An angle sensor

Abstract

An angle sensor includes an outer cylinder, a rotating shaft axially fixed within the outer cylinder, and a movable ring sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft. The top of the rotating shaft contacts the top of the outer cylinder, and the bottom of the rotating shaft can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test. The outer wall of the middle of the rotating shaft is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the movable ring. One side of the movable ring slides with one side of the outer cylinder. A resistor slider is provided on the other side of the movable ring. The resistor slider slides with a fixed resistor vertically provided on the other side of the outer cylinder. The top and bottom of the fixed resistor are respectively connected to a first wire and a second wire, and the resistor slider is connected to a third wire. The working principle of this angle sensor is to first apply a DC voltage to the first wire and the second wire, and then measure the change in voltage between the third wire and the first wire before and after the rotating device under test rotates. The angular displacement and angular velocity of the rotating device are calculated based on this change. The manufacturing cost is low and the structural reliability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and in particular relates to an angle sensor which is suitable for measuring the angular displacement and angular velocity of a rotating device and has a simple structure and high structural reliability. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the commonly used angle sensors are mainly encoders, which are divided into two categories: incremental and absolute. During the use of encoders, at least the following problems exist:

[0003] 1. The incremental encoder first converts the angular displacement into a periodic electrical signal, and then converts the periodic electrical signal into a counting pulse. The number of pulses is used to represent the size of the angular displacement. However, the incremental encoder cannot maintain the shaft position signal. When the system has a power failure, the shaft position signal will be lost. In addition, the incremental encoder sometimes loses pulses or miscounts pulses due to interference and other reasons. Long-term use may cause increased measurement errors.

[0004] 2. Each position in the absolute encoder corresponds to a certain digital code, so its indication is only related to the starting and ending positions of the measurement, but not to the intermediate process of the measurement. Although the absolute encoder has the function of maintaining the shaft position signal, the structure of the absolute encoder is relatively precise. External force impact, lightning strike or electric welding may cause damage to the encoder. At the same time, the absolute encoder is relatively expensive.

[0005] Chinese Patent: The utility model with authorization announcement number CN202770851U and authorization announcement date 201303.06 discloses an angular velocity measuring device, including a power supply, a switch, a sliding rheostat, a voltmeter, a slider, a spring, a housing, and a guide rod. The power supply, the switch, and the sliding rheostat are connected in series, the two ends of the voltmeter are respectively connected to the sliding arm of the sliding rheostat and one end of the power supply, the sliding arm of the sliding rheostat is also fixed to the slider, the two sides of the slider are respectively connected to springs, the other ends of the two springs are respectively fixed to the two sides inside the housing, the guide rod passes through the slider and the spring, the slider is located in the middle of the guide rod, and the slider and the spring can both slide back and forth along the guide rod, the two ends of the guide rod are respectively fixed to the two sides inside the housing, the elastic force provided by the spring deformation is equal to the centripetal force exerted on the slider, and then combined with simple mathematical calculations to obtain the magnitude of the angular velocity of the rotating object to be measured, but the device cannot measure the angular displacement of the rotating object to be measured. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide an angle sensor which can measure the angular displacement and angular velocity of a rotating device and has a simple structure and high structural reliability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] An angle sensor includes an outer cylinder, a rotating shaft axially fixed inside the outer cylinder, and a movable ring sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft. The top of the rotating shaft contacts the top of the outer cylinder, and the bottom of the rotating shaft can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test. The outer wall of the middle of the rotating shaft is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the movable ring. One side of the movable ring slides with one side of the outer cylinder, and a resistance slider is provided on the other side of the movable ring. The resistance slider slides with a fixed resistor vertically provided on the other side of the outer cylinder. The top and bottom of the fixed resistor are respectively connected to a first wire and a second wire, and the resistance slider is connected to a third wire.

[0009] A first protrusion is provided on one side of the movable ring, one side of the first protrusion is fixedly connected to one side of the movable ring, and the other side of the first protrusion is slidably matched with a first sliding groove vertically opened on one side of the outer cylinder.

[0010] A second protrusion is provided on the other side of the movable ring, one side of the second protrusion is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable ring, and a mounting hole for mounting the resistance slider is opened on the other side of the second protrusion.

[0011] One side of the resistance slider is in contact with the inner wall of the mounting hole via a spring, and the other side of the resistance slider is in sliding engagement with a second sliding groove vertically provided on the fixed resistor.

