A railway freight car body steel structure assembly size automatic detection device and method

Abstract

The present application discloses an automatic detection device and method for the assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure, belonging to the technical field of railway freight car assembly; the dynamic detection device comprises: a detection host and a first distance measuring component, a second distance measuring component, a third distance measuring component and a fourth distance measuring component connected thereto; wherein the first distance measuring component and the second distance measuring component are respectively arranged on both sides of the length direction of the car body with a first set spacing, and measure the distance to the first side wall and the second side wall of the car body; the third distance measuring component and the fourth distance measuring component are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of the car body with a second set spacing, and measure the distance to the third side wall and the fourth side wall of the car body; the detection host obtains the length and width of the car body and the outline of the car body based on the first set spacing, the second set spacing and the distance to each side wall, thereby calculating the diagonal difference. The present application discloses that the automatic detection device and method can improve the measurement efficiency and accuracy, and reduce the labor intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of railway freight car assembly, and in particular, relates to a device and method for automatically detecting assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure. Background Art

[0002] When assembling the steel structure components of a railway freight car body, it is necessary to measure the dimensions of the assembly position to ensure assembly accuracy and reliability. In the prior art, after the end wall and side wall are in place, long tape measures, plumb lines and other tools are usually used to measure the length, width, diagonal difference, end wall verticality, and upper beam lateral bend of the car body steel structure; in order to ensure the assembly accuracy of the car body steel structure, multiple fixations and adjustments are usually required, which makes the entire operation cumbersome, time-consuming, inefficient, and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides a device and method for automatically detecting the assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure, aiming to at least achieve the technical effect of reducing the complexity, time consumption, and labor intensity of assembly measurement operations to a certain extent, and improving operation efficiency and measurement accuracy. To this end,

[0004] An automatic detection device for the assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application comprises: a detection host and a first distance measuring component, a second distance measuring component, a third distance measuring component and a fourth distance measuring component connected thereto;

[0005] The first distance measuring component and the second distance measuring component are respectively arranged at two sides of the length direction of the vehicle body at a first set interval L9 to measure the distance to the first side wall and the second side wall of the vehicle body, and the first distance measuring component measures a first distance L1 and a second distance L2 to the first side wall at a first distance measuring point and a second distance measuring point, respectively, and the second distance measuring component measures a third distance L3 and a fourth distance L4 to the second side wall at a third distance measuring point and a fourth distance measuring point, respectively;

[0006] The third distance measuring component and the fourth distance measuring component are spaced apart by a second set distance L 10 They are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of the vehicle body, and measure the distances to the third side wall and the fourth side wall of the vehicle body, and the third distance measuring component measures the fifth distance L5 and the sixth distance L6 of the third side wall at the fifth distance measuring point and the sixth distance measuring point, respectively, and the fourth distance measuring component measures the seventh distance L7 and the eighth distance L8 of the fourth side wall at the seventh distance measuring point and the eighth distance measuring point, respectively;

[0007] The detection host determines the vehicle body length as (L9-L1-L3) based on the first set spacing L9, the first distance L1 and the third distance L3, and determines the vehicle body length as (L9-L1-L3) based on the second set spacing L 10The first distance L5 and the third distance L7 determine the vehicle width to be (L 10 -L5-L7);

[0008] The detection host determines the outline of the vehicle body based on the point coordinates of the first ranging point, the second ranging point, the third ranging point, the fourth ranging point, the fifth ranging point, the sixth ranging point, the seventh ranging point and the eighth ranging point and the corresponding first distance L1, the second distance L2, the third distance L3, the fourth distance L4, the fifth distance L5, the sixth distance L6, the seventh distance L7 and the eighth distance L8, thereby determining the diagonal difference of the vehicle body.

