Umbrella-shaped anchor rod and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention provides an umbrella-shaped bolt and a construction method thereof. The umbrella-shaped bolt includes a bolt rod body, and an umbrella-shaped structure and a switch are arranged on the bolt rod body. The umbrella-shaped structure includes an upper chassis, a lower chassis, a thorn-shaped rod body, umbrella wings and support rod bodies. Compared with the prior art, the umbrella-shaped bolt of the present invention can improve the friction between the bolt and the rock mass by opening the umbrella wings, support rod bodies and thorn-shaped rod bodies, so that the thorn-shaped rod body can penetrate into the interior of the rock mass, avoid relative displacement between the bolt and the rock mass, improve the anchorability of the surrounding rock, increase the anchoring force of the bolt, improve the support effect on the roadway in the coal mine underground reservoir, increase the service life of the underground reservoir, and has important reference value for the support of the underground reservoir roadway. This bolt fills the deficiencies in the support of the underground reservoir roadway at present, is in a leading position in the relevant field, and has broad prospects and important significance in the application of actual projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway support in underground coal mine reservoirs, and particularly to an umbrella-shaped bolt and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The protection and utilization of water resources in coal mining is a major technical problem in the safe and green development of coal. Academician Gu Dazhao put forward the concept of groundwater protection and utilization in underground coal mine reservoirs. The safe operation of underground reservoirs is related to various factors, and the safety and stability of its roadways are important factors to ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of underground reservoirs. Bolts are one of the most important support methods in coal mine roadways in China, accounting for more than 70% of the total support of coal mine roadways, and have become an essential supporting technology for modern mines.

[0003] At present, in terms of bolt design, Wang Fangyong et al. invented a sensing bolt that can detect the internal reinforcement of the wall in real time; Pan Yishan et al. invented an impact-resistant extended bolt, which increases the bolt length while improving the elongation rate of the bolt, with simple structure and safety and reliability; Li Zhiyuan invented a tension-locking bolt, which improves the bolt support capacity and is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway; IBS Technology Co., Ltd. invented an anchoring device, which relates to the base of a mobile flood control wall; Wang Yu invented an anchoring device for civil engineering construction, which increases the stability during the construction process of building engineering. At present, many people in China have conducted a lot of research on bolt design, but there is less research on bolts for roadways in underground coal mine reservoirs. Underground coal mine reservoirs are formed by reforming goafs. Due to the relatively broken rock layers near the goafs, the bonding between the anchoring agent and the rock layers is insufficient, and the friction between the bolt and the borehole wall is small. Eventually, the support effect of the bolt is not ideal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiency that the support effect of bolts on roadways in underground coal mine reservoirs is not ideal in the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention provides an umbrella-shaped bolt suitable for roadways in underground coal mine reservoirs, aiming to improve the integrity of the surrounding rock, which can increase the friction between the bolt and the rock mass, improve the anchorability of the surrounding rock, and improve the support effect of the bolt on roadways in underground coal mine reservoirs.

[0005] An umbrella-shaped bolt provided by the present invention includes a bolt body, and an umbrella-shaped structure and a switch are arranged on the bolt body. The umbrella-shaped structure includes:

[0006] An upper chassis, which is fixed on the bolt body;

[0007] A lower chassis, which includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate sleeved on the bolt body and slidable along the length direction of the bolt body. The first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are connected by a spring; through holes are formed in the second mounting plate;

[0008] A spiked rod, one end of which is rotatably connected to the first mounting plate through a rotating shaft, and the other end of which is a conical structure;

[0009] An umbrella wing, one end of which is rotatably connected to the upper chassis through a rotating shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the spiked rod through a rotating shaft; and

[0010] A support rod, one end of which is rotatably connected to the second mounting plate through a rotating shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the spiked rod through a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is located between the rotating shaft connecting the spiked rod and the umbrella wing and the rotating shaft connecting the spiked rod and the first mounting plate;

