Prefabricated assembled tunnel lining PC structure, assembly device and construction method

Abstract

The present application discloses a prefabricated assembled tunnel lining PC structure, an assembling device and a construction method. The prefabricated assembled tunnel lining PC structure includes side wall retaining blocks, a first arc support block, a second arc support block and a central arc top block. There are two side wall retaining blocks, and the two side wall retaining blocks are respectively arranged at the two side edges of the tunnel. There are two second arc support blocks, two first arc support blocks, and one central arc top block. The central arc top block is located at the top of the tunnel, and the two first arc support blocks are respectively located at both ends of the central arc top block. The second arc support block is located between the side wall retaining block and the first arc support block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and particularly to a prefabricated and assembled tunnel lining PC structure, an assembly device and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, most transportation, water conservancy, natural gas pipeline, and comprehensive pipeline projects use tunnels to pass through mountains. For crossing mountains or hard strata, drilling and blasting or mechanical tunneling are usually used for excavation. The shape of the excavated tunnel (also known as the raw tunnel) is similar to the shape of the final tunnel to be built (the tunnel is formed after the support structure is built inside the tunnel), but the diameter is slightly larger. To ensure the stability of the surrounding rock of the just-excavated tunnel and prevent it from deforming or collapsing, a support lining structure will be promptly constructed, that is, the tunnel rock wall will be quickly sprayed with concrete, and then anchor bolts will be driven and steel mesh will be hung on the inner wall of the tunnel. After the formwork is supported, concrete will be poured. After the concrete has a certain strength, the formwork will be removed, and then the next cycle of excavation and support lining will be carried out until the construction of the entire tunnel is completed. Because concrete is sprayed and cast in-situ, there are many processes and it is easy to leave quality hidden dangers; the cast-in-situ concrete at the tunnel crown is not easy to be compacted and the operation is relatively difficult. It takes a long time to reach a certain strength, and the overall stability of the tunnel is not conducive to before the strength is formed; the on-site operation space is small, there are multiple types of work intersecting, and the construction safety is difficult; the spraying and vibrating generate a lot of dust and noise, which is not energy-saving and environmentally friendly and is not conducive to occupational health. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a prefabricated and assembled tunnel lining PC structure, an assembly device and a construction method thereof.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A prefabricated and assembled tunnel lining PC structure includes side wall retaining blocks, a first arc support block, a second arc support block and a central arc top block. There are two side wall retaining blocks, and the two side wall retaining blocks are respectively arranged at the two side edges of the tunnel. There are two second arc support blocks, two first arc support blocks, and one central arc top block. The central arc top block is located at the top of the tunnel. The two first arc support blocks are respectively located at both ends of the central arc top block. The second arc support block is located between the side wall retaining block and the first arc support block.

[0006] It should be noted that the PC structure in this article has a fast construction speed, and the overall strength takes a short time. It is suitable for tunnels with weak overall stability of surrounding rocks, where support and reinforcement measures are urgently needed to maintain the stability of the tunnel structure. It is more suitable for hard-rock tunnels, such as tunnels excavated in rock mountains. Such tunnels have a certain support strength by themselves and are not prone to collapse. Building this PC structure in the tunnel is mainly to prevent small-particle rocks in the tunnel itself from falling, which may affect subsequent operations or traffic safety in the tunnel. Therefore, building this PC structure in the tunnel uses this structure to exert a certain blocking effect on the rocks and prevent the rocks from falling into the tunnel.

[0007] In this tunnel structure, by building this structure in the tunnel, only the side wall retaining blocks on both sides need to be cast in place with concrete on site, and the rest of the first circular arc support blocks, second circular arc support blocks, and circular arc center top blocks only need to be prefabricated in the prefabrication workshop. After the first circular arc support blocks, second circular arc support blocks, and circular arc center top blocks are cast, then the second circular arc support blocks, first circular arc support blocks, circular arc center top blocks, and side wall retaining blocks are lapped into a complete overall structure by splicing.

