Tangentially actuated magneto-motive transfer generator

Abstract

Overall, apparatuses and systems for tangential actuation magnetic momentum transfer electric generators, and methods of use thereof, are provided. In one aspect, an electric power generator is provided having a multi-turn wire forming a coil, a first magnet positioned in the coil, at least one focusing magnet positioned about the coil, and an actuator movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to an outer surface of the first magnet. The actuator can be configured to cause rotation of the first magnet, and the rotation of the first magnet and / or the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic field of one or more of the at least one focusing magnet and the actuator magnet can induce a voltage across first and second terminals of the multi-turn wire.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62 / 938,653, filed November 21, 2019, entitled “TANGENTIALLY ACTUATED MAGNETIC MOMENTUM TRANSFERGENERATOR”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The current topic relates to a tangentially actuated magneto-momentum transfer generator. Background Technology

[0004] The tangential velocity relevant to this topic is measured at any point tangent to the diameter of the rotating cylindrical magnet. The angular velocity ω of the rotating magnet is related to the tangential velocity vt by the formula vt = ωr, where r is the radius of the magnet. Tangential velocity is also the component of motion along the edge of a circle, measured at any arbitrary point on the circle. As the name suggests, tangential velocity describes the motion of the circle along the tangent at that point.

[0005] First, calculate the angular displacement Q, which is the ratio of the length of the arc S drawn by the object on this circle to its radius r. Angular displacement is the angular portion below the shaded area of ​​the arc between two lines connecting its centers and ends. It is measured in radians. The rate of change of an object's angular displacement is called its angular velocity. Angular velocity is denoted by ω, and its standard unit is radians per second (rad / s). Angular velocity differs from linear velocity because it only relates to objects moving in circular motion. Essentially, it measures the rate at which the angular displacement sweeps across the circle.

[0006] V = ΔS / Δt, (Formula 1)

[0007] This is the linear velocity of the slider component, which has a stationary magnet that moves with the slider component, and the slider component is magnetically coupled to the rotating magnet.

[0008] ω=Δθ / Δt, (Formula 2)

[0009] It is the angular velocity of the rotating magnet.

[0010] S = The distance traveled by the rotating magnet around its axis, which is caused by the movement of the slider component (along with its magnet).

[0011] The derivation of the linear or tangential velocity of a rotating magnet in uniform circular motion, θ = S / r, makes v = r*Δθ / Δt or v = r*ω.

[0012] The linear component of angular velocity is known as linear velocity, which is the rate of change of the linear displacement of an object. Linear displacement is the arc S mentioned above, i.e., the length of the arc of rotation of the magnet when it is affected and excited to move about its own axis of rotation. The rate of change of time of the product of radius r and angular displacement θ is the linear velocity of the object, which, in the case of this embodiment, is the accelerated motion of the slider magnet passing through a freely rotating magnet placed at the center of the coil. The radius is excluded from the calculation because it is a constant, and the linear velocity is the product of the object's angular velocity and the radius of the circle it traces. The linear velocity measured at any point on an object moving within a circle is the tangential velocity.

[0013] Another way to define linear velocity is in terms of time period. If the time period is the time it takes for an object to complete one revolution around a circle, then its velocity is s / t (distance / time). The reciprocal of t is known as the frequency and is denoted by f, which is the number of revolutions per second. The product of 2πf is known as the angular frequency and is denoted by ω.

[0014] The effect of wire gauge

[0015] In electromagnetic energy harvesting generators, and in all other types of generators, the influence of coil gauge is determined by several mathematical factors. Therefore, Ohm's law for power is considered;

[0016] P = V 2 / R l (Square of induced voltage divided by load resistance), and now relates to Faraday's law; (Equation 3)

[0017] P = (-N d(B·A) / dt) 2 / R l ∝N 2 / R l (Formula 4)

[0018] The definition is:

[0019] N = number of turns, R l = Load resistance, B = Magnetic field vector strength,

[0020] A = Cross-sectional area of ​​the coil.

[0021] Further consideration is that the maximum power transfer occurs when the coil resistance equals the load resistance. The smaller the radius (r) of the wire coil, the more turns N can be wound along its length and depth l, and p is the specific resistance of the wire gauge.

[0022] Therefore, N ∝ 1 / r, so R c =R coil =pl∝(1 / r 2(πdN)∝(1 / r 3 ) (Formula 5)

[0023] Power ∝ N 2 / R c ∝(1 / r) 2 / (1 / r) 3 ∝r (Formula 6)

[0024] However, as shown, the generated voltage decreases with decreasing wire radius:

[0025] V coil =Nd(B·A) / dt∝1 / r (Formula 7)

[0026] Mathematical Derivation of the Anti-Cube Law

[0027] This derivation is theoretically applicable to all forces that obey the inverse square law when applied to a point entity.

[0028] Electrostatic force FP=KQ1Q2 / R 2 K = 1 / 4πεo, Q = charge, R = distance

[0029] Magnetic force FP=Um1m2 / R 2 U = 1 / μ, m = magnetic monopole strength, R = distance

[0030] Universal gravitation FP = GM1M2 / R 2 G = gravitational constant, M = mass, R = distance

[0031] Therefore, overall, FP = kX1X2 / R 2 (Formula 8)

[0032] Where FP = force magnitude of the point entity, k = constant, X = entity element, and R = distance between entities.

[0033] There is an additional parameter δ defined, which in practice is the shorter distance between the two point entities that form a single dipole. The distance R will therefore define the longer distance between the dipole center and another point entity X.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, a dipole consists of two opposing entities, +x and -x, separated by a distance δ, and is acted upon by a point entity +X at a greater distance R. Since the negative pole of the dipole is attracted to +X, the dipole orients itself with its negative pole facing the point entity +X. Therefore, if we measure the distance R from the center point of the dipole to the point +X, we find that the distance from +X to +x is R + δ / 2 and the distance from +X to -x is R - δ / 2. Thus, since the distance between +X and -x is shorter than the distance between +X and +x, the polarity of the force between the two opposing entities will govern the motion of the dipole relative to the point entity. For opposite charges and magnetic poles, this means that the dipole will always move towards the point +X, regardless of the polarity of X.

[0035] The net force acting between the dipole and the point entity X will be:

[0036] FD=kXx / (R-δ / 2) 2 -kXx / (R+δ / 2) 2 (Formula 9)

[0037] We can rewrite the above content in the following form:

[0038] FD=[kXx / R2] / (1-δ / 2R) 2 -[kXx / R2] / (1+δ / 2R) 2 (Formula 10)

[0039] Given the condition δ << 2R, which is set as one of our assumptions, we have reason to apply a binomial approximation to (1+x)n.

