Thermal management systems for transferring heat between fluids

Abstract

A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids includes a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows. Furthermore, the system includes a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the bus such that heat is added to the fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger. Furthermore, the system includes a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the bus such that heat is removed from the fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers. Furthermore, the system includes a bypass conduit fluidically coupled to the bus such that the bypass conduit allows the fluid to bypass one of the heat source heat exchangers or one of the radiator heat exchangers. Furthermore, the system includes a valve configured to control the flow of the fluid through the bypass conduit based on the pressure of the fluid within the bus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to thermal management systems and, more particularly, to thermal management systems for transferring heat between fluids, such as between fluids that support the operation of an aircraft. Background Art

[0002] Aircraft typically include various accessory systems that support the operation of the aircraft and / or its gas turbine engines. For example, such accessory systems may include a lubrication system that lubricates engine components, an engine cooling system that provides cooling air to engine components, an environmental control system that provides cooling air to the aircraft cabin, and the like. Consequently, during operation of these accessory systems, heat is added to or removed from the fluid (e.g., oil, air, etc.).

[0003] To facilitate this heat addition / removal, the aircraft includes one or more heat exchangers operatively associated with each accessory system. Because each heat exchanger is dedicated to a specific accessory system, the heat exchanger must be designed to accommodate the maximum heat addition / removal required by its corresponding system. This configuration can result in inefficient use of heat exchangers. For example, this configuration can result in some heat exchangers operating at maximum capacity while others operate at nominal capacity (or not at all).

[0004] In this regard, thermal management systems have been developed in which the heat exchangers of multiple accessory systems are fluidly coupled together. In such thermal management systems, when an accessory system imposes a high heat load on its heat exchanger, some of this load can be transferred to heat exchangers associated with other accessory systems with excess capacity. While these thermal management systems perform well, further improvements are needed. For example, during operation, the heat added to or removed from such thermal management systems can, in some cases, cause the pressure of the heat exchange fluids flowing through the various heat exchangers to fall outside the desired pressure range. When this occurs, the thermal management system may operate less efficiently and / or experience accelerated degradation.

[0005] Therefore, improved thermal management systems for transferring heat between fluids would be welcome in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.

[0007] In one aspect, the present subject matter relates to a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids. The thermal management system includes a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows. In addition, the thermal management system includes a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus such that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger. In addition, the thermal management system includes a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus such that heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers. In addition, the thermal management system includes a bypass conduit fluidically coupled to the heat transfer bus such that the bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the one or more radiator heat exchangers in the heat source heat exchanger. In addition, the thermal management system includes a valve configured to control the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass conduit based on a pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus.

[0008] In another aspect, the present subject matter relates to a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids. The thermal management system includes a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows. Furthermore, the thermal management system includes a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus such that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger. Furthermore, the thermal management system includes a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus such that heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger. Furthermore, the thermal management system includes a heat transfer fluid quality control device configured to increase or decrease the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus.

[0009] In another aspect, the present subject matter relates to a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids. The thermal management system includes a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows. Furthermore, the thermal management system includes a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus such that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger. Furthermore, the thermal management system includes a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus such that heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers. Furthermore, the thermal management system includes a third flow path for a gas turbine engine, the third flow path extending from a compressed air flow path upstream of a combustion section of the gas turbine engine to a bypass passage of the gas turbine engine. In this regard, at least one of the plurality of heat exchangers is configured to transfer heat from the heat exchange fluid to air flowing through the third flow path.

[0010] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims.The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] A full and enabling disclosure of the invention, including the best mode thereof, to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth in the specification with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0012] Figure 1 is a side view of one embodiment of an aircraft;

[0013] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a gas turbine engine for an aircraft;

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids;

[0015] Figure 4 is applicable to Figure 3 a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a valve of the illustrated system showing the valve in a closed position;

[0016] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the valve shown in , showing the valve in a closed position;

[0017] Figure 6 is applicable to Figure 3 a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a valve of the illustrated system showing the valve in a closed position;

[0018] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 a schematic diagram of the valve shown, showing the valve in the closed position;

[0019] Figure 8 is applicable to Figure 3 a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a valve of the illustrated system;

[0020] Figure 9 is applicable to Figure 3 a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a valve of the illustrated system;

[0021] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids; and

[0022] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids.

[0023] Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. For example, features shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used together with another embodiment to produce further embodiments. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended to encompass such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0025] As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to indicate the position or importance of each component.

[0026] In addition, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to relative directions of fluid flow in a fluid path. For example, "upstream" refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and "downstream" refers to the direction toward which the fluid flows.

[0027] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the terms "low," "high," or their respective comparatives (e.g., lower, higher, as applicable) each refer to a relative speed within the engine. For example, a "low-pressure turbine" typically operates at a lower pressure than a "high-pressure turbine." Alternatively, unless otherwise specified, the above terms may be understood as referring to the highest level. For example, a "low-pressure turbine" may refer to the turbine with the lowest maximum pressure within a turbine section, and a "high-pressure turbine" may refer to the turbine with the highest maximum pressure within a turbine section.

[0028] Generally speaking, the present subject matter relates to a thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids. As will be described below, the disclosed thermal management system can be used to transfer heat between fluids (e.g., oil, fuel, air, etc.) that support aircraft operations. In several embodiments, the thermal management system includes a heat transfer bus (e.g., a fluid conduit) through which a heat exchange fluid (e.g., a supercritical fluid, such as supercritical carbon dioxide) flows. In addition, the thermal management system includes one or more heat source heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus. Thus, heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger. In addition, the system includes a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus. In this regard, heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the radiator heat exchanger.

[0029] In several embodiments, a thermal management system includes one or more bypass conduits and one or more associated valves. More specifically, in such embodiments, each bypass conduit is fluidly coupled to a heat transfer bus such that the bypass conduit allows a heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the heat exchangers. Furthermore, each valve is configured to control the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the associated bypass conduit based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus. For example, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus exceeds a maximum pressure value, the valve associated with the bypass conduit that allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the source heat exchanger opens. In this case, less heat is added to the heat exchange fluid, thereby lowering the fluid's temperature and, therefore, its pressure. Conversely, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus falls below a minimum pressure value, the valve associated with the bypass conduit that allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the radiator heat exchanger opens. In this case, less heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid, thereby increasing the fluid's temperature and, therefore, its pressure. In this regard, the operation of the valves allows the disclosed thermal management system to maintain the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within a specified range of values ​​as the thermal load imposed on the system varies.

