A simple loading horizontal force similar simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The application discloses a simple loading horizontal force similar simulation test device and a test method. The device comprises a base, left and right stands, a cross beam and split side guards. The left and right stands are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the base. The cross beam is arranged at the upper ends of the left and right stands. The split side guards are detachably connected with the left and right stands. The front and rear split side guards, the left and right stands and the base form a similar simulation space. Horizontal loading assemblies are arranged between the similar simulation material and the left and right stands. The horizontal loading assemblies replace the loading iron plate. The manual pressure ball or the pressure pump replaces the hydraulic cylinder with large mass and volume. The driving is more flexible and simple. The air can be supplemented or released according to the actual situation. The horizontal force can be loaded on the similar simulation rock stratum at different heights in the similar simulation space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of similar simulation test for mining, in particular to a similar simulation test device and a test method for simply loading horizontal force. Background Art

[0002] Ground subsidence induced by large-scale mining often leads to damage to surface buildings and structures, and even serious casualties. Currently, simulation experiments using similar materials are one of the important research methods to study this problem.

[0003] The production principle of this method is to use the model to be similar to the prototype, and to observe the stress and strain parameters and their distribution laws in the model in the laboratory with the help of pressure testers, strain detectors, etc., so as to roughly restore the rock mechanics phenomena and rock pressure and strain field distribution laws occurring in the prototype model.

[0004] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG, during the simulation process, the simulated material needs to be horizontally loaded. In the prior art, horizontal loading is performed by driving a hydraulic cylinder to load a horizontal steel plate, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 , to achieve horizontal extrusion of the simulated material, but the hydraulic cylinder has a large mass and volume, and does not move during the experiment, which will take up a lot of experimental space; in addition, as the simulation content increases, the horizontal loading position also increases accordingly, and more hydraulic cylinders need to be added. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a similar simulation test device and test method for simple loading horizontal force which is easy to move, cheap and can be loaded in different levels.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A similarity simulation test device for simply loading horizontal forces comprises a base, a left upright frame, a right upright frame, a crossbeam, and a split side guard plate, wherein the left upright frame and the right upright frame are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the base, the two ends of the crossbeam are respectively mounted on the upper ends of the left upright frame and the right upright frame, the two ends of the split side guard plate are respectively detachably connected to the left upright frame and the right upright frame, the front split side guard plate, the rear split side guard plate, the left upright frame, the right upright frame, and the base form a similar simulation space, and similar simulation materials are arranged inside the similar simulation space;

[0008] Horizontal loading components are provided between the similar simulation material and the left vertical frame, and between the similar simulation material and the right vertical frame.

[0009] The above-mentioned similar simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force, the horizontal loading component includes channel steel and horizontal force loading air bag; the channel steel is U-shaped channel steel; on the left side: the U-shaped leg of the channel steel abuts on the left vertical frame, and the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the channel steel abuts on the similar simulation material; on the right side: the U-shaped leg of the channel steel abuts on the right vertical frame, and the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the channel steel abuts on the similar simulation material; a horizontal force loading air bag is provided in the U-shaped groove of the channel steel; similar simulation material is laid on the inner sides of the left channel steel and the right channel steel.

[0010] In the similar simulation test device for simply loading horizontal force, a metal tube is provided between the upper and lower adjacent channel steels, and the outer diameter of the metal tube is 5-10 mm.

[0011] In the above-mentioned similar simulation test device for simply loading horizontal force, after the horizontal loading air bag is inflated, the contact area between the horizontal loading air bag and the U-shaped groove of the channel steel is greater than or equal to 50%.

[0012] The above-mentioned similar simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force, the horizontal loading component includes a rectangular outer tube, a rectangular inner tube and a horizontal force loading air bag; the sealed end of the rectangular inner tube is fixedly connected to the left vertical frame or the right vertical frame through a mounting block; the open end of the rectangular inner tube extends from the open end of the rectangular outer tube into the rectangular outer tube, and the sealed end of the rectangular outer tube abuts against the similar simulation material; the inner width of the rectangular inner tube is smaller than the inner width of the rectangular outer tube; the inner height of the rectangular inner tube is smaller than the inner height of the rectangular outer tube; a horizontal force loading air bag is provided in the space enclosed by the rectangular outer tube and the rectangular inner tube.