[0040] ≈1+nx, or 1 / (1+x)n (Formula 11)

[0041] ≈1-nx, which is valid for x<<1, thus reducing:

[0042] 1 / (1-δ / 2R) 2 To 1+δ / R, and 1 / (1+δ / 2R) 2 To 1-δ / R (Formula 12)

[0043] Therefore, the force field equations can be approximated as:

[0044] FD≈[kXx / R 2 ] / (1+δ / R)-[kXx / R 2 ] / (1-δ / R) (Formula 13)

[0045] FD≈[kXx / R 2 (1+δ / R-1+δ / R) (Formula 14)

[0046] FD≈2kXxδ / R3 or simply FDα1 / R 3 (Formula.15) Summary of the Invention

[0047] Methods, apparatus, and systems for tangentially actuated magnetomotive force transfer generators are provided. Related equipment, techniques, and articles are also described.

[0048] In one aspect, a power generator is configured to include a multi-turn wire forming a coil, a first magnet positioned within the coil, at least one focusing magnet positioned around the coil, and an actuator movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to the outer surface of the first magnet. The multi-turn wire may include a first terminal and a second terminal. The first magnet may have an axis of rotation and may rotate within the coil about the axis of rotation. The actuator may be configured such that, when the actuator moves from a first position aligned with the first magnet to a second position aligned with the at least one focusing magnet, the actuator causes the first magnet to rotate from a first stationary position to a limit position established by the actuator and the at least one focusing magnet. The first magnet may be configured to oscillate before reaching a stationary position at the second stationary position, whereby the rotation of the first magnet and / or the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic fields of one or more of the at least one focusing magnet and the actuator can induce a voltage across the first and second terminals.

[0049] One or more of the following features may be included in any feasible combination with any implementation and embodiment of the subject matter described and shown herein. For example, at least one focusing magnet may be configured to hold the actuator in a second position. For example, the actuator may include an actuator magnet. For example, the actuator may include an actuator magnet having a first magnetic pole with a first orientation, at least one focusing magnet having a second magnetic pole with a second orientation, and the first orientation may be different from the second orientation. For example, the actuator magnet may include a north pole located on a first surface of the actuator magnet and a south pole located on a second surface of the actuator magnet, the second surface being opposite to the first surface, and the first surface of the actuator magnet may face the south pole of the first magnet when the actuator is in the first position. For example, the actuator magnet may include a north pole located on a first surface of the actuator magnet and a south pole located on a second surface of the actuator magnet, the second surface being opposite to the first surface, and the first surface of the actuator magnet may face the south pole of at least one focusing magnet when the actuator is in the second position. For example, an actuator magnet may include a south pole located on a first surface of the actuator magnet and a north pole located on a second surface of the actuator magnet, the second surface being opposite to the first surface, and the first surface of the actuator magnet may face the north pole of the first magnet when the actuator is in a first position. For example, an actuator magnet may include a south pole located on a first surface of the actuator magnet and a north pole located on a second surface of the actuator magnet, the second surface being opposite to the first surface, and the first surface of the actuator magnet may face the north pole of at least one focusing magnet when the actuator is in a second position. For example, an actuator may be configured such that when the actuator moves from a second position to a first position, the actuator causes repetitive oscillations of the first magnet, whereby rotation of the first magnet and / or interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic fields of at least one focusing magnet and one or more of the actuators can induce a voltage across the first and second terminals. For example, a power generator may include at least one opposing focusing magnet positioned relative to at least one focusing magnet around a coil. For example, the actuator can be configured such that when the actuator moves from a second position to a first position and to a third position where the actuator is aligned with at least one opposing focusing magnet, the actuator causes repetitive oscillations of the first magnet, whereby the rotation of the first magnet and / or the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic fields of at least one focusing magnet and one or more of the actuator's magnetic fields can induce a voltage across the first and second terminals. For example, at least one opposing focusing magnet can be configured to hold the actuator in the third position. For example, the actuator magnet may include a north pole located on a first surface of the actuator magnet and a south pole located on a second surface of the actuator magnet, the second surface being opposite to the first surface, and when the actuator is in the third position, the first surface of the actuator magnet may face the south pole of at least one opposing focusing magnet.For example, the first magnet, at least one focusing magnet, and at least one opposing focusing magnet can be substantially aligned in a common plane. For example, the first magnet and at least one focusing magnet can be substantially aligned in a common plane. For example, the multi-turn wire, the first magnet, and at least one focusing magnet can be housed in a substrate, and the actuator can be coupled to the substrate. For example, the actuator can include at least one bump (nub) positioned to contact the substrate and reduce friction as the actuator moves from a first position to a second position.

[0050] In another aspect, an electric generator is provided and may include a nanomaterial matrix having a first terminal and a second terminal, a first magnet positioned within the nanomaterial matrix, at least one focusing magnet positioned around the nanomaterial matrix, and an actuator movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to the outer surface of the first magnet. The nanomaterial matrix may have a first terminal and a second terminal. The first magnet may have an axis of rotation and may rotate within the nanomaterial matrix about the axis of rotation. The actuator may be configured such that, when the actuator moves from a first position aligned with the first magnet to a second position aligned with the at least one focusing magnet, the actuator causes the first magnet to rotate from a first stationary position to a limit position established by the actuator and the at least one focusing magnet. The first magnet may be configured to oscillate before reaching a stationary position at the second stationary position, whereby the rotation of the first magnet and / or the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic fields of one or more of the at least one focusing magnet and the actuator can induce a voltage across the first terminal and the second terminal.

[0051] In another aspect, an electric generator is provided and may include a multi-turn wire forming a coil, a first magnet positioned within the coil, and an actuator movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to the outer surface of the first magnet. The multi-turn wire may include a first terminal and a second terminal. The first magnet may have an axis of rotation and may rotate within the coil about the axis of rotation. The actuator may be configured such that, when the actuator moves from a first position aligned with the first magnet to a second position not aligned with the first magnet, the actuator causes the first magnet to rotate between a first stationary position and an extreme position. The first magnet may be configured to oscillate before reaching a stationary position at the second stationary position, whereby the rotation of the first magnet and / or the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic field of the actuator can induce a voltage across the first and second terminals.

[0052] Details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the specification, the accompanying drawings, and the claims. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The above embodiments can be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. For clarity, not every component in every drawing will be labeled. In the drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the anticubic law described in detail in this article;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a tangentially actuated magneto-momentum transfer generator;

[0056] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Exploded perspective view of the components of a tangentially actuated magneto-momentum transfer generator;

[0057] Figure 4A This is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, including a single stationary magnet disposed outside the coil winding;

[0058] Figure 4B This is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, including dual and separate stationary magnets at opposite ends of a coil winding;

[0059] Figure 4C This is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, which does not include any stationary magnets disposed outside the coil windings;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a rectangular coil winder with a wire indentation notch, according to an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter.

[0061] Figure 6A This is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, demonstrating the positional changes of a slider magnet during the initial motion of moving over and past a rotating magnet, and further moving onto a stationary magnet;

[0062] Figure 6B This is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, demonstrating the positional change of the slider magnet, wherein the slider magnet is moved in the opposite direction to a position above the rotating magnet;

[0063] Figure 6C This is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, demonstrating the positional change of a slider magnet, wherein the slider magnet moves from a position above a first stationary magnet, passes a rotating magnet, and moves to a position above a second stationary magnet opposite to the first stationary magnet;

[0064] Figure 6DThis is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter, characterized as a single, offset stationary magnet whose polarity orientation is offset by 90 degrees relative to the polarity orientation of a slider magnet, and demonstrates the positional change of the slider magnet, wherein the slider magnet moves between a position above a rotating magnet and a position above a single stationary magnet.