[0030] Furthermore, in several embodiments, the thermal management system includes a heat transfer fluid quality control device fluidically coupled to the heat transfer bus. Typically, the heat transfer fluid quality control device is configured to increase or decrease the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus. For example, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus exceeds a maximum pressure value, the heat transfer fluid quality control device removes the heat exchange fluid from the bus. In this case, the mass of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus is reduced, thereby lowering the temperature and pressure of the fluid. Conversely, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus drops below a minimum pressure value, the heat transfer fluid quality control device adds heat exchange fluid to the bus. In this case, the mass of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus is increased, thereby raising the temperature and pressure of the fluid. Thus, operation of the heat transfer fluid quality control device allows the disclosed thermal management system to maintain the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus within a specified range of values ​​as the thermal load applied to the system varies.

[0031] Referring now to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1is a side view of one embodiment of an aircraft 10. As shown, in several embodiments, aircraft 10 includes a fuselage 12 and a pair of wings 14 (one shown) extending outwardly from fuselage 12. In the illustrated embodiment, a gas turbine engine 100 is supported on each wing 14 to propel the aircraft through the air during flight. Additionally, as shown, aircraft 10 includes a vertical stabilizer 16 and a pair of horizontal stabilizers 18 (one shown). However, in alternative embodiments, aircraft 10 may include any other suitable configuration, such as any other suitable number or type of engines.

[0032] Furthermore, the aircraft 10 may include a thermal management system 200 for transferring heat between fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10. More specifically, the aircraft 10 may include one or more accessory systems configured to support the operation of the aircraft 10. For example, in some embodiments, such accessory systems include a lubrication system that lubricates components of the engine 100, a cooling system that provides cooling air to components of the engine 100, an environmental control system that provides cooling air to the cabin of the aircraft 10, and the like. In such embodiments, the thermal management system 200 is configured to transfer heat from one or more fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10 (e.g., oil of the lubrication system, air of the cooling system and / or environmental control system, and the like) to one or more other fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10 (e.g., fuel supplied to the engine 100). However, in alternative embodiments, the thermal management system 200 may be configured to transfer heat between any other suitable fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10.

[0033] Provide the above and Figure 1 The configuration of the aircraft 10 shown in FIG. 1 is merely to place the subject matter in an exemplary field of use. Thus, the subject matter can be readily adapted for use in any type of aircraft.

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a gas turbine engine 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the engine 100 is configured as a high-bypass turbofan engine. However, in alternative embodiments, the engine 100 may be configured as a propfan engine, a turbojet engine, a turboprop engine, a turboshaft gas turbine engine, or any other suitable type of gas turbine engine.

[0035] Generally, engine 100 extends along an axial centerline 102 and includes a fan 104, a low-pressure (LP) spool 106, and a high-pressure (HP) spool 108, at least partially surrounded by an annular nacelle 110. More specifically, fan 104 may include a fan rotor 112 and a plurality of fan blades 114 (one shown) coupled to fan rotor 112. In this regard, fan blades 114 are circumferentially spaced apart and extend radially outward from fan rotor 112. Furthermore, LP spool 106 and HP spool 108 are positioned downstream of fan 104 along axial centerline 102. As shown, LP spool 106 is rotatably coupled to fan rotor 112, thereby allowing LP spool 106 to rotate fan 114. Furthermore, a plurality of outlet guide vanes or struts 116 are circumferentially spaced apart from one another and extend radially between a casing 118 surrounding LP spool 106 and HP spool 108 and nacelle 110. As such, struts 116 support nacelle 110 relative to outer shell 118 such that outer shell 118 and nacelle 110 define a bypass airflow passage 120 positioned therebetween.

[0036] The casing 118 generally surrounds or encloses, in a series flow order, a compressor section 122, a combustion section 124, a turbine section 126, and an exhaust section 128. For example, in some embodiments, the compressor section 122 may include a low-pressure (LP) compressor 130 of the LP spool 106 and a high-pressure (HP) compressor 132 of the HP spool 108, which is located downstream of the LP compressor 130 along the axial centerline 102. Each compressor 130, 132 may also include one or more rows of stator vanes 134 intersecting one or more rows of compressor rotor blades 136. Thus, the compressors 130, 132 define a compressed air flow path 133 extending therethrough. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the turbine section 126 includes a high-pressure (HP) turbine 138 of the HP spool 108 and a low-pressure (LP) turbine 140 of the LP spool 106, with the low-pressure (LP) turbine 140 of the LP spool 106 positioned downstream of the HP turbine 138 along the axial centerline 102. Each turbine 138, 140 may, in turn, include one or more rows of stator vanes 142 intersecting one or more rows of turbine rotor blades 144.

[0037] Furthermore, LP spool 106 includes a low-pressure (LP) shaft 146, and HP spool 108 includes a high-pressure (HP) shaft 148 positioned concentrically about LP shaft 146. In such an embodiment, HP shaft 148 rotatably couples rotor blades 144 of HP turbine 138 and rotor blades 136 of HP compressor 132, such that rotation of HP turbine rotor blades 144 rotatably drives HP compressor rotor blades 136. As shown, LP shaft 146 is directly coupled to rotor blades 144 of LP turbine 140 and rotor blades 136 of LP compressor 130. Furthermore, LP shaft 146 is coupled to fan 104 via gearbox 150. In this regard, rotation of LP turbine rotor blades 144 rotatably drives LP compressor rotor blades 136 and fan blades 114.

[0038] In several embodiments, engine 100 can generate thrust to propel an aircraft. More specifically, during operation, air (indicated by arrow 152) enters an inlet section 154 of engine 100. Fan 104 supplies a first portion of air 152 (indicated by arrow 156) to bypass airflow passage 120 and a second portion of air 152 (indicated by arrow 158) to compressor section 122. Second portion 158 of air 152 first flows through LP compressor 130, where rotor blades 136 gradually compress second portion 158 of air 152. Next, second portion 158 of air 152 flows through HP compressor 132, where rotor blades 136 continue to gradually compress second portion 158 of air 152. This compressed second portion 158 of air 152 is then delivered to combustion section 124. In combustion section 124, second portion 158 of air 152 is mixed with fuel and combusted to produce high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gases 160. Thereafter, combustion gases 160 flow through HP turbine 138, where HP turbine rotor blades 144 extract a first portion of kinetic and / or thermal energy from the gases. This energy extraction rotates HP shaft 148, thereby driving HP compressor 132. Combustion gases 160 then flow through LP turbine 140, where LP turbine rotor blades 144 extract a second portion of kinetic and / or thermal energy from the gases. This energy extraction rotates LP shaft 146, thereby driving LP compressor 130 and fan 104 via gearbox 150. Combustion gases 160 then exit engine 100 through exhaust section 128.

[0039] As mentioned above, the aircraft 10 may include a thermal management system 200 for transferring heat between fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10. In this regard, the thermal management system 200 may be located within the engine 100. For example, Figure 2As shown, in the illustrated embodiment, the thermal management system 200 is located within the housing 118 of the engine 100. However, in alternative embodiments, the thermal management system 200 may be positioned at any other suitable location within the engine 100.