[0013] The above-mentioned similar simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force is characterized in that a hemispherical groove is provided on the upper edge of the bottom outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder from the open end to the sealed end; an upper hemispherical hole is provided on the top outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder, and a steel ball is placed in the space surrounded by the upper hemispherical hole and the lower hemispherical hole through a fixing plate with a lower hemispherical hole; the top of the steel ball protrudes from the top outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder and extends into the hemispherical groove of the bottom outer wall of the adjacent rectangular outer cylinder above; the bottom of the steel ball protrudes from the fixing plate and extends into the hemispherical slide groove provided on the upper edge of the top outer wall of the rectangular inner cylinder from the open end to the sealed end, the steel ball rotates in the spherical space surrounded by the upper hemispherical hole and the lower hemispherical hole, and the steel ball rotates in the hemispherical groove and the slide groove, so that the rectangular outer cylinder and the rectangular inner cylinder form relative motion.

[0014] The above-mentioned similar simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force is located at the bottom rectangular outer cylinder and the bottom rectangular inner cylinder. A lower hemispherical hole is opened on the lower outer wall of the bottom rectangular outer cylinder, and a steel ball is placed in the space surrounded by the upper hemispherical hole and the lower hemispherical hole through a fixing plate with an upper hemispherical hole; the top of the steel ball protrudes from the fixing plate and extends into the hemispherical slide groove opened on the bottom outer wall of the bottom rectangular inner cylinder from the open end to the sealed end, and the bottom of the steel ball protrudes from the bottom outer wall of the bottom rectangular outer cylinder and is slidably connected to the base.

[0015] The similar simulation test device for the above-mentioned simple loading of horizontal force, the air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag is connected to the outflow end of the check valve through an air duct, and the inflow end of the check valve is connected to the pressurizing equipment; a pressure gauge is provided on the air duct between the check valve and the pressurizing equipment, and the pressurizing equipment is a manual pressurizing ball and / or an air pressure pump.

[0016] The test method of a similar simulation test device with simple horizontal force loading includes the following steps:

[0017] (A) Build a similar simulation test device: assemble the base, left frame, right frame, and crossbeam;

[0018] (B) Place a horizontal loading assembly on the inner side of the left and right vertical frames, and lay similar simulation materials on the inner side of the left and right horizontal loading assemblies;

[0019] (C) Arrange the horizontal force loading air bag pipeline in the horizontal loading assembly: the air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag is connected to the outflow end of the check valve through an air guide pipe, and the inflow end of the check valve is connected to the pressurizing device; a pressure gauge is provided on the air guide pipe between the check valve and the pressurizing device;

[0020] (D) After the similar simulation materials are laid, the horizontal force loading air bags are inflated by the pressurizing equipment, and different horizontal pressures are applied to the similar simulation rock layers at different heights to achieve graded pressurization.

[0021] In the test method of the similar simulation test device for simply loading horizontal force, the pressurizing device is a manual pressurizing ball and / or an air pressure pump, and is detachable, which can save equipment.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] The horizontal loading assembly is used to replace the loading iron plate in the existing technology, and the manual pressurizing ball is used to replace the large-mass and large-volume hydraulic cylinder in the existing technology, making the drive more flexible. Air can be flexibly added or released according to the actual situation, and graded pressurization of similar simulated rock formations at different heights in a similar simulated space can be achieved.

[0024] The pressure of the bottom layer on the coal seam at different depths underground is different. It is generally believed that the stress of the rock unit in the stratum is composed of vertical stress and two horizontal stresses. By measuring and analyzing the horizontal stress in sedimentary rocks, it is found that the horizontal stress increases with the increase of burial depth, that is, the horizontal stress of strata at different depths is different. Therefore, in the physical simulation process, the horizontal stress loading should be implemented in a graded manner. In the existing technology, it is difficult to simulate the different pressures in different layers by using integral steel plates for pressurization, which reduces the accuracy of the simulation. By adding an independent horizontal loading component on the basis of the existing similar simulation test device, there is no need to make any modifications to the existing left stand, right stand or base, which greatly reduces the test cost.

[0025] In this application, channel steel can be used to achieve graded pressurization. The U-shaped groove structure of the channel steel is used to place the horizontal force-loading air bag within the U-shaped groove, thereby protecting the horizontal force-loading air bag and preventing it from being punctured. Furthermore, through conduction, the point or line pressurization during the expansion of the horizontal force-loading air bag is converted into surface pressurization of the channel steel, making the pressurization process more stable and uniform, and the simulation effect better. Placing metal pipes between adjacent upper and lower channel steels can reduce friction between the channel steels, making the simulation effect more accurate.