[0065] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram demonstrating how, when the slider magnet is positioned above the rotating magnet, the... Figure 4A The magnetic field lines generated by the magnet in the illustrated embodiment;

[0066] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram demonstrating how, when the slider magnet is positioned above the stationary magnet at an arbitrary angular position relative to the rotating magnet, the... Figure 4A The magnetic field lines generated by the magnet in the illustrated embodiment;

[0067] Figure 7C This is a schematic diagram demonstrating how, when the slider magnet is positioned above the rotating magnet, the... Figure 4B The magnetic field lines generated by the magnet in the illustrated embodiment;

[0068] Figure 7D This is a schematic diagram demonstrating how, when the slider magnet is positioned above one of the stationary magnets at an arbitrary angular position relative to the rotating magnet, the... Figure 4B The magnetic field lines generated by the magnet in the illustrated embodiment;

[0069] Figure 8A This is a perspective view of an exemplary slider guide, which can be used in some embodiments of this subject and includes four insertion protrusions;

[0070] Figure 8B yes Figure 8A Additional perspective view of the slider guide;

[0071] Figure 9A This is a perspective view of an exemplary slider mechanism that can be used in some embodiments of this topic;

[0072] Figure 9B yes Figure 9A Additional perspective view of the slider mechanism;

[0073] Figure 10A This is a perspective view of an exemplary generator base, which can be used in some embodiments of this subject matter;

[0074] Figure 10B yes Figure 10A Additional perspective view of the generator base;

[0075] Figure 11Includes three views of an exemplary rotating central magnet, which can be used in some embodiments of this subject matter, and includes a non-magnetic metal shaft;

[0076] Figure 12A This is a first oscilloscope trace of the waveform output during generator state changes, based on some implementation schemes of this topic; and

[0077] Figure 12B This is a second oscilloscope trace of the waveform output during changes in the state of a generator, based on some implementation schemes of this topic. Detailed Implementation

[0078] Specific exemplary embodiments will now be described to provide a general understanding of the structure, function, manufacture, and principles of use of the apparatuses and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the apparatuses and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and that the scope of the invention is defined only by the claims. Features of a description or illustration in connection with an exemplary embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

[0079] Furthermore, in this disclosure, components with the same name in various embodiments generally have similar features; therefore, in a particular embodiment, it is not necessary to fully describe every feature of each component with the same name. Moreover, regarding the use of linear or circular dimensions in the description of the disclosed systems, apparatus, and methods, such dimensions are not intended to limit the types of shapes that can be used in conjunction with such systems, apparatus, and methods. Those skilled in the art will recognize that for any geometry, dimensions equivalent to such linear and circular dimensions can be readily determined.

[0080] In general, an apparatus and system for a tangentially actuated magnetomotive force transmission generator, and a method of using thereof, are provided. In one aspect, the generation of an induced voltage in a coil winding is provided, the causal relationship of which is determined by the forward and reverse tangential velocities of a stationary magnet disposed within a moving slider component, wherein both the magnet and the slider component move bidirectionally in unison. This tangential velocity (motion) influences, via magnetomotive force transmission, the rotational motion of a rotatable magnet centrally disposed within the induction coil. Furthermore, at a first end opposite the central coil and the rotatable magnet, a stationary magnet is disposed, polarized to excite a first movement caused by an external force (such as an applied finger movement) on the slider component, after which the magnet of the movable slider component is magnetically attracted to the stationary magnet; and this attraction causes a first positional state change, which keeps the slider component stationary at the first end at the center of the coil until a second positional state change occurs due to an external force (such as an applied finger movement). Once the second external force is applied, the effect of the state change now causes the slider component to remain stationary above the rotatable magnet within the center of the coil. Therefore, any change in position will cause a voltage pulse felt at the coil terminals, and this voltage is available for a defined duration for any useful application, in terms of instantaneous electrical energy.

[0081] The tangentially actuated magnetomotive force transfer generator gives rise to at least two energy generation mechanisms; one is that the tangential velocity of the magnetically coupled actuator causes the angular velocity of the rotating component, which, according to Faraday's law, is directly responsible for electromagnetic induction, where the angular velocity is directly related to the energy output, and the kinetic energy from this rotating component exhibits inertia and is accelerated to an radian velocity by this tangential actuation, so that this kinetic energy can appear in the form of angular oscillations around the terminal rest angular equilibrium position, which is subjected to additional magnetic restoring forces from any angular displacement from the terminal rest equilibrium position.

[0082] Figure 2 A perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the energy harvesting generator 300 is shown, and Figure 3 An exploded perspective view of an energy harvesting generator 300 is shown. As shown, the energy harvesting generator 300 includes a base body 301 coupled to a coil winder 303 having wire windings 305. The coil winder 303 has a central rectangular through-hole surrounding a central protrusion 325. Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, the central protrusion is configured to hold and enclose the rotating magnet 321 and the central through shaft x1 protruding at the left side 319A and the opposite right side 319B of the rotating magnet 321 (see diagram). Figure 11(This will be discussed in further detail below). A slider guide 311 is mounted above the coil winder 303 and positioned on the left stationary magnet compartment 301L and the opposite right stationary magnet compartment 301R. The slider guide has an end arch wall 311 configured to act as a stop limit for the slider 315 coupled to the slider guide 311, and contains a fixed disk magnet 317. Although the fixed disk magnet 317 is shown herein as a disk, other magnet shapes (square, rectangular, elliptical, etc.) are possible in some embodiments of this subject matter and are considered within the scope of this disclosure. As described above, there are two stationary magnet compartments located at opposite ends of the device: namely, the first left compartment 301L, for holding the first stationary bar magnet 327 (e.g., ...). Figure 3 As shown), a first left compartment 301L and a second right compartment 301R are used to hold the second stationary bar magnet 307. In some embodiments of this subject matter, the first left compartment 301L and the second right compartment 301R may each include a cover disposed between the fixed disk magnet 317 and the first and second stationary bar magnets 327, 307, respectively. In other embodiments of this subject matter, the first left compartment 301L and the second right compartment 301R are omitted, leaving the first and second stationary bar magnets 327, 307 free-standing on the base base 301. In some embodiments of this subject matter, the first and second stationary bar magnets 327, 307 are attached to the base base 301. In some embodiments of this subject matter, instead of the first and second stationary bar magnets 327 and 307, rotatable magnets may be placed within the first left compartment 301L and the second right compartment 301R. Furthermore, other types of magnet configurations may be considered in place of the first and second stationary bar magnets 327 and 307. The two exposed coil terminals 305A and 305B can be used to electrically connect to an electrical load for any useful purpose.

