A power supply circuit and method for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power supply circuit and method for a USB 5G millimeter wave wireless network card, comprising a USB socket, an input filter circuit, a plug detection circuit, a step-down circuit, a super capacitor, a delay switch circuit, a filter capacitor, a filter capacitor and a wireless communication module; the USB socket and the input filter circuit, the plug detection circuit, the step-down circuit, the super capacitor, the delay switch circuit, the filter capacitor, the filter capacitor and the wireless communication module are interconnected to form a circuit. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of super capacitors, such as an energy density greater than that of ordinary capacitors and less than that of lithium batteries, and combines an ordinary step-down circuit and a simple delay switch circuit to form a stable power supply system, avoiding the unfavorable factors such as safety, volume, and cost brought about by the use of other energy storage elements such as lithium batteries. While reducing the design difficulty and saving costs, the wireless network card becomes more refined, compact, stable, convenient, safe, and has a longer service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 5G devices, specifically to a power supply circuit and method for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card. Background Technology

[0002] With the maturity and widespread adoption of 5G communication technology, traditional 3G and 4G wireless network cards are gradually transitioning to 5G. In particular, 5G wireless network cards with added millimeter-wave functionality offer ultra-fast transmission speeds, providing significant convenience for work and entertainment. However, higher speeds mean higher power consumption, especially for USB-based wireless network cards. Powered by the 5V supply from the USB port, these cards can experience peak currents exceeding 2A when using millimeter-wave technology for high-speed data transmission, exceeding the current limit of a typical computer's USB port. This can cause the USB wireless network card to malfunction. Furthermore, commonly used USB wireless network cards are susceptible to damage from sudden power-on and power-off cycles during insertion and removal. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a power supply circuit and method for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card. By utilizing the characteristics of supercapacitors, such as higher energy density than ordinary capacitors but lower than lithium batteries, lower power density than ordinary capacitors but higher than lithium batteries, shorter charging time, longer service life, better temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental friendliness, and combining them with ordinary DC-DC step-down circuits and simple delay switching circuits to form a stable power supply system, this invention avoids the disadvantages of using lithium batteries and other energy storage components, such as safety, size, and cost. It can reduce design difficulty and save costs, while making the 5G USB millimeter-wave wireless network card more refined, compact, stable, convenient, safe, and with a longer service life.

[0004] The power supply circuit for the USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: it includes a USB socket CN1, an input filtering circuit, a plug-in / plug-out detection circuit, a DC-DC step-down circuit, a supercapacitor C11, a delay switch circuit, a filter capacitor C13, a filter capacitor C14, and a wireless communication module U2; the USB socket CN1 is interconnected with the input filtering circuit, the plug-in / plug-out detection circuit, the DC-DC step-down circuit, the supercapacitor C11, the delay switch circuit, the filter capacitor C13, the filter capacitor C14, and the wireless communication module U2 to form a circuit.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution, the input filter circuit consists of ferrite bead FB1, ferrite bead FB2, ferrite bead FB3, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution, the insertion / removal detection circuit consists of resistors R1 and R2.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the DC-DC step-down circuit consists of an integrated chip U1, an inductor L1, capacitors C3, C6, C4, C5, C7, C9, C10, resistors R3, R4, and R5.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the delay switching circuit consists of capacitor C12, resistors R6, R7, R8, R9, R8, MOSE transistor Q1, and transistor Q2.

[0009] The present invention provides a power supply method for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: After plugging the USB connector CN1 into the computer's USB port, current flows out of the computer's USB port, passes through the input filter circuit, and reaches the input terminal of the DC-DC step-down circuit. After being stepped down by the DC-DC converter, it charges the supercapacitor C11. The charging time is T1 = C11 * VDC. At the same time, the delay circuit composed of resistor R6 and capacitor C12 in the delay switch circuit starts to work. Capacitor C12 is slowly charged through resistor R6. The charging time is T2 = 9 * R6 * C12. Set reasonable parameters so that T2 > T1. In this way, when capacitor C12 is fully charged, supercapacitor C11 is already fully charged in advance, and the VDC voltage has stabilized. Since the base of transistor Q2 is at a high level, transistor Q2 conducts, causing Vgs of MOS transistor Q1 to be -VDC. At this time, MOS transistor Q1 also begins to conduct, and the wireless communication module U2 is powered on and enters the normal power-on mode. This avoids damage to the USB wireless network card caused by powering on when the power supply is unstable immediately after plugging in the USB.

