respectively.

[0571] If the mixture according to the invention contains two or more compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-19, then based on the mixture, in the case of two compounds, the concentration is correspondingly increased to 0.01% to 1% by weight.

[0572] However, based on the mixtures according to the invention, the total proportion of compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-19 should not exceed 2% by weight.

[0573] Surprisingly, it has been found that the liquid crystal media currently available can advantageously contribute to achieving favorable electro-optic device performance, for example, in terms of achievable contrast and high brightness transmittance, while also exhibiting functionality, reliability and stability (again at high and low temperatures).

[0574] In this context, the definitions of the abbreviations (also known as acronyms) for preferred compounds are given in Tables A through C below.

[0575] In a further preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises

[0576] The total amount of one or more compounds of Formula I, and especially its further preferred compounds, is 10% by weight or less, more preferably 7% by weight or less, and even more preferably 4% by weight or less, preferably ranging from 0.25% by weight to 8% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, and especially 1% by weight to 3% by weight.

[0577] and / or

[0578] The compound of formula Ia-1 is preferably in an amount of 10% by weight or less, more preferably 7% by weight or less, and even more preferably 4% by weight or less, with a preferred range of 0.25% by weight to 8% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, and particularly 1% by weight to 3% by weight.

[0579] and / or

[0580] - One or more compounds selected from formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID, and particularly their further preferred compounds, preferably in total amounts of 5% by weight or higher, more preferably 12.5% ​​by weight or higher, even more preferably 25% by weight or higher, and particularly 40% by weight or higher, preferably ranging from 10% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably 20% by weight to 55% by weight, and particularly 30% by weight to 50% by weight.

[0581] and / or

[0582] - One or more compounds of formula IIA and / or IIB, preferably in an amount of at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, and even more preferably at least 40% by weight.

[0583] and / or

[0584] - One or more compounds of Formula III, and particularly its further preferred compounds, preferably in a total amount of 20% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less and even more preferably 10% by weight or less, preferably ranging from 2.5% by weight to 15% by weight, more preferably 5% by weight to 10% by weight and particularly 6% by weight to 9% by weight,

[0585] and / or

[0586] - One or more compounds of formula IV, preferably in a total amount of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight, and particularly at least 35% by weight.

[0587] and / or

[0588] - One or more compounds of formula IV-3-1 to IV-3-5, preferably in a total amount of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight, and particularly at least 35% by weight.

[0589] and / or

[0590] - One or more compounds selected from formula IV-3-1, IV-3-3 and IV-3-4, preferably compounds of formula IV-3-1 and / or compounds of formula IV-3-3, preferably in a total amount of at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 20% by weight and even more preferably at least 30% by weight.

[0591] and / or

[0592] - One or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3, preferably in an amount of at least 3% by weight, particularly ≥5% by weight.

[0593] and / or

[0594] The compound of formula IVb-2-3 is preferably present in an amount of at least 3% by weight, particularly at least 5% by weight.

[0595] and / or

[0596] - Compound CLP-V-1, in amounts ranging from 0.25 wt% to 8 wt%, and compound PP-1-2V1, in amounts ranging from 3 wt% to 8 wt%.

[0597] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an electro-optic display having active matrix addressing, wherein the dielectric material contains a liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, and wherein preferably the display is a VA, SA-VA, IPS, U-IPS, FFS, UB-FFS, SA-FFS, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, polymer-stabilized SA-VA, or polymer-stabilized SA-FFS display.

[0598] For liquid crystal media, it is advantageous to have a nematic phase with a temperature of ≤-20°C to ≥70°C, particularly preferably ≤-30°C to ≥80°C, and very particularly preferably ≤-40°C to ≥90°C.

[0599] The medium according to the invention preferably has a clearing temperature of 70°C or higher, more preferably 77°C or higher.