[0012] The second chute is a V-shaped structure.

[0013] The outer cylinder includes a cylinder, an upper end cover installed on the top of the cylinder, and a lower end cover installed on the bottom of the cylinder. The first slide groove is vertically opened on one side of the cylinder, and a slot for accommodating a fixed resistor is vertically opened on the other side of the cylinder. The top outer wall of the rotating shaft contacts the inner wall of the groove opened in the middle of the upper end cover.

[0014] A rotating shaft is provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft, the top of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft, and the bottom of the rotating shaft passes through a through hole opened in the middle of the lower end cover and can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test through a coupling.

[0015] The diameter of the rotating shaft is smaller than the diameter of the rotation shaft.

[0016] A method for using an angle sensor, the method comprising the following steps in sequence:

[0017] The first step is to apply a DC voltage to both ends of the fixed resistor through the first wire and the second wire, and measure the voltage value between the first wire and the third wire;

[0018] Step 2: Connect the bottom of the rotating shaft to the rotating shaft of the device under test. After the rotating shaft rotates with the rotating shaft of the device under test for T seconds, measure the voltage value between the first wire and the third wire again.

[0019] Step 3: Calculate the angular velocity of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] In the above formula, T is the rotation time of the rotating shaft along with the rotating shaft of the device under test, U1 is the voltage value between the first and third wires measured before T seconds of rotation, U2 is the voltage value between the first and third wires measured after T seconds of rotation, V is the applied DC voltage value, P is the pitch of the thread on the rotating shaft, L is the effective length of the fixed resistor between the first and second wires, and ω is the angular velocity of the rotating shaft of the device under test.

[0022] The third step also includes calculating the angular displacement of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] In the above formula, Δθ is the angular displacement of the rotation axis of the device under test.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention relates to an angle sensor comprising an outer cylinder, a rotating shaft axially fixed within the outer cylinder, and a movable ring sleeved on the outer portion of the rotating shaft. The top of the rotating shaft contacts the top of the outer cylinder, the bottom of the rotating shaft can be connected to the rotating shaft of a device under test, the outer wall of the middle portion of the rotating shaft is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the movable ring, one side of the movable ring slides with one side of the outer cylinder, and a resistor slider is provided on the other side of the movable ring. The resistor slider slides with a fixed resistor vertically provided on the other side of the outer cylinder. The top and bottom of the fixed resistor are respectively connected to a first wire and a second wire, and the resistor slider is connected to a third wire. The working principle of the design is to first apply a DC voltage to the first and second wires of the fixed resistor, and then measure the change in voltage between the third wire on the resistor slider and the first wire on the fixed resistor before and after the rotating device under test rotates. The angular displacement and angular velocity of the rotating device can be calculated based on the voltage change. The angle sensor is not only simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost, but also has the function of maintaining the shaft position signal, is free of measurement error, and has high reliability. Therefore, the present invention can accurately measure the angular displacement and angular velocity of a rotating device, and is not only low in manufacturing cost but also highly reliable in structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of the inner and outer cylinders.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view of the inner and outer cylinders.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Front view of the middle movable ring.

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Top view of the middle movable ring.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the outer cylinder and the movable ring in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating shaft.

[0034] In the figure, the outer cylinder 1, the cylinder 11, the first slide groove 111, the slot 112, the upper end cover 12, the groove 121, the lower end cover 13, the through hole 131, the rotating shaft 2, the movable ring 3, the first protrusion 31, the second protrusion 32, the mounting hole 33, the spring 34, the resistance slider 4, the fixed resistor 5, the second slide groove 51, the first wire 6, the second wire 7, the third wire 8, and the rotating shaft 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0036] See also Figures 1 to 7 , an angle sensor, the angle sensor includes an outer cylinder 1, a rotating shaft 2 axially fixed inside the outer cylinder 1, and a movable ring 3 sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 2, the top of the rotating shaft 2 contacts the top of the outer cylinder 1, and the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test. The outer wall of the middle part of the rotating shaft 2 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the movable ring 3, one side of the movable ring 3 slides with one side of the outer cylinder 1, and a resistance slider 4 is provided on the other side of the movable ring 3. The resistance slider 4 slides with a fixed resistor 5 vertically arranged on the other side of the outer cylinder 1, and the top and bottom of the fixed resistor 5 are respectively connected to a first wire 6 and a second wire 7, and the resistance slider 4 is connected to a third wire 8.