[0011] Step 2: Supercapacitor C11 performs its peak output assistance function. Due to the characteristic of instantaneous high current discharge, supercapacitors can promptly replenish the extra power required by wireless communication module U2, ensuring that communication is not affected. When the data transmission speed decreases or the data transmission volume decreases, and the power required by wireless communication module U2 drops below the normal output power of USB, part of the power output from the USB port goes to wireless communication module U2, and the excess part will automatically charge supercapacitor C11, so supercapacitor C11 will work continuously in a cycle.

[0012] Step 3: When the USB connector CN1 is unplugged from the computer's USB port, the capacitor C12 in the delay switching circuit needs time to discharge, causing transistor Q2 to remain on for a period of time. While transistor Q2 is on, the Vgs of MOS transistor Q1 is -VDC, and MOS transistor Q1 will also remain on. Simultaneously, because the supercapacitor C11 stores some charge, it continues to power the wireless communication module U2 through MOS transistor Q1, allowing U2 to continue operating. At this time, the input of the insertion / removal detection circuit, lacking power input, drops from Vusb to 0V, causing the insertion / removal detection circuit to detect the change in voltage. When the output of the detection circuit changes from high to low, the wireless communication module U2 receives an external interrupt caused by this change and randomly enters the interrupt service routine. In the interrupt service routine, the power-off process is performed, and after the process is completed, it waits for the external power to be cut off. When the capacitor C12 in the delay switch circuit discharges to the base voltage required to maintain the normal conduction of the transistor, the transistor Q2 turns off, causing Vgs of the MOSE transistor Q1 to be equal to VDC. The MOSE transistor Q1 turns off, and the wireless communication module U2 is powered off, completing the normal power-off process. This avoids damage to the wireless communication module caused by a sudden power outage when the USB wireless network card is unplugged.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By utilizing the characteristics of supercapacitors, such as higher energy density than ordinary capacitors but lower than lithium batteries, lower power density than ordinary capacitors but higher than lithium batteries, shorter charging time, longer service life, better temperature characteristics, energy saving, and environmental friendliness, and combining them with ordinary DC-DC step-down circuits and simple delay switching circuits to form a stable power supply system, this invention avoids the disadvantages of using other energy storage components such as lithium batteries, such as safety, size, and cost. It can reduce design difficulty and save costs, while making the 5G USB millimeter-wave wireless network card more refined, compact, stable, convenient, safe, and with a longer service life. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit and method for the USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed herein, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0017] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outer side", "upper", "inner side", "horizontal", "coaxial", "center", "end", "length", "outer end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0019] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0020] The terms used in this invention, such as “above,” “over,” “below,” and “under,” indicating spatial relative position, are for illustrative purposes to describe the relationship of one unit or feature relative to another unit or feature as shown in the accompanying drawings. The terms of spatial relative position may be intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation other than those shown in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, a unit described as being “below” or “under” other units or features would be located “above” other units or features. Therefore, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise) and the spatially related descriptive terms used herein shall be interpreted accordingly.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "socket," "connect," "through," and "plug-in" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] like Figure 1As shown, a power supply circuit for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card according to the present invention includes a USB socket CN1, an input filtering circuit, a plug-in / plug-out detection circuit, a DC-DC step-down circuit, a supercapacitor C11, a delay switch circuit, a filter capacitor C13, a filter capacitor C14, and a wireless communication module U2; the USB socket CN1 is interconnected with the input filtering circuit, the plug-in / plug-out detection circuit, the DC-DC step-down circuit, the supercapacitor C11, the delay switch circuit, the filter capacitor C13, the filter capacitor C14, and the wireless communication module U2 to form a circuit;

[0023] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor C11 is 2F; U2 is a 5G millimeter-wave communication module with an operating voltage range of 3.2-4.4V.

[0024] In this embodiment, the input filter circuit consists of ferrite bead FB1, ferrite bead FB2, ferrite bead FB3, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2.

[0025] In this embodiment, the insertion / removal detection circuit consists of resistors R1 and R2; the DC-DC step-down circuit consists of integrated chip U1, inductor L1, capacitors C3, C6, C4, C5, C7, C9, C10, resistors R3, R4, and R5, with an output voltage VDC = 4.0V. Chip U1 is model RT6206BHGSP.

[0026] In this embodiment, the delay switch circuit consists of capacitor C12, resistors R6, R7, R8, R9, resistor R8, MOSE transistor Q1, and transistor Q2, with R6 = 100K and C12 = 10u.

