Power supply, filter control and dynamic adaptive voltage positioning

Abstract

This disclosure relates to power supply, filter control, and dynamic adaptive voltage positioning. An apparatus includes a filter for receiving a signal indicating current supplied by an output voltage to power a dynamic load. The filter generates a filtered signal from the received signal. A reference voltage generator generates a target setpoint voltage based on the filtered signal. The target setpoint voltage is used to control (e.g., adjust) the magnitude of the output voltage. The apparatus also includes a filter controller for dynamically changing the operating settings of the filter. For example, the filter controller reduces the bandwidth for filtering the signal in response to detecting: i) the magnitude of the output voltage drops below an output voltage threshold, and ii) the magnitude of a received VID value is greater than the VID threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to power supplies and filters, and more particularly to power supply and filter control and dynamic adaptive voltage positioning. Background Technology

[0002] One type of conventional power converter is the buck converter. Typically, to maintain the output voltage within a desired range, the controller in the buck converter compares the magnitude of the generated output voltage with a setpoint reference voltage. Based on the corresponding error voltage, the controller modifies the appropriate switching frequency and / or pulse width modulation associated with activating the high-side or low-side switching circuitry in the buck converter.

[0003] In some cases, the controller controls the operation of the buck converter and the generation of the output voltage based on the amount of output current supplied to the load by the generated output voltage. For example, conventional techniques involve receiving a so-called VID (Voltage Identifier) ​​from a load such as a processor powered by the output voltage. The VID indicates the voltage setting associated with the regulation of the output voltage. The buck converter's controller adjusts the target setpoint voltage (Vtarget) based on the VID voltage setting, the load line function of the power supply, and the output current Iout supplied to the dynamic load (processor), such that:

[0004] Vtarget = VID - Iout × loadline (Formula 1)

[0005] The power supply controller adjusts the output voltage supplied to the load based on the target setpoint voltage Vtarget.

[0006] Active voltage positioning (AVP) refers to setting the power supply output voltage to a setpoint reference voltage that depends on the load current. For example, under minimum load, the output voltage is set above the nominal voltage level. Under full load, when the load draws the maximum current, the output voltage is set below the nominal voltage level. This effectively reduces DC load regulation while significantly improving load transient voltage deviation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Implementing clean energy (or green technologies) is crucial for reducing human impact on the environment. In general, clean energy encompasses any evolving methods and materials used to reduce the overall environmental toxicity of energy consumption.

[0008] This disclosure includes observations that raw energy, such as that received from green or non-green energy sources, typically needs to be converted into an appropriate form (such as the required AC voltage, DC voltage, etc.) before it can be used to power terminal devices such as servers, computers, mobile communication devices, wireless base stations, etc. In some cases, the energy is stored in one or more corresponding battery resources. Alternatively, energy may be received from a voltage generator or voltage source.

[0009] Whether energy comes from green or non-green sources, we aim to utilize the raw energy they provide (e.g., storage and subsequent distribution) most efficiently to reduce our environmental impact. This openness helps reduce our carbon footprint and enables better energy use through more efficient energy conversion.

[0010] This disclosure also includes observations that conventional techniques involve setting the AVP bandwidth and applying it to any load step events discussed earlier. A low AVP bandwidth facilitates fast Vmode load transients but impairs regular load transients with small duty cycles. In this case, more output capacitors are needed in the power supply to meet the requirements of both fast Vmode and regular load transients at different load frequencies (300Hz to 1MHz) and load duty cycles (10% to 90%). Adding more output capacitors to the power supply is undesirable because it increases the size of the power supply and the overall cost of manufacturing it.

[0011] The embodiments described herein include novel methods for providing improved power conversion performance by implementing filter control and adaptive voltage positioning.

[0012] More specifically, embodiments of this document include an apparatus comprising a filter (e.g., a controllable filter), a reference voltage generator, and a filter controller. During operation, the filter receives a signal indicating the magnitude of the current supplied by the output voltage to power a dynamic load. The filter generates a filtered signal from the received signal. The reference voltage generator generates a target setpoint voltage based on the filtered signal. The target setpoint voltage is used as the basis for controlling (regulating) the magnitude of the output voltage supplying power to the dynamic load. As discussed herein, the filter controller dynamically adjusts the filter's operating settings, such as based on one or more monitored parameters, such as the magnitude of the output voltage, the magnitude of the target setpoint voltage, or a combination of the magnitudes of the output voltage and the target setpoint voltage.

[0013] Further embodiments of this document include adjusting the operating settings of the filter, at least in part, based on the magnitude of the output voltage, via a filter controller. Alternatively, the filter controller may adjust the operating settings of the filter based on changes in the magnitude of a target setpoint voltage.

[0014] In yet another example embodiment, the filter controller discussed herein includes a first comparator and a second comparator. The first comparator compares the magnitude of the output voltage to an output voltage threshold. The second comparator compares the magnitude of a received VID value (e.g., received from a load or other suitable entity, such as a CPU) to a second threshold. The filter's operational settings (e.g., configuration settings) include the bandwidth for filtering the received signal (indicating the magnitude of the current supplied to the dynamic load by the output voltage). In one embodiment, the controller reduces the bandwidth for filtering the signal via the filter in response to detecting that: i) the magnitude of the output voltage exceeds an output voltage threshold (e.g., a VTRIP threshold value), and / or ii) the magnitude of the VID exceeds a VID threshold.

[0015] In a further example embodiment, the filter is a low-pass filter. The operating settings modified by the filter controller include the time constant of the low-pass filter. In one embodiment, the controller increases the magnitude of the low-pass filter's time constant in response to a detected change in the current consumption of a dynamic load.

[0016] Further embodiments of this document include adjusting one or more filters, at least temporarily, during adaptive voltage positioning under the control of a filter controller, to reduce the rate of change of the filtered signal over time.

[0017] In a further example embodiment, the reference voltage generator generates a target setpoint voltage based on a voltage identifier (VID) value provided by a dynamic load or other suitable entity. In one embodiment, the target setpoint voltage, Vt (generated by the reference voltage generator), is equal to: VID – (IoutF × LL), where VID = a voltage identifier value such as that generated by a dynamic load or other suitable entity, IoutF = the magnitude of the filtered signal, and LL = a load line value (such as in ohms) derived from a load line function associated with a voltage converter that operates to convert the input voltage to the output voltage.