[0008] In this PC structure, by building side wall retaining blocks at both ends on both sides in the tunnel, the side wall retaining blocks are embedded in the rock mass. When building the side wall retaining blocks, steel bar cutting and welding operations are required, and formwork support is also required. After the formwork support is completed, concrete is poured, and after the concrete pouring is completed, the construction of the side wall retaining blocks is completed.

[0009] In summary, prefabricated parts are used for assembly and construction in this structure, which greatly reduces the amount of welding, formwork support, and in-situ casting operations in the tunnel, and the whole process is more convenient and fast.

[0010] Optionally, the central circular arc top block is tightly fitted with the first circular arc support block, the second circular arc support block is tightly fitted with the first circular arc support block, and the second circular arc support block is plugged and fitted with the side wall retaining block.

[0011] Optionally, the two first circular arc support blocks have the same shape and size, the two second circular arc support blocks have the same shape and size, both the first circular arc support block and the second circular arc support block are provided with engaging ports that can engage with each other, the central circular arc top block and the first circular arc support block are provided with engaging ports that can engage with each other, the side wall retaining block is provided with protrusions, and the second circular arc support block is provided with recesses that match the protrusions.

[0012] The cooperation between the protrusion and the recess can ensure good stability between the side wall block and the second arc support block. At the same time, the first arc support block, the second arc support block and the center arc top block are cooperated with each other through mutually engaging engagement openings, which improves the convenience of assembly.

[0013] An assembly device is used to assemble the prefabricated assembled tunnel lining PC structure as described above, including a moving seat, a moving pull rod, a lifting platform, a supporting seat, a back plate and a lifting airbag, the lifting airbag is arranged on the moving seat, the moving seat is provided with a guide hole, the moving pull rod is slidably matched with the guide hole, the supporting seat is fixed to one end of the moving pull rod, the moving seat and the supporting seat are both provided with wheels, the lifting platform is arranged on the supporting seat, and the back plate is arranged on the lifting platform.

[0014] The assembly device in the present invention is used to assemble the above-mentioned structure, and the method of use is as follows: first, two first arc support blocks and two second arc support blocks are placed on the airbag, and the engaging openings of the first arc support block and the second arc support block are in a state where they can overlap with each other; then, the central arc top block is placed on one end of the lifting platform, and the back plate is made to rest against the central arc top block; then, a vehicle is used to drag the moving seat and the supporting seat (the moving seat and the supporting seat are both located between the two side wall baffle blocks, and at this time, the moving seat and the supporting seat are in a stationary state) into the tunnel; when the first arc support block and the second arc support block on the moving seat move to the predetermined position, the lifting airbag begins to inflate, and the lifting airbag begins to lift the first arc support block and the second arc support block. When the airbag is lifted to the position where the two second arc support blocks are matched with the side wall block blocks on both sides, the two first arc support blocks are matched with the second arc support blocks on both sides, and then there is a gap between the two first arc support blocks. At this time, the moving seat is kept stationary, and then the supporting seat is moved. Due to the existence of the moving pull rod, the moving pull rod can guide the movement of the supporting seat, so that the supporting seat will not deviate in the process of approaching the moving seat. The supporting seat moves toward the moving seat, and when the central arc top block on the lifting platform is stuck between the two first arc support blocks, the airbag begins to deflate, and under the action of its own gravity, the arc center top block, the first arc support block, the second arc support block and the side wall block are completely stuck together.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes a hydraulic telescopic rod, which is arranged on the backing plate and is perpendicular to the backing plate.

[0016] The function of the hydraulic telescopic rod is to assist in pushing. The thrust generated by the extension of the hydraulic telescopic rod can be used to push the central arc top block on the lifting platform between the two first arc support blocks, so that the central arc top block is stuck between the two first arc support blocks.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes a supporting plate, which is arranged on the lifting platform and is perpendicular to the backing plate.

