Distributed laser ultrasonic detection system and method for defects in R zone of reinforced components

Abstract

The present invention discloses a distributed laser ultrasonic detection system and method for defects in the R zone of a ribbed component. The geometric structure of the ribbed component is complex, and its R zone is a weak link in the manufacturing and service stages. The present invention includes a scanning device, a clamping device, a placement platform, two detectors, a beam splitter, a pulsed laser, a reflector, an industrial computer and a ribbed component to be tested. Laser ultrasound is used to excite ultrasonic waves on one side of the root rib of the ribbed component. Multiple detection lasers are distributed at different positions to receive echo signals, so as to quickly detect and classify and identify surface and near-surface defects in the R zone of the component with high efficiency and full coverage. The present invention can realize the rapid detection and accurate identification of defects of large wall panel components such as ribbed wall panels with complex geometric features.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of defect detection of ribbed components, and in particular relates to a distributed laser ultrasonic detection system and method for defects in R zones of ribbed components. Background Art

[0002] Ribbed components have the characteristics of high bearing capacity and light weight, and are widely used in aerospace and defense science and industry, such as the integral wall panels of the fuselage of space shuttles, the integral wall panels of the fuel tanks of launch vehicles, missile cabins and conical shells. These ribbed components have complex structures, and the rib height-width ratios vary greatly. The thickness of the thin-walled plates also varies to a certain extent, with the thinnest being only 2 to 3 mm.

[0003] The manufacturing methods of large ribbed wall panels usually include milling, welding and spinning. Various types of defects are prone to occur during the manufacturing process. For example, cracks and scratches are prone to occur during the milling process, pores and inclusions are prone to occur at the weld during the welding process, and fractures and rib penetration are prone to occur at the fillet during the spinning process. Various defects generated during the manufacturing process of ribbed components will seriously reduce the bearing capacity and fatigue strength of the components, affecting the service performance and service safety of the relevant equipment.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to study the defect detection of the R zone of such ribbed components to improve product quality and precision. However, ordinary ultrasonic testing can no longer meet the detection requirements because the roots of ribbed components have rounded corners and defects cannot be accurately identified. Therefore, the present invention proposes a distributed laser ultrasonic detection method for multiple types of defects at the roots of ribbed components, which can accurately detect and classify various types of defects at the roots of components, providing a new idea for rapid and reliable detection of manufacturing defects of ribbed components. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a distributed laser ultrasonic detection system and method for defects in the R zone of a ribbed component, so as to solve the problem of defect detection in the R zone of a ribbed component.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in R zone of a ribbed component, comprising a scanning device, a clamping device, a placement platform, two detectors, a beam splitter, a pulse laser, a reflector, an industrial computer, and a ribbed component, wherein:

[0008] The pulse laser, two detectors and industrial computer are connected via optical fiber;

[0009] The industrial computer includes an acquisition module, a filtering module and a waveform display module. The acquisition module includes input terminals, sampling mode, sampling time, sampling time interval and sampling distance, etc. The filtering module includes filtering type, sampling frequency and cutoff frequency. The waveform display module is used to present the original signal and the filtered signal, including the signal waveform, signal amplitude and time interval. The industrial computer is easy to operate and can detect defects in real time to ensure accurate detection results.

[0010] The scanning device, the clamping device, and the placement platform form a two-dimensional mobile platform, and the input end of the two-dimensional mobile platform is connected to the output end of the industrial computer, which is used to adjust the position of the placement platform to adjust the detection light beam irradiated on the ribbed component;

[0011] Furthermore, a pulse laser, a detector, a beam splitter and a reflector constitute a laser detection device. The excitation laser emitted by the pulse laser is reflected by the reflector and vertically incident on the surface of the ribbed component. The reflector is rotatable. The detection laser emitted by the detector is divided into two beams by the beam splitter and irradiated on different surfaces of the ribbed component. The ultrasonic wave generated by the excitation laser causes a displacement variable on the surface of the ribbed component to be detected. The detection laser receives and forms scattering and is received by the detector. The position angles of the pulse laser and the detector are adjustable to ensure stable reception of ultrasonic signals, obvious defect detection signals, and accurate detection results.