[0009] Furthermore, the railway freight car body steel structure assembly size automatic detection device further comprises: a fifth distance measuring component, a sixth distance measuring component, a seventh distance measuring component and an eighth distance measuring component connected to the detection host;

[0010] The fifth distance measuring component is disposed outside the first side wall and measures a ninth distance M9 to the first side wall at a ninth distance measuring point, and a line connecting the ninth distance measuring point and the first distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body;

[0011] The sixth distance measuring component is disposed outside the second side wall and measures a tenth distance M to the second side wall at a tenth distance measuring point. 10 , and a line connecting the tenth distance measuring point and the third distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body;

[0012] The seventh distance measuring component is disposed outside the third side wall and measures an eleventh distance M to the third side wall at an eleventh distance measuring point. 11 , and a line connecting the eleventh distance measuring point and the fifth distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body;

[0013] The eighth distance measuring component is disposed outside the fourth side wall and measures a twelfth distance M to the fourth side wall at a twelfth distance measuring point. 12 , and a line connecting the twelfth distance measuring point and the seventh distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body;

[0014] The detection host uses the deviation between the first distance L1 and the ninth distance M9 as the verticality deviation of the first side wall, and uses the deviation between the third distance L3 and the ninth distance M9 as the verticality deviation of the first side wall. 10 The deviation value is used as the verticality deviation of the second side wall, based on the fifth distance L5 and the eleventh distance M 11 The deviation value is used as the verticality deviation of the third side wall, based on the seventh distance L7 and the twelfth distance M 12The deviation value is taken as the verticality deviation of the fourth side wall.

[0015] Furthermore, the automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure further comprises: a ninth distance measuring component connected to the detection host;

[0016] The ninth distance measuring assembly is arranged along the length direction of the upper beam of the vehicle body, and measures a plurality of consecutive thirteenth distances N1 to N2 to the upper beam at a plurality of consecutive distance measuring points in the length direction of the upper beam. n ;

[0017] Wherein, the detection host is based on the plurality of thirteenth distances N1 to N n The shape curve of the upper beam in the length direction is obtained by fitting to obtain the lateral bending of the upper beam.

[0018] Further, the first distance measuring component includes: a first distance measuring instrument and a second distance measuring instrument;

[0019] The first distance meter and the second distance meter are connected to the detection host respectively, and the first distance meter and the second distance meter are respectively arranged at the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point.

[0020] Further, the second distance measuring component includes: a third distance measuring instrument and a fourth distance measuring instrument;

[0021] The third rangefinder and the fourth rangefinder are connected to the detection host respectively, and the third rangefinder and the fourth rangefinder are respectively arranged at the third rangefinder point and the fourth rangefinder point;

[0022] The first distance meter and the third distance meter are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom of the vehicle body, and the connection direction of the first distance measuring point and the third distance measuring point is set along the length direction of the vehicle body.

[0023] Further, the first distance meter and the second distance meter are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom of the vehicle body, and the connection direction of the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point is set along the width direction of the vehicle body.

[0024] Further, the fifth ranging component includes a ninth ranging instrument, and the ninth ranging instrument is arranged at the first ranging point.

[0025] Furthermore, the ninth distance measuring assembly includes a plurality of thirteenth distance measuring instruments arranged along the length direction of the upper beam, and the plurality of thirteen distance measuring instruments are arranged at equal intervals.

[0026] Furthermore, the thirteenth rangefinder is a laser rangefinder.

[0027] A method for automatically detecting assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure adopts the automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure.

[0028] The embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The automatic detection device and method for the assembly dimensions of the steel structure of a railway freight car body provided in the embodiment of the present application respectively arrange the first distance measuring component, the second distance measuring component, the third distance measuring component and the fourth distance measuring component on the four side directions of the car body to measure the distance to each side wall of the car body, so that the detection host can obtain the width and length of the car body in combination with the spacing between each distance measuring component and the measured distance of each side wall; at the same time, based on the above-mentioned distance measuring components, two distances can be obtained by obtaining two distance measuring points on the same side wall under the same height condition, so that the contour of the car body can be simulated based on the coordinate system in combination with the coordinates of the distance measuring points, so as to obtain the length and difference of the two diagonals of the car body; thereby, automatic measurement is achieved as a whole, which greatly improves the operating efficiency and measurement accuracy, and reduces labor intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the principle of the method for detecting the length, width and diagonal difference of the vehicle body in the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the principle of a method for detecting the verticality of a vehicle body in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the principle of a method for detecting lateral bending of an upper side beam of a vehicle body in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] In addition, the present application may repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples, and such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present application provides various specific examples of processes and materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0036] The present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0037] The automatic detection device for the assembly dimensions of the steel structure of a railway freight car body provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to measure the width, length, diagonal difference, and even the verticality of each side wall of the car body and the lateral bending of the upper side beam during the assembly process of the car body; the automatic measurement and calculation of various parameters are mainly achieved through the detection host and the corresponding ranging components arranged around the car body detection position, thereby greatly improving the detection operation efficiency and reliability, and reducing labor intensity.