[0018] Because the lifting platform is a hydraulic lifting platform, the bottom and top of the hydraulic lifting platform are two flat plates. In order to ensure that the lifting platform can stably support the central arc top block, a supporting plate is further provided. One side of the supporting plate is a flat surface, and the flat end of the supporting plate is used to fit tightly with the lifting platform. The other side of the supporting plate is an arc surface, and the arc surface end of the supporting plate is used to support the arc center top block. The supporting plate and the lifting platform are fixed together by screws or bolts, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly according to use needs.

[0019] Optionally, a limit pin hole is provided on the movable pull rod, and there are two limit pin holes, and the limit pin holes are used to insert a limit pin.

[0020] The function of the limit pin is to limit the moving rod and the moving seat. The distance between the two limit pin holes is equivalent to the length of the moving seat. When the two limit pin holes are located on both sides of the moving seat, only two limit pins are needed to be clamped in the limit pin holes. At this time, the moving rod is clamped and fixed on the moving seat. At this time, the moving seat and the supporting seat can move simultaneously.

[0021] A construction method suitable for constructing the prefabricated assembled tunnel lining PC structure as described above comprises the following steps:

[0022] Prefabricated component preparation steps: using reinforced concrete pouring to manufacture a first arc support block, a second arc support block and a center arc top block;

[0023] Steps for side wall construction: build a mold at the edge of the tunnel, and use the on-site casting method to cast the side wall retaining blocks in the tunnel using reinforced concrete;

[0024] Construction steps: fix the first arc support block and the second arc support block in the tunnel, so that the second arc support block is engaged with the side wall block, and the first arc support block is engaged with the second arc support block, and in this process, a flexible support member (i.e., a lifting airbag) is used to support the first arc support block and the second arc support block;

[0025] Forming steps: clamp the central arc top block between the two first arc support blocks, and then remove the flexible support member (i.e., the lifting airbag), and the central arc top block, the first arc support block and the second arc support block are clamped together by their own gravity.

[0026] It should be noted that this construction method requires the use of the above-mentioned assembly device.

[0027] Optionally, there are gaps between the central arc top block, the first arc support block, and the second arc support block and the tunnel wall. After the central arc top block, the first arc support block, and the second arc support block are erected, waterproof mortar is sprayed into the gaps. After the waterproof mortar is sprayed, cement slurry is poured. After the cement slurry solidifies, several concrete filling layers are formed, and there are gaps between the concrete filling layers.

[0028] On the side of the central arc top block, the first arc support block, and the second arc support block close to the tunnel, waterproof mortar is first sprayed. The waterproof mortar can play a good waterproof role. Then, the voids are grouted. Since the grouting space is not completely enclosed and cannot withstand too high grouting pressure, and the grouting is carried out in batches, the entire concrete filling layer is not formed at one time. Therefore, there are many gaps in the entire concrete filling layer. The gaps are good water flow channels. When water seeps out from the rocks in the tunnel, the water can flow away smoothly through the gaps in the concrete filling layer. Such a design can avoid the phenomenon of water accumulation at the top of the tunnel.

[0029] Optionally, a water diversion groove is provided on the side wall retaining block.

[0030] The water diversion groove is provided to collect the water collected from the concrete filling layer and then drain it away through the water diversion groove.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Prefabricated components are used for assembly and erection in the whole structure, greatly reducing the amount of welding, formwork support, and in-situ concrete pouring operations in the tunnel. The whole process is more convenient and fast; and the whole construction process is safer, the operation method is more energy-saving, which is beneficial to the occupational health of the operators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first step of erecting a precast assembled tunnel lining PC structure;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second step of erecting a precast assembled tunnel lining PC structure;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the third step of erecting a precast assembled tunnel lining PC structure;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the fourth step of erecting a precast assembled tunnel lining PC structure;

[0036] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in

[0037] Figure 6 is Figure 4 an enlarged schematic diagram of part B in

[0038] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly device;

[0039] Figure 8 is a high-speed railway tunnel passing through a mountain;