[0011] When the lower chassis slides away from the upper chassis to retract the umbrella-like structure, the switch can extend into the through hole to snap and fix the lower chassis.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of the spiked rods, the umbrella wings and the support rods are provided and the number of each of them is equal, and the plurality of spiked rods, the plurality of umbrella wings and the plurality of support rods are evenly distributed around the anchor rod. By providing a plurality of spiked rods in one umbrella-like structure, it is beneficial to increase the friction between the anchor rod and the rock mass and prevent relative displacement between the anchor rod and the rock mass.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of the umbrella-like structures are provided and are located on the same side of the switch, and the plurality of umbrella-like structures are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the anchor rod; barbs are provided at the ends of one end of each umbrella wing connected to the upper chassis; when the lower chassis of the umbrella-like structure adjacent to the switch slides away from the upper chassis in the same umbrella-like structure, the switch can extend into the through hole of the lower chassis to snap and fix the lower chassis, and when the lower chassis of the remaining umbrella-like structures slides away from the upper chassis in the same umbrella-like structure, the through hole on the lower chassis forms a snap connection with the barbs on the umbrella wings of the adjacent umbrella-like structure to fix the lower chassis. By providing a plurality of umbrella-like structures, it is beneficial to increase the friction between the anchor rod and the rock mass and prevent relative displacement between the anchor rod and the rock mass.

[0014] Preferably, the switch includes a mounting seat, a rotating shaft, a barb and a button; the mounting seat is fixed on the anchor rod, the barb is rotatably connected to the mounting seat through the rotating shaft, the button is installed in the mounting seat through a spring, and the button is used to hold the barb to limit its rotation; when the umbrella-like structure is retracted, press the button, rotate the barb to extend into the through hole of the lower chassis, and then release the button to hold the barb; when the umbrella-like structure is opened, press the button and rotate the barb to disengage it from the through hole of the lower chassis.

[0015] Preferably, the upper chassis is a circular ring structure.

[0016] Preferably, the second mounting disc includes an annular mounting portion and a cylindrical housing with openings at both ends. The top of the annular mounting portion is connected to the first mounting disc by a spring. The bottom of the annular mounting portion is connected to the cylindrical housing, and the through hole is formed in the cylindrical housing.

[0017] Preferably, the second mounting disc includes an annular mounting portion and a plate-like structure. The top of the annular mounting portion is connected to the first mounting disc by a spring. The bottom of the annular mounting portion is connected to the plate-like structure, and the through hole is formed in the plate-like structure.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes a tray and a fastening nut. A thread cooperating with the fastening nut is provided on the bolt body at the lower end of the switch, and the tray is detachably sleeved on the bolt body through the fastening nut.

[0019] Preferably, the umbrella wing is a cylindrical rod, the support rod is a flat rod, and the spiked rod is a cylindrical rod.

[0020] The present invention also provides a construction method for an umbrella-shaped bolt, including the following steps:

[0021] S101: Drill an anchor bolt hole with a predetermined diameter, and place the anchoring agent at the bottom of the anchor bolt hole.

[0022] S102: Use an anchor bolt machine to push the above-mentioned umbrella-shaped bolt into the anchor bolt hole, rotate the bolt body to stir the anchoring agent, stop stirring after reaching the rated torque, and wait for the anchoring agent to solidify.

[0023] S103: Control the switch at the lower part of the umbrella-shaped bolt to disengage it from the through hole on the lower chassis. Under the action of the spring, the umbrella wings, spiked rods, and support rod bodies of the lowermost umbrella-shaped structure open, and the spiked rods penetrate into the rock mass to prevent relative displacement between the bolt and the rock mass.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the umbrella-shaped bolt of the present invention can open the umbrella wings, support rod bodies, and spiked rods. The spiked rods can penetrate into the rock mass, which can increase the friction between the bolt and the rock mass, prevent relative displacement between the bolt and the rock mass, improve the anchorability of the surrounding rock, increase the anchoring force of the bolt, improve the support effect on the roadway in the coal mine underground reservoir, increase the service life of the underground reservoir, and has important reference value for the support of the underground reservoir roadway. This bolt fills the gap in the support of the underground reservoir roadway at present, is in a leading position in the related field, and has broad prospects and important significance in the application of actual projects.