[0018] These and other more specific embodiments are disclosed below in more detail.

[0019] Note that while the embodiments discussed herein can be applied to power converters, the concepts disclosed herein can be advantageously applied to any other suitable topology as well as general power control applications.

[0020] Note that any resources discussed herein may include one or more computerized devices, mobile communication devices, servers, base stations, wireless communication devices, communication management systems, workstations, user equipment, handheld or laptop computers, etc., to perform and / or support any or all of the methods disclosed herein. In other words, one or more computerized devices or processors may be programmed and / or configured to operate as explained herein to perform the various embodiments described herein.

[0021] Other embodiments herein also include software programs for performing the steps and operations summarized above and disclosed in detail below. One such embodiment includes a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (i.e., any computer-readable hardware storage medium) on which software instructions are encoded for subsequent execution. When executed in a computerized device (hardware) having a processor, the instructions program and / or cause the processor (hardware) to perform the operations disclosed herein. These configurations are typically provided as software, code, instructions, and / or other data (e.g., data structures) configured or encoded on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium such as an optical medium (e.g., a CD-ROM), floppy disk, hard disk, memory stick, storage device, etc., or on other media such as firmware in one or more ROMs, RAMs, PROMs, etc., or as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. Software or firmware or other such configurations may be installed on a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform the techniques explained herein.

[0022] Therefore, the embodiments herein are directed to methods, systems, computer program products, etc., that support the operations discussed herein.

[0023] One embodiment of this document includes a computer-readable storage medium and / or system having instructions stored thereon. When executed by computer processor hardware, the instructions cause the computer processor hardware (e.g., one or more processor devices located at the same or different locations) to: filter a received signal indicating the magnitude of a current supplied by an output voltage to power a dynamic load; generate a target setpoint voltage based on the filtered signal, the target setpoint voltage being used to control the magnitude of the output voltage; and dynamically change the operational settings for filtering the received signal via the filter.

[0024] For clarity, the order of the steps above has been added. Note that any of the processing steps discussed herein can be performed in any suitable order.

[0025] Other embodiments of this disclosure include software programs and / or corresponding hardware to perform any of the methods, embodiments, steps, and operations summarized above and disclosed in detail below.

[0026] It should be understood that the systems, methods, apparatuses, instructions on computer-readable storage media, etc., described herein may also be strictly embodied as software programs, firmware, software, hardware and / or a mixture of firmware, or solely as hardware, such as within a processor (hardware or software), or within an operating system, or within a software application.

[0027] As discussed herein, the techniques described herein are well-suited for use in implementing one or more inductor components to deliver current to a load. However, it should be noted that the embodiments described herein are not limited to such applications, and the techniques discussed herein are also well-suited for other applications.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that although each of the various features, techniques, configurations, etc., described herein may be discussed in different places, it is intended that each concept may optionally be practiced independently or in combination with each other where appropriate. Therefore, one or more of the inventions described herein can be embodied and observed in many different ways.

[0029] Furthermore, it should be noted that the preliminary discussion of the embodiments herein (a brief description of the embodiments) intentionally does not specify every embodiment and / or incrementally novel aspect of this disclosure or the claimed invention. Rather, this brief description presents only general embodiments and points of novelty relative to conventional art. For additional details and / or possible perspectives (arrangements) of the invention, the reader refers to the detailed description section of this disclosure (which is a further overview of the embodiments) and the corresponding figures discussed below. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is an example general diagram of a power supply that provides current to a dynamic load through an inductor (one or more inductors) of a switching power supply, according to embodiments of this document.

[0031] Figure 2 This is an example diagram illustrating the implementation of the operation of the power converter and the filter control according to embodiments of this document.

[0032] Figure 3 This is an example diagram illustrating a filter controller according to an embodiment of this document.

[0033] Figure 4 This is an example timing diagram illustrating filter control during adaptive voltage positioning according to embodiments of this document.

[0034] Figure 5 This is an example timing diagram illustrating the side-by-side differences in achieving adaptive voltage positioning with and without filter adjustment according to embodiments of this document.

[0035] Figure 6This is an example diagram illustrating computer processor hardware and related software instructions for performing methods according to embodiments of this article.

[0036] Figure 7 This is an example diagram illustrating a method according to an embodiment of this document.

[0037] Figure 8 This is an example diagram illustrating the assembly of a circuit according to an embodiment of this document.

[0038] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description of preferred embodiments herein, as shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference characters refer to the same parts in different views. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are intended to illustrate embodiments, principles, concepts, etc. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Embodiments of this document include an apparatus comprising a filter for receiving a signal indicating the magnitude of a current supplied by an output voltage to power a dynamic load. The filter generates a filtered signal from the received signal. A reference voltage generator generates a target setpoint voltage based on the filtered signal. The target setpoint voltage is used as the basis for controlling (e.g., regulating) the magnitude of the output voltage.

[0040] The device also includes a filter controller for dynamically changing the operating settings of the filter. For example, in a non-limiting example embodiment, the filter controller reduces the bandwidth, cutoff frequency, etc. of the signal being filtered in response to detecting one or more conditions, such as: i) the magnitude of the output voltage is lower than an output voltage threshold, and ii) the magnitude of a received VID value (e.g., from a load or other suitable entity) is greater than a second threshold.

[0041] Now, more specifically, Figure 1 This is an example general diagram of the power supply and corresponding components according to embodiments of this article.

[0042] In this example embodiment, the power supply 100 includes a power converter 135, a current monitor 150, a filter 125, and a filter controller 141.

[0043] Power converter 135 includes a reference voltage generator 137, a controller 140, and a voltage converter 165. Voltage converter 165 includes a switch 125 and an inductor such as one or more inductor devices 144.

[0044] During operation, under the control of switch 125, voltage converter 165 converts the received input voltage 121 into an output voltage 123. The output voltage 123 and the corresponding output current 122 (i.e., I0) LOAD It supplies power to dynamic load 118 and capacitor 136.