[0040] Furthermore, in several embodiments, engine 100 defines a tertiary flow path 170. Generally, tertiary flow path 170 extends from the compressed air flow path 170 defined by compressor section 122 to bypass passage 120. In this regard, tertiary flow path 170 allows a portion of compressed air 158 from compressor section 122 to bypass combustion section 124. More specifically, in some embodiments, tertiary flow path 170 may define a concentric or non-concentric passage relative to compressed air flow path 170 downstream of one or more of compressors 130, 132, or fan 104. Tertiary flow path 170 may be configured to selectively remove a portion of compressed air 158 from compressed air flow path 170 via one or more variable guide vanes, nozzles, or other actuatable flow control structures. Furthermore, as will be described below, in some embodiments, thermal management system 200 may transfer heat to the air flowing through tertiary flow path 170.

[0041] Provide the above and Figure 2 The configuration of the gas turbine engine 100 shown in FIG is merely to place the present subject matter in an exemplary field of use. Thus, the present subject matter can be readily adapted to any manner of gas turbine engine configuration, including other types of aviation gas turbine engines, marine gas turbine engines, and / or land-based / industrial gas turbine engines.

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a thermal management system 200 for transferring heat between fluids. In general, the thermal management system 200 will be described above and in Figure 1 and 2 1 and 2. However, the disclosed thermal management system 200 may be implemented in any aircraft having any other suitable configuration and / or any gas turbine engine having any other suitable configuration.

[0043] As shown, thermal management system 200 includes a heat transfer bus 202. Specifically, in some embodiments, heat transfer bus 202 is configured as one or more fluid conduits through which a heat exchange fluid flows. As will be described below, the heat exchange fluid flows through various heat exchangers, such that heat is added to and removed from the heat exchange fluid. In this regard, the heat exchange fluid can be any suitable fluid, such as supercritical carbon dioxide. Furthermore, in such embodiments, thermal management system 200 includes a pump 204 configured to pump the heat exchange fluid through heat transfer bus 202.

[0044] In addition, the thermal management system 200 includes one or more heat source heat exchangers 206 arranged along the heat transfer bus 202. More specifically, the heat source heat exchangers 206 are fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus 202 such that a heat exchange fluid flows through the heat source heat exchangers 206. In this regard, the heat source heat exchangers 206 are configured to transfer heat from a fluid supporting the operation of the aircraft 10 to the heat exchange fluid, thereby cooling the fluid supporting the operation of the aircraft 10. Thus, the heat source heat exchangers 206 add heat to the heat exchange fluid. Although Figure 3 Two heat source heat exchangers 206 are shown, but the thermal management system 200 may include a single heat source heat exchanger 206 or three or more heat source heat exchangers 206 .

[0045] Heat source heat exchangers 206 may correspond to any suitable heat exchangers that cool a fluid supporting the operation of aircraft 10. For example, in one embodiment, at least one of heat exchangers 206 is a heat exchanger of the lubrication system of engine 100. In such an embodiment, the heat exchanger 106 transfers heat from the oil lubricating engine 100 to a heat transfer fluid. In another embodiment, at least one of heat exchangers 206 is a heat exchanger of the cooling system of engine 100. In such an embodiment, the heat exchanger 106 transfers heat from cooling air exhausted from the compressor section 122 (or the compressor discharge plenum) of engine 100 to a heat transfer fluid. However, in alternative embodiments, heat source heat exchangers 206 may correspond to any other suitable heat exchangers that cool a fluid supporting the operation of aircraft 10.

[0046] Furthermore, the thermal management system 200 includes a plurality of radiator heat exchangers 208 arranged along the heat transfer bus 202. More specifically, the radiator heat exchangers 208 are fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus 202 such that a heat exchange fluid flows through the radiator heat exchangers 208. In this regard, the radiator heat exchangers 208 are configured to transfer heat from the heat exchange fluid to other fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10, thereby heating the other fluids that support the operation of the aircraft 10. Thus, the radiator heat exchangers 208 remove heat to the heat exchange fluid. Although Figure 2Two radiator heat exchangers 208 are shown, but the thermal management system 200 may include three or more radiator heat exchangers 208 .

[0047] Radiator heat exchanger 208 may correspond to any suitable heat exchanger that heats a fluid supporting the operation of aircraft 10. For example, in one embodiment, at least one of heat exchangers 206 is a heat exchanger for the fuel system of engine 100. In such an embodiment, fuel system heat exchanger 106 transfers heat from a heat transfer fluid to the fuel supplied to engine 100. In another embodiment, at least one of heat exchangers 206 is a heat exchanger that contacts air 156 flowing through bypass airflow passage 120 of engine 100. In such an embodiment, the heat exchanger 106 transfers heat from the heat exchange fluid to air 156 flowing through bypass airflow passage 120.

[0048] In several embodiments, one or more of the heat exchangers 106 are configured to transfer heat to air flowing through the tertiary flow path 170. In such embodiments, the heat exchangers 106 are in contact with the air flow passing through the tertiary flow path 170. Thus, heat from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202 can be transferred to the air flow passing through the tertiary flow path 170. Using the tertiary flow path 170 as a heat sink for the thermal management system 200 provides one or more technical advantages. For example, the tertiary flow path 170 provides greater cooling than other bleed air sources because a larger volume of air flows through the tertiary flow path 170 compared to other bleed air flow paths. Furthermore, the air flowing through the tertiary flow path 170 is cooler than the air flowing through other bleed air flow paths and the compressor bleed air. Furthermore, the air in the tertiary flow path 170 is pressurized, allowing the heat exchanger 106 to be smaller than heat exchangers that rely on other heat sinks within the engine. Furthermore, in embodiments where the engine 100 is non-ducted, using the third stream flow path 170 as a heat sink does not increase drag on the engine 100, unlike using ambient air (e.g., a heat exchanger in contact with air flowing around the engine 100). However, in alternative embodiments, the radiator heat exchanger 208 may correspond to any other suitable heat exchanger that heats a fluid that supports the operation of the aircraft 10.

[0049] Furthermore, in several embodiments, the thermal management system 200 includes one or more bypass conduits 210. Specifically, as shown, each bypass conduit 210 is fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus 202 such that the bypass conduit 210 allows at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the heat exchangers 206, 208. As will be described below, by allowing the heat exchange fluid to bypass one or more of the heat exchangers 206, 208, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. In the illustrated embodiment, each heat exchanger 206, 208 has a corresponding bypass conduit 210. However, in alternative embodiments, any number of the heat exchangers 206, 208 can have a corresponding bypass conduit 210, as long as at least one bypass conduit 210 is present.