[0040] In the figure, each reference numeral is as follows: 1, the first arc support block; 2, the second arc support block; 201, the concave; 3, the tunnel; 4, the airbag; 5, the side wall retaining block; 501, the raised strip; 502, the water diversion groove; 6, the moving seat; 7, the central arc top block; 8, the concrete filling layer; 9, the engaging opening; 10, the moving pull rod; 11, the limit pin; 12, the wheel; 13, the supporting seat; 14, the lifting platform; 15, the supporting plate; 16, the backing plate; 17, the hydraulic telescopic rod; 18, the retaining ring. Specific implementation mode

[0041] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, a prefabricated and assembled tunnel lining PC structure includes side wall retaining blocks 5, the first arc support block 1, the second arc support block 2 and the central arc top block 7. There are two side wall retaining blocks 5, and the two side wall retaining blocks 5 are respectively arranged at both side edges of the tunnel 3. There are two second arc support blocks 2, two first arc support blocks 1, and one central arc top block 7. The central arc top block 7 is located at the top of the tunnel 3. The two first arc support blocks 1 are respectively located at both ends of the central arc top block 7. The second arc support block 2 is located between the central side wall retaining block 5 and the first arc support block 1.

[0044] It should be noted that the PC structure in this article has a fast construction speed and short overall strength-consuming time. It is suitable for tunnels with relatively weak overall stability of surrounding rocks, where urgent support and reinforcement measures are needed to maintain the stability of the tunnel structure, and is more suitable for hard-rock tunnels, such as the tunnel 3 excavated in a rocky mountain body. This kind of tunnel 3 has a certain supporting strength by itself and will not collapse by itself. Building this PC structure in the tunnel 3 is mainly to prevent small-particle rocks in the tunnel 3 from falling, which may affect the driving safety in the tunnel 3. Therefore, building this PC structure in the tunnel 3 can use this structure to exert a certain blocking effect on the rocks and prevent the rocks from falling into the tunnel 3.

[0045] In this tunnel structure, by building this structure in the tunnel 3, only the side wall retaining blocks 5 on both sides need to be poured with concrete on site, and the remaining first arc support blocks 1, second arc support blocks 2 and arc center top blocks only need to be prefabricated in the prefabrication workshop. After the first arc support blocks 1, the second arc support blocks 2 and the arc center top blocks are poured, the second arc support blocks 2, the first arc support blocks 1, the arc center top blocks and the side wall retaining blocks 5 are then spliced ​​into a complete overall structure.

[0046] In this PC structure, side wall retaining blocks 5 are constructed at the two side ends of the tunnel 3, and the side wall retaining blocks 5 are embedded in the rock mass. When constructing the side wall retaining blocks 5, steel bar cutting and welding operations are required, and formwork is required. After the formwork is completed, concrete pouring is carried out. After the concrete pouring is completed, the construction of the side wall retaining blocks 5 is completed.

[0047] The central arc top block 7 is closely matched with the first arc support block 1 , the second arc support block 2 is closely matched with the first arc support block 1 , and the second arc support block 2 is plugged and matched with the side wall block 5 .

[0048] Optionally, the two first arc support blocks 1 have the same shape and size, the two second arc support blocks 2 have the same shape and size, the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 are both provided with engaging openings 9 that can be engaged with each other, the center arc top block 7 and the first arc support block 1 are provided with engaging openings 9 that can be engaged with each other, the side wall barrier block 5 is provided with a protrusion, and the second arc support block 2 is provided with a recess 201 that matches the protrusion.

[0049] The cooperation between the protrusion and the recess 201 can ensure good stability between the side wall block 5 and the second arc support block 2. At the same time, the first arc support block 1, the second arc support block 2 and the center arc top block 7 are cooperated with each other using mutually engaging openings 9, which improves the convenience of assembly.

[0050] It should be noted that the structure provided in this embodiment is particularly suitable for the construction of highway tunnels or low-speed railway tunnels (the speed of trains in the tunnel should not be higher than 120 kilometers per hour). This structure is only suitable for areas with infrequent geological activities (i.e., areas where earthquakes basically do not occur). It is strictly prohibited to use this structure for tunnels 3 located on fault zones (i.e., areas prone to earthquakes).