[0025] The above technical features can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical features as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. Description of the Drawings

[0026] In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail based on non-limiting embodiments only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic structural view of an umbrella-shaped anchor rod provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Partial sectional view of the umbrella-shaped anchor rod provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the umbrella wings are opened;

[0029] Figure 3 Partial sectional view of the umbrella-shaped anchor rod provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the umbrella wings are retracted;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic distribution view of the thorn-shaped rod bodies from an axial perspective in the opened state provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic structural view of the lower chassis of the umbrella-shaped anchor rod provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic structural view of a switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 is Figure 6 Cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic structural view of the umbrella-shaped anchor rod during construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Anchor rod body; 2. Anchor agent; 3. Upper chassis; 4. Umbrella wings; 5. Lower chassis; 6. Support rod body; 7. Thorn-shaped rod body; 8. Spring; 9. Tray; 10. Fastening nut; 11. Switch; 12. Barbs; 13. Through hole; 14. Rock formation; 5a. First mounting plate; 5b. Second mounting plate; 5c. Ring-shaped mounting portion; 5d. Cylindrical shell; 11a. Mounting seat; 11b. Button; 11c. Rotating shaft; 11d. Barbs; 11e. Spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Based on the specific implementation manners of the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope protected by the present invention.

[0038] The "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different parts. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements before this term cover the elements listed after this term, and do not exclude the possibility of also covering other elements. Terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0039] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the umbrella-shaped anchor rod includes an anchor rod body 1, on which a plurality of umbrella-shaped structures and two switches 11 are installed. Among them, the anchor rod body 1 is preferably a round rod; the plurality of umbrella-shaped structures are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the anchor rod body 1, and the two switches 11 are arranged below the lowermost umbrella-shaped structure and are used to control the opening and closing of the umbrella-shaped structure.

[0040] Each umbrella-shaped structure includes an upper chassis 3, a lower chassis 5 and a number of umbrella wings 4, thorn-shaped rod bodies 7 and support rod bodies 6. The number of the umbrella wings 4, the thorn-shaped rod bodies 7 and the support rod bodies 6 is equal, and the plurality of thorn-shaped rod bodies 7, the plurality of umbrella wings 4 and the plurality of support rod bodies 6 are respectively evenly distributed around the anchor rod body 1.

[0041] The upper chassis 3 is a circular ring structure, and the inner diameter of its inner ring is equal to the diameter of the anchor rod body 1. The upper chassis 3 is fixedly installed on the anchor rod body 1 by means of welding or screw fixation, etc.

[0042] The lower chassis 5 is sleeved on the anchor rod body 1 below the upper chassis 3 and can slide up and down along the length direction of the anchor rod body 1. As Figure 5 shown, the lower chassis 5 includes a first mounting plate 5a and a second mounting plate 5b. The first mounting plate 5a and the second mounting plate 5b are connected by a spring 8. The first mounting plate 5a and the second mounting plate 5b are both sleeved on the anchor rod body 1 and can move along the length direction of the anchor rod body 1. The first mounting plate 5a is a circular ring structure, and the inner diameter of its inner ring is equal to the diameter of the anchor rod body 1; the second mounting plate 5b includes an annular mounting portion 5c and a cylindrical shell 5d. The annular mounting portion 5c is connected to the first mounting plate 5a by a spring 8. The cylindrical shell 5d is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. It is arranged below the annular mounting portion 5c and is connected to the mounting portion as a whole. A plurality of through holes 13 are formed in the cylindrical shell 5d, and the number of the through holes 13 is equal to the number of the umbrella wings 4 in the same umbrella-shaped structure.

[0043] The thorn-shaped rod body 7 is a cylindrical rod body, one end of which is connected to the first mounting plate 5a through a rotating shaft, and the other end is a conical structure, which is used to penetrate into the rock mass, increase the friction between the anchor rod and the rock mass, avoid relative displacement between the anchor rod and the rock mass, improve the anchorability of the surrounding rock, and increase the anchoring force of the anchor rod, so as to improve the support effect of the anchor rod, especially the tunnel support effect in the underground reservoir of the coal mine.