[0045] As further shown, the current monitor 150 receives one or more signals 132, such as a feedback signal associated with the voltage converter 165. In one embodiment, the output current measurement 150 physically measures and / or estimates the output current 122 supplied to the combination of the capacitor 136 and the dynamic load 118 via the inductor 144, through one or more signals 132.

[0046] More specifically, based on the feedback signal 132, the current monitor 150 generates a current sensing signal 152 (i.e., inductor output current information), which indicates the magnitude of the output current 122 provided by the output voltage 123 to the load 118 and the capacitor 136.

[0047] Note that the current monitor 150 (e.g., an output current measurement resource) includes any appropriate circuitry to monitor the amount of current flowing through the inductor 144.

[0048] For example, in one embodiment, the current monitor 150 is or includes one or more analog-to-digital converters to measure the voltage across a resistive element (e.g., a resistive element or separate component inherent to the inductor 144 itself) in the power converter through which the inductor output current 122 flows.

[0049] As another non-limiting example embodiment, the current monitor 150 may be configured to include one or more analog-to-digital converters and / or corresponding circuitry that generate an actual sampled measurement of the output current 122. This may include techniques such as measuring the voltage across the inductor 144 of the corresponding voltage converter 165 and implementing so-called DCR measurements to detect the output current 122.

[0050] Optionally, as mentioned, embodiments of this document include monitoring the voltage of the resistive element, for example, the voltage across R through which the output current 122 flows when the low-side switching circuit is turned on. DSON (Resistance of the high-side switching circuit and / or low-side switching circuit between the drain and source nodes).

[0051] Another embodiment includes determining the magnitude of the output current 122 via current mirroring technology.

[0052] Therefore, any appropriate type of measurement and / or estimation can be performed to detect or determine the magnitude or change in magnitude of the output current 122 through the inductor 144.

[0053] As further shown, the current monitor 150 provides the generated signal 152 (indicating the magnitude of the output current 122 through the inductor 144) to the input of the filter 125. As its name suggests, the filter 125 filters the received signal 152 and generates a filtered signal 152-F (which enables adaptive voltage positioning based on the current consumption of the load line and the dynamic load 118) provided to the reference voltage generator 137.

[0054] The filter controller 141 generates filter settings 148 for the filter 125. The filter settings 140 control the degree (e.g., bandwidth, frequency, time constant, etc.) of filtering the received signal 152 and generating the filtered signal 152-F.

[0055] In one embodiment, the filter controller 141 generates filter settings 148 based on the magnitude of the output voltage 123 and / or one or more VID values ​​received from a dynamic load 118 (e.g., a CPU) or other suitable entity in the power supply 100. Typically, the VID value indicates a voltage at which the output voltage 123 is regulated.

[0056] As further shown, the power supply 100 discussed herein includes a switch controller 140. As the name suggests, the switch controller 140 controls the switching of the switch 125 to convert the input voltage 121 into the output voltage 123.

[0057] Therefore, embodiments of this document include an apparatus comprising a filter 125 (e.g., a controllable filter), a reference voltage generator 137, and a filter controller 141. The filter 125 receives a signal 152 indicating the magnitude of a current 122 supplied by an inductor 144 to power a dynamic load 118. The filter 125 generates a filtered signal 152-F from the received signal 152.

[0058] The reference voltage generator 137 generates the target setpoint voltage 145 based on the filtered signal 152-F.

[0059] In one embodiment, the target setpoint voltage 145 is also used to control (regulate) the magnitude of the output voltage 123 supplied to the dynamic load 118.

[0060] As previously described, the filter controller 141 dynamically adjusts the operating settings of the filter 125 based on one or more monitoring parameters, such as the magnitude of the output voltage 123, the magnitude of the target setpoint voltage 145, a combination of the magnitude of the output voltage 123 and the magnitude of the VID value from the load 118 or other suitable entity.

[0061] Figure 2More detailed, non-limiting example embodiments of implementing and controlling switch 125 and control filter 125 in power supply 100 are shown and discussed.

[0062] Figure 2 This is an example diagram illustrating the implementation of the operation of the power converter and the filter control according to embodiments of this document.

[0063] In this non-limiting example embodiment, voltage converter 165-1 is configured as a buck converter, including voltage source 220 (providing input voltage 121), switch Q1, switch Q2, inductor 144, and output capacitor 136 (e.g., one or more capacitors).

[0064] Note that power supply 100 may include any number of voltage converters operating in parallel to generate a corresponding output voltage 123. Each voltage converter operates in a manner similar to voltage converter 165-1.

[0065] although Figure 2 The voltage converter 165-1 in the document is shown as a buck converter configuration, but again note that the voltage converter 165 can be instantiated as any suitable type of voltage converter and include any number of phases to provide regulation of the corresponding output voltage 123 as described herein.

[0066] As further shown in this example embodiment, the switches Q1 and Q2 of the voltage converter 165-1 are connected in series between the input voltage 121 and the corresponding ground reference.

[0067] For example, the drain node (D) of switch Q1 is connected to voltage source 220 to receive input voltage 121. Switch controller 140 uses control signal 105-1 to drive the gate node (G) of switch Q1 to turn switch Q1 on and off.

[0068] The source node (S) of switch Q1 is connected to the drain node (D) of switch Q2 at node 296. Switch controller 140 drives the gate node (G) of switch Q2 with control signal 105-2. The source node (S) of switch Q2 is connected to ground.

[0069] As previously described, voltage converter 165 also includes inductor 144. Inductor 144 extends (e.g., is connected) from node 296 to output capacitor 136 and dynamic load 118.

[0070] Switches Q1 and Q2 are switched based on corresponding control signals 105-1 (applied to the gate G of switch Q1) and 105-2 (applied to the gate G of switch Q2). Node 296, which couples the source (S) node of switch Q1 and the drain (D) node of switch Q2, provides an output current 122 through inductor 144, resulting in an output voltage 123 and a corresponding output current I. LOAD This supplies power to load 118 and energizes capacitor 136.

[0071] Typically, current I LOAD The magnitude of the current is approximately equal to the magnitude of the output current 122 through inductor 144. Current monitor 150 measures the output current 122 through inductor 144 using one or more signals 132. Signal 152 indicates the magnitude of the current through inductor 144.