[0600] The phrase "possessing a nematic phase" here means, on the one hand, that no smectic phase or crystallization was observed at the corresponding temperature at low temperatures, and on the other hand, that the nematic phase did not become clear upon heating. Low-temperature studies were conducted in a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and verified by storage for at least 100 hours in a test chamber with a layer thickness corresponding to the electro-optic application. If the storage stability in the corresponding test chamber at -20°C is 1000 hours or more, the medium is said to be stable at that temperature. The response times were 500 hours and 250 hours at -30°C and -40°C, respectively. At high temperatures, the clearing point was measured in a capillary using conventional methods.

[0601] The liquid crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60K and a maximum thickness of 30mm at 20°C. 2 ·s -1 Flow viscosity ν 20 .

[0602] The mixture is preferably nematic at -20°C or lower, more preferably -30°C or lower, and very preferably -40°C or lower.

[0603] The rotational viscosity γ1 of the medium at 20°C is preferably ≤120 mPa·s, more particularly preferably ≤100 mPa·s, and especially ≤95 mPa·s.

[0604] The liquid crystal media according to the invention preferably have relatively low threshold voltage (V0) values. They are preferably in the range of 1.7-3.0V, particularly preferably ≤2.7V and very particularly preferably ≤2.5V.

[0605] For the purposes of this invention, the term “threshold voltage” refers to the capacitive threshold (V0), also known as the Freedericks threshold, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0606] Furthermore, the liquid crystal medium according to the invention preferably and advantageously has a high voltage retention rate in the liquid crystal cell.

[0607] All temperature values ​​described in this invention are expressed in °C.

[0608] The mixtures according to the invention are suitable for VA-TFT applications, such as, for example, VAN, MVA, (S)-PVA, ASV, PSA (polymer-maintained VA), and PS-VA (polymer-stabilized VA). They are also suitable for IPS (in-plane switching) and FFS (edge-field switching) applications using media with negative Δε.

[0609] In one embodiment, the mixture may optionally also contain one or more compounds with a dielectric anisotropy of Δε ≥ +1.5. These so-called positive compounds are typically present in the negative dielectric anisotropy mixture in an amount of ≤20% by weight, based on the entire mixture.

[0610] In addition to one or more compounds of formula I, the medium preferably contains 4 to 15, especially 5 to 12, and particularly preferably <10 compounds of formula IIA, IIB and / or IIC, and optionally one or more compounds of formula IV-3.

[0611] Compounds according to the invention can be synthesized by or similar methods described in the literature (e.g., in standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methodden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), under reaction conditions known and suitable for the reactions described herein. Variations known per se may also be used, but will not be mentioned further herein. Detailed Implementation

[0612] The following examples illustrate the invention but do not limit it. However, they demonstrate to those skilled in the art the preferred mixture concept, the preferred compounds used and their respective concentrations, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, the examples clarify which properties and combinations of properties are available.

[0613] For the purposes of this invention and in the following embodiments, the structures of the liquid crystal compounds are represented by abbreviations, and the conversion to chemical formulas is carried out according to Tables A to C below. All groups CnH2n+1, CmH2m+1, and C... l H 2l+1 Or CnH2n, CmH2m and C l H 2lThe groups are straight-chain alkyl or alkylene groups, each having n, m, and l C atoms in various cases. Preferably, n, m, and l are independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements of the compound core, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the symbol meanings of the left-hand and right-hand end groups of the molecule. Abbreviations consist of the code for the ring element with an optional connecting group, followed by a first hyphen and the code for the left-hand end group, and a second hyphen and the code for the right-hand end group. Table D shows exemplary structures of the compounds and their respective abbreviations.

[0614] Table A: Ring Elements

[0615]

[0616]

[0617]

[0618]

[0619] Table B: Bridging Units

[0620]

[0621] Table C: End groups

[0622]

[0623]

[0624]

[0625] Where n and m are integers, and the three dots "..." are placeholders for other abbreviations from the table.

[0626] In addition to one or more compounds of formula I, and optionally one or more compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, the mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise one or more of the following compounds.