[0044] The wing 4 is a cylindrical rod body, one end of which is connected to the upper chassis 3 via a rotating shaft. The end of the wing 4 connected to the upper chassis 3 is provided with a barb 12, which rotates around the rotating shaft; the other end of the wing 4 is connected to the middle part of the thorn-shaped rod body 7 via a rotating shaft.

[0045] The support rod body 6 is a flat rod body, one end of the support rod body 6 is connected to the annular mounting portion 5c on the second mounting plate 5b through a rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the thorn-shaped rod body 7 through a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft connecting the support rod body 6 and the thorn-shaped rod body 7 is located between the rotating shaft connecting the support rod body 6 and the second mounting plate 5b and the rotating shaft connecting the parachute wing 4 and the thorn-shaped rod body 7.

[0046] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the switch 11 includes a mounting seat 11a, a rotating shaft 11c, a barb 11d and a button 11b; the mounting seat 11a is fixed to the anchor rod body 1 by welding or threaded connection, the barb 11d is rotatably connected with the mounting seat 11a through the rotating shaft 11c, and the button 11b is installed in the mounting seat 11a through a spring 11e. The button 11b can be a structure with large ends and a small middle part. When no external force is applied, the large end of the button 11b is located in the barb 11d to limit When the button 11b is rotated and the button 11b is pressed, the large end of the button 11b moves to disengage the button 11b from the barb 11d, and the barb 11d can start to rotate; when the umbrella-like structure is folded, the button 11b is pressed, and the barb 11d is rotated to extend into the through hole 13 of the lower chassis 5, and then the button 11b is released to lock the barb 11d; when the umbrella-like structure needs to be opened, the button 11b is pressed, and the barb 11d is rotated to make it escape from the through hole 13 of the lower chassis 5, and the umbrella-like structure is opened.

[0047] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3, during the process of the umbrella-shaped structure unfolding from the retracted state, the lower chassis 5 slides downward away from the upper chassis 3 within the same umbrella-shaped structure. During the sliding process, the first mounting plate 5a and the support rod respectively pull the thorn-shaped rod body 7 downward; since the umbrella wing 4 is rotatably connected to the thorn-shaped rod body 7, while the thorn-shaped rod body 7 moves downward, the umbrella wing 4 pulls the thorn-shaped rod body 7 upward, causing the thorn-shaped rod body 7 to rotate and converge towards the anchor rod body 1 while moving downward; while the thorn-shaped rod body 7 rotates and converges towards the anchor rod body 1, the distance between the first mounting plate 5a and the second mounting plate 5b decreases, and the spring 8 is compressed under force. The lowermost umbrella-shaped structure is adjacent to the switch 11. When the lower chassis 5 of this umbrella-shaped structure slides downward to the position of the switch 11, the barb 11d of the switch 11 extends into the through hole 13 of the lower chassis 5, causing the barb 11d to be clamped and fixed to the lower chassis 5, and at this time this umbrella-shaped structure is retracted; when the lower chassis 5 of the remaining umbrella-shaped structures slides downward to the position of the barb 12 of the upper umbrella wing 4 of another umbrella-shaped structure below it, the barb 12 extends into the through hole 13 of the lower chassis 5 of the umbrella-shaped structure above it and forms a clamping connection with the lower chassis 5 to fix the lower chassis 5, and at this time the umbrella-shaped structure is retracted.

[0048] When all the umbrella-shaped structures on the umbrella-shaped anchor are retracted, the umbrella-shaped anchor is in the retracted state.

[0049] When it is necessary to open the umbrella-shaped anchor in the retracted state, the barb 11d of the switch 11 at the lower part of the umbrella-shaped anchor is disengaged from the through hole 13. After the lower chassis 5 of the lowermost umbrella-shaped structure loses its fixation, the compressed spring 8 gradually expands, and the distance between the first mounting plate 5a and the second mounting plate 5b increases, thereby pushing the thorn-shaped rod body 7 to rotate, causing the tip of the thorn-shaped rod body 7 to move away from the tooth-shaped rod body of the anchor rod body 1 and the tooth-shaped rod body to open, thereby driving the umbrella wing 4 and the support rod to open; the barb 12 on the umbrella wing 4 rotates with the umbrella wing 4 and exits from the through hole 13 of the lower chassis 5 of the umbrella-shaped structure above it. In this way, the umbrella wings 4, the thorn-shaped rod bodies 7, and the support rod bodies 6 of each umbrella-shaped structure are opened sequentially from bottom to top, causing the umbrella-shaped anchor to open.