[0072] As previously described, filter 125 receives signal 152 (i.e., Iout). Based on the filtering applied by filter 125, as indicated by filter setting 148 generated by filter controller 141, filter 125 generates filtered signal 152-F (IoutF).

[0073] The reference voltage generator 137 receives multiple inputs, such as a filter signal 152-F, load line setting information 159 (e.g., LL), and a VID (voltage identifier) ​​value received from the dynamic load 118.

[0074] In one embodiment, the dynamic load 118 includes a dynamic load manager 118-M. The dynamic load manager 118-M or other suitable entity generates a corresponding voltage identification value VID (code or command) provided to the reference voltage generator 137.

[0075] Load line setting information 159 (also referred to as LL) indicates attributes associated with the operating power supply 100 based on adaptive voltage positioning. For example, in one embodiment, load line setting information 159 is the impedance value assigned to voltage converter 165-1. As discussed further below, reference voltage generator 137 uses load line setting information 159 as a basis to generate target setpoint voltage 145.

[0076] More specifically, in this non-limiting example embodiment, the reference voltage generator 137 generates (through an adaptive voltage positioning function) a target setpoint voltage 145 based on one or more voltage identifier values ​​VID provided by the dynamic load 118 or other suitable entity. In one embodiment, the target setpoint voltage 145, also known as Vt, generated by the reference voltage generator 137 is equal to: VID – (IoutF × LL), where VID = the voltage identifier VID value received from the dynamic load 118 or other suitable entity, IoutF = the magnitude of the filter signal 152-F, and LL = the load line value (e.g., a value or setting in milliamperes) derived from the load line function 259 (also known as LL) associated with the voltage converter 165-1.

[0077] In one embodiment, load line configuration information 159 is provided by the respective operators and programmed into the power supply 100.

[0078] Reference voltage generator 137 outputs target setpoint voltage 145 to error voltage generator 142. Error voltage generator 142 uses the received target setpoint voltage 145 as the basis for adjusting the magnitude of output voltage 123.

[0079] For example, in one embodiment, controller 140 controls the switching of switches Q1 and Q2 based on one or more feedback parameters. For example, error voltage generator 137 receives output voltage feedback signal 123. The received feedback can be the output voltage 123 itself or a voltage derived from the output voltage 123, which is provided to dynamic load 118, as previously described. Figure 1 As discussed in [the document]. See again. Figure 2 The output voltage feedback signal received by the error voltage generator 142 can be generated using a resistor divider, wherein the output current 123 is divided into appropriate values ​​according to the settings of the resistor divider.

[0080] In a further example embodiment, error voltage generator 142 (e.g., implementing a comparator) generates a corresponding error voltage 162 based on the difference between output voltage 123 (or output voltage feedback signal) and target setpoint voltage 145 (e.g., reference voltage). The magnitude of the error voltage 162 generated by error voltage generator 142 varies depending on the degree of adjustment or non-adjustment of the magnitude of output voltage 123 (relative to target setpoint voltage 145).

[0081] As further shown, the controller 140 controls the switching operation of switches Q1 and Q2 based on the magnitude of the error voltage 162.

[0082] For example, if the error voltage 162 indicates that the output voltage 123 (of the voltage converter 165-1) becomes less than the target setpoint voltage 145, the controller 140 increases the duty cycle or frequency of activating the high-side switch Q1 in the corresponding switching control cycle (and thus decreases the duty cycle of activating the low-side switch Q2).

[0083] Conversely, if the error voltage 255 indicates that the output voltage 123 (of voltage converter 165-1) becomes greater than the target setpoint voltage 145, the controller 140 reduces the duty cycle or frequency of activating the high-side switch Q1 in the corresponding switching control cycle (and thus increases the duty cycle of activating the low-side switch Q2).

[0084] As is known in the art, controller 140 controls the on and off of each of switches Q1 and Q2 at different times to prevent input voltage 121 from short-circuiting to the ground reference voltage. For example, for the first part of the control cycle, when switch Q1 is activated to the on state, switch Q2 is deactivated to the off state. Conversely, when switch Q1 is deactivated to the off state, switch Q2 is activated to the on state.

[0085] Note that controller 140 implements a dead time between state on-off and off-on state transitions (both switches Q1 and Q2 are off) to prevent input voltage 121 from short-circuiting to the ground reference.

[0086] By controlling the variation of the modulation (and / or frequency modulation) pulses of each switch Q1 and Q2, the controller 140 controls the generation of the output voltage 123, so that the output voltage 123 is maintained within the desired voltage range relative to the reference voltage setpoint 235.

[0087] As previously described, the dynamic load 118-M or other suitable entity outputs a VID value to the filter controller 141 and the reference voltage generator 137. In one embodiment, the filter controller 141 uses the VID received from the dynamic load 118 (or other suitable entity) and the magnitude of the output voltage 123 as the basis for controlling the filter settings 148 applied to the filter 125.

[0088] More specifically, in one embodiment, power supply 100 operates in a so-called Adaptive Voltage Positioning (AVP) mode. For example, based on load line setting information 259 and the implementation of adaptive voltage positioning, when the output current 122 consumed by dynamic load 118 is very low (e.g., below 10 amps or other suitable value), reference voltage generator 137 adjusts the magnitude of target setpoint voltage 145 to a higher voltage; when the output current 122 consumed by dynamic load 118 is very high (e.g., above 50 amps or other suitable value), reference voltage generator 137 adjusts the magnitude of target setpoint voltage 145 to a lower voltage.

[0089] The following figures illustrate the implementation of different control signals and the magnitude of the inductor output current 122 during the adaptive voltage positioning operation of the power supply 100 over time.

[0090] To generate the output voltage 123, the controller 140 generates control signals 105 (control signal 105-1 and control signal 105-2) using a selected switching frequency. As previously described, the monitor 150 determines the magnitude of the output current 122 through the inductor 144 and generates a signal 152 indicating that magnitude.

[0091] When the high-side switch Q1 is on and the switch Q2 is off, the current 122 through the inductor 144 increases; when the high-side switch Q1 is off and the switch Q2 is on, the current 122 through the inductor 144 decreases. The filter 125 provides different degrees of filtering of the received signal 152 according to the input filter settings 148 received from the filter controller 141.