[0026] A rectangular outer cylinder and a rectangular inner cylinder are provided to limit the horizontal force loading air bag at the top, bottom, front, back and the side away from the similar material, so that the horizontal force loading air bag expands horizontally toward the similar material.

[0027] The bottom of the rectangular inner cylinder is fixed by an existing mounting block, and the rectangular outer cylinder slides toward the direction of similar materials.

[0028] The top of the steel ball contacts a groove on the upper adjacent outer cylinder wall, while the bottom of the steel ball contacts a groove on the inner cylinder wall. When the airbag is inflated and loaded, the top and bottom of the steel ball are subjected to opposite forces, facilitating their rotation and reducing friction. This allows the force generated by the airbag expansion to be more accurately and fully applied to the outer cylinder, moving it toward the similar material. A steel ball is mounted on the bottom of the bottom rectangular outer cylinder, and a hemispherical groove is also formed on the outer wall of the bottom rectangular inner cylinder. No groove is required on the base. By rotating the steel ball within the hemispherical groove of the rectangular outer cylinder and the groove of the rectangular inner cylinder, when the airbag is inflated under horizontal force, squeezing the rectangular outer cylinder and the rectangular inner cylinder, the steel ball in the rectangular outer cylinder can rotate within the groove of the rectangular inner cylinder, causing the rectangular outer cylinder and the rectangular inner cylinder to initially align, thereby squeezing the similar simulating material through the rectangular outer cylinder. Simultaneously, the steel ball rotates within the groove of the adjacent rectangular outer cylinder, reducing friction between the two adjacent rectangular outer cylinders and minimizing interference.

[0029] Steel balls and slide grooves are also set at the bottom of the lowest rectangular outer cylinder and the rectangular inner cylinder to reduce the friction between the lowest rectangular outer cylinder and the base. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Similar simulation test benches in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 2 Horizontal loading method in existing technology;

[0032] Figure 3 The connection method of hydraulic cylinder in the prior art;

[0033] Figure 4 Air supply connection diagram of the horizontal force loading air bag of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a similar simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal loading component of a similar simulation test device for simply loading horizontal forces;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of upper and lower adjacent channel steels being limited by metal tubes;

[0037] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of another horizontal loading component of a similar simulation test device for simply loading horizontal forces;

[0038] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rectangular outer cylinder;

[0039] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rectangular inner tube;

[0040] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bottom rectangular outer cylinder;

[0041] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the lowest rectangular inner tube.

[0042] The reference numerals in the figures are as follows:

[0043] 1-base; 2-left upright; 3-right upright; 4-crossbeam; 5-split side guard; 6-similar simulation space; 7-horizontal force loading air bag; 8-check valve; 9-pressurization ball; 10-pressure gauge; 11-channel steel; 12-metal pipe; 13-air pressure pump; 14-rectangular outer cylinder; 14-1-hemispherical groove; 14-2-steel ball; 14-3-fixed plate; 15-rectangular inner cylinder; 15-1-slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] When a similar simulation test device is set up in the prior art, the horizontal direction is connected to the iron plate through a hydraulic cylinder to squeeze the horizontal steel plate, such as Figure 1-Figure 3The hydraulic cylinder is shown, but the hydraulic cylinder is heavy in mass and large in volume, and does not change during the experiment, which will occupy a large amount of experimental space. At the same time, the horizontal loading pressure is 0.1 MPa, and the hydraulic cylinder is small in size and large in use.

[0045] Therefore, the application provides a simple and convenient loading horizontal force similar simulation test device.

[0046] Embodiment 1, similar simulation test device

[0047] As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 , including base 1, left stand 2, right stand 3, cross beam 4 and split side guard 5, the left stand 2 and the right stand 3 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the base 1, the two ends of the cross beam 4 are respectively installed on the upper ends of the left stand 2 and the right stand 3, and the two ends of the split side guard 5 are respectively detachably connected with the left stand 2 and the right stand 3, the front split side guard 5, the rear split side guard 5, the left stand 2, the right stand 3 and the base 1 form a similar simulation space 6, and the similar simulation material is arranged inside the similar simulation space 6;

[0048] The similar simulation material and the left stand 2, and the similar simulation material and the right stand 3 are provided with horizontal loading assemblies.