[0050] Furthermore, in several embodiments, the thermal management system 200 includes one or more heat source valves 212 and one or more radiator valves 214. Generally, each heat source valve 212 is configured to control the flow of heat exchange fluid through a bypass conduit 210 that bypasses the heat source heat exchanger 206. Similarly, each radiator valve 214 is configured to control the flow of heat exchange fluid through a bypass conduit 210 that bypasses the radiator heat exchanger 208. In this regard, each valve 212, 214 is fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus 202 and a corresponding bypass conduit 210. Thus, each valve 212, 214 can be moved between an open position and a closed position to selectively block heat exchange flow through its corresponding bypass conduit 210.

[0051] As will be described below, valves 212 and 214 are controlled based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. More specifically, as described above, in certain circumstances, the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202 may fall outside a desired pressure range. When the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is too high, the thermal management system 200 may experience accelerated wear. In this regard, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 102 exceeds a maximum pressure value, one or more heat source valves 212 open. In this case, at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid flows through the bypass conduit 210 rather than the heat source heat exchanger 206. Consequently, less heat is added to the heat exchange fluid through the heat source heat exchanger 206, thereby lowering the temperature and, therefore, the pressure of the fluid. In some embodiments, the maximum pressure value is between 3,800 and 4,000 psi or less. In some embodiments, the maximum pressure value is between 2,700 and 2,900 psi, for example, 2,800 psi. In other embodiments, the maximum pressure value is between 1,300 and 1,500 psi, for example, 1,400 psi. Such maximum pressure values ​​generally prevent the system 200 from inducing accelerated wear.

[0052] Conversely, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is too low, pump 204 may experience operability issues and increased wear. Thus, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus drops below a minimum pressure value, one or more radiator valves 214 open. In this case, at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid flows through bypass conduit 210 rather than radiator heat exchanger 208. As a result, less heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid by radiator heat exchanger 208, thereby increasing the temperature of the fluid and, therefore, the pressure of the fluid. In some embodiments, the minimum pressure value is 1070 psi or more. In some embodiments, the minimum pressure value is between 1150 and 1350 psi, such as 1250 psi. In other embodiments, the minimum pressure value is between 2400 and 2600 psi, such as 2500 psi. This maximum pressure value is typically for a heat exchange fluid in a supercritical state (e.g., when the heat exchange fluid is carbon dioxide).

[0053] Thus, the thermal management system 200 can be configured to operate such that the pressure of the heat transfer fluid is maintained within a range extending between a minimum pressure value and a maximum pressure value. For example, in some embodiments, the range extends from 1070 psi to 4000 psi. Specifically, in one embodiment, the range extends from 1250 psi to 1400 psi. In another embodiment, the range extends from 2500 psi to 2800 psi.

[0054] Thus, operation of the valves 212 , 214 allows the disclosed thermal management system 200 to maintain the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 within a specified range of values ​​when the heat loads imposed on the thermal management system 200 vary.

[0055] Figure 4 and 5 An embodiment of the heat source valve 212 is shown. Specifically, Figure 4 The heat source valve 212 is shown in its closed position, while Figure 5 The heat source valve 212 is shown in its open position. As shown, in several embodiments, the heat source valve 212 includes a housing 216 positioned adjacent to the corresponding bypass channel 210. In this regard, the housing 216 defines a first fluid chamber 218 in fluid communication with the heat transfer bus 202. Thus, the heat transfer fluid (by Figure 4-7 The first fluid chamber 218 can be entered by a fluid (indicated by arrow 219 in FIG. 2 ). In addition, the housing 216 defines a second fluid chamber 220 that is fluidically isolated from the first fluid chamber 218 and the heat transfer bus 202 .

[0056] In addition, the heat source valve 212 includes a piston 222. In several embodiments, the piston 222 includes a shaft 224, a first head 226 located at one end of the shaft 224, and a second head 228 located at the opposite end of the shaft 224. As shown, the piston 222 is slidably positioned within the bypass conduit 210, the heat transfer bus 202, and the housing 218. Specifically, the first head 226 of the piston 222 is positioned within the bypass conduit 210. As will be described below, when the valve 212 is in its closed position, the first head 226 contacts a seat or ledge 230 of the bypass conduit 210 ( Figure 4 ), and when the valve 212 is in its open position, the first head portion 226 is spaced from the seat portion 230 ( Figure 5 ). The rod 222 extends from the first head 226, through the bypass conduit 210 and the heat transfer bus 202, and into the housing 216. In this regard, the second head 228 of the piston 222 separates the first fluid chamber 218 from the second fluid chamber 220. Thus, the heat exchange fluid within the first fluid chamber 218 acts on a first side 232 of the second head 228, while the control fluid (e.g., air, oil, etc.) within the second fluid chamber 220 acts on an opposing second side 234 of the second head 228. In addition, a bellows 236 can couple the second head 228 to the housing 216, thereby allowing relative movement between the piston 222 and the housing 216.

[0057] The heat source valve 212 is controlled based on the pressure difference between the first fluid chamber 218 and the second fluid chamber 220. More specifically, as described above, the heat exchange fluid from the heat transfer bus 202 flows into the first fluid chamber 218 and exerts a force on the first side 232 of the second head 228 of the piston 222. In addition, the control fluid within the second fluid chamber 220 exerts a force on the second side 234 of the second head 228 of the piston 222. When the force exerted by the control fluid is greater than the force exerted by the heat transfer fluid, the piston 222 moves to its closed position. Figure 4 As shown, when the piston 222 is in its closed position, the first head portion 226 contacts the seat portion 230, thereby blocking the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass channel 210. Conversely, when the force exerted by the control fluid is less than the force exerted by the heat transfer fluid, the piston 222 moves to its open position. Figure 5 As shown, when the piston 222 is in its open position, the first head portion 226 is spaced apart from the seat portion 230 , thereby allowing the heat exchange fluid to flow through the bypass passage 210 .

[0058] The force exerted by the control fluid on the second side 234 of the second head 228 of the piston 222 is set based on the maximum desired pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. In this regard, when the force exerted by the control fluid is greater than the force exerted by the heat transfer fluid, the pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 is less than the maximum desired pressure. Conversely, when the force exerted by the heat transfer fluid is greater than the force exerted by the control fluid, the pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 exceeds the maximum desired pressure.