[0092] Figure 3 This is an example diagram illustrating a filter controller according to an embodiment of this document.

[0093] In this example embodiment, the filter controller 141 includes a comparator 311, a comparator 312, a logic 323 (e.g., an AND gate), and a multiplexer 314.

[0094] As shown, comparator 311 compares the VID value received from dynamic load 118 with VID threshold 320 (also known as preset VID threshold). In one embodiment, filter controller 141 receives VID threshold 320 from dynamic load 118-M or other suitable entity in the manner described above.

[0095] Based on this comparison, comparator 311 generates a comparison signal 311-1, which indicates whether a VID threshold 320 preset by the user operating power supply 100 is higher or lower than a VID value received from dynamic load 118 or other suitable entity. For example, when the VID value received from load 118 is greater than the VID threshold 320 (such as a preset VID value received from dynamic load 118 or other suitable entity), the output signal 311-1 from comparator 311 is set to logic high. Conversely, when the VID value received from dynamic load 118 is lower than the VID threshold 320 (the preset VID threshold), comparator 311 generates a comparison signal 311-1 that is logic low.

[0096] Additionally, comparator 312 compares the magnitude of the output voltage 123 with a VTRIP threshold 315 (e.g., a programming value provided during programming of power supply 100). Based on the comparison, comparator 312 generates a comparison signal 312-1 indicating whether the output voltage 123 is higher or lower than the VTRIP threshold 315. For example, when the output voltage 123 is less than the VTRIP threshold 315, the output signal 312-1 from comparator 312 is set to logic high. Conversely, when the output voltage 123 is higher than the VTRIP threshold 315, comparator 312 generates a comparison signal 312-1 that is logic low.

[0097] In a further example embodiment, filter controller 141 includes AND logic 323. AND logic 323 receives signals 311-1 and 312-1. AND logic 323 generates control signals via 323-1 and provides them to multiplexer 314.

[0098] Based on the state of control signal 323-1, multiplexer 314 switches between select filter setting 348-1 and filter setting 348-2 to generate filter setting 148 that provides (application) for controlling the operation of filter 125. For example, in this non-limiting example embodiment, when the output signal 323-1 from AND logic 323 is logic low (0), multiplexer 314 sets filter setting information 148 to a first filter setting 348-1, such as a default mode setting. When the control signal 323-1 from AND logic 323 is logic high (1), multiplexer 314 sets filter setting information 148 to a second filter setting 348-2.

[0099] As discussed further in this document, note that the filter settings specified by filter settings 348-1, 348-2, etc. indicate any suitable one or more parameters (e.g., low-pass filter, band-pass filter, time constant, etc.) used to control filter 125.

[0100] In one embodiment, filter setting information 348-1 indicates one or more of a corresponding bandwidth, cutoff frequency, time constant TC1, etc., which will be implemented by filter 125 to filter the received signal 152 (Iout) during non-transient current conditions.

[0101] The filter setting information 348-2 also indicates one or more of the following: bandwidth, cutoff frequency, time constant TC2, etc., which will be implemented by filter 125 to filter the received signal 152 (Iout) during transient current conditions.

[0102] As further discussed herein, the magnitude of the adjustment control signal 152-F of filter 125 and the corresponding filter setting 148 is relative to the degree to which signal 152 changes over time.

[0103] In one embodiment, filter setting 348-1 indicates a cutoff frequency of 75 kHz, or a time constant TC1, or other suitable value. Filter setting 348-2 indicates a cutoff frequency of 25 kHz, or a time constant TC2, or other suitable value.

[0104] Therefore, embodiments herein include adjusting the operating settings of filter 125 based on the magnitude of output voltage 123 via filter controller 141. Alternatively or additionally, filter controller 141 adjusts the operating settings of filter 125 based on changes in the magnitude of one or more VID values ​​received from dynamic load 118 or other suitable entity. In other words, the VID value is used as input to comparator 311. As previously described, filter controller 141 includes a first comparator 311 and a second comparator 312. Comparator 311 compares the magnitude of the VID value received from dynamic load 118 or other suitable entity with a user-preset VID threshold 320 associated with power supply 100. Comparator 312 compares the magnitude of output voltage 123 with an output voltage threshold (e.g., VTRIP threshold 315).

[0105] In one embodiment, as previously described, the operating settings (configuration settings) of filter 125 include settings such as the bandwidth of the filtered received signal 152 (indicating the magnitude of the current 122 supplied to the dynamic load 118 by the output voltage 123). Controller 141 reduces the bandwidth of the filtered signal 152 via filter 125 in response to detecting that signals 311-1 and 312-1 are both logic high, for example when: i) the magnitude of the output voltage 123 exceeds the output voltage threshold 315 (VTRIP) and ii) the magnitude of the VID value from the dynamic load 118 exceeds the VID threshold 320.

[0106] In a further example embodiment, the so-called "minimum fast Vmode VID threshold 1" (also referred to as VID threshold 320) is a threshold of VID command codes received from the dynamic load manager 118-M (e.g., a central processing unit or CPU) or other suitable entity. When power supply 100 is operational, dynamic load 118 sends different VID command codes to reference voltage generator 137 of voltage converter 165. As described herein, voltage converter 165 uses VID values ​​to generate output voltage 123. For example, as previously described, voltage converter 165 generates output voltage 123 as shown in Vt = VID - Iout × loadline. Therefore, output voltage 123 is typically equal to Vt during steady state. In one embodiment, VID values ​​such as command codes fall within a range such as 1.6VDC to 2VDC, although this varies depending on the application.

[0107] Furthermore, as previously described, embodiments herein include setting the so-called “minimum fast Vmode VID threshold 1” (aka VID threshold 320) to 1.7VDC or another suitable value. This means that if the voltage converter 165 receives a VID value (command) below 1.7VDC from the dynamic load manager 118-M (e.g., CPU), which in this case is 1.6V to 1.7V, the switching to apply filter setting 348-2 to filter 125 will not be activated. If the dynamic load 118 sends a VID value above 1.7VDC (VID threshold 320), the filter controller 141 activates the second setting 348-2 once the absolutely sensed output voltage 123 (Vout) is also below threshold 315 (VTRIP).