[0049] In this embodiment, the horizontal loading assembly comprises a channel steel 11 and a horizontal force loading air bag 7.

[0050] The similar simulation material and the left stand 2, and the similar simulation material and the right stand 3 are provided with channel steels 11; the channel steel 11 is a U-shaped channel steel; left side: the U-shaped leg of the channel steel 11 abuts against the left stand 2, and the U-shaped groove bottom of the channel steel 11 abuts against the similar simulation material; right side: the U-shaped leg of the channel steel 11 abuts against the right stand 3, and the U-shaped groove bottom of the channel steel 11 abuts against the similar simulation material; the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is arranged in the U-shaped groove of the channel steel 11; the similar simulation material is laid on the inner side of the left channel steel 11 and the right channel steel 11.

[0051] By using the structure of the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped channel steel 11, the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is placed in the U-shaped groove, which can protect the horizontal force loading air bag 7 from being damaged by external influences during the process of pressure expansion. Moreover, the channel steel is cheap, and can be cut into the required width according to the width of the similar simulation material.

[0052] At the same time, the U-shaped leg of the U-shaped channel steel 11 abuts against the left stand 2 and the right stand 3, and the plane of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped channel steel 11 lays the similar simulation material, which ensures the stability of the channel steel 11 and the left stand 2 and the right stand 3 during the laying process.

[0053] One side of the channel steel structure is horizontal, and the other side is a U-shaped groove structure, which allows the horizontal force loading air bag to be placed in the U-shaped groove, ensuring the safety of the horizontal force loading air bag, and realizing the conversion from point contact or line contact similar simulation material to surface contact similar simulation material, making the pressurization effect more uniform and stable.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is connected to the outflow end of the check valve 8 through an air guide pipe, and the inflow end of the check valve 8 is connected to the pressurizing device. A pressure gauge 10 is provided on the air guide pipe between the check valve 8 and the pressurizing device.

[0055] At the beginning of the experiment, we only wanted to use the horizontal force loading air bag 7 to expand and pressurize the similar simulation material. However, during the experiment, the horizontal force loading air bag was in point contact or line contact with the similar simulation material during the expansion process, resulting in uneven pressure. Therefore, channel steel was added between the horizontal force loading air bag and the similar simulation material.

[0056] The pressurizing device is a manual pressurizing ball 9 or an air pressure pump. During use, the manual pressurizing ball 9 and the air pressure pump can be used alone or together. Figure 4 For common use; the air pressure pump realizes rapid pressurization, reaching several hundred kilopascals, and the manual pressurization ball 9 realizes fine-tuning pressurization, making the pressurization pressure more accurate.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, similar simulation materials are laid layer by layer. If the upper and lower adjacent channel steels 11 are in direct contact, a certain friction will be generated, which will affect the accuracy of the simulation data during the pressurization process. Therefore, a metal tube 13 is provided between the upper and lower adjacent channel steels 11. The outer diameter of the metal tube is 5-10 mm and can be adjusted according to different simulation materials.

[0058] By selecting a metal tube, the surface friction between the upper and lower adjacent channel steels can be transformed into rolling friction, thereby further reducing the mutual friction between the upper and lower adjacent channel steels 11 during the horizontal pressurization process.

[0059] The horizontal force loading air bag 7 and the channel steel are used to replace the horizontal steel plate in the prior art, which greatly reduces the weight.

[0060] The horizontal force loading air bag 7 is inflated by the air pressure pump 9 and the manual pressurizing ball 9, without the need for a hydraulic cylinder, which reduces the investment in equipment. At the same time, the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is inflated more flexibly, and similar simulation materials are squeezed through the channel steel to achieve graded pressurization of similar simulation rock formations at different heights according to actual conditions.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Different from Example 1, this embodiment further optimizes the horizontal loading component.

[0063] In Example 1, friction is reduced by using a smooth metal tube and low-cost U-shaped channel steel. However, during the experiment, it was found that the front and rear sides of the channel steel could not be closed. During the loading of the horizontal force loading air bag, although the horizontal force loading air bag can be accurately inflated and pressurized by the pressure gauge, its expansion pressure cannot be well controlled. The front and rear sides of the channel steel are not closed, resulting in the horizontal force loading air bag expanding front and back, and insufficient extrusion of similar simulation materials.

[0064] In response to the problems existing in Example 1, Example 2 improves the horizontal loading component.