[0051] Combined with Figure 4 , Attachment Figure 5 And attached Figure 6 The shape of the center arc top block is described as follows: the center arc top block is in the shape of an arc, and its structure is similar to an isosceles trapezoid, with one side of the center arc top block being smaller and the other side being larger.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] See the appendix Figure 7 , an assembly device for assembling the prefabricated tunnel lining PC structure as above, including a moving seat 6, a moving pull rod 10, a lifting platform 14, a supporting seat 13, a backing plate 16 and a lifting airbag 4. The lifting airbag 4 is arranged on the moving seat 6. A guide hole is arranged on the moving seat 6. The moving pull rod 10 is slidably matched with the guide hole. The supporting seat 13 is fixed at one end of the moving pull rod 10. Wheels 12 are arranged on both the moving seat 6 and the supporting seat 13. The lifting platform 14 is arranged on the supporting seat 13. The backing plate 16 is arranged on the lifting platform 14.

[0054] The assembly device in this example is used to assemble the above structure. The usage method is as follows. First, place two first arc support blocks 1 and two second arc support blocks 2 on the airbag 4, and make the engaging openings 9 of the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 in a state where they can overlap each other. Then, place the central arc top block 7 at one end of the lifting platform 14, and make the backing plate 16 abut against the central arc top block 7. Then, use a vehicle to drag the moving seat 6 and the supporting seat 13 (both the moving seat 6 and the supporting seat 13 are located between two side wall retaining blocks 5, and at this time, the moving seat 6 and the supporting seat 13 are in a static state) into the tunnel 3. When the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 on the moving seat 6 move to the predetermined position, the lifting airbag 4 starts to inflate, and the lifting airbag 4 starts to lift the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2. When the airbag 4 lifts until the two second arc support blocks 2 are respectively matched with the two side wall retaining blocks 5, the two first arc support blocks 1 are respectively matched with the second arc support blocks 2 on both sides. Then, when there is a gap between the two first arc support blocks 1, at this time, make the moving seat 6 in a static state. Then, move the supporting seat 13. Due to the existence of the moving pull rod 10, the moving pull rod 10 can play a guiding role in the movement of the supporting seat 13, so that the supporting seat 13 will not deviate during the process of moving towards the moving seat 6. The supporting seat 13 moves towards the moving seat 6. When the central arc top block 7 on the lifting platform 14 is stuck between the two first arc support blocks 1, the airbag 4 starts to deflate. Under the action of its own gravity, the arc center top block, the first arc support block 1, the second arc support block 2 and the side wall retaining block 5 are completely engaged together.

[0055] It further includes a hydraulic telescopic rod 17. The hydraulic telescopic rod 17 is arranged on the backing plate 16, and the hydraulic telescopic rod is perpendicular to the backing plate 16.

[0056] The function of the hydraulic telescopic rod 17 is to play an auxiliary pushing role. When the hydraulic telescopic rod extends, the thrust generated can push the central arc top block 7 on the lifting platform 14 between the two first arc support blocks 1, so that the central arc top block 7 is stuck between the two first arc support blocks 1.

[0057] It further includes a supporting plate 15. The supporting plate 15 is arranged on the lifting platform 14 and is perpendicular to the back plate 16.

[0058] Since the lifting platform 14 is a hydraulic lifting platform 14, and both the bottom and the top of the hydraulic lifting platform 14 are two flat plates. To ensure that the lifting platform 14 can stably support the central arc top block 7, a supporting plate 15 is further provided. One side of the supporting plate 15 is a plane, and the plane end of the supporting plate 15 is used to tightly fit with the lifting platform 14. The other side of the supporting plate 15 is an arc surface, and the arc surface end of the supporting plate 15 is used to support the arc center top block. The supporting plate 15 and the lifting platform 14 are fixed together by screws or bolts, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly according to the usage requirements.

[0059] Limit pin holes are opened on the moving pull rod 10. There are two limit pin holes, and limit pins 11 are inserted into the limit pin holes.