[0108] In one embodiment, threshold 315 is a fixed voltage threshold level compared to absolute sensing output voltage 123, which is controlled by a setpoint VID-Iout×loadline.

[0109] Figure 4 This is an example timing diagram illustrating dynamic filter control during adaptive voltage positioning according to embodiments of this document.

[0110] In this example embodiment, it is assumed that power supply 100 generates output voltage 123 at a first voltage setting AVP-SETTING#1 (target setpoint voltage 145) before time T1, because output current 122 is low, for example, less than 10 amps or other suitable value.

[0111] At time T1, the dynamic load 118 suddenly consumes more current 122, for example, exceeding 50 amperes or some other suitable value. In this situation, the reference voltage generator 137 adjusts the magnitude of the target setpoint voltage 145. However, recall that the adjustment of the target setpoint voltage 137 does not change immediately because the reference voltage generator 137 derives the target setpoint voltage 145 from the filtered signal 152-F, not from signal 152. The change in the filtered signal 152-F is slower than that of signal 152.

[0112] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Assuming the filter controller 141 is not operating in dynamic filter mode, in which the settings of filter 125 are adjusted, in such an embodiment, the filter controller 141 implements filter settings 348-1 at all times before and after time T2. In such an embodiment, filter 125 generates a filtered signal 152-F1; reference voltage generator 137 generates a target setpoint voltage 145-F1. Voltage converter 165 generates an output voltage 123-F1, which drops rapidly and is susceptible to undervoltage conditions, causing dynamic load 118 to reset.

[0113] Conversely, in another embodiment, it is assumed that the filter controller 141 does indeed operate in a dynamic filter mode, in which the settings of filter 125 are adjusted during adaptive voltage positioning. In such an embodiment, the filter controller 141 implements filter setting 348-1 before time T2. At time T2, a triggering event occurs, for example, when comparison signal 311-1 is logic high because the VID value received from dynamic load 118 is greater than the VID threshold 320, and comparison signal 312-1 is logic high because the output voltage 123-F2 is less than the VTRIP threshold 315. Therefore, at time T2, logic 323-1 switches from logic low to logic high. This causes multiplexer 314 to switch from implementing filter setting 348-1 to implementing filter setting 348-2. When comparison signal 323-1 is logic 1, filter controller 141 applies the second filter setting 348-2 to the filter. The result of dynamically switching the filter settings is that the received signal 152 is filtered more extensively by filter 125 to produce a filtered signal 152-F2. See the comparison between signal 152-F1 (fast response) and signal 152-F2 (slow response).

[0114] The differences in filtering are illustrated by the implementation of filter signal 152-F1 (the filtering of filter 125 remains unchanged) and the implementation of filter signal 152-F2 (the filtering of filter 125 changes from setting 348-1 to filter setting 348-2).

[0115] In one embodiment, filter 125 is a low-pass filter. If desired, the operational settings modified by filter controller 141 may include adjusting the time constant of the low-pass filter during adaptive voltage positioning. For example, in one embodiment, filter controller 141 increases the magnitude of the time constant of filter 125 in response to a detected change in current 122 consumed by dynamic load 118. Therefore, embodiments herein include, at least temporarily, reducing the rate of change of the filtered signal 152-F2 over time based on changes to filter settings 148 applied to filter 125 (e.g., an analog or digital filter) via filter controller 141.

[0116] like Figure 4 As further shown, the implementation of different filter settings, such as different time constants, depends on the state of the control signal 323-1 output from logic 323. For example, when the first filter setting 348-1 is implemented, the filter controller 141 sets the filter 125 to operate with a first time constant TC1. The implementation of the first time constant TC1 (static adaptive voltage positioning mode) is shown by the filter signal 152-F1. In this case, after a time equivalent to five time constants TC1 measured between time T2 and time T3, the filter signal 152-F1 essentially reaches the actual magnitude of the output current 122.

[0117] As previously described, when the second filter setting 348-2 is implemented during the adaptive voltage positioning transition, the filter controller 141 sets the filter 125 to operate under the second time constant TC2. The implementation of the second time constant TC2 is illustrated by the filter signal 152-F2. The filter setting 148-2 is applied to the filter 125 at time T2. In this case, after a 5-second time constant, as measured between time T2 and time T4, the filter signal 152-F2 essentially reaches the actual magnitude of the output current 122.

[0118] This comparison illustrates how changing the filter settings in dynamic adaptive voltage positioning mode causes the response output of output voltage 123 at or near times T1 and T2 during the detected adaptive voltage positioning transition to be slower.

[0119] Therefore, the implementation of the second filter setting 348-2 (e.g., time constant TC2 instead of the time constant TC1 associated with filter setting 348-1) slows down the rate at which the adaptive voltage positioning filter 125 and the target setpoint voltage 145 decrease, so that when the dynamic load 118 suddenly consumes more current 122 at or near times T1 and T2, the output voltage 123 does not drop below the corresponding minimum threshold during the transition.

[0120] Figure 5 This is an example timing diagram illustrating the difference between achieving adaptive voltage positioning with and without filter adjustment according to embodiments herein.

[0121] The timing diagram shows a side-by-side comparison of the implementation of the static adaptive voltage positioning filter setting (between times T10 and T14) and the dynamic adaptive voltage positioning filter setting (between times T20 and T24).

[0122] More specifically, in this example embodiment, assume that filter controller 141 applies filter setting 348-1 (and time constant TC1) between time T10 and time T14, even with adaptive voltage positioning voltage transitions. For example, at time T11, the dynamic load experiences a sudden increase in current consumption 122 (e.g., an adaptive voltage positioning trigger event). This causes the output voltage 123 to drop in the manner described above. In this example where the same filter setting 348-1 is implemented between time T10 and T14, the output voltage 123 drops below a threshold 501. Falling below threshold 501 causes the corresponding dynamic load 118 to be reset. This is undesirable because of the reset of the dynamic load 118 (e.g., the CPU).