[0065] like Figure 8 As shown, the horizontal loading assembly includes a rectangular outer cylinder 14, a rectangular inner cylinder 15 and a horizontal force loading air bag 7; the inner width of the rectangular inner cylinder 15 is smaller than the inner width of the rectangular outer cylinder 14; the inner height of the rectangular inner cylinder 15 is smaller than the inner height of the rectangular outer cylinder 14;

[0066] The sealed end of the rectangular inner tube 15 is fixedly connected to the left stand 2 or the right stand 3 through an existing mounting block; the open end of the rectangular inner tube 15 extends from the open end of the rectangular outer tube 14 into the rectangular outer tube 14, and the sealed end of the rectangular outer tube 14 rests on a similar simulation material; a horizontal force loading air bag 7 is provided in the space enclosed by the rectangular outer tube 14 and the rectangular inner tube 15.

[0067] The bottom of the rectangular inner cylinder is fixed by an existing mounting block. When the horizontal force is applied to the air bag and the air bag is inflated, the sealed end of the rectangular outer cylinder 14 is squeezed, and the rectangular outer cylinder 14 slides toward the direction of the similar simulated material.

[0068] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 The second and subsequent layers of rectangular outer cylinders 14 and rectangular inner cylinders 15 are: A hemispherical groove 14-1 is defined along the upper edge of the bottom outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder 14 from the open end to the sealed end; an upper hemispherical hole is defined on the top outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder 14, and a steel ball 14-2 is positioned within the space enclosed by the upper and lower hemispherical holes via a fixing plate 14-3 with a lower hemispherical hole; the top of the steel ball 14-2 protrudes from the top outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder 14 and extends into the hemispherical groove 14-1 on the bottom outer wall of the adjacent rectangular outer cylinder 14; the bottom of the steel ball 14-2 protrudes from the fixing plate 14-3 and extends into the hemispherical groove 15-1 defined along the upper edge of the top outer wall of the rectangular inner cylinder 15 from the open end to the sealed end, allowing the steel ball 14-2 to rotate within the spherical space enclosed by the upper and lower hemispherical holes, thereby causing the rectangular outer cylinder 14 and rectangular inner cylinder 15 to undergo relative displacement.

[0069] The top of the steel ball is in contact with the semispherical groove on the outer wall of the bottom of the upper adjacent rectangular outer cylinder, and the bottom of the steel ball is in contact with the sliding groove on the wall of the rectangular inner cylinder. When the horizontal force loading air bag expands, the opposite forces on the top and bottom of the steel ball are beneficial to the rotation of the steel ball, reduce the friction, and make the force generated by the expansion of the horizontal force loading air bag more accurately used for moving the rectangular outer cylinder in the direction of similar materials.

[0070] Considering that the horizontal stress increases with the increase of the buried depth, that is, the horizontal pressure of the lower layer is larger, the rectangular outer cylinder of the lowermost layer and the rectangular inner cylinder of the lowermost layer are further optimized.

[0071] As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 The rectangular outer cylinder 14 of the lowermost layer and the rectangular inner cylinder 15 of the lowermost layer: a lower semispherical hole is formed on the outer wall of the bottom of the rectangular outer cylinder 14 of the lowermost layer, and a steel ball 14-2 is placed in the space surrounded by the upper semispherical hole and the lower semispherical hole through the fixed plate 14-3 with the upper semispherical hole; the top of the steel ball 14-2 protrudes from the fixed plate 14-3 and extends into the semispherical sliding groove 15-1 formed on the outer wall of the bottom of the rectangular inner cylinder 15 of the lowermost layer from the opening end to the closed end, and rotates in the semispherical sliding groove 15-1; the bottom of the steel ball 14-2 protrudes from the outer wall of the bottom of the rectangular outer cylinder 14 of the lowermost layer and is slidingly connected with the base 1.

[0072] The base 1 can be provided with a sliding groove corresponding to the position of the steel ball, or can not be provided.

[0073] The friction is reduced by the rotation of the steel ball between the rectangular outer cylinder 14 of the lowermost layer and the base 1, and the rotation of the steel ball between the rectangular outer cylinder 14 of the lowermost layer and the rectangular inner cylinder 15 of the lowermost layer.

[0074] Example 3, similar simulation test method

[0075] (A) Build the base 1, left stand 2, right stand 3 and cross beam 4 according to example 1.