[0083] like Figure 3As shown in exploded perspective view 302exp, which is an exemplary embodiment of the energy harvesting generator, a base base 301 is fitted with a coil winder 303 and its wire windings 305. The coil winder 303 has a central rectangular through-hole surrounding a central protrusion 325, the purpose of which is to hold and enclose the rotating magnet 321 and its central through-shaft 319, which protrudes at the left side 319A and the opposite right side 319B. Also mounted above the coil winder 303 and held on the left side stationary magnet compartment 301L and the opposite right side stationary magnet compartment 301R is a slider guide 311. The slider guide has an end arch wall 311W, which is a stop for the slider 315 and the disk magnet 317 on which it is mounted and fixed. At opposite ends, there are two stationary magnet compartments: a first left compartment 301L for holding a first stationary bar magnet 327, and a second right compartment 301R for holding a second bar magnet 307. A freely rotating magnet 321, along with its protruding through-shafts 319A and 319B, is housed within a rotating magnet cover protrusion 325 and held within the cover protrusion 325 by a lower cover 309 with two opposite end-shaft support protrusions (i.e., a first support protrusion 309A and a second support protrusion 309B). The end terminals 305A and 305B of the two exposed coil windings 305 can be electrically connected to an electrical load for any useful purpose.

[0084] In some implementations, the energy harvesting generator may have a stationary magnet. Figure 4A An exploded perspective view 302x1 showing an exemplary embodiment of an energy harvesting generator, the energy harvesting generator including... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The components shown are the same as those described above for the energy harvesting generator 300, but unlike the description, this energy harvesting generator may consist only of a stationary bar magnet 327 disposed outside the coil winding 305. However, in some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown and described above, the energy harvesting generator may include both a first stationary bar magnet 327 and a second stationary bar magnet 307 arranged opposite to the first stationary bar magnet 327. Figure 4B An exploded perspective view 302x2 of an energy harvesting generator is shown, illustrating a first stationary bar magnet 327 and a second stationary bar magnet 307. In some embodiments, the energy harvesting generator may not have stationary magnets. Figure 4C An exploded perspective view 302x3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an energy harvesting generator, which includes... Figure 2 and Figure 3The components shown and described above are the same as those of the energy harvesting generator 300, but the difference is that the energy harvesting generator does not include any of the stationary bar magnets 327, 307 disposed outside the coil winding 305.

[0085] Figure 5 A perspective view 304A of a coil winder 303 of a generator 300 is shown, which has both a top central notch and a bottom central notch 323w for guiding wires to the end terminals of the coil winding. In this embodiment utilizing a coil winding, a coil winder is used, but the coil embodiment itself is not limited to a coil winder; some coil types do not have a usable physical winder structure, and these types consist only of winding wires without a winder. In some embodiments of this subject matter, a substrate with conductive nanomaterials can be used instead of the winding wires to achieve a similar effect.

[0086] Figure 6AThe illustration shows the use of a slider magnet (e.g., the initial movement of the fixed disk magnet 317 described above) in some embodiments of this subject matter. As shown, a slider 315 containing the disk magnet 317 is pushed from its first initial state at a central position 315C1 above a magnetically fixed, rotatable cylindrical magnet 321 having its central axis x1 and opposite ends 319A and 319B, and moves along direction m1 to a second distal resting position 315L1, where the slider 315 and its disk magnet 317 are positioned above a stationary magnet (e.g., a first stationary magnet 327). During this movement, the centrally rotatable magnet 321, under the influence of the magnetic field of the moving disk magnet 317 attracting each other, generates a rotational torque on the cylindrical rotating magnet 321 through a velocity characteristic vector moving m1 in a constant forward direction toward the first stationary magnet 327. This velocity vector characteristic value changes linearly immediately and determines the rate and duration of the counterclockwise rotation of the cylindrical magnet 321. The rotation of the cylindrical magnet 321 around its central axis x1 causes the south pole r1 and the north pole r2 to rearrange from their south-pointing positions upwards to positions with increasingly larger counterclockwise angles, approaching the rotational reversal of the north and south poles. During the time the rotatable magnet 321 rotates around the central axis x1 with its axes 319A and 319B, the magnetic flux lines of the rotatable magnet 321 impart a time-rate change in the magnetic flux in the coil, immediately inducing a voltage at the end connection of the coil. This initial action, which immediately moves the slider 315 from the central position 315C1 to the stop position 315L1, results in a field force that couples the magnetic fields of the disk magnet 317 and the rotating magnet 321, decreasing in inverse cube proportion to the distance between their respective attracting poles. When the sliding disk magnet 317 reaches its final position 315L1, the combination and magnetic force of the sliding disk magnet 317 and the first stationary magnet 327 on the rotating magnet 321 establish a new equilibrium angular resting position for the rotating magnet 321. Since the rotating magnet 321 has mass and therefore a moment of inertia, the kinetic energy caused by the angular velocity of the rotating magnet 321 induces a damped alternating oscillation around the final equilibrium position until it finally reaches... Figure 6A The static equilibrium state shown indicates that the south pole of the rotating magnet 321, denoted by "S", is oriented downwards. The induced voltage at the coil terminals will be a damped oscillating waveform similar to the damped oscillating angular motion of the rotating magnet 321.

[0087] Figure 6B As shown Figure 6A The description of the second action of the slider magnet 315 shown, wherein the slider 315 moves from its initial position 315L2 (which can correspond to...) Figure 6AThe slider 315L1 (shown) is pushed from its initial position away from the central rotating magnet 321 with its central axis x1 and opposite ends 319A and 319B, and moves along direction m2 to a stationary position 315C2, where the slider 315 and its disk magnet 317 are positioned above the rotating magnet 321. During this action, the central rotatable magnet 321, under the influence of the magnetic field of the moving m2 disk magnet 317 attracting each other, generates a rotational torque on the cylindrical rotating magnet 321 through the characteristic vector of its constant backward movement m2 toward the rotating magnet 321. The characteristic value of the rotating magnet's velocity vector changes linearly immediately and determines the speed and duration of the clockwise rotation of the cylindrical magnet 321. This rotation of the cylindrical magnet 321 around its opposite end axes 319A and 319B causes the north pole r2 and south pole r1 to rearrange from a south-facing downward vertical position to a position with an increasingly larger clockwise angle, approaching a south-facing upward vertical position. During the time it takes for the rotatable magnet 321 to rotate about the central axis x1 with its axes 319A and 319B, the magnetic flux lines of the rotatable magnet 321 pass through the coil at right angles, causing a time-rate change in the magnetic flux in the coil and immediately inducing a voltage at the end connection of the coil. This second reverse action, moving the slider 315 from position 315L2 to position 315C2, results in a field force that couples the magnetic fields of the disk magnet 317 and the rotating magnet 321, decreasing in inverse cube proportion to the distance between their respective attracting poles. As the sliding disk magnet 317 is in position 315C2, the magnetic attraction between the sliding disk magnet 317 and the rotating magnet 321, which are in close proximity to each other, dominates the magnetic influence on the first stationary magnet 327. This strong mutual attraction establishes a resting position with an equilibrium angle for the rotating magnet 321. Since the rotating magnet 321 has mass and therefore a moment of inertia, the kinetic energy induced by the angular velocity of the rotating magnet 321 causes a damped alternating oscillation around the final equilibrium position, until it finally reaches... Figure 6B The static equilibrium state shown indicates that the south pole of the rotating magnet 321, denoted by "S", is oriented towards the sliding disk magnet 317. The induced voltage at the coil terminal will be a damped oscillating waveform similar to the damped oscillating angular motion of the rotating magnet 321.