[0060] The function of the limit pins is to limit the moving pull rod 10 and the moving seat 6. The distance between the two limit pin holes is equivalent to the length of the moving seat 6. When the two limit pin holes are respectively located on both sides of the moving seat 6, only two limit pins need to be stuck in the limit pin holes. At this time, the moving pull rod 10 is clamped and fixed on the moving seat 6, and at this time, the moving seat 6 and the supporting seat 13 can move simultaneously. Pull out the two limit pins, and the moving seat 6 or the supporting seat 13 can be moved alone, and when moving

[0061] See the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the lifting airbag 4 (the side fixed to the moving seat 6) adopted in this embodiment is flat, while the side used to support the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 is arc-shaped. The lifting airbag 4 is made of wear-resistant rubber.

[0062] See the appendix Figure 7 In this embodiment, the moving seat 6 is a cube-shaped block, and the supporting seat 13 is also a cube-shaped block. Wheels 12 are installed on the tops of the moving seat 6 and the supporting seat 13.

[0063] The method for moving the device is as follows: first, when the movable seat 6 needs to be moved together with the fixed seat, the limit pin is inserted into the limit pin hole, and then the movable seat 6 or the moving rod 10 is pulled by a vehicle to drive the movable seat 6 and the fixed seat to move together. When the supporting seat 13 needs to be moved alone, the two limit pins are pulled out, and then the moving rod 10 is pulled to move, and at this time the supporting seat 13 can be driven to move alone.

[0064] It should be further explained that the central axis of the movable seat 6, the central axis of the supporting seat 13 and the movable rod 10 are located in the same plane.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] A construction method suitable for constructing the prefabricated assembled tunnel lining PC structure shown in Example 1. This method requires the use of the device shown in Example 2. The length of the tunnel 3 is 50 meters, the two ends of the tunnel 3 are planar, the top of the tunnel 3 is arched, and the bottom of the tunnel 3 is planar. The construction is carried out according to the following steps.

[0067] S1: Prefabricated parts preparation step, using reinforced concrete casting to manufacture the first arc support block 1, the second arc support block 2 and the center arc top block 7; wherein the width of the first arc support block 1 is 50 cm, the width of the second arc support block 2 is 50 cm, the width of the center arc top block 7 is 50 cm, and the thickness is 20 cm.

[0068] S2: Side wall construction steps: build a mold at the edge of the tunnel 3, and use the on-site casting method to cast the side wall retaining block 5 in the tunnel 3 using reinforced concrete; the length of the side wall retaining block 5 is equal to the length of the tunnel 3, and the two side wall retaining blocks 5 are in a parallel state. A protrusion is set on the side wall retaining block 5, and the length of the protrusion is 50 meters. Then, a water diversion trough 502 is opened on the side wall. The length of the water diversion trough 502 is 50 meters, and the water diversion trough 502 has a slope, and is in a structure with deep grooves at both ends and shallow grooves in the middle. When water drops in the water diversion trough 502, the water will automatically flow to the entrance of the tunnel.

[0069] S3: Build the first arch ring. Use engineering machinery to assemble the first arc support block 1, the second arc support block 2 and the center arc top block 7 at an opening of the tunnel 3 to form the first support arch ring. The arch ring is clamped on the two side wall blocks, and the concave 201 on the second arc support block (the length of the concave is equal to the width of the second arc support block, which is also 50cm) is engaged with the protrusion 501 on the side wall block 5. This step can be seen in the attached figure. Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 And attached Figure 3 As shown,