[0059] In some embodiments, the pressure of the control fluid in the second fluid chamber (and therefore the force acting on the second side 234 of the second head 228 of the piston 222) may be adjustable. Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the heat source valve 212 includes a control piston 238 and an actuator 240. More specifically, in such an embodiment, the actuator 240 is configured to move the control piston 238 into and out of the second fluid chamber 220, thereby increasing or decreasing its volume. In this regard, increasing the volume of the second fluid chamber 220 (e.g., by moving the control piston 238 away from the piston 222) reduces the pressure therein. Conversely, reducing the volume of the second fluid chamber 220 (e.g., by moving the control piston 238 toward the piston 222) increases the pressure therein. However, as will be described below, in other embodiments, the pressure of the control fluid within the second fluid chamber 220 can be adjusted in any other suitable manner.

[0060] Figure 6 and 7 One embodiment of a radiator valve 214 is shown. Specifically, Figure 6 The radiator valve 214 is shown in its closed position, while Figure 7 Radiator valve 214 is shown in its open position. As shown, in the illustrated embodiment, radiator valve 214 is constructed substantially similarly to heat source valve 212. For example, like heat source valve 212, radiator valve 214 includes a housing 216 defining a first fluid chamber 218 for receiving a heat transfer fluid and a second fluid chamber 220 for containing a control fluid. Additionally, like heat source valve 212, radiator valve 214 includes a piston 222 having a first head 226 and an opposing second head 228. When valve 214 is in its open position, first head 226 contacts a seat or ledge 230 of bypass conduit 210 ( Figure 6 ), and when the valve 214 is in its closed position, the first head portion 226 is spaced from the seat portion 230 ( Figure 7 In addition, the second head 228 has a first side 232 and a second side 234. The heat exchange fluid in the first fluid chamber 218 acts on the first side 232, and the control fluid (such as air, oil, etc.) in the second fluid chamber 220 acts on the second side 234.

[0061] However, the orientation of the radiator valve 214 relative to the bypass conduit 210 is different from that of the heat source valve 212. More specifically, as described above and Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the housing 216 of the heat source valve 212 is oriented so that the piston rod 224 extends upstream through the bypass conduit 210 and through the heat transfer bus 202. This orientation allows the first head 226 of the heat source valve 212 to move away from the seat 230 when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid in the first fluid chamber 218 is greater than the pressure of the control fluid in the second fluid chamber 220. Conversely, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the housing 216 of the radiator valve 214 is oriented so that the piston rod 224 extends downstream through the bypass conduit 210. In such an embodiment, the piston rod 224 does not extend through the heat transfer bus 202. Such an orientation allows the first head 226 of the radiator valve 214 to move away from the seat 230 when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid in the first fluid chamber 218 is less than the pressure of the control fluid in the second fluid chamber 220.

[0062] The force exerted by the control fluid on the second side 234 of the second head 228 of the piston 222 is set based on the minimum desired pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. In this regard, when the force exerted by the control fluid is greater than the force exerted by the heat transfer fluid, the pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 is below the minimum desired pressure. Conversely, when the force exerted by the heat transfer fluid is greater than the force exerted by the control fluid, the pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 exceeds the minimum desired pressure.

[0063] As described above, the pressure of the control fluid within the second fluid chamber 220 of the valves 212, 214 (and therefore the force acting on the second side 234 of the second head 228 of the piston 222) may be adjustable. Figure 8 As shown, in one embodiment, valves 212, 214 include an actuator 240 and a control arm 242. Specifically, in such an embodiment, actuator 240 is coupled to control arm 242. Control arm 242, in turn, receives third head 244 of piston 222, which is movable within control arm 242. Thus, actuator 240 is configured to move control arm 242 into and out of second fluid chamber 220, thereby increasing or decreasing its volume. As described above, increasing or decreasing the volume of second fluid chamber 220 increases or decreases the pressure of the control fluid within second fluid chamber 220.

[0064] In addition, if Figure 9As shown, in one embodiment, valves 212, 214 include an actuator 240, a control piston 246, and a control bellows 248. Specifically, in such an embodiment, actuator 240 is coupled to control piston 246. Control piston 246, in turn, is adjustably coupled to housing 216 via control bellows 248. Thus, actuator 240 is configured to move control piston 246 into and out of second fluid chamber 220, thereby increasing or decreasing its volume. As described above, increasing or decreasing the volume of second fluid chamber 220 increases or decreases the pressure of the control fluid within second fluid chamber 220. However, in alternative embodiments, valves 212, 214 may be configured in any other suitable manner.

[0065] Figure 10 Another embodiment of a thermal management system 200 for transferring heat between fluids is shown. Figure 3 The embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown, Figure 10 The illustrated embodiment of the thermal management system 200 includes a heat transfer bus 202, a plurality of heat source heat exchangers 206 arranged along the heat transfer bus 202, and a plurality of heat sink heat exchangers 208 arranged along the heat transfer bus 202. Figure 3 The embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown is similar. Figure 10 The embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown includes a bypass conduit 210, a heat source valve 212, and a radiator valve 214. Figure 3 Unlike the embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown in which the valves 212, 214 are passively controlled, the valves 212, 214 are passively controlled. Figure 10 The embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown is actively controlled. In such an embodiment, the valves 212, 214 may be configured as suitable solenoid-controlled valves or other suitable valves that may be actively controlled.

[0066] In some embodiments, Figure 10 The thermal management system 200 shown in can be controlled both actively and passively. For example, in such an embodiment, valves 212, 214 can be actively controlled during operation of the thermal management system 200 to optimize the performance of the system 200 based on captured sensor data, as will be described below. Thus, valves 212, 214 can be actively controlled to maintain the system pressure within a first pressure range. Additionally, in such an embodiment, valves 212, 214 can be passively controlled in certain circumstances. For example, valve 212 or valve 214 can be passively opened when the system pressure falls outside of a second pressure range, where the second pressure range is greater than the first pressure range. However, in alternative embodiments, Figure 10 The thermal management system 200 shown in FIG. 2 may only be actively controlled.

[0067] As shown, in several embodiments, the thermal management system 200 includes a pressure sensor 250. Generally, the pressure sensor 250 is configured to capture data indicating the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202. Thus, the pressure sensor 250 can be fluidically coupled to the heat transfer bus 202. The pressure sensor 250 can correspond to any suitable device for capturing data indicating the pressure of the heat exchange fluid, such as a piezoresistive strain gauge, an electromagnetic pressure sensor, and the like.

[0068] Furthermore, in several embodiments, the thermal management system 200 includes a computing system 252 that is communicatively coupled to one or more components of the thermal management system 200 to allow the computing system 252 to electronically or automatically control the operation of these components. For example, the computing system 252 can be communicatively coupled to the pressure sensor 250 via a communication link 254. In this regard, the computing system 252 can be configured to receive data indicating the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202. Furthermore, the computing system 252 can be communicatively coupled to the valves 212, 214 via the communication link 254. Thus, the computing system 252 can be configured to control the operation of the valves 212, 214 to adjust the temperature, and thereby the pressure, of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202, based on the received pressure sensor data. Additionally, the computing system 252 can be communicatively coupled to any other suitable components of the thermal management system 200 via the communication link 254.