[0038] The details will be explained below.

[0039] See also Figure 1 The automatic detection device for the assembly size of the steel structure of the railway freight car body includes: a detection host and a first distance measuring component 110, a second distance measuring component 120, a third distance measuring component 210 and a fourth distance measuring component 220 connected thereto; the first distance measuring component 110, the second distance measuring component 120, the third distance measuring component 210 and the fourth distance measuring component 220 are respectively arranged on the outside of the four side walls of the car body 300, measure the distance to the corresponding side walls, and then send it back to the detection host, and then obtain the width, length and diagonal difference of the car body 300 through a preset calculation model.

[0040] The first distance measuring component 110 and the second distance measuring component 120 are respectively arranged at both sides of the length direction of the vehicle body 300 with a first set spacing L9, and measure the distance between the first side wall and the second side wall of the vehicle body 300, and the first distance measuring component 110 measures the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 of the first side wall at the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point, respectively, and the second distance measuring component 120 measures the third distance L3 and the fourth distance L4 of the second side wall at the third distance measuring point and the fourth distance measuring point, respectively; thus, the detection host determines the length of the vehicle body 300 as (L9-L1-L3) based on the received first set spacing L9, the first distance L1 and the third distance L3, which is convenient for guiding the assembly adjustment of the vehicle body. The first distance measuring instrument and the third distance measuring instrument are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom of the vehicle body, and the connecting direction of the first distance measuring point and the third distance measuring point is arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body. The first distance meter 111 and the second distance meter 112 are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom of the vehicle body, and the connection direction of the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point is set along the width direction of the vehicle body 300 .

[0041] Similarly, the third distance measuring component 210 and the fourth distance measuring component 220 are spaced apart by a second set distance L 10 The third distance measuring component 210 measures the fifth distance L5 and the sixth distance L6 of the third side wall at the fifth distance measuring point and the sixth distance measuring point, respectively, and the fourth distance measuring component 220 measures the seventh distance L7 and the eighth distance L8 of the fourth side wall at the seventh distance measuring point and the eighth distance measuring point, respectively; thus, the detection host receives the second set distance L 10 The first distance L5 and the third distance L7 determine the vehicle width to be (L 10 -L5-L7), which is convenient for guiding the assembly and adjustment of the vehicle body.

[0042] In order to measure the diagonal difference of the vehicle body, the detection host can establish an arrangement coordinate point based on a plane coordinate system based on the point coordinates of the first ranging point, the second ranging point, the third ranging point, the fourth ranging point, the fifth ranging point, the sixth ranging point, the seventh ranging point and the eighth ranging point, and then respectively combine the corresponding first distance L1, the second distance L2, the third distance L3, the fourth distance L4, the fifth distance L5, the sixth distance L6, the seventh distance L7 and the eighth distance L8, so as to obtain two coordinate points on the four side walls respectively, so as to fit a contour line on the side wall, so as to obtain a closed quadrilateral to determine the contour of the vehicle body, and the point coordinates of the four vertices are also confirmed, so as to obtain the lengths of the two diagonals, thereby determining the diagonal difference of the vehicle body, which is convenient for guiding the assembly adjustment of the vehicle body.

[0043] It is worth noting that, in order to accurately determine the diagonal difference, the first ranging point, the second ranging point, the third ranging point, the fourth ranging point, the fifth ranging point, the sixth ranging point, the seventh ranging point and the eighth ranging point can be set at the same height relative to the bottom surface of the vehicle body 300, so as to avoid the height error affecting the measurement accuracy.