[0627] Use the following abbreviations:

[0628] n, m, k, and l are each independent integers, preferably 1 to 9, more preferably 1 to 7. k and l can also be 0 and are preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, and most preferably 2. n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In the combination "-nO-", n is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 or 4. m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In the combination "-Om", m is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-lVm" is preferably "2V1".

[0629] Table D

[0630]

[0631] DLGU-n-F

[0632]

[0633] DLGU-n-OT

[0634]

[0635] DLGU-n-OT

[0636]

[0637] CK-n-F

[0638]

[0639] B-n-m

[0640]

[0641] B-n-lV

[0642]

[0643] B-Vn-lV

[0644]

[0645] B-n-Om

[0646]

[0647] B-n-OlV

[0648]

[0649] B-nO-Om

[0650]

[0651] CB-n-Om

[0652]

[0653] PB-n-Om

[0654]

[0655] GB-n-Om

[0656]

[0657] B(S)-nO-Om

[0658]

[0659] CC-n-m

[0660]

[0661] CC-n-Om

[0662]

[0663] CC-n-V

[0664]

[0665] CC-n-Vm

[0666]

[0667] CC-n-lV

[0668]

[0669] CC-n-lVm

[0670]

[0671] CC-V-V

[0672]

[0673] CC-V-lV

[0674]

[0675] CC-V-Vm

[0676]

[0677] CC-Vk-lV

[0678]

[0679] CC-nV-lV

[0680]

[0681] CC-nV-Vm

[0682]

[0683] CC-n-VV

[0684]

[0685] CC-n-VVm

[0686]

[0687] CVC-nV

[0688]

[0689] CVC-n-Vm

[0690]

[0691] CP-nm

[0692]

[0693] CP-n-Om

[0694]

[0695] PP-nm

[0696]

[0697] PP-n-Om

[0698]

[0699] CCP-nm

[0700]

[0701] CCP-n-Om

[0702]

[0703] CCP-Vm

[0704]

[0705] CCP-nV-m

[0706]

[0707] CCP-Vl-m

[0708]

[0709] CCP-nVl-m

[0710]

[0711] CCOC-nm

[0712]

[0713] CCVC-n-m

[0714]

[0715] CCVC-n-V

[0716]

[0717] CCVC-n-lV

[0718]

[0719] CLP-n-m

[0720]

[0721] CLP-V-n

[0722]

[0723] CPP-n-m

[0724]

[0725] CPG-n-m

[0726]

[0727] CGP-n-m

[0728]

[0729] PGP-n-m

[0730]

[0731] PGP-n-lV

[0732]

[0733] PGP-n-lVm

[0734]

[0735] CCZPC-n-m

[0736]

[0737] CPPC-n-m

[0738]

[0739] CGPC-n-m

[0740]

[0741] CPGP-n-m

[0742]

[0743] CY-V-n

[0744]

[0745] CY-V-On

[0746]

[0747] CY-nV-m

[0748]

[0749] CY-nV-Om

[0750]

[0751] CY-Vl-m

[0752]

[0753] CY-Vl-Om

[0754]

[0755] CY-nVl-m

[0756]

[0757] CY-nVl-Om

[0758]

[0759] PY-V-n

[0760]

[0761] PY-V-On

[0762]

[0763] PY-nV-m

[0764]

[0765] PY-nV-Om

[0766]

[0767] PY-Vl-m

[0768]

[0769] PY-Vl-Om

[0770]

[0771] PY-nVl-m

[0772]

[0773] PY-nVl-OM

[0774]

[0775] CCY-Vn

[0776]

[0777] CCY-V-On

[0778]

[0779] CCY-nV-m

[0780]

[0781] CCY-nV-Ohm

[0782]

[0783] CCY-Vl-m

[0784]

[0785] CCY-Vl-Om

[0786]

[0787] CCY-nVl-m

[0788]

[0789] CCY-nVl-Om

[0790]

[0791] CPY-Vn

[0792]