[0123] Filter controller 141 dynamically applies filter settings 348-1 and 348-2 between time T20 and time T24, during which an adaptive voltage positioning transition occurs. For example, around time T21, dynamic load 118 experiences a sudden increase in current consumption 122. This causes the output voltage 123 to drop in the manner previously described. In this case, the filter controller implements filter setting 348-1 between time T20 and time T22. Upon a triggering event, such as around time T22, filter controller 141 switches to applying filter setting 348-2 (and time constant TC2 instead of time constant TC1) to filter 125. Due to the change in filter setting 348-2, the output voltage 123 drops, but does not fall below threshold 501. This prevents a reset condition that would otherwise occur between time T12 and T13. This is desirable because it prevents a reset of dynamic load 118 (e.g., CPU) during the adaptive voltage positioning transition.

[0124] Figure 6 This is an example block diagram of a computer device for implementing any of the operations discussed herein, according to embodiments thereof.

[0125] As shown in the figure, the computer system 600 of this example (e.g., implemented by any one of one or more resources such as filter controller 141, controller 140, current monitor 150, reference voltage generator 137, etc.) includes interconnect 611, which couples to a computer-readable storage medium 612 such as a non-transitory type of medium (or hardware storage medium) capable of storing and retrieving digital information, a processor 613 (e.g., computer processor hardware such as one or more processor devices), an I / O interface 614, and a communication interface 617.

[0126] I / O interface 614 provides connection to any suitable circuit, such as one or more voltage converters 165, filters 125, etc.

[0127] The computer-readable storage medium 612 can be any hardware storage resource or device such as a memory, optical storage, hard disk drive, floppy disk, etc. In one embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium 612 stores instructions and / or data used by the filter-controlled application 141-1 to perform any of the operations described herein.

[0128] Furthermore, in this example embodiment, the communication interface 617 enables the computer system 600 and processor 613 to communicate via resources such as network 190 to retrieve information from remote sources and communicate with other computers.

[0129] As shown in the figure, the computer-readable storage medium 612 is encoded by a filter control application 141-1 (e.g., software, firmware, etc.) executed by the processor 613. The filter control application 141-1 can be configured to include instructions for implementing any of the operations described herein.

[0130] During operation in one embodiment, the processor 613 accesses the computer-readable storage medium 612 via interconnect 611 to initiate, run, execute, interpret, or otherwise perform instructions in the filter control application 141-1 stored on the computer-readable storage medium 612.

[0131] The execution of filter control application 141-1 generates processing functions such as filter control procedure 141-2 in processor 613. In other words, filter control procedure 141-2 associated with processor 613 means that one or more aspects of filter control application 141-1 are executed within or on processor 613 in computer system 600.

[0132] According to different embodiments, note that computer system 600 may be a microcontroller device, logic, hardware processor, mixed analog / digital circuit, etc., configured to control power and perform any of the operations described herein.

[0133] Now will be passed Figure 7 The flowchart below discusses the features supported by different resources. Note that the steps in the flowchart below can be performed in any suitable order.

[0134] Figure 7 This is an example diagram illustrating a method for controlling a power converter according to embodiments of this document.

[0135] In processing operation 710, power supply 100 implements filter 125 to filter received signal 152, which indicates the magnitude of current 122 (e.g., current through inductor 144) provided by output voltage 123 to power dynamic load 118 and / or charge capacitor 136.

[0136] In processing operation 720, the reference voltage generator 135 of power supply 100 generates a target setpoint voltage 145 or Vt (also known as V-target) based on the filtered signal 152-F. The target setpoint voltage Vt is used to control the magnitude of the output voltage 123 generated by power supply 100.

[0137] In processing operation 730, filter controller 141 dynamically adjusts the operation settings of filter 125 to filter the received signal 152 and generate a filtered signal 152-F.

[0138] Figure 8 This is an example diagram illustrating the assembly of a power converter circuit on a circuit board according to embodiments of this document.

[0139] In this example embodiment, the assembler 840 receives the substrate 810 (e.g., a circuit board).

[0140] Assembler 840 fixes (couples) controller 140 and voltage converter 165 (and corresponding components associated with power converter 135) to substrate 810. Fabricator 840 also attaches filter control function 840 and corresponding components (monitor 150, filter controller 141, etc.) to substrate 810.

[0141] The assembler 840 couples the filter controller 141 to the power converter 135 via circuit path 820 (such as one or more traces, electrical conductors, cables, wires, etc.).

[0142] The assembler 840 couples the controller 140 to the voltage converter 165 via circuit path 821 (such as one or more traces, conductors, cables, wires, etc.). Note that components associated with the power converter 135, such as the controller 140, the voltage converter 165, and corresponding components such as the filter control function 840, can be fixed or coupled to the substrate 810 in any suitable manner. For example, one or more components of the power supply 100 can be soldered to the substrate, inserted into sockets provided on the substrate 810, etc.

[0143] Note further that substrate 810 is optional. Circuit paths 820, 821, 822, etc., can be provided in the cable that provides connectivity between power converter 135 and load 118.

[0144] In one non-limiting example embodiment, the dynamic load 118 is arranged independently of the substrate 810 on its own substrate; the substrate of the dynamic load 118 is directly or indirectly connected to the substrate 810. Any part of the controller 140 or the power converter 135 may be located on a separate, smaller board that is inserted into a socket of the substrate 810.

[0145] In a further example embodiment, the assembler 840 couples the voltage converter 165 to the load 118 via one or more circuit paths 822 (such as one or more traces, cables, connectors, wires, conductors, conductive paths, etc.). In one embodiment, the circuit path 822 delivers the output voltage 123 (and output current 122) generated by the voltage converter 165 to the load 118.

[0146] Therefore, embodiments of this document include a system comprising: a substrate 810 (e.g., a circuit board, a stand-alone board, a motherboard, a stand-alone board predetermined to be coupled to a motherboard, a host, etc.); a voltage converter 165 including corresponding components as described herein; and a dynamic load 118. As previously described, the dynamic load 118 is powered based on the transmission of an output voltage 123 and a corresponding current 122, which are transmitted from the voltage converter 165 to the dynamic load 118 and one or more capacitors 136 via one or more circuit paths 822.

[0147] Note that the dynamic load 118 can be any suitable circuitry or hardware, such as one or more CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), and ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, such integrated circuits include one or more artificial intelligence accelerators), which can be located on the substrate 810 or in a remote location.