[0044] When the distance measurement is specifically implemented, the first distance measuring component 110 can be configured as a first distance measuring instrument 111 and a second distance measuring instrument 112, and can be configured at the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point, respectively measuring the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 from the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point to the first side wall, and combining the point coordinates of the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point to determine the contour line on the first side wall surface. Of course, it can also be configured as a distance measuring instrument, and the measurement of two points can be achieved by moving the iso-height track.

[0045] Similarly, the second distance measuring component 120 may also be configured as a third distance measuring instrument 121 and a fourth distance measuring instrument 122, which are respectively arranged at the third distance measuring point and the fourth distance measuring point; the third distance measuring component 210 may also be configured as a fifth distance measuring instrument 211 and a sixth distance measuring instrument 212, which are respectively arranged at the fifth distance measuring point and the sixth distance measuring point; the fourth distance measuring component 220 may also be configured as a seventh distance measuring instrument 221 and an eighth distance measuring instrument 222, which are respectively arranged at the seventh distance measuring point and the eighth distance measuring point. In addition, the first distance measuring instrument 111, the second distance measuring instrument 112, the third distance measuring instrument 121, the fourth distance measuring instrument 122, the fifth distance measuring instrument 211, the sixth distance measuring instrument 212, the seventh distance measuring instrument 221 and the eighth distance measuring instrument 222 are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom surface of the vehicle body 300.

[0046] It is worth noting that the first set distance L9 should be greater than the length of the vehicle body 300, and the second set distance L 10 It should be larger than the width of the vehicle body 300. To ensure the measurement accuracy, the first set distance L9 and the second set distance L 10 It should be as large as possible while adapting to the on-site working conditions to reduce accidental errors in calculations.

[0047] Similarly, the distance between the first rangefinder 111 and the second rangefinder 112 should be smaller than the width of the vehicle body 300, but should also be as large as possible, so that the accuracy and reliability of the fitted width contour straight line are higher; the distance between the fifth rangefinder 211 and the sixth rangefinder 212 should be smaller than the width of the vehicle body 300, but should also be as large as possible, so that the accuracy and reliability of the fitted length contour straight line are higher.

[0048] In this embodiment, the detection host can adopt a PLC programmable controller and run the above-mentioned conversion model of width, length and diagonal difference; and centrally collect the return data of each rangefinder and implement stable calculation.

[0049] See also Figure 2 On the other hand, the verticality of each side wall end wall 310 of the car body 300 relative to the bottom surface is also an important parameter in the assembly process; in order to determine the verticality deviation, the railway freight car body steel structure assembly size automatic detection device may also include: a fifth distance measuring component, a sixth distance measuring component, a seventh distance measuring component and an eighth distance measuring component connected to the detection host, which are respectively arranged on the outside of the first side wall, the second side wall, the third side wall and the fourth side wall to measure the distance to the corresponding side wall.

[0050] Specifically, the fifth distance measuring component is disposed outside the first side wall, and measures a ninth distance M9 to the first side wall at a ninth distance measuring point, and a line connecting the ninth distance measuring point and the first distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body.

[0051] The sixth distance measuring component is disposed outside the second side wall and measures a tenth distance M to the second side wall at a tenth distance measuring point. 10 , and a line connecting the tenth ranging point and the third ranging point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body.

[0052] The seventh distance measuring component is disposed outside the third side wall and measures an eleventh distance M to the third side wall at an eleventh distance measuring point. 11 , and a line connecting the eleventh ranging point and the fifth ranging point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body.

[0053] The eighth distance measuring component is disposed outside the fourth side wall and measures a twelfth distance M to the fourth side wall at a twelfth distance measuring point. 12 , and a line connecting the twelfth ranging point and the seventh ranging point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body.

[0054] The detection host uses the deviation between the first distance L1 and the ninth distance M9 as the verticality deviation of the first side wall, and uses the deviation between the third distance L3 and the ninth distance M9 as the verticality deviation of the first side wall. 10 The deviation value is used as the verticality deviation of the second side wall, based on the fifth distance L5 and the eleventh distance M 11 The deviation value is used as the verticality deviation of the third side wall, based on the seventh distance L7 and the twelfth distance M 12 The deviation value is taken as the verticality deviation of the fourth side wall.