[0069] Generally, computing system 252 may include one or more processor-based devices, such as a given controller or computing device, or any suitable combination of controllers or computing devices. Thus, in several embodiments, computing system 252 may include one or more processors 256 and associated memory devices 258, which are configured to perform various computer-implemented functions. As used herein, the term "processor" refers not only to what are known in the art as integrated circuits included in computers, but also to controllers, microcontrollers, microcomputers, programmable logic circuits (PLCs), application-specific integrated circuits, and other programmable circuits. Additionally, memory devices 258 of computing system 252 may generally include memory elements, including, but not limited to, computer-readable media (e.g., random access memory, RAM), computer-readable non-volatile media (e.g., flash memory), floppy disks, compact disc read-only memories (CD-ROMs), magneto-optical disks (MODs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), and / or other suitable memory elements. Such memory devices 258 may generally be configured to store suitable computer-readable instructions that, when executed by processor 256, configure computing system 252 to perform various computer-implemented functions, such as one or more aspects of the methods and algorithms described herein. Additionally, computing system 252 may include various other suitable components, such as communication circuits or modules, one or more input / output channels, a data / control bus, and the like.

[0070] The various functions of computing system 252 may be performed by a single processor-based device, or may be distributed across any number of processor-based devices. In such cases, such processor-based devices may form part of computing system 252. For example, the functions of computing system 252 may be distributed across multiple specialized controllers, such as an engine controller, a navigation controller, a communication controller, and the like.

[0071] In several embodiments, the computing system 252 is configured to monitor the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202. More specifically, during operation of the thermal management system 200, the computing system 252 is configured to receive data captured by the pressure sensor 250 (e.g., via the communication link 254). The computing system 252 is configured to process / analyze the received sensor data to determine the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202. For example, the computing system 252 may include a suitable lookup table stored within its memory device 258 that correlates the received pressure data with the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202. In alternative embodiments, the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202 may be determined or otherwise calculated based on data received from other sensors, such as a temperature sensor (not shown).

[0072] Furthermore, in several embodiments, computing system 252 is configured to control the operation of valve 212 to adjust the temperature, and therefore the pressure, of the heat exchange fluid flowing through heat transfer bus 202 based on received pressure sensor data. As described above, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through heat transfer bus 202 falls outside a desired pressure range, thermal management system 200 may experience accelerated wear and / or operability issues. In this regard, computing system 252 can be configured to compare the monitored pressure with a maximum pressure value. Thereafter, when the monitored pressure exceeds the maximum pressure value (thereby indicating that the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through heat transfer bus 202 is too high), computing system 252 controls the operation of heat source valve 212 to cause the heat transfer fluid to bypass heat source heat exchanger 206. For example, in this case, computing system 252 can be configured to control the operation of heat source valve 212 to open valve 212, thereby allowing the heat exchange fluid to flow through the corresponding bypass conduit 210. Furthermore, computing system 252 can be configured to compare the monitored pressure with a minimum pressure value. Thereafter, when the monitored pressure falls below the minimum pressure value (thereby indicating that the pressure of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202 is too low), the computing system 252 controls the operation of the radiator valve 214 so that the heat transfer fluid flows around the radiator heat exchanger 208. For example, in this case, the computing system 252 can be configured to control the operation of the radiator valve 214 so that the valve 214 opens, thereby allowing the heat exchange fluid to flow through the corresponding bypass line 210. In addition, in some embodiments, the thermal management system 200 includes an emergency relief valve (not shown) that is configured to irreversibly reduce the mass of the heat exchange fluid within the system 200 when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid becomes too high.

[0073] Figure 11 Another embodiment of a thermal management system 200 for transferring heat between fluids is shown. Figure 3 and Figure 10 The embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown is similar. Figure 11 The illustrated embodiment of the thermal management system 200 includes a heat transfer bus 202, a heat source heat exchanger 206 arranged along the heat transfer bus 202, and a plurality of heat sink heat exchangers 208 arranged along the heat transfer bus 202. Figure 10 The embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown is similar. Figure 11 The illustrated embodiment of the thermal management system 200 includes a pressure sensor 250 and a computing system 252 .

[0074] However, in Figure 11 In the embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown, Figure 3 and 10The illustrated embodiment of the thermal management system 200 controls the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 differently. More specifically, as described above, Figure 3 and Figure 10 In the embodiment of the thermal management system 200 shown, the pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 is adjusted by controlling the temperature of the fluid, that is, by regulating the amount of heat added to or removed from the fluid. Figure 11 In the illustrated embodiment of the thermal management system 200, the pressure of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 is adjusted by adjusting the mass of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. In such an embodiment, increasing the mass of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 increases the pressure of the fluid, while decreasing the mass of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 decreases the pressure of the fluid.

[0075] like Figure 11 As shown, the thermal management system 200 includes a heat transfer fluid quality control device 260. Generally, the heat transfer fluid quality control device 260 is configured to increase or decrease the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus 202 based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. Specifically, in several embodiments, the heat transfer fluid quality control device 260 includes a storage device 262 configured to store the heat transfer fluid. As will be described below, when the pressure of the heat transfer fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value, the storage device 262 receives the heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer bus 202, thereby decreasing the mass of the fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. Conversely, when the pressure of the heat transfer fluid is below a minimum pressure value, the storage device 262 supplies the heat transfer fluid to the heat transfer bus 202, thereby increasing the mass of the fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. The heat transfer bus 202 only includes the mass of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the bus 202, and does not include the mass of the heat exchange fluid within the storage device 262.

[0076] In several embodiments, storage device 262 includes a cylinder 264 and a piston or diaphragm 266. Specifically, in such embodiments, cylinder 264 defines a first chamber 268 and a second chamber 270. Piston 266 is, in turn, positioned within cylinder 264 to separate first chamber 268 from second chamber 270. Furthermore, piston 266 is movable within cylinder 264, allowing the sizes of first chamber 268 and second chamber 270 to vary. Furthermore, first chamber 268 is fluidically coupled to heat transfer bus 202, allowing heat exchange fluid to flow between heat transfer bus 202 and first chamber 268. Furthermore, second chamber 270 is filled with a control fluid (e.g., compressed air, hydraulic oil, etc.) at a predetermined pressure. In this regard, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within first chamber 268 is greater than the pressure of the control fluid within second chamber 270 (thereby indicating that the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within heat transfer bus 202 is too high), the size of first chamber 268 increases and the size of second chamber 270 decreases. In this case, heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer bus 202 flows into the expanded first chamber 268, thereby reducing the mass of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. Conversely, when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the first chamber 268 is less than the pressure of the control fluid within the second chamber 270 (thereby indicating that the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202 is too low), the size of the first chamber 268 decreases and the size of the second chamber 270 increases. In this case, heat transfer fluid from the contracted first chamber 268 flows into the heat transfer bus 202, thereby increasing the mass of the heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. However, in alternative embodiments, the storage device 262 may correspond to any other suitable device for storing heat exchange fluid, such as a bladder, a welded bellows, etc.