[0070] S4: Continued construction step: In this step, the device shown in Embodiment 2 is required. Place the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 on the arc surface of the lifting airbag 4, and make the engaging openings 9 of the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 in a state where they can overlap each other. Then place the central arc top block 7 on the support plate 15, and then lock the moving seat 6 and the moving pull rod 10 together with a limit pin. Pull the moving seat 6 and the support seat 13 to move together. When the moving seat 6 moves in place, the lifting airbag 4 starts to inflate, and the lifting airbag 4 starts to lift the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2. Under the jacking action of the lifting airbag 4, the second arc support block 2 engages with the side wall retaining block 5, and the first arc support block 1 engages with the second arc support block 2. At this time, move the moving seat 6 and the support seat 13 again. Under the jacking and frictional action of the lifting airbag 4, the first arc support block 1 and the second arc support block 2 move towards the first arch ring and press against the first arch ring. Then remove the two limit pins, pull the support seat 13 to move, and adjust the height of the support plate 15 by the lifting of the lifting platform 14 so that the lower end surface of the central arc top block 7 is flush with or slightly higher than the lifting airbag 4. When this is done, continue to pull the moving pull rod 10 until the support plate 15 is pulled to be close to the airbag 4. Then the hydraulic telescopic rod starts to extend, pushing the central arc top block 7 towards the airbag 4 so that the central arc top block 7 is stuck between the two first arc support blocks 1. Then the hydraulic telescopic rod starts to contract, and the lifting airbag 4 starts to deflate. The central arc top block 7, the first arc support block 1, and the second arc support block 2 are engaged together by their own gravity to form the second arch ring. This process can be further compared with the attached Figure 7 for reference. Taking the direction shown in the attached Figure 7 as an example, assume that the arch ring is built from left to right. When building, first move the moving seat and the fixed seat to the left. When the assembly of the first arc support block and the second arc support block is completed, the moving seat is in a fixed state. Then move the support seat to the left to complete the assembly of the central arc top block and the two first arc support blocks. After the assembly is completed, the entire device moves to the right, and pull the various prefabricated parts again to carry out the assembly of the next arch ring, and keep cycling until the assembly of all arch rings is completed.

[0071] S5: Steps for continuing the construction of the arch ring. Sequentially complete the construction of the third arch ring, the fourth arch ring, and so on until all arch rings are built according to the steps shown in S4. There is a gap of 5 - 10 cm between each arch ring and the wall surface of the tunnel. Each arch ring is in a tightly attached state. And after every 3 arch rings are built, waterproof mortar is sprayed between the arch ring and the tunnel 3 (sprayed from the side through a pipe), so that a layer of mortar waterproof layer is formed on the upper end surface of each arch ring. After the mortar waterproof layer is completed, grouting is carried out to form a concrete filling layer 8 in the gap. Since the entire grouting process is carried out intermittently, the finally grouted concrete filling layer 8 is full of gaps, and these gaps can play a role in water conduction. The gaps are good water flow channels. When water seeps out from the rock of the tunnel 3, the water can smoothly flow through the gaps in the concrete filling layer 8 into the water diversion trough 502 (since it is grouted in batches, the water diversion trough 502 will not be completely blocked by concrete), and is drained away from the water diversion trough 502. Such a design can avoid the phenomenon of water accumulation at the top of the tunnel. In the tunnel built by this method, due to the corresponding drainage gaps provided above the tunnel, the phenomenon of excessive humidity at the top of the tunnel is avoided. Therefore, when installing some electrical equipment on the top of the tunnel, the corrosion and aging speed of the equipment is relatively slow. The traditional grouting method grouts by means of pressure grouting after the arch ring is completely built. Although this grouting method ensures the density of the concrete filling layer 8, it cannot drain the water seeping out from the rock in time. This will only allow the water to seep out from the arch ring, resulting in excessive humidity at the top of the tunnel. This process can be seen in the appendix Figure 4 shown. Similarly, in order to avoid tunnel water seepage, waterproof rubber strips are provided between the central arc top block, the first arc support block, and the second arc support block in this embodiment.

[0072] Embodiment 4

[0073] A water conveyance tunnel passing through a mountain. This tunnel adopts the arch ring structure as shown in Embodiment 1, and is built by using the assembly device as shown in Embodiment 2. The entire construction method is as shown in Embodiment 3. However, the difference from Embodiment 3 is that after each arch ring of this kind of tunnel is built, there is no need to spray waterproof mortar, nor is there a need for grouting.