[0027] The present invention provides a power supply method for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: After the USB connector CN1 is plugged into the computer's USB port, current flows out of the computer's USB port (the computer mentioned in this example is a general laptop or desktop computer, assuming its USB output power is a maximum of 5V, 2A). After passing through the input filter circuit, it reaches the input terminal of the DC-DC step-down circuit. After being stepped down by the DC-DC converter, it charges the supercapacitor C11. The charging time T1 = C11 * VDC = 2F x 4.0V = 8S. The delay circuit consists of resistor R6 and capacitor C12. The circuit begins to operate. Capacitor C12 is slowly charged through resistor R6. The charging time is T2 = 9 * R6 * C12 = 9 x 100k x 10uf = 9 seconds. Once capacitor C12 is fully charged, since T2 > T1, supercapacitor C11 has already been fully charged, and the VDC voltage has stabilized. Because the base of transistor Q2 is at a high level, transistor Q2 conducts, causing Vgs of MOS transistor Q1 to equal -VDC. At this time, MOS transistor Q1 also begins to conduct, and the wireless communication module U2 is powered on, entering normal power-on mode. This avoids damage to the USB wireless network card caused by powering on when the power supply is unstable immediately after plugging in the USB.

[0029] Step 2: When the wireless communication module U2 encounters high-speed download or upload data during normal operation, its power requirements will increase dramatically. The power supply capacity and response speed of the computer's USB port are insufficient to meet the transient requirements. At this time, the supercapacitor C11 will play its peak output assistance function. Due to the supercapacitor's characteristic of instantaneous high current discharge, it can promptly supplement the extra power required by the wireless communication module U2. Assuming that the maximum additional current that the supercapacitor needs to supplement instantaneously is 5A, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] C=(Uwork+Umin)*I*T / (Uwork*Uwork-Umin*Umin), where C=2F, Uwork=4.0V,

[0031] With Umin = 3.2V and I = 5A, we can calculate T = 320ms. At this point, the total power of the 5G millimeter-wave communication module is P = 5V x 2A + 5A x 4.0V = 30W. Alternatively, assuming the supercapacitor requires an additional average current of 0.5A, we can calculate it using the following formula: C = (Uwork + Umin) * I * T / (Uwork * Uwork - Umin * Umin), where C = 2F, Uwork = 4.0V, Umin = 3.2V, and I = 0.5A. This gives T = 3.2s, and the total power of the 5G millimeter-wave communication module is P = 5V x 2A + 0.5A x 4.0V = 22W. The calculations above show that adding a 2F supercapacitor enables the USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card to meet peak power requirements of up to 30W for a duration of 320ms, and ultra-high power requirements of 22W for a duration of more than 3.2s. This fully meets the needs of practical applications. In addition, for added security, a safety time setting can be implemented in the software. For example, after 3 seconds of ultra-high power, the transmission speed can be automatically adjusted. When the data transmission speed decreases or the data transmission volume decreases, and the power required by the wireless communication module U2 drops below the normal output power of USB (P = 5V x 2A = 10W), part of the power output from the USB port is used for the wireless communication module U2, and the excess power is automatically used to charge the supercapacitor C11. In this way, the supercapacitor C11 will work continuously in a cycle, thereby ensuring that the wireless communication module U2 can always work normally.

[0032] Step 3: When the USB connector CN1 is unplugged from the computer's USB port, the capacitor C12 in the delay switch circuit needs a certain amount of time to discharge, causing the transistor Q2 to remain on for a period of time. When the transistor Q2 is on, the Vgs of the MOSE transistor Q1 is -VDC, and the MOSE transistor Q1 will also remain on. At the same time, since the supercapacitor C11 stores some charge, it will continue to supply power to the wireless communication module U2 through the MOSE transistor Q1, and the wireless communication module U2 will continue to work. At this time, since there is no power input, the voltage at the input terminal of the plug-in / plug-out detection circuit jumps from Vusb to 0V, causing the output pin to jump from high level to low level. The wireless communication module U2 will receive an external interrupt generated by this change, randomly enter the interrupt service routine, and perform shutdown processing in the interrupt service routine. After processing, it waits for the external power to be cut off. When capacitor C12 in the delay switch circuit discharges to a level that is no longer sufficient to maintain the base voltage required for the transistor to conduct normally, transistor Q2 turns off, causing Vgs of MOS transistor Q1 to equal VDC. MOS transistor Q1 then turns off, powering down the wireless communication module U2 and completing the normal shutdown process. This avoids damage to the wireless communication module caused by a sudden power outage when the USB wireless network card is unplugged.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] Utilizing the advantages of supercapacitors—higher energy density than ordinary capacitors but lower than lithium batteries, lower power density than ordinary capacitors but higher than lithium batteries, shorter charging time, longer lifespan, better temperature characteristics, energy saving, and environmental friendliness—a stable power supply system is formed by combining a common DC-DC step-down circuit and a simple delay switching circuit. This avoids the disadvantages of using other energy storage components such as lithium batteries, such as safety, size, and cost. It reduces design difficulty and saves costs, making the 5G USB millimeter-wave wireless network card more refined, compact, stable, convenient, safe, and with a longer lifespan.