[0088] Figure 6C This is an explanation of the third type of action, including, for example... Figure 6AThe slider magnet 315 shown is pushed from its initial position 315C3 above the rotating magnet 321 and moves along direction m3 to a stationary position 315R1, where the slider 315 and its disk magnet 317 are positioned above the second stationary magnet 307. During this action, the centrally rotatable magnet 321, under the influence of the magnetic field of the moving m3 disk magnet 317 attracting each other, generates a rotational torque on the cylindrical rotating magnet 321 through its velocity characteristic vector moving in a constant forward direction m3 toward the second stationary magnet 307. The characteristic value of its velocity vector changes linearly immediately, determining the clockwise rotation of the cylindrical magnet 321. This rotation of the rotating magnet 321 around its central axis x1 causes the south pole r1 and the north pole r3 to rearrange from their vertical positions upward from the south pole to positions with increasingly larger clockwise angles, approaching the rotational inversion of the north and south poles. During the time it takes for the rotatable magnet 321 to rotate about the reference axis x1 with its axes 319A and 319B, the magnetic flux lines of the rotatable magnet 321 pass through the coil at right angles, causing a time-varying rate of change of magnetic flux in the coil, and immediately inducing a voltage at the end connection of the coil. The result of this first action of immediately moving the slider from position 315C3 to the stationary position 315R1 is the generation of a field force in the mutually coupled magnetic field of the sliding disk magnet 317 and the rotating magnet 321, which decreases to an inverse cube ratio of the distance between their associated attractive magnetic poles. When the moving disk magnet 317 reaches its final position 315R1, the combined and magnetic forces of the sliding disk magnet 317, the second stationary magnet 307, and the first stationary magnet 327 on the rotating magnet 321 establish a new equilibrium angle stationary position for the rotating magnet 321. Since the rotating magnet 321 has mass and therefore a moment of inertia, the kinetic energy induced by the angular velocity of 321 causes a damped alternating oscillation around the final equilibrium position, until it finally reaches... Figure 6C The static equilibrium state shown has the south pole of the rotating magnet 321, denoted by "S", oriented substantially downwards. The induced voltage at the coil terminals will be a damped oscillating waveform similar to the damped oscillating angular motion of the rotating magnet 321.

[0089] Figures 6A to 6C The polarity of the magnets shown and described herein is determined by Figures 6A to 6C The "N" and "S" symbols shown represent this. The north pole of each magnet is represented by the region labeled "N" for that magnet, while the south pole of each magnet is represented by the region labeled "S" for that magnet. Figure 6AAs shown, when slider 315 is in position 315C1, the north pole of sliding disk magnet 317 is oriented substantially towards rotating magnet 321, while the south pole of sliding disk magnet 317 is substantially away from rotating magnet 321. As shown, when slider 315 is in position 315L1, the north pole of sliding disk magnet 317 is oriented substantially towards first stationary magnet 327, the south pole of sliding disk magnet 317 is substantially away from first stationary magnet 327, the north pole of first stationary magnet 327 is substantially away from sliding disk magnet 317, and the south pole of first stationary magnet 327 is substantially towards sliding disk magnet 317. Figure 6B As shown, when slider 315 is in position 315C2, the south pole of rotating magnet 321 is oriented substantially towards sliding disk magnet 317, the north pole of rotating magnet 321 is oriented substantially away from sliding disk magnet 317, the north pole of sliding disk magnet 317 is oriented substantially towards rotating magnet 321, and the south pole of sliding disk magnet is oriented substantially away from rotating magnet 321. Figure 6C As shown, when slider 315 is in position 315R1, the north pole of the second stationary magnet 307 is substantially opposite to the orientation of the sliding disk magnet 317, the south pole of the second stationary magnet 307 is substantially towards the sliding disk magnet 317, the north pole of the sliding disk magnet 317 is substantially towards the second stationary magnet 307, and the south pole of the sliding disk magnet 317 is substantially opposite to the orientation of the second stationary magnet 307. In some embodiments of this subject matter, Figures 6A to 6C The magnetic poles of one or more of the first stationary magnet 327 (if present in an embodiment), the second stationary magnet 307 (if present in an embodiment), the sliding magnet 317, and the rotating magnet 321 shown and described herein may be reversed or inverted in various combinations (e.g., from north to south, and from south to north).

[0090] like Figures 6A to 6C As shown, the magnetic polarities of the first and second stationary magnets 327, 307 and the sliding disk magnet 317 are substantially the same relative to each other. However, in some embodiments, the orientation of the polarities of one or more of the stationary magnets 327, 307 and the sliding disk magnet 317 can be modified so that the magnetic poles of one or more of the magnets are not substantially the same relative to each other. Figure 6D An exemplary embodiment of this subject matter is illustrated, characterized in that the stationary magnet has this modified magnetic polarity. Figure 6D The embodiments shown are substantially similar to those described herein and Figures 2 to 4B The embodiment of the energy harvesting generator 300 shown herein may incorporate some or all of the components used in the energy harvesting generator 300 described herein. However, as shown in the figure, Figure 6DOne embodiment utilizes a stationary magnet 327' having magnetic poles offset by 90 degrees relative to the sliding disk magnet 317. In this exemplary configuration, the south pole of the stationary magnet 327' is oriented substantially toward the rotating magnet 321, while the north pole of the stationary magnet 327' is oriented substantially away from the rotating magnet 321. In a first state, where the slider 315 and the sliding disk magnet 317 are in position 315C1, in which the sliding disk magnet 317 and the slider 315 are positioned above the rotating magnet 321, the north pole of the sliding disk magnet 317 is oriented substantially toward the south pole of the rotating magnet 321, the south pole of the sliding disk magnet 317 is oriented substantially away from the rotating magnet 321, and the north pole of the rotating magnet is oriented substantially away from the sliding disk magnet 317. As slider 315 moves between positions 315C1 and 315L1 (where, at position 315L1, sliding disk magnet 317 is positioned above stationary magnet 327'), the interaction of the magnetic fields generated by sliding disk magnet 317 and rotating magnet 321 causes rotating magnet 321 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the south pole of rotating magnet 321 begins to align with the south pole of stationary magnet 327', thereby generating a repulsive force that exerts a torque on rotating magnet 321 opposite to the repulsive force generated by the movement of sliding disk magnet 317. When this occurs, the interaction of the magnetic fields generated by rotating magnet 321 and stationary magnet 327 causes rotating magnet 321 to rotate clockwise in a snap action as sliding disk magnet 317 continues to traverse to the left to 315L1, so that the north pole of rotating magnet 321 begins to be attracted by the south pole of 327 and provides dominant magnetic flux coupling. When the sliding disk magnet 317 is stationary at position 315L1, the interaction between the rotating magnet 321 and the first stationary magnet 327 is dominant, and they will... Figure 6D As shown in the figure, the rotating magnet 321 is stationary at the angular equilibrium position. Since the rotating magnet 321 has mass and therefore a moment of inertia, the kinetic energy induced by the angular velocity of 321 causes a damped alternating oscillation around the final equilibrium position until it finally reaches... Figure 6D The static equilibrium state is shown. During this repositioning process due to the movement of slider 315 (and sliding disk magnet 317) to 315L1, the angular velocity of rotating magnet 321 will induce a voltage at the terminals of the coils arranged around rotating magnet 321 (e.g., coil winding 305 and first and second terminals 305A, 305B). The induced voltage at the coil terminals is a damped oscillating waveform, which corresponds to the velocity of rotating magnet 321 during its movement and its damped oscillating angular motion when it reaches a static position.