[0076] (B) Place the channel steel 11 on the inner side of the left stand 2 and the right stand 3, and place the horizontal force loading air bag 7 in the U-shaped groove of the channel steel 11; the U-shaped legs of the channel steel 11 abut against the left stand 2 and the right stand 3; the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the channel steel 11 faces the similar simulation space 6; the split type side guard plate 5 is installed in front and behind; then the inner side of the left channel steel 11 and the right channel steel 11 is paved with similar simulation materials; the adjacent channel steels 11 are provided with the cushion block 12;

[0077] The left channel steel 11 and the right channel steel 11 and the front and rear split type side guard plates 5 form the similar simulation space 6, and the similar simulation materials are arranged in the similar simulation space 6.

[0078] When the height of one layer of horizontal force loading air bags and channel steels is not enough, an additional layer of horizontal force loading air bags and channel steels can be added, and pads 12 are provided between the upper and lower adjacent channel steels 11. The pads 12 can be selected from metal pipes to reduce the friction between the upper and lower adjacent channel steels 11 during the pressurization process.

[0079] (C) Arrange the pipeline for the horizontal force loading air bag 7: The air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is connected to the outflow end of the check valve 8 through an air guide pipe, and the inflow end of the check valve 8 is connected to the pressurizing device; a pressure gauge 10 is provided on the air guide pipe between the check valve 8 and the pressurizing device;

[0080] The pressurizing equipment is a manual pressurizing ball 9 and an air pressure pump, such as Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, a manual pressurizing ball 9 and an air pressure pump are used together; the air pressure pump realizes rapid pressurization, reaching several hundred kilopascals, and the manual pressurizing ball 9 realizes fine-tuning pressurization, making the pressurization pressure more accurate.

[0081] (D) After the similar simulation materials are laid, the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is inflated by the pressurizing equipment, and different levels of pressure are applied to the similar simulation materials at different heights to achieve graded pressurization.

[0082] The stress of rock units in the stratum is composed of vertical stress and two horizontal stresses. By measuring and analyzing the horizontal stress in sedimentary rocks, it is found that the horizontal stress increases with the increase of burial depth, that is, the horizontal stress of strata at different depths is different.

[0083] In this embodiment, by setting up multiple groups of horizontal channel steels and horizontal force loading air bags 7, it is possible to achieve graded loading of horizontal stress loading during the simulation process, simulating different pressures at different layers, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the simulation.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] (A) Build the base 1, left upright 2, right upright 3 and crossbeam 4 according to Example 4.

[0086] (B) The rectangular outer cylinder 14, the rectangular inner cylinder 15 and the horizontal force loading airbag 7 are arranged according to the structure of Example 4.

[0087] First, the bottom rectangular outer tube 14 and the bottom rectangular inner tube 15 are arranged. The bottom rectangular outer tube 14 and the bottom rectangular inner tube 15 and the front split side guard plate 5 and the rear split side guard plate 5 form a similar simulation space 6, and similar simulation materials are arranged inside the similar simulation space 6.

[0088] When the height of the lowermost rectangular outer cylinder 14 is not enough, the second layer of rectangular outer cylinder 14 and rectangular inner cylinder 15 are added. Since the steel ball top is in contact with the semispherical groove on the outer wall of the bottom of the upper adjacent rectangular outer cylinder, and the steel ball bottom is in contact with the sliding groove on the wall of the rectangular inner cylinder, the opposite forces on the steel ball top and bottom when the horizontal force loading air bag expands are beneficial to the rotation of the steel ball, reduce the friction, and make the force generated by the horizontal force loading air bag expansion more accurately used for the movement of the rectangular outer cylinder to the similar material direction.

[0089] (C) Arrangement of horizontal force loading air bag 7 pipeline: the air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is connected with the outflow end of the check valve 8 through the air guide pipe, the inflow end of the check valve 8 is connected with the pressurizing device; a pressure gauge 10 is arranged on the air guide pipe between the check valve 8 and the pressurizing device;

[0090] The pressurizing device is a manual pressurizing ball 9 and an air pressure pump, as shown in the embodiment, the manual pressurizing ball 9 and the air pressure pump are used together; the air pressure pump realizes rapid pressurization, reaching several hundred kilopascals, and the manual pressurizing ball 9 realizes fine-tuning pressurization, so that the pressurization pressure is more accurate. Figure 4

[0091] (D) After the similar simulation material is laid, the horizontal force loading air bag 7 is inflated by the pressurizing device, different horizontal pressures are applied to the similar simulation materials of different heights, and the grading pressurization is realized.