[0012] The present invention also provides a distributed laser ultrasonic detection method for defects in the R zone of a ribbed component, in which ultrasonic waves are excited on one side of the root rib of the ribbed component, and multiple detection lasers are distributed at different positions to receive echo signals, so as to quickly detect and classify defects on the surface and near-surface of the R zone of the component with high efficiency and full coverage, including the following steps:

[0013] S1. Build a laser ultrasonic testing device, check that the two-dimensional mobile platform and industrial computer are operating normally, adjust the position and angle of the reflector according to the ribbed component to be tested to adjust the excitation laser to be vertically incident on the surface of the ribbed component to ensure that the laser light path is fixed.

[0014] S2. Use distributed detection laser to conduct full coverage and efficient detection of the R zone of the component. Two detectors are distributed on both sides of the thin web of the ribbed component to ensure that the detection laser receiving signal is obvious. One of the detectors is equipped with a beam splitter to split the detection laser into two vertical beams of light. The angle of the detector is adjusted so that the two beams of light are respectively irradiated on the thin web and the upper surface of the root rib of the component to be inspected (recorded as the first detection signal and the second detection signal) to receive defect information close to the R zone and identify the defect type; the other detector irradiates the detection laser on the lower surface of the thin web of the component to be inspected (recorded as the third detection signal) to receive defect information close to the lower surface of the thin web and identify the defect type.

[0015] S3. Synchronously collect ultrasonic signals, set parameters in the ultrasonic signal acquisition module of the industrial computer, collect signals, adjust the waveform in the filter module, eliminate clutter signals in real time, view the ultrasonic signal waveform in the waveform display module, observe the defect information of the R zone of the ribbed component during the detection process, and obtain the detection point location and the ultrasonic signal data of the corresponding detection point.

[0016] S4. The detection results are judged by combining the real-time waveform characteristics of the ultrasonic signals received by the three detection lasers distributed in the waveform display module, so that the surface and near-surface defect detection and classification identification of the R zone of the reinforced component can be realized with efficient and full coverage, that is, the detection laser distributed on the lower surface of the thin web can determine whether there is a flat-bottom hole defect in the R zone, and the detection laser distributed on the upper surface of the thin web can determine whether there is a defect at the root of the root reinforcement and classify and identify the defect (transverse through hole or crack defect). If a waveform signal that is at an angle with the initial wave appears in the first detection signal, it is judged that there is a defect near the surface of the R zone. If there is no waveform signal at an angle, there is no defect; if there is a defect near the surface of the R zone, an obvious initial wave signal can be received in the second detection signal, then the near-surface defect of the R zone is judged to be a transverse through hole defect. If there is no obvious initial wave signal, then the near-surface defect of the R zone is judged to be a crack defect; if the initial wave of the third defect has a gap within a certain scanning range, that is, the waveform is obstructed, then it is judged that there is a flat-bottom hole defect on the bottom surface of the R zone. If there is no gap, there is no defect.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system is used, and the laser receiver is fixed, which can reduce the interference of human factors on the ultrasonic signal reception, ensure stable signal reception and obvious detection signal;

[0019] (2) Develop an ultrasonic signal acquisition module in the industrial computer to read and display ultrasonic signal data, obtain defect information in real time, and ensure accurate detection results;

[0020] (3) The distributed laser ultrasonic detection method is used to ensure that there are no blind spots in the detection process of the R zone of the ribbed component. It can efficiently and fully cover the detection and identification of typical defects such as surface cracks, near-surface and internal holes generated during the manufacturing process of the high-rib R zone of the ribbed component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a reinforced member;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a ribbed component with a flat bottom hole defect and a diagram of the signal received by the first detector during the component detection process;

[0023] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of a ribbed component with a crack defect and a diagram of a signal received by the second detector during the component detection process;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a ribbed component with a transverse through hole defect and a diagram of the signal received by the second detector during the component inspection process.

[0025] In the figure: 1- scanning device, 2- clamping device, 3- placing platform, 4- component to be detected, 5- first detector, 6- second detector, 7- beam splitter, 8- pulse laser, 9- reflector, 10- industrial computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0027] The present invention provides a distributed laser ultrasonic detection system and method for ribbed components, which has stable signal reception during the detection process, ensures that there is no detection blind spot during the detection of the R zone of the ribbed component, can realize the detection and identification of typical defects such as surface cracks, near-surface and internal holes generated during the manufacturing process of the high-rib R zone of the ribbed component, has high detection efficiency, and ensures the accuracy of defect detection results.