[0091] Figure 7AThis is a two-dimensional illustration of a computer simulation created using a program called "Vizimag." The simulation is based on a computer simulation of a static (e.g., without movement of the slider magnet 317) magnetic field pattern of the distance between relevant magnets of typical Gaussian strength used in an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter concerning magnetomotive force transfer. This embodiment utilizes a first stationary magnet 327, a rotating cylindrical magnet magnetized diametrically and along its axes (319A and 319B, as shown in the diagram). Figure 11 (As shown) it can rotate freely about its axis x1. In addition to this magnet assembly, there is a sliding magnet 317, which is shown in its resting position (e.g., before being triggered) 317a. Figures 6A to 6C As shown, the slidable magnet 317 is housed within the slider component (e.g., Figure 9B (as shown), and once slider 315 is activated, the slidable magnet can move along slider guide 311 (as shown). Figures 8A-8B As shown, it slides freely, and the sliding motion is controlled by the double slider flow channel guide 339s (as shown). Figures 9A-9B (as shown) and flow channel guide channel 331 (as shown) Figures 8A-8B Excited by mechanical communication between (as shown).

[0092] In this static state of the exemplary pre-initialized embodiment, the slider magnet 317 is positioned near the rotating magnet 321 and is stationary, and the magnetic attraction pole arrangement between the two magnets provides a strong concentrated magnetic field MF1, which is present at the location of these near-end magnets. There are also numerous magnetic field lines penetrating and surrounding the coil 305. In this configuration, the magnetic field lines are static in these regions FA1a and FA2a (e.g., no magnet movement) and are essentially three-dimensional volumes. For static magnetic field lines, it is conventional to refer to them as magnetic field lines, and when the field lines are in motion, they are referred to as magnetic flux lines.

[0093] exist Figure 7A The exemplary embodiment shown features a single stationary magnet 327, which, together with the rotating magnet 321, establishes covering magnetic fields FA1a and FA2a throughout the coil winding. In the non-moving static state, the established magnetic fields FA1a and FA2a remain static until any pushing action is performed on the slider mechanism 315 together with its positioned disk magnet 317 located near the upper end of the rotating magnet 321x, and there is no electromagnetic effect of changing magnetic flux lines throughout the coil winding, thus no electricity is generated.

[0094] Figure 7BThis is a two-dimensional illustration created using "Vizimag," representing a computer simulation of the magnetic field pattern of a generator in a state representing the "ON" state of the device. (If this topic is used as a battery-free and wireless remote control switch), where slider 315 (see...) Figure 9A ) and its mounted disk magnet 317b (see Figure 9B The slider is pushed forward (by external force) to be positioned above the stationary magnet 327. A strong concentrated magnetic field MF2 exists, which keeps the slider and magnet in equilibrium near the stationary magnet 327 until a thrust moves them back to the center position, and this represents the OFF state (if this subject is adopted as a battery-free and wireless remote control switch).

[0095] Figure 7B This describes a state in which an exemplary embodiment employing a single stationary magnet 327 is propelled by an external force to trigger the creation of varying magnetic fluxes FA1b and FA2b throughout the coil winding 305 and cause the rotating magnet 321y to rotate counterclockwise as the mechanism behind the varying magnetic fluxes FA1b and FA2b. The sliding magnet 317 moves to a proximal position above the stationary magnet 327 and remains stationary by means of the mutually concentrated attractive magnetic field MF2 of the stationary magnet 327 and the sliding magnet 317. This action now positions the sliding magnet 317 away from the rotating magnet 321. The sliding magnet 317 translates to... Figure 7B The position shown causes the rotating magnet 321 to oscillate, and the oscillation establishes a voltage sensed at the end terminals 305A and 305B of the coil winding 305.

[0096] Figure 7C This is a two-dimensional illustration of a computer simulation created using "Vizimag," which is a computer simulation of the magnetic field pattern of another embodiment of the generator, wherein a first stationary magnet 327 is disposed at a first end of the coil winding 305 and an additional second stationary magnet 307 is disposed at the opposite end of the coil 305. As shown, in this configuration, a movable disk magnet 317 is located at position 317a above the rotatable cylindrical magnet 321, which is rotatable about its axis x1 on its axes 319A and 319B (see reference). Figure 11 ), and the mutual attractive magnetic field between the rotatable cylindrical magnet 321x and the disk magnet 317 disposed within the slider 315 (e.g. Figure 11 As shown in the diagram). In the described pre-triggered (without being propelled by any force) state, a strong mutually attractive magnetic field MF1 exists between the disk magnet 317a and the rotatable cylindrical magnet 321x, which is magnetized in diameter and can be magnetized along its axis (as shown in the diagram). Figure 11The magnetic field lines (319A and 319B shown) can rotate freely about their axis x1. There are also some magnetic field lines permeating and surrounding the coil 305, where in these regions FA1a and FA2a, the magnetic field lines are static (e.g., without movement), and they are essentially three-dimensional volumes. For static magnetic field lines, it is conventional to call them field lines of magnetic force, while when the field lines are in motion, they are called flux lines of magnetic force. Therefore, during the static period, there is no movement, and no change in the magnetic field regions FA1a and FA2a permeating through the coil winding, and therefore no change at the ends of the coil winding 305A and 305B (as shown). Figure 3 The induced voltage established at (shown).

[0097] exist Figure 7C The exemplary embodiment shown is characterized by two opposing stationary magnets 327 and 307 located on opposite sides of the coil winding 305, with both near the coil winding 305 at their respective magnetic attraction poles and away from each other's magnetic attraction poles. In the non-triggered state (without an applied pushing force), the disk magnet 317 is near the upper end of the rotating magnet 321, and a strong concentrated magnetic field exists between the disk magnet 317 and the rotating magnet 321. The rotating magnet's pole arrangement is south pole facing upwards and its north pole facing downwards; it is attracted to the same pole arrangement of the disk magnet 317, which is south pole facing upwards and its north pole facing downwards. Since there is no change in state, there is no change in magnetic flux and no induced voltage at the output terminals 305A and 305B.