[0055] It is worth noting that the fifth distance measuring component can be configured as a ninth distance measuring device 113, and the ninth distance measuring device is configured at the first distance measuring point. Similarly, the sixth distance measuring component, the seventh distance measuring component and the eighth distance measuring component can also be configured as distance measuring devices.

[0056] See also Figure 3 As a three-dimensional structure, the diagonal difference is extremely important for indicating the overall shape. For this reason, the automatic detection device for the assembly size of the railway freight car body steel structure also includes: a ninth distance measuring component 400, which is connected to the detection host and is used to measure and calculate the lateral bend of the upper measurement 350.

[0057] Specifically, the ninth distance measuring assembly 400 is arranged along the length direction of the upper beam 350 of the vehicle body 300, and measures a plurality of consecutive thirteenth distances N1 to N2 of the upper beam at a plurality of consecutive distance measuring points in the length direction of the upper beam 350. n Wherein, the detection host is based on the plurality of thirteenth distances N1 to N n The shape curve of the upper beam in the length direction is obtained by fitting to obtain the lateral bending of the upper beam.

[0058] That is, a plurality of thirteenth distances N1 to N2 are obtained by continuously measuring a plurality of distance points at the same height relative to the bottom surface of the vehicle body 300 and arranged along the length direction of the upper beam 350. n , so that the detection host can obtain a curve equation of a line consistent with the shape of the upper beam 350 by point fitting, thereby obtaining the side bend.

[0059] In order to improve the fitting accuracy, the ninth distance measuring assembly includes a plurality of thirteenth distance measuring instruments arranged along the length direction of the upper beam, and the plurality of thirteen distance measuring instruments are arranged at equal intervals.

[0060] In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the rangefinder involved in this embodiment can be set as a laser rangefinder.

[0061] The embodiment of the present application also provides a method for automatically detecting the assembly dimensions of the steel structure of a railway freight car body based on the above-mentioned device.

[0062] The embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0063] The automatic detection device and method for the assembly dimensions of the steel structure of a railway freight car body provided in the embodiment of the present application respectively arrange the first distance measuring component, the second distance measuring component, the third distance measuring component and the fourth distance measuring component on the four side directions of the car body to measure the distance to each side wall of the car body, so that the detection host can obtain the width and length of the car body in combination with the spacing between each distance measuring component and the measured distance of each side wall; at the same time, based on the above-mentioned distance measuring components, two distances can be obtained by obtaining two distance measuring points on the same side wall under the same height condition, so that the contour of the car body can be simulated based on the coordinate system in combination with the coordinates of the distance measuring points, so as to obtain the length and difference of the two diagonals of the car body; thereby, automatic measurement is achieved as a whole, which greatly improves the operating efficiency and measurement accuracy, and reduces labor intensity.