[0037] A first protrusion 31 is provided on one side of the movable ring 3 , one side of the first protrusion 31 is fixedly connected to one side of the movable ring 3 , and the other side of the first protrusion 31 is slidably engaged with a first sliding groove 111 vertically opened on one side of the outer cylinder 1 .

[0038] A second protrusion 32 is provided on the other side of the movable ring 3 . One side of the second protrusion 32 is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable ring 3 . A mounting hole 33 for mounting the resistance slider 4 is provided on the other side of the second protrusion 32 .

[0039] One side of the resistor slider 4 abuts against the inner wall of the mounting hole 33 via the spring 34 , and the other side of the resistor slider 4 slides in cooperation with the second sliding groove 51 vertically provided on the fixed resistor 5 .

[0040] The second sliding groove 51 is a V-shaped structure.

[0041] The outer cylinder 1 includes a cylinder 11, an upper end cover 12 installed on the top of the cylinder 11, and a lower end cover 13 installed at the bottom of the cylinder 11. The first slide groove 111 is vertically opened on one side of the cylinder 11, and a slot 112 for accommodating the fixed resistor 5 is vertically opened on the other side of the cylinder 11. The top outer wall of the rotating shaft 2 contacts the inner wall of the groove 121 opened in the middle of the upper end cover 12.

[0042] A rotating shaft 9 is provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft 2. The top of the rotating shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft 2. The bottom of the rotating shaft 9 passes through the through hole 131 opened in the middle of the lower end cover 13 and can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test through a coupling.

[0043] The diameter of the rotating shaft 9 is smaller than the diameter of the rotating shaft 2 .

[0044] A method for using an angle sensor, the method comprising the following steps in sequence:

[0045] The first step is to apply a DC voltage to both ends of the fixed resistor 5 through the first wire 6 and the second wire 7, and measure the voltage value between the first wire 6 and the third wire 8;

[0046] Step 2: Connect the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 to the rotating shaft of the device under test. After the rotating shaft 2 rotates along with the rotating shaft of the device under test for T seconds, measure the voltage between the first wire 6 and the third wire 8 again.

[0047] Step 3: Calculate the angular velocity of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] In the above formula, T is the rotation time of the rotating shaft along with the rotating shaft of the device under test, U1 is the voltage value between the first and third wires measured before T seconds of rotation, U2 is the voltage value between the first and third wires measured after T seconds of rotation, V is the applied DC voltage value, P is the pitch of the thread on the rotating shaft, L is the effective length of the fixed resistor between the first and second wires, and ω is the angular velocity of the rotating shaft of the device under test.

[0050] The third step also includes calculating the angular displacement of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] In the above formula, Δθ is the angular displacement of the rotation axis of the device under test.

[0053] The principle of the present invention is described as follows:

[0054] The rotating shaft 2 in the angle sensor described in the present invention is axially fixedly installed inside the outer shell 1. The top of the rotating shaft 2 is a hemispherical structure, which is inserted into the groove 121 opened on the upper end cover 12 in the outer shell 1. The rotating shaft 9 at the lower part of the rotating shaft 2 passes through the through hole 131 opened on the lower end cover 13 in the outer shell 1 and can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test through a coupling. Under the action of the upper end cover 12 and the lower end cover 13, the rotating shaft 2 is axially fixed inside the outer shell 1. By appropriately adjusting the tightness of the upper end cover 12 and the lower end cover 13 in the outer shell 1, the rotating shaft 2 can be ensured to rotate around its axis.

[0055] The movable ring 3 is located inside the cylinder 11 in the outer shell 1 and is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 2. The internal thread of the movable ring 3 matches the external thread of the rotating shaft 2. The two sides of the movable ring 3 are respectively engaged with the two sides of the cylinder 11, which can ensure that the movable ring 3 will not rotate when the rotating shaft 2 rotates, but will move up and down along the rotating shaft 2 inside the cylinder 11. The rotating shaft 2 is only provided with an external thread in the middle part, which can ensure that the movable ring 3 will no longer move up and down with the rotation of the rotating shaft 2 after moving to the uppermost position or the lowermost position of the rotating shaft 2, thereby ensuring that the angle sensor is not damaged; the resistance slider 4 on the movable ring 3 ensures reliable contact between the resistance slider 4 and the fixed resistor 5 through the spring 34, thereby improving working reliability.