[0793] CPY-V-On

[0794]

[0795] CPY-nV-m

[0796]

[0797] CPY-nV-Om

[0798]

[0799] CPY-Vl-m

[0800]

[0801] CPY-Vl-Om

[0802]

[0803] CPY-nVl-k

[0804]

[0805] CPY-nVl-Om

[0806]

[0807] CY-nm

[0808]

[0809] CY-n-Om

[0810]

[0811] CVY-nm

[0812]

[0813] CVY-Vn

[0814]

[0815] WHAT-O-M

[0816]

[0817] COY-nm

[0818]

[0819] COY-n-Om

[0820]

[0821] Non

[0822]

[0823] The Om

[0824]

[0825] Y-nO-OM

[0826]

[0827] PY-nm

[0828]

[0829] PY-n-Om

[0830]

[0831] CCY-nm

[0832]

[0833] CCY-n-Om

[0834]

[0835] CCY-n-mOl

[0836]

[0837] CCZY-Om

[0838]

[0839] CCOY-nm

[0840]

[0841] CCOY-n-Om

[0842]

[0843] CPY-nm

[0844]

[0845] CPY-n-Om

[0846]

[0847] PYP-nm

[0848]

[0849] PYP-nV

[0850]

[0851] PYP-n-lV

[0852]

[0853] PYP-n-Vm

[0854]

[0855] PYP-n-lVm

[0856]

[0857] CP(F,Cl)-n-Om

[0858]

[0859] CLY-nm

[0860]

[0861] CLY-n-Om

[0862]

[0863] COB(S)-n-Om

[0864]

[0865] B(S)-(c3)nO-Om

[0866]

[0867] B(S)-(c5)nO-Om

[0868]

[0869] B(S)-(c5)nO-Om(c3)

[0870] Table E

[0871] Table E shows the chiral dopants that can be added to the LC media according to the present invention.

[0872]

[0873] R / S-1011

[0874]

[0875] R / S-2011

[0876]

[0877] R / S-4011

[0878]

[0879]

[0880]

[0881]

[0882]

[0883] Table F

[0884] Table F shows illustrative reactive mesocrystalline compounds (RM) that can be used in LC media according to the present invention.

[0885]

[0886]

[0887]

[0888]

[0889]

[0890]

[0891]

[0892]

[0893]

[0894]

[0895]

[0896]

[0897]

[0898]

[0899]

[0900]

[0901]

[0902]

[0903]

[0904]

[0905]

[0906] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention comprises one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from polymerizable compounds of formulas RM-1 to RM-155. Among these compounds, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, and RM-145 to RM-153 are particularly preferred.

[0907] In another preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention comprises one or more polymerizable compounds selected from compounds of formula RM-145 to RM-152, with compounds of formula RM-147 to RM-152 being particularly preferred.

[0908] Table G

[0909] Table G shows self-aligning additives for vertical alignment that can be optionally used together with polymerizable compounds of formula P, particularly in the LC media of SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the present invention:

[0910]

[0911]

[0912]

[0913]

[0914]

[0915]

[0916]

[0917]

[0918]

[0919]

[0920]

[0921] In a preferred embodiment, according to the LC medium of the invention, the SA-VA and SA-FFS displays contain one or more SA additives (selected from SA-1 to SA-48, preferably SA-14 to SA-48, very preferably SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44), preferably in combination with one or more RMs of formula P.

[0922] The following embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. In view of this disclosure, the embodiments, modifications, or other equivalents thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0923] However, the physical properties and composition shown below illustrate what characteristics can be achieved and to what extent they can be modified. Therefore, it is essential to fully define the preferred combinations of particularly different characteristics that can be achieved.

[0924] Working Example

[0925] Unless otherwise stated, all concentrations in this application are indicated by weight percentage and refer to the corresponding mixture (solvent-free) comprising all solid or liquid crystal components as a whole. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, all physical properties are determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and are applicable to a temperature of 20°C.

