The invention provides a part virtual
assembly method based on a three-dimensional
point cloud. Comprising the following steps: 1, acquiring
surface point cloud data of a measured piece; 2, registering the
point cloud to a design model of the part; 3, selecting a section according to the position of the design model, extracting contour points of the
point cloud on the section, and calculating part manufacturing deviation according to contour information; 4, planning an optimal
assembly sequence with the minimum overall deviation according to the manufacturing deviation of each part; and 5, for the part point cloud under the optimal
assembly sequence, extracting a section contour vertical to an assembly surface, calculating the distance between part boundary points, and outputting the assembly clearance of the part. According to the method, the overall and local features of the part
surface point cloud are mainly utilized to realize part virtual assembly and deviation detection, the
automation degree is high, the application range is wide, good stability and
repeatability are achieved, the part assembly result can be predicted, assembly can be guided, and the assembly quality of actual parts is effectively improved.