[0028] The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a scanning device 1, a clamping device 2, a placement platform 3, a component to be detected 4, a first detector 5, a second detector 6, a beam splitter 7, a pulse laser 8, a reflector 9 and an industrial computer 10.

[0029] Among them, the scanning device 1, the clamping device 2, and the placement platform 3 form a two-dimensional mobile platform, which is used to carry the component to be detected, and the two-dimensional mobile platform can drive the component to move up and down, left and right, that is, the position of the placement platform is adjusted to adjust the detection light beam irradiated on the ribbed component, and the input end of the two-dimensional mobile platform is connected to the output end of the industrial computer. The first detector 5, the second detector 6, the pulse laser 8 and the industrial computer 10 are connected through optical fibers;

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the industrial computer 10 should include an acquisition module, a filtering module and a waveform display module. The acquisition module includes a sampling physical channel, an input terminal, a sampling mode, a sampling time, a sampling time interval and a sampling distance, etc. The filtering module includes a filtering type, a sampling frequency and a cut-off frequency. The waveform display module is used to present the original signal and the filtered signal, including the signal waveform, the signal amplitude and the time interval. The industrial computer 10 is easy to operate and can detect defects in real time to ensure accurate detection results. Among them, the acquisition module is used to set the signal acquisition parameters, set the sampling physical channel and the input terminal number according to the interface, set the sampling mode, the sampling time, the sampling time interval and the sampling distance, so that the signal waveform amplitude is more obvious; the filtering module is used to eliminate the clutter signals caused by other factors such as noise during the sampling process, and set the sampling frequency and the cut-off frequency according to the selected filtering type; the waveform display module is used to present the original ultrasonic signal information obtained and the filtered ultrasonic signal information, including the signal waveform, the signal amplitude and the time interval. By observing the defect signal, the scanning process can be stopped and interrupted for the error point in the acquisition process.

[0031] Preferably, the first detector 5, the second detector 6, the beam splitter 7, the pulse laser 8 and the reflector 9 form a laser detection device, which is connected to the industrial computer 10 through an optical fiber. The excitation laser emitted by the pulse laser 8 is reflected by the reflector and vertically incident on the surface of the component to be detected 4. The reflector is rotatable. The detection laser emitted by the second detector 6 is divided into two beams by the beam splitter and irradiated on different surfaces of the component to be detected 4. The ultrasonic wave generated by the excitation laser causes a displacement variable on the surface of the ribbed component to be detected. The detection laser is received and scattered and received by the detector. The angles of the pulse laser and the detector can be adjusted according to the detection object to ensure stable reception of ultrasonic signals, obvious defect detection signals, and accurate detection results.

[0032] The present invention also relates to a distributed laser ultrasonic detection method for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Build a laser ultrasonic detection device, in which the pulse laser 8 adopts Nd:YAG pulse laser (wavelength 1064nm, pulse energy 50mJ, pulse frequency 50Hz, pulse time 10ns), a first detector 5, a second detector 6 (wavelength 532nm, focal length 200mm), a reflector 9, a beam splitter 7, and connects to the industrial computer 10 with an optical fiber. Check that the industrial computer 10 including the acquisition module (the data acquisition card is NI-PCI5114, the sampling frequency is 250MHz), the filter module and the waveform display module are operating normally, and check that the two-dimensional mobile platform is operating normally.

[0034] S2. Use a distributed laser detection method to perform full coverage and efficient detection of the R area of ​​the component. Two detectors are distributed on both sides of the ribbed component to ensure that the detection laser receiving signal is obvious. The second detector 6 is equipped with a beam splitter 7 to divide the detection laser into two vertical beams of light. The angle of the second detector 6 is adjusted so that the two beams of light are respectively irradiated on the thin web and the upper surface of the root rib of the component to be inspected (recorded as the first detection signal and the second detection signal); the first detector 5 irradiates the detection laser on the lower surface of the thin web of the component to be inspected, aiming at the edge of the root rib (recorded as the third detection signal). The pulse laser 8 excites the laser on the side of the second detector 6 away from the root rib. According to the ribbed component to be inspected, the position and angle of the reflector are adjusted to adjust the excitation laser to vertically impinge on the surface of the ribbed component to ensure that the laser light path is fixed.