[0926] Symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings:

[0927] V0 represents the Freedericks threshold voltage at 20°C, and the capacitance [V].

[0928] V 10 For a voltage [V] with 10% transmittance,

[0929] n e Unusual refractive index measured at 20°C and 589 nm.

[0930] n o Ordinary refractive index measured at 20°C and 589 nm.

[0931] Optical anisotropy of Δn measured at 20 °C and 589 nm.

[0932] ε⊥ is the dielectric polarizability (or "dielectric constant") perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the molecule at 20℃ and 1kHz.

[0933] ε || Dielectric polarizability (or "dielectric constant") parallel to the longitudinal axis of the molecule at 20 °C and 1 kHz.

[0934] Dielectric anisotropy of Δε at 20℃ and 1kHz

[0935] cl.p. or

[0936] T(N,I) Clearing point [°C],

[0937] ν Flow viscosity measured at 20℃ [mm 2 ·s -1 ],

[0938] The rotational viscosity [mPa·s] of γ1 measured at 20℃.

[0939] K 11 Elastic constant, warpage deformation at 20℃ [pN],

[0940] K 22 Elastic constant, "torsional" deformation at 20°C [pN],

[0941] K 33 Elastic constant, bending deformation at 20°C [pN]

[0942] The low-temperature stability of the phase determined by LTS in bulk, and

[0943] VHR (Voltage Retention Rate)

[0944] Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the term "threshold voltage" in this invention refers to a capacitive threshold (V0). In embodiments, as is generally the case, the optical threshold may also be for 10% relative contrast (V0). 10 (This is what was pointed out.)

[0945] Examples and Comparative Examples

[0946] Mixture Examples and Comparative Mixture Examples

[0947] Comparison of mixture C1

[0948]

[0949]

[0950] Comparison of mixture C2

[0951]

[0952] Comparison of mixture C3

[0953]

[0954] Comparison of mixture C4

[0955]

[0956] Comparison of mixture C5

[0957]

[0958]

[0959] Mixture M1

[0960]

[0961] Mixture M2

[0962]

[0963]

[0964] Mixture M3

[0965]

[0966] Mixture M4

[0967]

[0968]

[0969] Mixture M5

[0970] Prepare the following mixture, wherein compound Ia-2 is specified and shown in the above description.

[0971]

[0972] Mixture M6

[0973]

[0974]

[0975] Mixtures M7, M8 and M9

[0976] Mixtures M7, M8, and M9 were prepared by mixing 99.70% of mixtures M1, M2, and / or M3 (as described above) with 0.30% of the following compound.

[0977]

[0978] Mixture M10

[0979] Mixture M10 was prepared by mixing 99.51% of mixture M7 and 0.49% of chiral dopant S-811, which is available from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.

[0980] Mixture M11

[0981] Mixture M11 was prepared by mixing 99.70% of mixture M8 and 0.30% of the following compound.

[0982]

[0983] Mixture M12

[0984] Mixture M12 was prepared by mixing 99.60% of mixture M9 and 0.40% of the following compound.

[0985]

[0986] The mixtures M1 to M12 with negative dielectric anisotropy are suitable for liquid crystal displays, especially IPS, FFS, UB-FFS (ultra-bright FFS) and VA displays.

[0987] VHR measurement

[0988] The VHR values ​​of mixtures C4 and C5, as well as mixtures M1, M2, and M3, were measured and compared as follows: at 60°C, in a VHR test chamber (3 μm gap thickness), using 1V and 3Hz, before and after UV exposure, for 128 s at room temperature using a metal halide lamp (600W, 200-780nm, with a 320nm cutoff filter). The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0989] Table 1 - VHR Values

[0990] VHR / %, before UV VHR / %, after UV C4 95.8 92.7 M1 95.6 93.9 M2 95.9 93.9 C5 96.2 94.2 M3 96.8 95.3

[0991] The comparison demonstrates the advantageous VHR characteristics of the liquid crystal medium according to the present invention, while also showing suitable electro-optical properties.