[0098] Figure 7D This is a two-dimensional illustration created using "Vizimag" that depicts slider 315 (see...). Figure 2 The second stationary magnet 307 has been pushed in the direction of the second stationary magnet 307. The triggering action of the slider 315 and its mounted disk magnet 317 changes the magnetic flux density and direction of the entire coil winding, and the sample enclosure area of ​​the coil volume has magnetic flux lines passing through the coil winding at right angles. Therefore, according to Faraday's law, a voltage is induced that is mathematically determined by the time derivative of the change in the number of turns of the winding and the magnetic flux density. (Faraday's law V) induced = -NΔΦ / Δt, assuming that when the magnetic flux changes by ΔΦ over time Δt, the induced voltage (electromotive force) is proportional to the number of turns and the time derivative of the magnetic flux Φ, where Φ is a vector. If a voltage (emf - electromotive force) is induced in a coil, N is the number of turns in the coil. The minus sign indicates that the voltage (emf - electromotive force) creates a current I in a closed loop, which produces a magnetic field B, which is opposed to the change in magnetic flux ΔΦ (this opposition is known as Lenz's law).

[0099] Figure 7DThe sliding magnet 317 is pushed (with the aid of external force) to the right of the rotating magnet 321 (as shown in the figure), causing the cylindrical magnet 321 to rotate. The sliding magnet 317... Figure 7D The translational motion at the indicated position causes the rotating magnet 321 to oscillate, which establishes a voltage at the coil terminals 305A and 305B.

[0100] Figure 7D The following state is described, in which the disk magnet 317 of an exemplary embodiment of a generator employing two stationary magnets 327 and 307 has been moved to a position above the second stationary magnet 307. The movement of the generator components includes the disk magnet 317 moving from its proximal center position (at...) Figure 7C The disc magnet 317 and the rotatable cylindrical magnet 321, which are observed to have a strong mutually attractive magnetic field MF1, immediately move to the right end, where the disc magnet 317 is away from the rotating cylindrical magnet 321 and above the second stationary magnet 307, where a strong attractive magnetic field MF2 now exists. During this change of state, there is a significant change in the magnetic flux lines FA1b and FA2b that permeate through the coil 305, and voltages are induced at the coil terminals 305A and 305B according to Faraday's law.

[0101] Figure 8A A perspective view 306A of the slider guide 311 is shown, in which the elongated structure 313 has been fitted with the slider 315 (and its fitted disk magnet 317) and slides freely along the side rail guide 331, and the arch wall 311W is used to stop the slider 315 at the end of its stroke during the pushing motion of the slider 315.

[0102] Figure 8B This is a perspective view 306B of the slider guide 311 from the bottom side, showing a pair of protrusions 329p at opposite ends of the slider for insertion into the track at the top of the coil winder 303. Each of these pairs of protrusions 329p is configured to engage with matching holes in the two oppositely positioned stationary magnet enclosures 301L and 301R.

[0103] Figure 9A A top perspective view 308A of slider 315 is shown. As shown, slider 315 includes a raised surface 343s for applying finger pressure, inner surface guide gap protrusions 337r and 337l, as shown, the inner surface guide gap protrusions and... Figures 8A to 8B The lower inner surface 333 of the flow channel guide shown is mechanically connected. As shown, the slider 315 also includes a top protrusion 335t disposed on the side protrusions 341 located on opposite sides of the slider 315. The top protrusion can contact the sealing cap to reduce friction during the movement of the slider 315, rather than increasing the size of the structure by increasing friction.

[0104] Figure 9B The bottom perspective view 308B of slider 315 is illustrated. As shown, slider 315 includes a structure of bumps 335u arranged on the bottom surface area of ​​the disk magnet 317 to reduce friction. This arrangement reduces friction along (in) Figures 8A to 8B Friction during sliding of the slender structure 313 (top). The side rails 339s are adapted for movement and are positioned... Figures 8A to 8B On both sides of the flow channel track side guide 331 shown.

[0105] Figure 10A A top perspective view 310A of a base base 345T for a generator is shown. This base base consists of a flat base plane 301 and left and right stationary magnet enclosures 301R and 301L. Each stationary magnet enclosure has two f-shaped sections for (e.g.) Figure 8B (As shown) The flow channel track fitting 329p has a through hole 329s. There is a solid, centrally located rectangular protrusion 325 with a rectangular through hole 325w and a sealing area, the volume of which is smaller than the volume of the centrally located solid rectangular protrusion 325. Coil winder 303 (as shown) Figure 2 (As shown) is inserted into and attached to the rectangular solid protrusion to provide support and allow maximum access to stationary magnets 327 and 307 when any one or both magnets are used in the exemplary embodiments described and shown herein.

[0106] Figure 10B A bottom perspective view 310B of the base substrate 345B is shown, illustrating the bottom side of the through-hole protrusion 325w, which includes two blind plate extrusions 325c1 and 325c2, in which two opposite end shafts 319A and 319B of the rotating cylindrical magnet 321 are disposed to allow the cylindrical magnet 321 ( Figure 11 (As shown) It can rotate freely by 360 degrees. Figure 10B As shown, the base body 345B has two through holes 391A and 391B for the end terminal wires 305A and 305B of the coil winding 305 to pass through, and also has two extrusion parts 393A and 393B, which serve as wire guides for the coil end wires 305A and 305B, respectively.

[0107] exist Figure 11The diagram shows multiple views of a rotatable magnet 321, including a front view 312A, a side view 312B, and a perspective view 312C. As shown in the front view 312A of the cylindrical magnet 321, the magnet 321 is a neodymium cylindrical magnet with a solid non-magnetic metal rod 319 positioned along the axis x1 of the cylindrical magnet and passing through the center of the cylindrical magnet. The non-magnetic metal rod 319 extends equivalently beyond the length of the cylindrical magnet (which is diametrically polarized across its diameter), thus providing two oppositely oriented rotational support shafts 319A and 319B. Figure 11 As further shown, side view 312B illustrates the magnetic poles of the cylindrical magnet 321 polarized in diameter; and also includes Figure 11 In the perspective view 312C, a cylindrical magnet with its built-in shafts 319A and 319B is present, without a separate enclosure to support the magnet lacking a rotation axis. Including the properly positioned non-magnetic metal rod 319 allows for faster manufacturing and provides a closer proximity between the magnet and the coil winding 305; because the magnetic field changes to the inverse cube of the distance between the coil and the magnet (in air), the overall power performance of this subject is optimized.