[0035] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without inventive effort should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit and method for a USB 5G millimeter-wave wireless network card, characterized in that: The device includes a USB connector CN1, an input filtering circuit, a plug-in / plug-out detection circuit, a DC-DC step-down circuit, a supercapacitor C11, a delay switch circuit, a filter capacitor C13, a filter capacitor C14, and a wireless communication module U2. The USB connector CN1 is interconnected with the input filtering circuit, the plug-in / plug-out detection circuit, the DC-DC step-down circuit, the supercapacitor C11, the delay switch circuit, the filter capacitor C13, the filter capacitor C14, and the wireless communication module U2 to form a circuit. The input filter circuit consists of ferrite bead FB1, ferrite bead FB2, ferrite bead FB3, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2. The insertion / removal detection circuit consists of resistors R1 and R2; The DC-DC step-down circuit consists of an integrated chip U1, an inductor L1, capacitors C3, C6, C4, C5, C7, C9, C10, resistors R3, R4, and R5. The delay switch circuit consists of capacitor C12, resistors R6, R7, R8, R9, R8, MOS transistor Q1, and transistor Q2. Step 1: After plugging the USB connector CN1 into the computer's USB port, current flows out of the computer's USB port, passes through the input filter circuit, and reaches the input terminal of the DC-DC step-down circuit. After being stepped down by the DC-DC converter, it charges the supercapacitor C11. The charging time is T1 = C11 * VDC. At the same time, the delay circuit composed of resistor R6 and capacitor C12 in the delay switch circuit starts to work. Capacitor C12 is slowly charged through resistor R6. The charging time is T2 = 9 * R6 * C12. Set reasonable parameters so that T2 > T1. In this way, when capacitor C12 is fully charged, supercapacitor C11 is already fully charged in advance, and the VDC voltage has stabilized. Since the base of transistor Q2 is at a high level, transistor Q2 conducts, causing Vgs of MOS transistor Q1 to be -VDC. At this time, MOS transistor Q1 also begins to conduct, and the wireless communication module U2 is powered on and enters the normal power-on mode. This avoids damage to the USB wireless network card caused by powering on when the power supply is unstable immediately after plugging in the USB. Step 2: Supercapacitor C11 performs its peak output assistance function. Due to the instantaneous high-current discharge characteristic of supercapacitors, it can promptly replenish the extra power required by the wireless communication module U2, ensuring uninterrupted communication. When the data transmission speed decreases or the data transmission volume decreases, and the power required by the wireless communication module U2 drops below the normal output power of the USB, part of the power output from the USB port goes to the wireless communication module U2, and the excess part automatically charges supercapacitor C11, causing supercapacitor C11 to continuously operate in a cycle. Step 3: When the USB connector CN1 is unplugged from the computer's USB port, because capacitor C12 in the delay switching circuit requires a certain amount of time to discharge, transistor Q2 will remain on for a period of time. When transistor Q2 is on, Vgs of MOSFET Q1 = -VDC, and MOSFET Q1... Transistor Q1 will remain on. Simultaneously, due to the stored charge in supercapacitor C11, it will continue to power the wireless communication module U2 through MOSFET Q1, allowing U2 to continue operating. At this time, the input of the insertion / removal detection circuit, lacking power input, will change from Vusb to 0V, causing the output of the circuit to change from high to low. U2 will receive an external interrupt from this change, randomly entering the interrupt service routine. The interrupt service routine will handle the shutdown process and then wait for external power failure. When capacitor C12 in the delay switch circuit discharges to a level insufficient to maintain the transistor's normal conduction, transistor Q2 will turn off, causing Vgs of MOSFET Q1 to equal VDC. MOSFET Q1 will then turn off, powering down U2 and completing the normal shutdown process. This avoids damage to the wireless communication module caused by a sudden power failure when the USB wireless network card is removed.

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