[0056] When using the angle sensor described in the present invention to measure angular displacement or angular velocity, the outer shell 1 on the angle sensor is first fixed on a special bracket, and the rotating shaft 9 at the lower end of the rotating shaft 2 is connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test through a coupling. The rotating shaft 2 on the angle sensor rotates along with the rotating shaft of the device under test. At the same time, under the interaction between the external thread of the rotating shaft 2 and the internal thread of the movable ring 3, the movable ring 3 moves upward or downward, and the resistance slider 4 on the movable ring 3 slides upward or downward on the fixed resistor 5 on the outer shell 1. Since the resistance value of the fixed resistor 5 is proportional to its length and the resistance value of the resistance slider 4 is small enough, the sliding distance of the resistance slider 4 on the fixed resistor 5, that is, the moving distance of the movable ring 3, can be calculated by measuring the change in resistance between the third wire 8 on the resistance slider 4 and the first wire 6 on the fixed resistor 5. The angular displacement and angular velocity of the rotating shaft 2 on the angle sensor can be further calculated.

[0057] To eliminate the influence of temperature on the measurement results, a stable 24V DC voltage can be applied between the first wire 6 and the second wire 7 of the fixed resistor 5, and then the resistance change between the third wire 8 on the resistor slider 4 and the first wire 6 on the fixed resistor 5 can be measured.

[0058] Example:

[0059] See also Figures 1 to 7 , an angle sensor, comprising an outer cylinder 1, a rotating shaft 2 arranged inside the outer cylinder 1, and a movable ring 3 sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 2, the outer cylinder 1 comprising a cylinder 11, an upper end cover 12 installed on the top of the cylinder 11, and a lower end cover 13 installed at the bottom of the cylinder 11, one side of the cylinder 11 is vertically provided with a first slide groove 111, and the other side of the cylinder 11 is vertically provided with a slot 112 for accommodating a fixed resistor 5, the top outer wall of the rotating shaft 2 is a semicircular structure, which contacts the inner wall of the groove 121 opened in the middle of the upper end cover 12, and the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 is provided with a rotating shaft 9, the diameter of the rotating shaft 9 is smaller than the diameter of the rotating shaft 2, the top of the rotating shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft 2, the bottom of the rotating shaft 9 passes through the through hole 131 opened in the middle of the lower end cover 13 and can be connected to the rotating shaft of the measured device through a coupling, and the middle outer wall of the rotating shaft 2 is provided An external thread is provided, and the external thread cooperates with the internal thread provided on the inner wall of the movable ring 3. A first protrusion 31 is provided on one side of the movable ring 3, and one side of the first protrusion 31 is fixedly connected to one side of the movable ring 3, and the other side of the first protrusion 31 slides and cooperates with the first slide groove 111. A second protrusion 32 is provided on the other side of the movable ring 3, and one side of the second protrusion 32 is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable ring 3. A mounting hole 33 for mounting the resistance slider 4 is provided on the other side of the second protrusion 32. One side of the resistance slider 4 is abutted against the inner wall of the mounting hole 33 through a spring 34, and the other side of the resistance slider 4 slides and cooperates with the second slide groove 51 vertically opened on the fixed resistor 5. The second slide groove 51 is a V-shaped structure. The top and bottom of the fixed resistor 5 are respectively connected to the first wire 6 and the second wire 7, and the resistance slider 4 is connected to the third wire 8;

[0060] The method of using the above angle sensor is as follows:

[0061] The first step is to apply a DC voltage to both ends of the fixed resistor 5 through the first wire 6 and the second wire 7, and measure the voltage value between the first wire 6 and the third wire 8;

[0062] Step 2: Connect the bottom of the rotating shaft 2 to the rotating shaft of the device under test. After the rotating shaft 2 rotates along with the rotating shaft of the device under test for T seconds, measure the voltage between the first wire 6 and the third wire 8 again.