[0077] In addition, in some embodiments, the storage device 262 is actively controlled. Specifically, in such an embodiment, the thermal management system 200 includes a pressure source 272 (e.g., a pump, an air chamber, etc.) and a control valve 274. As shown, the pressure source 272 and the control valve 274 are in fluid communication with the second chamber 270. Therefore, the pressure source 272 is configured to generate and / or store a pressurized control fluid (e.g., air, hydraulic oil, etc.). In addition, the control valve 274 is configured to control the flow of the pressurized control fluid from the pressure source 272 to the second chamber 270. In addition, in some embodiments, the control valve 274 can be communicatively coupled to the computing system 252 (e.g., via a communication link 254) so ​​that the computing system 252 can control the operation of the control valve 274.

[0078] In operation, control valve 274 can be actively controlled to adjust the mass of the heat exchange fluid within heat transfer bus 202 based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within heat transfer bus 202. In this regard, when the monitored pressure of the heat exchange fluid within heat transfer bus 202 exceeds a maximum pressure value, computing system 252 can be configured to control the operation of control valve 274 such that control valve 274 allows the control fluid to exit second chamber 270 and flow to a reservoir (not shown). In this case, the size of first chamber 268 increases and the size of second chamber 270 decreases. This increase in the size of first chamber 268 allows more heat exchange fluid to be stored within first chamber 268, thereby reducing the mass of the heat exchange fluid within heat transfer bus 202. Conversely, when the monitored pressure of the heat exchange fluid within heat transfer bus 202 falls below a minimum pressure value, computing system 254 can be configured to control the operation of control valve 274 such that control valve 274 opens to allow pressurized control fluid from pressure source 272 to flow into second chamber 270. In this case, the size of first chamber 268 decreases and the size of second chamber 270 increases. This reduction in the size of the first chamber 268 allows for less heat exchange fluid to be stored within the first chamber 268, thereby increasing the mass of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus 202. However, in alternative embodiments, the storage device 262 may be passively controlled. In further embodiments, the heat transfer system 200 may include multiple active or passive mass control devices 260 to ensure more consistent pressure along the heat transfer bus 202, thereby reducing the size of the storage device 260 (and improving packability).

[0079] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

[0080] Further aspects of the invention are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses:

[0081] A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, the thermal management system comprising: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers; a bypass pipe fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus so that the bypass pipe allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the heat source heat exchangers or one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers; and a valve configured to control the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass pipe based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus.

[0082] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow through the bypass passage and around the heat source heat exchanger when a pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value.

[0083] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is further configured to prevent the heat exchange fluid from flowing through the bypass passage and around the heat source heat exchanger when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below a maximum pressure value.

[0084] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure value is between 3800 and 4000 psi or less.

[0085] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure is between 1300 and 4000 psi.

[0086] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein said maximum pressure value is between 2700 and 2900 psi.

[0087] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure value is between 1300 and 1500 psi.

[0088] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow through the bypass passage and around the one of the radiator heat exchangers when a pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below a minimum pressure value.

[0089] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is further configured to prevent the heat exchange fluid from flowing through the bypass passage and around the radiator heat exchanger when a pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds the minimum pressure value.

[0090] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 1070 psi or greater.

[0091] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure is between 1070 and 2600 psi.

[0092] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein said maximum pressure value is between 1150 and 1350 psi.

[0093] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure value is between 2400 and 2600 psi.

[0094] A thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve corresponds to a first valve and the bypass conduit corresponds to a first bypass conduit, the first valve being configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow through the first bypass channel and bypass the heat source heat exchanger when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value, the system further comprising a second valve and a second bypass conduit, the second valve being configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow through the second bypass channel and bypass the radiator heat exchanger when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below a minimum pressure value.

[0095] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 1070 psi and the maximum pressure value is 4000 psi.

[0096] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 1250 psi and the maximum pressure value is 1400 psi.

[0097] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 2500 psi and the maximum pressure value is 2800 psi.

[0098] A thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein: the bypass conduit corresponds to a first bypass conduit that allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the heat source heat exchangers; the valve corresponds to a first valve, and the first valve is configured to control the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the first bypass conduit; and the thermal management system further includes: a second bypass conduit, the second bypass conduit is connected to the heat transfer bus so that the second bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of a plurality of radiator heat exchangers; and a second valve, the second valve is configured to control the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the second bypass conduit based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid.

[0099] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the first valve allows at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid to flow through the first bypass conduit when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid in the heat transfer bus exceeds a maximum pressure value.

[0100] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the second valve allows at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid to flow through the first bypass conduit when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid in the heat transfer bus is below a minimum pressure value.

[0101] Thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is passively controlled.

[0102] Thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is actively controlled.

[0103] Thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve is actively controlled and passively controlled.

[0104] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, further comprising: a sensor configured to capture data associated with the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus; and a computing system communicatively coupled to the sensor, the computing system configured to: monitor the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus based on the data captured by the sensor; and control the operation of the valve based on the monitored pressure.

[0105] A thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the valve comprises: a piston including a first head and an opposing second head, the first head being configured to selectively block the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass conduit, the opposing second head having a first side on which the heat exchange fluid acts and an opposing second side on which a control fluid acts; and a control device configured to set the pressure of the control fluid acting on the second side of the second head.

[0106] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the piston moves to an open position in which the heat exchange fluid flows through the bypass conduit when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid acting on the first side is greater than the pressure of the control fluid acting on the second side.

[0107] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the heat source heat exchangers.

[0108] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is less than the pressure of the control fluid, the piston moves to an open position in which the heat exchange fluid flows through the bypass conduit.

[0109] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers.

[0110] Thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the control device is an actuator or a bellows.

[0111] Thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the piston corresponds to a first piston and the control device is a second piston.

[0112] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat exchange fluid is a supercritical fluid.

[0113] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat exchange fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide.

[0114] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein at least one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers is a fuel system heat exchanger.

[0115] A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, the thermal management system comprising: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; and a heat transfer fluid quality control device configured to increase or decrease the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus.

[0116] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device is configured to reduce the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value.

[0117] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device is further configured to prevent a reduction in the mass of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below the maximum pressure value.

[0118] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure value is between 3800 and 4000 psi or less.

[0119] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein said maximum pressure value is between 2700 and 2900 psi.