[0092] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating, and are not limited to the implementation. For ordinary skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made on the basis of the above description. Here, all the implementation is not required and cannot be exhausted. The obvious changes or variations derived from it are still within the protection scope of the patent application claims.​

Claims

1. A similar simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a base, a left upright frame, a right upright frame, a crossbeam and a split side guard plate, wherein the left upright frame and the right upright frame are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the base, two ends of the crossbeam are respectively mounted on the upper ends of the left upright frame and the right upright frame, two ends of the split side guard plate are respectively detachably connected to the left upright frame and the right upright frame, the front split side guard plate, the rear split side guard plate, the left upright frame, the right upright frame and the base form a similar simulation space, and similar simulation materials are arranged inside the similar simulation space; A horizontal loading assembly is provided between the similar simulation material and the left stand, and between the similar simulation material and the right stand; the horizontal loading assembly includes a rectangular outer tube, a rectangular inner tube, and a horizontal force loading air bag; the sealed end of the rectangular inner tube is fixedly connected to the left stand or the right stand via a mounting block; the open end of the rectangular inner tube extends from the open end of the rectangular outer tube into the rectangular outer tube, and the sealed end of the rectangular outer tube abuts against the similar simulation material; the inner width of the rectangular inner tube is smaller than the inner width of the rectangular outer tube; the inner height of the rectangular inner tube is smaller than the inner height of the rectangular outer tube; a horizontal force loading air bag is provided in the space enclosed by the rectangular outer tube and the rectangular inner tube; A hemispherical groove is provided on the upper edge of the bottom outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder from the open end to the sealed end; an upper hemispherical hole is provided on the top outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder, and a steel ball is placed in the space enclosed by the upper hemispherical hole and the lower hemispherical hole through a fixing plate with a lower hemispherical hole; the top of the steel ball protrudes from the top outer wall of the rectangular outer cylinder and extends into the hemispherical groove on the bottom outer wall of the adjacent rectangular outer cylinder above; the bottom of the steel ball protrudes from the fixing plate and extends into the hemispherical sliding groove provided on the upper edge of the top outer wall of the rectangular inner cylinder from the open end to the sealed end, and the steel ball rotates in the spherical space enclosed by the upper hemispherical hole and the lower hemispherical hole, so that the rectangular outer cylinder and the rectangular inner cylinder form relative motion; The air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag is connected to the outflow end of the check valve through an air duct, and the inflow end of the check valve is connected to the pressurizing equipment; a pressure gauge is provided on the air duct between the check valve and the pressurizing equipment, and the pressurizing equipment is a manual pressurizing ball and / or an air pressure pump.

2. The similarity simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the horizontal force loading air bag is inflated, the contact area between the horizontal force loading air bag and the U-shaped groove of the channel steel is greater than or equal to 50%.

3. The similarity simulation test device for simple loading of horizontal force according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom rectangular outer cylinder and the bottom rectangular inner cylinder are located at the bottom layer, and a lower hemispherical hole is opened on the bottom outer wall of the bottom rectangular outer cylinder, and a steel ball is placed in the space surrounded by the upper hemispherical hole and the lower hemispherical hole through a fixing plate with an upper hemispherical hole; the top of the steel ball protrudes from the fixing plate and extends into a hemispherical sliding groove opened on the bottom outer wall of the bottom rectangular inner cylinder from the open end to the sealed end and rotates, and the bottom of the steel ball protrudes from the bottom outer wall of the bottom rectangular outer cylinder and is slidably connected to the base.

4. The test method of the similarity simulation test device with simple horizontal force loading according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: (A) Build a similar simulation test device: assemble the base, left frame, right frame, and crossbeam; (B) Place a horizontal loading component on the inner side of the left and right vertical frames, and lay similar simulation materials on the inner side of the left and right horizontal loading components; (C) Arrange the horizontal force loading air bag pipeline in the horizontal loading assembly: the air inlet of the horizontal force loading air bag is connected to the outflow end of the check valve through an air guide pipe, and the inflow end of the check valve is connected to the pressurizing equipment; a pressure gauge is provided on the air guide pipe between the check valve and the pressurizing equipment; (D) After the similar simulation materials are laid, the horizontal force loading air bags are inflated through the pressurizing equipment, and different horizontal pressures are applied to similar simulated rock layers at different heights to achieve graded pressurization.

Images