[0063] The third step is to calculate the angular displacement and angular velocity of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula. The angular displacement calculation formula of the rotation axis of the device under test is:

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, T is the rotation time of the rotating shaft 2 along with the rotating shaft of the device under test, U1 is the voltage value between the first wire 6 and the third wire 8 measured before the rotation for T seconds, U2 is the voltage value between the first wire 6 and the third wire 8 measured after the rotation for T seconds, V is the applied DC voltage, specifically 24V DC voltage, P is the pitch of the thread on the rotating shaft 2, L is the effective length of the fixed resistor 5 between the first wire 6 and the second wire 7, and Δθ is the angular displacement of the rotating shaft of the device under test;

[0066] The calculation formula for the angular velocity of the rotating axis of the device under test is:

[0067]

[0068] In the above formula, ω is the angular velocity of the rotation axis of the device under test.

Claims

1. An angle sensor, characterized in that: The angle sensor comprises an outer cylinder (1), a rotating shaft (2) axially fixed inside the outer cylinder (1), and a movable ring (3) sleeved outside the rotating shaft (2), wherein the top of the rotating shaft (2) contacts the top of the outer cylinder (1), the bottom of the rotating shaft (2) can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test, the outer wall of the middle of the rotating shaft (2) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the movable ring (3), one side of the movable ring (3) is slidably matched with one side of the outer cylinder (1), and a resistance slider (4) is provided on the other side of the movable ring (3), the resistance slider (4) is slidably matched with a fixed resistor (5) vertically provided on the other side of the outer cylinder (1), the top and bottom of the fixed resistor (5) are respectively connected to the first wire (6) and the second wire (7), and the resistance slider (4) is connected to the third wire (8); A first protrusion (31) is provided on one side of the movable ring (3), one side of the first protrusion (31) is fixedly connected to one side of the movable ring (3), and the other side of the first protrusion (31) is slidably engaged with a first sliding groove (111) vertically provided on one side of the outer cylinder (1); A second protrusion (32) is provided on the other side of the movable ring (3), one side of the second protrusion (32) is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable ring (3), and a mounting hole (33) for mounting the resistance slider (4) is provided on the other side of the second protrusion (32); One side of the resistance slider (4) abuts against the inner wall of the mounting hole (33) via a spring (34), and the other side of the resistance slider (4) slides in cooperation with a second sliding groove (51) vertically provided on the fixed resistor (5); The method for using the angle sensor comprises the following steps in sequence: The first step is to apply a DC voltage to both ends of the fixed resistor (5) through the first wire (6) and the second wire (7), and measure the voltage value between the first wire (6) and the third wire (8); Step 2: Connect the bottom of the rotating shaft (2) to the rotating shaft of the device under test, and after the rotating shaft (2) rotates along with the rotating shaft of the device under test for T seconds, measure again the voltage value between the first wire (6) and the third wire (8); Step 3: Calculate the angular velocity of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula: ； In the above formula, is the rotation time of the rotating axis (2) along the rotating axis of the device under test, is the voltage value between the first conductor (6) and the third conductor (8) measured before the rotation T seconds, is the voltage value between the first conductor (6) and the third conductor (8) measured after rotating for T seconds, is the applied DC voltage value, is the pitch of the thread on the rotating shaft (2), is the effective length between the first wire (6) and the second wire (7) on the fixed resistor (5), is the angular velocity of the rotation axis of the device under test.

2. The angle sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The second chute (51) is a V-shaped structure.

3. An angle sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outer cylinder (1) comprises a cylinder (11), an upper end cover (12) mounted on the top of the cylinder (11), and a lower end cover (13) mounted on the bottom of the cylinder (11); the first chute (111) is vertically opened on one side of the cylinder (11); a slot (112) for accommodating a fixed resistor (5) is vertically opened on the other side of the cylinder (11); and the top outer wall of the rotating shaft (2) contacts the inner wall of a groove (121) opened in the middle of the upper end cover (12).

4. The angle sensor according to claim 3, wherein: A rotating shaft (9) is provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft (2), the top of the rotating shaft (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft (2), and the bottom of the rotating shaft (9) passes through a through hole (131) opened in the middle of the lower end cover (13) and can be connected to the rotating shaft of the device under test through a coupling.

5. The angle sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the rotating shaft (9) is smaller than the diameter of the rotating shaft (2).

6. The method for using an angle sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The third step also includes calculating the angular displacement of the rotation axis of the device under test according to the following formula: ； In the above formula, is the angular displacement of the rotation axis of the device under test.

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