[0050] In order to further improve the support effect of the umbrella-shaped anchor, in one embodiment, the umbrella-shaped anchor further includes a tray 9 and a fastening nut 10. The lower part of the anchor rod body 1 is provided with a thread that cooperates with the fastening nut 10, and the tray 9 is detachably sleeved on the anchor rod body 1 through the fastening nut 10. The thrust generated by the locking torque of the nut is transmitted to the roof and sidewalls through the tray 9 to generate an initial anchoring force, and at the same time, the pressure of the roof and sidewalls of the roadway is transmitted to the anchor rod to generate a working resistance, jointly reinforcing the surrounding rock and preventing the displacement of the roof and sidewalls of the roadway, thereby improving the support effect of the umbrella-shaped anchor.

[0051] In one embodiment, the bolt rod body 1 is a metal round rod with threads provided at its lower part. The bolt rod body 1 has a length of 2.1 m and a diameter of 5 cm. An upper chassis 3 is welded to the bolt rod body 1 every 12 cm, with a total of 10 upper chassis 3. The upper chassis 3 is a metal product with an annular structure, having an inner ring diameter of 5 cm, an outer ring diameter of 5.5 cm, and a height of 0.5 cm. Each upper chassis 3 is connected to 8 umbrella wings 4 through a rotating shaft. The umbrella wing 4 is a cylindrical metal product, with a length of 6.5 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm. A lower chassis 5 is sleeved on the bolt rod body 1 below each upper chassis 3, with a total of 10 lower chassis 5. The lower chassis 5 is a metal product. The lower chassis 5 includes a first mounting plate 5a and a second mounting plate 5b connected by a spring 8. 8 thorn-shaped rod bodies 7 are fixedly installed on each first mounting plate 5a through a rotating shaft. The second mounting plate 5b includes an annular mounting portion 5c connected as a whole and a cylindrical shell 5d with openings at both ends. 8 support rod bodies 6 are fixedly installed on each annular mounting portion 5c through a rotating shaft. 8 through holes 13 are provided on each cylindrical shell 5d. The inner ring diameters of the first mounting plate 5a and the annular mounting portion 5c are both 5 cm, and the outer ring diameters are both 5.5 cm. The inner diameter of the cylindrical shell 5d should be larger than the diameter of the bolt rod body 1 to leave a gap therebetween, so that the switch 11 or the barb 12 can extend into the through hole 13 from this gap. The support rod body 6 is a flat metal rod, with a length of 3 cm, and is connected to the annular mounting portion 5c of the second mounting plate 5b and the thorn-shaped rod body 7 through a rotating shaft respectively. The thorn-shaped rod body 7 is a cylindrical metal rod, with a length of 8 cm, a 3-cm groove provided at the initial end, and a conical shape at the end of the rod body. The thorn-shaped rod body 7 is connected to the first mounting plate 5a, the support rod body 6, and the umbrella wing 4 through a rotating shaft respectively. The tray 9 and the fastening nut 10 are made of fiberglass tray 9 and fiberglass fastening nut 10, and the pore diameters of the tray 9 and the fastening nut 10 are both 5 cm.

[0052] In other embodiments, the second mounting plate 5b in the above embodiment is replaced with a structure composed of an annular mounting portion connected as a whole and a plate-like structure. The top of the annular mounting portion is connected to the first mounting plate 5a through a spring 8. The plate-like structure is arranged below the annular mounting portion, and a gap is left between the plate-like structure and the bolt rod body 1. The through hole 13 is provided on the plate-like structure.