[0992] Surprisingly, it was found that the compound of formula I could help stabilize the effect and provide good reliability for the medium.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and comprising one or more compounds of formula I. in R 1 Represents a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups can be independently separated from each other. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are used to replace the O atoms in a manner that prevents them from being directly bonded to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogens. R 2 H represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups in these groups can be independently separated from each other. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are substituted in such a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogens. Y 1 Indicates H or CH3, The liquid crystal medium further comprises one or more compounds selected from compounds of formula III, IVb-1, IVb-2, and IVb-3. in R 11 and R 12 Each of these groups independently represents H, and is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups in these groups can be independently represented by H. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are substituted in such a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogens. A 1 Each occurrence is represented independently. a) 1,4-cyclohexeneyl or 1,4-cyclohexeneyl, wherein one or both non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- or -S-. b) 1,4-Phenylidene, wherein one or both CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) A group selected from spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fluorene-2,7-diyl. The groups described in a), b) and c) may be mono- or poly-substituted with halogen atoms. n is 1, Z 1 Each occurrence independently represents -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond. L 11 and L 12 Each of these independently represents F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, and W represents O or S. in alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

2. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC and IID. in R 2A ,R 2B ,R 2C and R 2D Each of these groups independently represents H, an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted with CN or CF3, or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, wherein one or more CH2 groups in these groups may be -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -OC-O-, or -O-CO- can be used to replace O atoms in a way that prevents them from being directly connected to each other. L 1 To L 4 Each can be represented independently as F, Cl, CF3, or CHF2. Y represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, or CH3. Z 2 Z 2B and Z 2D Each of these independently represents a single bond: -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, or -CH=CHCH2O-. p represents 0, 1, or 2. q represents 0 or 1, and v represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

3. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III. in R 11 and R 12 Each of these groups independently represents H, and is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more CH2 groups in these groups can be independently represented by H. -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- are substituted in such a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be substituted with halogens. A 1 Each occurrence is represented independently. a) 1,4-cyclohexeneyl or 1,4-cyclohexeneyl, wherein one or both non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- or -S-. b) 1,4-Phenylidene, wherein one or both CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) A group selected from spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fluorene-2,7-diyl. The groups described in a), b) and c) may be mono- or poly-substituted with halogen atoms. When n is 0, Z 1 Each occurrence independently represents -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond. L 11 and L 12 Each of these independently represents F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, and W represents O or S.

4. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV. in R 41 This indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and R 42 It indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

5. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formula.

6. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3.

7. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula V. in R 51 and R 52 Each of these terms independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, or alkenoxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. Same or different Z 51 and Z 52 Each of these can be independently represented as -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO-, or a single bond, and n is 1 or 2.

8. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises a chiral dopant.

9. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P. P-Sp-A 1 -(Z 1 -A 2 ) z -R P in P represents a polymerizable group. Sp represents a spacer group or a single bond. A 1 , and A 2 The same or different groups may represent aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic groups, and may also contain fused rings, which may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted. L represents F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp- or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1-25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- such that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly connected to each other, and one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl. Z 1 Represents -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2) n1 -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH2-CH2-, -CR 0 R 00 -or a single key, R 0 and R 00 The same or different representations of H or alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R represents H, L, or P-Sp-, z is 0, 1, 2, or 3, and n1 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

10. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 9, wherein A 1 , and A 2 The same or different refer to aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic groups having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings and are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with L.

11. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 9, wherein one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P are polymerized.

12. A liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The display of claim 12, wherein the display is a PSA display.

14. The display of claim 13, wherein the display is a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, polymer-stabilized SA-VA, or polymer-stabilized SA-FFS display.

15. The display of claim 12, wherein the display is a VA, IPS, U-IPS, FFS, UB-FFS, SA-FFS, or SA-VA display.

16. Use of the liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in an electro-optical display.

Images