[0064] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0065] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0066] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0067] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0068] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0069] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0070] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0071] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic detection device for the assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure, characterized in that: include: A detection host and a first distance measuring component, a second distance measuring component, a third distance measuring component and a fourth distance measuring component connected thereto; The first distance measuring component and the second distance measuring component are respectively arranged at two sides of the length direction of the vehicle body at a first set interval L9 to measure the distance to the first side wall and the second side wall of the vehicle body, and the first distance measuring component measures a first distance L1 and a second distance L2 to the first side wall at a first distance measuring point and a second distance measuring point, respectively, and the second distance measuring component measures a third distance L3 and a fourth distance L4 to the second side wall at a third distance measuring point and a fourth distance measuring point, respectively; The third distance measuring component and the fourth distance measuring component are spaced apart by a second set distance L 10 They are respectively arranged on both sides of the width direction of the vehicle body, and measure the distances to the third side wall and the fourth side wall of the vehicle body, and the third distance measuring component measures the fifth distance L5 and the sixth distance L6 of the third side wall at the fifth distance measuring point and the sixth distance measuring point, respectively, and the fourth distance measuring component measures the seventh distance L7 and the eighth distance L8 of the fourth side wall at the seventh distance measuring point and the eighth distance measuring point, respectively; The detection host determines the vehicle body length as (L9-L1-L3) based on the first set spacing L9, the first distance L1 and the third distance L3, and determines the vehicle body length as (L9-L1-L3) based on the second set spacing L 10 The first distance L5 and the third distance L7 determine the vehicle width to be (L 10 -L5-L7); The detection host determines the contour of the vehicle body based on the point coordinates of the first ranging point, the second ranging point, the third ranging point, the fourth ranging point, the fifth ranging point, the sixth ranging point, the seventh ranging point and the eighth ranging point and the corresponding first distance L1, the second distance L2, the third distance L3, the fourth distance L4, the fifth distance L5, the sixth distance L6, the seventh distance L7 and the eighth distance L8, thereby determining the diagonal difference of the vehicle body; The automatic detection device for the assembly dimensions of the steel structure of the railway freight car body further comprises: a fifth distance measuring component, a sixth distance measuring component, a seventh distance measuring component and an eighth distance measuring component connected to the detection host; The fifth distance measuring component is disposed outside the first side wall and measures a ninth distance M9 to the first side wall at a ninth distance measuring point, and a line connecting the ninth distance measuring point and the first distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body; The sixth distance measuring component is disposed outside the second side wall and measures a tenth distance M to the second side wall at a tenth distance measuring point. 10 , and a line connecting the tenth distance measuring point and the third distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body; The seventh distance measuring component is disposed outside the third side wall and measures an eleventh distance M to the third side wall at an eleventh distance measuring point. 11 , and a line connecting the eleventh distance measuring point and the fifth distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body; The eighth distance measuring component is disposed outside the fourth side wall and measures a twelfth distance M to the fourth side wall at a twelfth distance measuring point. 12 , and a line connecting the twelfth distance measuring point and the seventh distance measuring point is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the vehicle body; The detection host uses the deviation between the first distance L1 and the ninth distance M9 as the verticality deviation of the first side wall, and uses the deviation between the third distance L3 and the tenth distance M 10 The deviation value is used as the verticality deviation of the second side wall, based on the fifth distance L5 and the eleventh distance M 11 The deviation value is used as the verticality deviation of the third side wall, based on the seventh distance L7 and the twelfth distance M 12 The deviation value is taken as the verticality deviation of the fourth side wall; The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of steel structure of railway freight car body further comprises: a ninth distance measuring component connected to the detection host; The ninth distance measuring component is arranged along the length direction of the upper beam of the vehicle body, and measures a plurality of consecutive thirteenth distances N1-N2 of the upper beam at a plurality of consecutive distance measuring points in the length direction of the upper beam. n ; Wherein, the detection host is based on the plurality of thirteenth distances N1~N n The shape curve of the upper beam in the length direction is obtained by fitting to obtain the lateral bending of the upper beam.

2. The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of railway freight car body steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first distance measuring component comprises: a first distance measuring instrument and a second distance measuring instrument; The first distance meter and the second distance meter are connected to the detection host respectively, and the first distance meter and the second distance meter are respectively arranged at the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point.

3. The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of railway freight car body steel structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second distance measuring component includes: a third distance measuring instrument and a fourth distance measuring instrument; The third rangefinder and the fourth rangefinder are connected to the detection host respectively, and the third rangefinder and the fourth rangefinder are respectively arranged at the third rangefinder point and the fourth rangefinder point; The first distance meter and the third distance meter are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom of the vehicle body, and the connection direction of the first distance measuring point and the third distance measuring point is set along the length direction of the vehicle body.

4. The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of railway freight car body steel structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first distance meter and the second distance meter are arranged at the same height relative to the bottom of the vehicle body, and the connection direction of the first distance measuring point and the second distance measuring point is set along the width direction of the vehicle body.

5. The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of railway freight car body steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fifth distance measuring component includes a ninth distance measuring instrument, and the ninth distance measuring instrument is arranged at the first distance measuring point.

6. The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of railway freight car body steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ninth distance measuring assembly includes a plurality of thirteenth distance measuring instruments arranged along the length direction of the upper beam, and the plurality of thirteen distance measuring instruments are arranged at equal intervals.

7. The automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of railway freight car body steel structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thirteenth rangefinder is a laser rangefinder.

8. A method for automatically detecting the assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure, characterized in that: An automatic detection device for assembly dimensions of a railway freight car body steel structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used.

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