[0074] Embodiment 5

[0075] A high - speed railway tunnel passing through a mountain. This tunnel adopts the arch ring structure as shown in Embodiment 1, and is built by using the assembly device as shown in Embodiment 2. The entire construction method is as shown in Embodiment 3. However, the difference from Embodiment 3 is that two layers of reinforced concrete retaining rings 18 are poured at both openings of this kind of tunnel. The reinforced concrete retaining rings 18 are closely attached to the arch ring. This structure can be seen in the appendix Figure 8As shown, the arch ring is in a state of being clamped by two reinforced concrete retaining rings. It should be particularly noted that the high-speed railway built in this kind of tunnel must adopt a ballastless track, and the train running speed shall not be higher than 200 kilometers per hour.

[0076] Embodiment 6

[0077] A pipeline tunnel passing through a mountain. This tunnel adopts the arch ring structure as shown in Embodiment 1, and is built using the assembling device as shown in Embodiment 2. The entire construction method is as shown in Embodiment 3. The tunnel provided in this embodiment can be used as a passage for gas pipelines, water pipelines, and cable lines.

[0078] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation made by using the content of the specification of the present invention, directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembly device, which is used for assembling a prefabricated tunnel lining PC structure, and is characterized in that, It includes a moving seat, a moving pull rod, a lifting platform, a supporting seat, a backrest and a lifting airbag. The lifting airbag is arranged on the moving seat. A guide hole is arranged on the moving seat. The moving pull rod is slidably matched with the guide hole. The supporting seat is fixed at one end of the moving pull rod. Wheels are arranged on both the moving seat and the supporting seat. The lifting platform is arranged on the supporting seat. The backrest is arranged on the lifting platform; The prefabricated tunnel lining PC structure includes side wall retaining blocks, a first arc support block, a second arc support block and a central arc top block. There are two side wall retaining blocks, and the two side wall retaining blocks are respectively arranged at the two side edges of the tunnel. There are two second arc support blocks, two first arc support blocks, and one central arc top block. The central arc top block is located at the top of the tunnel. The two first arc support blocks are respectively located at both ends of the central arc top block. The second arc support block is located between the side wall retaining block and the first arc support block.

2. The assembling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central arc top block is tightly fitted with the first arc support block. The second arc support block is tightly fitted with the first arc support block. The second arc support block is inserted and fitted with the side wall retaining block.

3. The assembly device according to claim 1, wherein The two first arc support blocks have the same shape and size. The two second arc support blocks have the same shape and size. Engaging ports that can be engaged with each other are arranged on both the first arc support block and the second arc support block. Engaging ports that can be engaged with each other are arranged on the central arc top block and the first arc support block.

4. The assembling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a hydraulic telescopic rod. The hydraulic telescopic rod is arranged on the backrest and is perpendicular to the backrest.

5. The assembling device according to claim 1, wherein It further includes a supporting plate. The supporting plate is arranged on the lifting platform and is perpendicular to the backrest.

6. The assembling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Limit pin holes are formed on the moving pull rod. There are two limit pin holes, and the limit pin holes are for inserting limit pins.

7. A construction method for a prefabricated tunnel lining PC structure using the assembly device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Prefabricated part preparation step: The first arc support block, the second arc support block and the central arc top block are manufactured by means of reinforced concrete casting; Side wall construction step: A mold is built at the edge of the tunnel, and the side wall retaining block is cast in the tunnel by using reinforced concrete through on-site casting; Building step: The first arc support block and the second arc support block are fixed in the tunnel, so that the second arc support block is engaged with the side wall retaining block, and the first arc support block is engaged with the second arc support block. During this process, the first arc support block and the second arc support block are propped up by a flexible support member; Forming step: The central arc top block is clamped between the two first arc support blocks, and then the flexible support member is removed. The central arc top block, the first arc support block and the second arc support block are clamped together by their own gravity.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, There are gaps between the central arc top block, the first arc support block and the second arc support block and the tunnel wall. After the central arc top block, the first arc support block and the second arc support block are built, waterproof mortar is sprayed into the gaps. After the waterproof mortar is sprayed, cement slurry is poured. After the cement slurry solidifies, a number of concrete filling layers are formed, and there are gaps between the concrete filling layers.

9. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, A water diversion groove is provided on the side wall retaining block.

Images