[0148] It should be noted again that the techniques described herein are well-suited for use in circuit applications such as power conversion. However, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are not limited to such applications, and the techniques discussed herein are also well-suited for other applications.

[0149] Based on the description set forth herein, numerous specific details have been set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the claimed subject matter can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., which those skilled in the art will recognize, have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the claimed subject matter. Some portions of the detailed description have been presented based on algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data bits or binary digital signals stored in the memory of a computing system, such as computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions or representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the art of data processing to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. The algorithms described herein are generally considered to be self-consistent sequences of operations or similar processes that result in desired outcomes. In such cases, the operations or processes involve physical manipulations of physical quantities. Typically, although not strictly necessary, these quantities may take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transmitted, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated. Sometimes, primarily for common reasons, it is convenient to refer to such signals as bits, data, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, digits, or the like. However, it should be understood that all such terms and similar terms are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless otherwise specified, as is evident from the discussion below, it should be understood that in this specification, the use of terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “determining,” etc., refers to the actions or processes of a computing platform such as a computer or similar electronic computing device that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within the computing platform’s memory, registers, or other information storage, transmission, or display devices.

[0150] Although the invention has been specifically shown and described with reference to its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. These changes are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention. Therefore, the foregoing description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting. Rather, any limitations on the invention are set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electronic device comprising: A filter is used to receive a signal indicating the magnitude of the current supplied by the output voltage to power a dynamic load, and the filter generates a filtered signal from the received signal. A reference voltage generator is used to generate a target setpoint voltage based on the filtered signal, the target setpoint voltage being used to control the magnitude of the output voltage; as well as A filter controller for dynamically changing the operating settings of the filter; The controller includes a first comparator and a second comparator; The first comparator operates to compare the magnitude of the output voltage with an output voltage threshold; and The second comparator operates to compare the magnitude of the voltage flag value received from the dynamic load with a preset voltage flag threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the target setpoint voltage is selected by an adaptive voltage positioning function.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage generator operates to control the operation settings of the filter based on the magnitude of the output voltage and the magnitude of a voltage flag value received from the dynamic load.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller operates to adjust the operating settings of the filter based on the magnitude of the output voltage.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller operates to adjust the operating settings of the filter based on changes in the magnitude of a voltage indicator value received from the dynamic load.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the operation settings of the filter include a bandwidth for filtering the signal; and The controller operates to reduce the bandwidth used to filter the signal in response to detecting: i) the magnitude of the output voltage exceeds the output voltage threshold, and ii) the magnitude of the voltage flag value exceeds the preset voltage flag threshold.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter is a low-pass filter; and The operating settings modified by the controller include the time constant of the low-pass filter; and The controller operates to increase the magnitude of the time constant of the low-pass filter in response to changes in the current consumption caused by the dynamic load.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter controller operates to reduce the rate at which the filtered signal changes over time.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage generator operates to generate the target setpoint voltage based on a voltage identifier value provided by the dynamic load, the voltage identifier value being generated via an adaptive voltage positioning function.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the target setpoint voltage generated by the reference voltage generator is equal to: VID–(IoutF × LL), Where VID = the voltage identifier value. IoutF = the magnitude of the filtered signal, and LL = Load line function associated with a voltage converter that operates to convert an input voltage to the output voltage.

11. A method for controlling a filter, comprising: A filter is implemented to filter the received signal to generate a filtered signal, the received signal indicating the magnitude of the current supplied by the output voltage to power a dynamic load; A target setpoint voltage is generated based on the filtered signal, and the target setpoint voltage is used to control the magnitude of the output voltage. as well as The operation settings of the filter used to filter the received signal are dynamically changed; The dynamic adjustment of the filtering settings for the received signal includes: The magnitude of the output voltage is compared with an output voltage threshold via a first comparator; as well as The voltage flag value received from the dynamic load is compared with a preset voltage flag threshold value via a second comparator.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Implement adaptive voltage positioning to generate the target setpoint voltage.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein dynamically changing the operation settings for filtering the received signal includes: The operation settings of the filter are controlled based on the magnitude of the output voltage and the magnitude of the voltage flag value received from the dynamic load.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein dynamically changing the operation settings for filtering the received signal includes: The operating settings of the filter are adjusted based on the magnitude of the output voltage.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein dynamically changing the operation settings for filtering the received signal includes: The operating settings of the filter are adjusted based on the change in the voltage indicator value received from the dynamic load.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the operation settings of the filter include a bandwidth for filtering the signal, the method further comprising: In response to detecting that: i) the magnitude of the output voltage exceeds the output voltage threshold, and ii) the magnitude of the voltage flag value exceeds the preset voltage flag threshold, the bandwidth for filtering the signal is reduced.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the operation settings include the time constant of the low-pass filter, and the method further comprises: In response to a change in the magnitude of the current supplied to the dynamic load, the magnitude of the time constant of the low-pass filter is increased.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Reduce the rate at which the filtered signal changes over time.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising: The target setpoint voltage is generated based on the voltage identifier value provided by the dynamic load, the voltage identifier value being generated by implementing an adaptive voltage positioning function.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: The target setpoint voltage is generated to be equal to: VID–(IoutF × LL), Where VID = the voltage identifier value. IoutF = the magnitude of the filtered signal, and LL = Load line function associated with a voltage converter that operates to convert an input voltage to the output voltage.

21. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by computer processor hardware, cause the computer processor hardware to: The received signal is filtered to generate a filtered signal, the received signal indicating the magnitude of the current supplied by the output voltage to power a dynamic load; A target setpoint voltage is generated based on the filtered signal, and the target setpoint voltage is used to control the magnitude of the output voltage. and The operation settings for filtering the received signal can be dynamically changed; The dynamic adjustment of the filtering settings for the received signal includes: The magnitude of the output voltage is compared with an output voltage threshold via a first comparator; as well as The voltage flag value received from the dynamic load is compared with a preset voltage flag threshold value via a second comparator.

22. An electronic system comprising: Circuit board; The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is coupled to the circuit board; and The load is coupled to the substrate.

23. A method for assembling an electronic device, comprising: Receiver circuit board; as well as The electronic device of claim 1 is coupled to the circuit board.

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