[0053] In other embodiments, the upper chassis 3 in the above embodiment is replaced with a structure composed of a plurality of mounting seats 11a fixedly installed on the bolt rod body 1 and evenly distributed around the bolt rod body 1. Each mounting seat 11a is connected to an umbrella wing 4 through a rotating shaft.

[0054] In other embodiments, the switch 11 in the above embodiments is replaced with a structure composed of a spring and a button, a groove is provided on the anchor rod body 1, a spring or a spring sheet is fixed at the bottom of the groove, the bottom of the button is connected to the top of the spring or the spring sheet, the button is partially installed in the groove, a pressing portion and a clamping portion protruding from the pressing portion are provided on the button, when the lower chassis 5 moves downward to the position of the switch 11 during the folding of the umbrella-like structure, the button is pressed to make the clamping portion enter the gap between the lower chassis 5 and the anchor rod body 1, and after releasing the button, the switch 11 pops up to make the clamping portion extend into the through hole 13 on the lower chassis 5 to clamp and fix the lower chassis 5. When the umbrella-like structure is opened, the clamping portion is released from the through hole 13 on the lower chassis 5 after the button is pressed, and the umbrella-like structure is opened under the action of the spring.

[0055] The umbrella-shaped anchor provided by the present invention can be used for surrounding rock support of underground reservoir tunnels in coal mines (see Figure 8 ), before construction and installation, the umbrella-shaped anchor rod is in a folded state.

[0056] by Figure 1 Taking the umbrella-shaped anchor bolt shown in the figure as an example, the construction method of the umbrella-shaped anchor bolt comprises the following steps:

[0057] S101: drilling an anchor hole of a predetermined diameter, and placing an anchoring agent 2 at the bottom of the anchor hole;

[0058] S102: using an anchor bolt machine to push the umbrella-shaped anchor bolt into the anchor bolt borehole, rotating the anchor bolt rod body 1 to stir the anchoring agent 2, and stopping the stirring after reaching the rated torque, waiting for the anchoring agent 2 to solidify;

[0059] S103: Turn on the switch 11 at the bottom of the umbrella-shaped anchor rod, and under the action of the spring 8, the parachute wing 4, the thorn-shaped rod body 7, and the supporting rod body 6 of the lowest umbrella-shaped structure are opened, and the barb 12 on the parachute wing 4 is withdrawn from the through hole 13 as the parachute wing 4 rotates, and each parachute wing 4, the thorn-shaped rod body 7, and the supporting rod body 6 are opened in sequence from bottom to top, and the thorn-shaped rod body 7 penetrates into the rock mass 14 to prevent the anchor rod and the rock mass 14 from relative displacement;

[0060] S104: a tray 9 is sleeved on the lower part of the anchor rod body 1, and then the fastening nut 10 is tightened with the lower end of the anchor rod body 1 to fasten the tray 9.

[0061] The above construction method adopts the end anchoring method, and the anchoring agent 2 is fixed to one end of the anchor rod body 1. The anchoring agent 2 preferably adopts a resin anchoring agent 2, and the maximum anchoring strength can reach 60Mpa, and the effective anchoring time can reach 10 years.

[0062] By using the umbrella-shaped bolt and its construction method provided by the present invention, by expanding the umbrella wings 4, the support rod body 6, and the spiked rod body 7, the spiked rod body 7 can penetrate into the rock mass, which can increase the friction between the bolt and the rock mass, avoid relative displacement between the bolt and the rock mass, improve the anchorability of the surrounding rock, increase the anchoring force of the bolt, improve the support effect on the roadway in the underground coal mine reservoir, extend the service life of the underground reservoir, and has important reference value for the support of the underground reservoir roadway. This bolt fills the current deficiencies in the support of the underground reservoir roadway, is in a leading position in the relevant field, and has broad prospects and important significance in the application of actual projects.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments and examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments and examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or examples, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments or examples of the present invention.