[0120] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure value is between 1300 and 1500 psi.

[0121] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device is configured to increase the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below a minimum pressure value.

[0122] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device is further configured to prevent the mass of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus from increasing when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is above the minimum pressure value.

[0123] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 1070 psi or greater.

[0124] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein said maximum pressure value is between 1150 and 1350 psi.

[0125] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the maximum pressure value is between 2400 and 2600 psi.

[0126] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device is configured to reduce the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value, and to increase the mass of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below a minimum pressure value.

[0127] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 1070 psi and the maximum pressure value is 4000 psi.

[0128] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 1250 psi and the maximum pressure value is 1400 psi.

[0129] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the minimum pressure value is 2500 psi and the maximum pressure value is 2800 psi.

[0130] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the storage device is configured to actively control the mass of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus.

[0131] The thermal management system according to one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device comprises a storage device.

[0132] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the storage device comprises: a cylinder defining a first chamber and a second chamber in fluid communication with the heat transfer bus; and a piston separating the first chamber and the second chamber, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device further comprises a valve configured to control the flow of control fluid to the second chamber.

[0133] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat exchange fluid is a supercritical fluid.

[0134] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein the heat exchange fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide.

[0135] The thermal management system of one or more of the preceding clauses, wherein at least one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers is a fuel system heat exchanger.

[0136] A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, the thermal management system comprising: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is removed from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers; and a third flow path of a gas turbine engine, the third flow path extending from a compressed air flow path upstream of a combustion section of the gas turbine engine to a bypass passage of the gas turbine engine, wherein at least one of the plurality of heat exchangers is configured to transfer heat from the heat exchange fluid to air flowing through the third flow path.

[0137] A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, the thermal management system comprising: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger, the heat exchange fluid being a supercritical fluid; a first bypass pipe fluidically coupled to the heat transfer bus so that the first bypass pipe allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the heat source heat exchanger; and a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers. the heat source heat exchanger being removed from the heat source heat exchanger, at least one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers being a fuel system heat exchanger; a second bypass conduit, the second bypass conduit being fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus so that the second bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers; a first valve, the first valve being configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow through the first bypass channel and bypass the heat source heat exchanger when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value; and a second valve, the second valve being configured to allow the heat exchange fluid to flow through the second bypass channel and bypass the one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is below a minimum pressure value.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, characterized in that: The thermal management system comprises: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger disposed along the heat transfer bus such that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so as to remove heat from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers; a bypass conduit fluidly coupled to the heat transfer bus such that the bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the heat source heat exchanger or one of the plurality of heat sink heat exchangers; and A valve controls the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass conduit based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus.

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that The valve allows the heat exchange fluid to flow through the bypass pipe and bypass the heat source heat exchanger when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a maximum pressure value.

3. The thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The maximum pressure value is 1300-4000 pounds per square inch.

4. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: The valve allows the heat exchange fluid to flow through the bypass pipe and bypass the one of the radiator heat exchangers when the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is lower than a minimum pressure value.

5. The thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The minimum pressure value is 1070-2600 pounds per square inch.

6. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: in: The bypass conduit corresponds to a first bypass conduit that allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the heat source heat exchanger; the valve corresponds to a first valve configured to control flow of the heat exchange fluid through the first bypass conduit; and The thermal management system further comprises: a second bypass conduit coupled to the heat transfer bus such that the second bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of a plurality of radiator heat exchangers; and A second valve controls the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the second bypass conduit based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, When the pressure of the heat exchange fluid in the heat transfer bus exceeds a maximum pressure value, the first valve allows at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid to flow through the first bypass conduit.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 6, wherein: in, When the pressure of the heat exchange fluid in the heat transfer bus is lower than a minimum pressure value, the second valve allows at least a portion of the heat exchange fluid to flow through the first bypass conduit.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: The valve is passively controlled.

10. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: The valve is actively controlled.

11. The thermal management system according to claim 10, wherein: The valves are actively and passively controlled.

12. The thermal management system according to claim 10, wherein: Further including: a sensor configured to capture data associated with a pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus; and a computing system communicatively coupled to the sensor, the computing system configured to: monitoring the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus based on the data captured by the sensor; and Based on the monitored pressure, operation of the valve is controlled.

13. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: The valve comprises: a piston including a first head portion configured to selectively block flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass conduit and an opposing second head portion having a first side on which the heat exchange fluid acts and an opposing second side on which a control fluid acts; and A control device is configured to set a pressure of the control fluid acting on the second side of the second head.

14. The thermal management system according to claim 13, wherein: When the pressure of the heat exchange fluid acting on the first side is greater than the pressure of the control fluid acting on the second side, the piston moves to an open position in which the heat exchange fluid flows through the bypass conduit.

15. The thermal management system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass the heat source heat exchanger.

16. The thermal management system according to claim 13, wherein: When the pressure of the heat exchange fluid is lower than the pressure of the control fluid, the piston moves to an open position where the heat exchange fluid flows through the bypass pipe.

17. The thermal management system according to claim 16, wherein: The bypass conduit allows the heat exchange fluid to bypass one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers.

18. A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, characterized in that: The thermal management system comprises: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger disposed along the heat transfer bus such that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so as to remove heat from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; and a heat transfer fluid quality control device that increases or decreases the quality of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus, wherein the heat transfer fluid quality control device further includes a valve that controls the flow of the heat exchange fluid through the bypass conduit based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus.

19. The thermal management system according to claim 18, wherein: The heat transfer fluid quality control device includes a storage device.

20. The thermal management system according to claim 19, wherein: The storage device is configured to actively control the mass of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat transfer bus.

21. The thermal management system according to claim 20, wherein: The storage device comprises: a cylinder defining a first chamber and a second chamber in fluid communication with the heat transfer bus; and A piston separates the first chamber from the second chamber, and the valve is configured to control the flow of a control fluid to the second chamber.

22. A thermal management system for transferring heat between fluids, characterized in that: The thermal management system comprises: a heat transfer bus through which a heat exchange fluid flows; a heat source heat exchanger disposed along the heat transfer bus such that heat is added to the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat source heat exchanger; a plurality of radiator heat exchangers arranged along the heat transfer bus so as to remove heat from the heat exchange fluid flowing through the plurality of radiator heat exchangers; a third stream flow path of the gas turbine engine, the third stream flow path extending from the compressed air flow path upstream of a combustion section of the gas turbine engine to a bypass passage of the gas turbine engine; and a valve that controls the flow of the heat exchange fluid through a bypass conduit based on the pressure of the heat exchange fluid within the heat transfer bus, Wherein, at least one of the plurality of radiator heat exchangers is configured to transfer heat from the heat exchange fluid to air flowing through the third stream flow path.

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