[0108] Figure 12A The slider is pushed from the center position to the end position (see...) Figure 6A The typical measurement output waveform during this period is shown. The oscilloscope waveform displays an initial large positive voltage spike 402, followed by a negative pulse for the measurement time along a horizontal baseline of zero-volt reference 403, producing a value of +30.4 volts pp 405, and a rapid ring-down of the alternating waveform within a useful duration 401 as the cylindrical magnet rotates bidirectionally for several cycles after the push is complete. This initial pulse has a useful window of 6 milliseconds based on the minimum oscilloscope trigger level tl1 of +3.4 volts DC. Then, a second negative pulse 404 for the second cycle has an effective window of approximately 4 milliseconds, and finally a third, smaller positive pulse 406, also giving a 4-millisecond window. Thus, a significant generated voltage is available to supply power to the load within a duration of 14 milliseconds.

[0109] exist Figure 12B In the middle, the slider is pushed from the end position to the center position (see...). Figure 6BThe typical measured output waveform during this period is shown. The oscilloscope waveforms show an initial large negative voltage spike 408, measured against a horizontal baseline along a zero-volt reference 403, producing a value of -30.4 volts (pp 405). After the initial push, the alternating waveform rapidly decays within a useful duration of several cycles of bidirectional rotation of the cylindrical magnet, within an effective window of 401. Based on the minimum oscilloscope trigger level tl2 of -3.4 volts DC, this provides a useful window of 6 milliseconds for the initial pulse. Then, for the second positive pulse 410 of the second cycle, its effective window is approximately 4 milliseconds, and finally, a third, smaller negative pulse 412, which also gives a 4-millisecond window. Thus, within a duration of 14 milliseconds, a significant generated voltage is available to supply power to the load.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand further features and advantages of the present invention based on the above embodiments. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to what has been specifically shown and described, except as pointed out in the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Claims

1. An electric generator, comprising: A multi-turn wire forming a coil, the multi-turn wire having a first terminal and a second terminal; A first magnet positioned in the coil, the first magnet having an axis of rotation and being rotatable within the coil about the axis of rotation; A focusing magnet positioned around the coil; as well as An actuator, movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to the outer surface of the first magnet, is configured such that, when the actuator moves from a first position aligned with the first magnet to a second position aligned with the focusing magnet, the actuator causes the first magnet to rotate from a first stationary position to an extreme position established by the actuator and the focusing magnet. The first magnet is configured to oscillate before reaching a second stationary position, thereby inducing a voltage across the first terminal and the second terminal through the rotation of the first magnet and the interaction between the first magnet and the magnetic fields of the focusing magnet and the actuator.

2. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the focusing magnet is configured to hold the actuator in the second position.

3. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the actuator includes an actuator magnet having a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a first orientation, and wherein the focusing magnet has a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation is different from the second orientation.

4. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the actuator includes an actuator magnet having a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a first orientation, and wherein the focusing magnet has a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation is the same as the second orientation.

5. The electric generator according to claim 4, wherein when the actuator is in the second position, the north pole of the actuator magnet faces the south pole of the focusing magnet, or when the actuator is in the second position, the south pole of the actuator magnet faces the north pole of the focusing magnet.

6. The electric generator of claim 4, wherein the actuator includes an actuator magnet having a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a first orientation, and wherein the focusing magnet has a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation and the second orientation are offset by 90 degrees.

7. The electric generator of claim 6, wherein one of the south or north poles of the focusing magnet faces the first magnet.

8. The electric generator according to claim 1, wherein the focusing magnet is rotatable.

9. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the actuator is configured such that, when the actuator moves from the second position to the first position, the actuator causes repetitive oscillations of the first magnet, thereby inducing a voltage across the first terminal and the second terminal through the rotation of the first magnet and the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic fields of one or more of the focusing magnet and the actuator.

10. The electric generator according to claim 1, further comprising a second focusing magnet, the second focusing magnet being positioned relative to the focusing magnet around the coil.

11. The electric generator of claim 10, wherein the actuator is configured such that when the actuator moves from a second position aligned with the focusing magnet to the first position and to a third position aligned with the second focusing magnet, the actuator causes repetitive oscillation of the first magnet, thereby inducing a voltage across the first terminal and the second terminal through the rotation of the first magnet and the interaction of the magnetic fields of the first magnet with one or more of the focusing magnet, the second focusing magnet, and the actuator.

12. The electric generator of claim 11, wherein the second focusing magnet is configured to hold the actuator in the third position.

13. The electric generator of claim 10, wherein the actuator includes an actuator magnet having a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a first orientation, and wherein the focusing magnet and the second focusing magnet each have a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation is different from the second orientation.

14. The electric generator of claim 10, wherein the actuator includes an actuator magnet having a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a first orientation, and wherein the focusing magnet and the second focusing magnet each have a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation is the same as the second orientation.

15. The electric generator of claim 14, wherein when the actuator is in the second position, the north pole of the actuator magnet faces the south pole of the focusing magnet, or when the actuator is in the second position, the south pole of the actuator magnet faces the north pole of the focusing magnet.

16. The electric generator of claim 10, wherein the actuator includes an actuator magnet having a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a first orientation, and wherein the focusing magnet and the second focusing magnet each have a north pole and an opposite south pole arranged in a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation and the second orientation are offset by 90 degrees.

17. The electric generator according to claim 10, wherein the first magnet, the focusing magnet, and the second focusing magnet are aligned in a common plane.

18. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the multi-turn wire, the first magnet and the focusing magnet are disposed in a substrate, and wherein the actuator is coupled to the substrate.

19. The electric generator of claim 18, wherein the actuator includes at least one bump positioned to contact the substrate and reduce friction between the actuator and the substrate as the actuator moves from the first position to the second position.

20. An electric generator, comprising: A nanomaterial matrix having a first terminal and a second terminal; A first magnet positioned in the nanomaterial matrix, the first magnet having a rotation axis and being rotatable about the rotation axis within the nanomaterial matrix; A focusing magnet positioned around the nanomaterial matrix; as well as An actuator, movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to the outer surface of the first magnet, is configured such that, when the actuator moves from a first position aligned with the first magnet to a second position aligned with the focusing magnet, the actuator causes the first magnet to rotate from a first stationary position to an extreme position established by the actuator and the focusing magnet. The first magnet is configured to oscillate before reaching a resting position at the second resting position, thereby inducing a voltage across the first terminal and the second terminal through the rotation of the first magnet and the interaction of the first magnet with the magnetic fields of one or more of the focusing magnet and the actuator.

21. The electric generator of claim 20, wherein the focusing magnet is configured to hold the actuator in the second position.

22. An electric generator, comprising: A multi-turn wire forming a coil, the multi-turn wire having a first terminal and a second terminal; A first magnet positioned in the coil, the first magnet having an axis of rotation and being rotatable within the coil about the axis of rotation; as well as An actuator, movable relative to the first magnet in a direction tangential to the outer surface of the first magnet, is configured such that, when the actuator moves from a first position aligned with the first magnet to a second position not aligned with the first magnet, the actuator causes the first magnet to rotate from a first stationary position to a limit position. The first magnet is configured to oscillate before reaching a second stationary position, thereby inducing a voltage across the first terminal and the second terminal through the rotation of the first magnet and the interaction between the first magnet and the magnetic field of the actuator.

Images