Claims

1. An umbrella-shaped anchor rod, comprising an anchor rod body, characterized in that, The anchor rod body is provided with an umbrella-shaped structure and a switch, and the umbrella-shaped structure comprises: An upper chassis, which is fixed on the anchor rod body; the upper chassis is a circular ring structure; The lower chassis comprises a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate which are sleeved on the anchor rod body and can slide along the length direction of the anchor rod body, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are connected by a spring; a through hole is provided on the second mounting plate; the second mounting plate comprises an annular mounting portion and a cylindrical shell with openings at both ends, the top of the annular mounting portion is connected to the first mounting plate by a spring, the bottom of the annular mounting portion is connected to the cylindrical shell, and the through hole is provided on the cylindrical shell; A thorn-shaped rod body, one end of which is rotatably connected to the first mounting plate via a rotating shaft, and the other end of which is a cone-shaped structure; A parachute wing, one end of which is rotatably connected to the upper chassis via a rotating shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the thorn-shaped rod body via a rotating shaft; and A supporting rod body, one end of which is rotatably connected to the second mounting plate via a rotating shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the thorn-shaped rod body via a rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft is located between the rotating shaft connecting the thorn-shaped rod body and the parachute wing and the rotating shaft connecting the thorn-shaped rod body and the first mounting plate; When the lower chassis slides away from the upper chassis to retract the umbrella-shaped structure, the switch can extend into the through hole to clamp and fix the lower chassis; The switch comprises a mounting seat, a rotating shaft, a barb and a button; the mounting seat is fixed on the anchor rod body, the barb is rotatably connected with the mounting seat via the rotating shaft, the button is mounted in the mounting seat via a spring, and the button is used to clamp the barb to restrict its rotation; when the umbrella-like structure is folded, the button is pressed, the barb is rotated to extend into the through hole of the lower chassis, and the button is released to clamp the barb; when the umbrella-like structure is opened, the button is pressed, the barb is rotated to be disengaged from the through hole of the lower chassis; There are multiple umbrella-like structures and they are located on the same side of the switch, and the multiple umbrella-like structures are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the anchor rod body; the end of each umbrella wing connected to the upper chassis is provided with a barb; when the lower chassis of the umbrella-like structure adjacent to the switch slides away from the upper chassis located in the same umbrella-like structure, the switch can be extended into the through hole of the lower chassis to clamp and fix the lower chassis, and when the lower chassis of the remaining umbrella-like structures slide away from the upper chassis located in the same umbrella-like structure, the through holes on the lower chassis and the barbs on the umbrella wings of the adjacent umbrella-like structures form a clamping connection to fix the lower chassis.

2. The umbrella-shaped anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thorn-shaped rod body, the parachute wing and the supporting rod body are all provided in plurality and the number of the three is equal. The plurality of thorn-shaped rod bodies, the plurality of parachute wings and the plurality of supporting rod bodies are evenly distributed around the anchor rod body.

3. The umbrella-shaped anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second mounting plate includes an annular mounting portion and a plate-like structure. The top of the annular mounting portion is connected to the first mounting plate via a spring, the bottom of the annular mounting portion is connected to the plate-like structure, and the through hole is provided on the plate-like structure.

4. The umbrella-shaped anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a tray and a fastening nut. A threaded portion that mates with the fastening nut is provided on the bolt body at the lower end of the switch. The tray is detachably sleeved on the bolt body through the fastening nut.

5. The umbrella-shaped anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, The umbrella wing is a cylindrical rod, the support rod is a flat rod, and the thorn-shaped rod is a cylindrical rod.

6. A construction method of an umbrella-shaped bolt, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S101: Drill an anchor bolt hole with a predetermined diameter, and place the anchoring agent at the bottom of the anchor bolt hole. S102: Use an anchor bolt machine to push the umbrella-shaped anchor bolt described in any one of claims 1-5 into the anchor bolt hole, rotate the bolt body to stir the anchoring agent, stop stirring after reaching the rated torque, and wait for the anchoring agent to solidify. S103: Control the switch at the lower part of the umbrella-shaped anchor bolt to disengage it from the through hole on the lower chassis. Under the action of the spring, the umbrella wing, thorn-shaped rod, and support rod body of the lowermost umbrella-shaped structure open, and the thorn-shaped rod penetrates into the rock mass to prevent relative displacement between the anchor bolt and the rock mass.

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