[0035] S3. Synchronously collect ultrasonic signals, set parameters in the ultrasonic signal acquisition module of the industrial computer 10, select the acquisition channel CH0, set the sampling mode to continuous sampling, and set the input terminal configuration to default. Set the sampling signal amplitude to ±1V and the time to 10us.

[0036] Start scanning, view the ultrasonic signal waveform in the waveform display module, the X and Y axes represent the ultrasonic signal sampling time and the signal amplitude of the corresponding time, respectively. You can adjust the area range of the ultrasonic signal, adjust the amplitude, observe the defect information of the R area of ​​the ribbed component during the inspection process, obtain the ultrasonic signal data of the inspection point location and the corresponding inspection point, and stop the scanning process if an error occurs during the acquisition process. Adjust the waveform in the filter module, eliminate clutter signals in real time, and select the filter type as bandpass filtering.

[0037] S4. Determine the detection result by combining the real-time waveforms of the three ultrasonic signals presented in the waveform display module. Part of the defect information can be obtained from each ultrasonic signal data. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The results of three different defect inspections are shown in Figure 1. Comprehensive observation and judgment can realize the detection and classification of surface and near-surface defects in the R zone of reinforced components at one time. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the initial wave of the third defect has a gap within a certain scanning range, that is, the waveform is blocked, so it is judged that there is a flat bottom hole defect on the bottom surface of the R area. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, a waveform signal with an angle with the initial wave appears in the first detection signal, judging that there is a defect near the surface of the R area. No obvious initial wave signal can be received in the second detection signal, judging that the defect near the surface of the R area is a crack defect. Figure 4 As shown, a waveform signal that is at an angle to the initial wave appears in the first detection signal, and it is judged that there is a defect near the surface of the R zone. An obvious initial wave signal can be received in the second detection signal, and it is judged that the defect near the surface of the R zone is a transverse through hole defect.

[0038] In summary, the present invention relates to a distributed laser ultrasonic nondestructive testing method and system for defects in ribbed components. The geometric structure of ribbed components is complex, and their R zone is a weak link in the manufacturing and service stages. The device includes a scanning device, a clamping device, a placement platform, two detectors, a beam splitter, a pulsed laser, a reflector, an industrial computer, and a ribbed component. Laser ultrasound is used to excite ultrasonic waves on one side of the root rib of the ribbed component. Multiple detection lasers are distributed at different positions to receive echo signals, so as to quickly detect and classify the surface and near-surface defects in the R zone of the component with high efficiency and full coverage. The detection method and system can realize the rapid detection and accurate identification of defects in large wall panel components with complex geometric features such as ribbed wall panels.

[0039] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member, characterized in that: The system includes a first detector, a second detector, a beam splitter, a pulse laser and an industrial computer; the first detector, the second detector and the pulse laser are all connected to the industrial computer; The first detector, the second detector, the beam splitter and the pulse laser together constitute a laser ultrasonic detection device; the excitation laser emitted by the pulse laser is vertically incident on the surface of the component to be detected, the detection laser emitted by the first detector is irradiated on the near surface of the component to be detected, and the detection laser emitted by the second detector is divided into two beams by the beam splitter and irradiated on the R zone surface of the component to be detected. The ultrasonic wave generated by the excitation laser causes a displacement variable on the surface of the component to be detected, which is received by the detection laser and scattered by the detector; The industrial computer includes an acquisition module, a filtering module and a waveform display module; the acquisition module is used to set signal acquisition parameters, the filtering module is used to eliminate clutter signals, and the waveform display module is used to present the original signal and the filtered signal; The distributed laser ultrasonic detection method for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member implemented by the system includes the following steps: S1. Build a laser ultrasonic detection device; S2, using distributed detection laser to conduct full coverage detection of the R area of ​​the component to be detected, with two detectors distributed on both sides of the thin web of the component to be detected; Wherein: the second detector is equipped with a beam splitter to split the detection laser into two vertical beams, which are respectively irradiated on the thin web and the upper surface of the root rib of the component to be detected, and are recorded as the first detection signal and the second detection signal respectively, so as to receive the defect information close to the R zone and identify the defect type; The detection laser of the first detector is irradiated on the lower surface of the thin web of the component to be detected, and is aligned with the edge position of the root rib, which is recorded as the third detection signal to receive the defect information of the lower surface of the thin web and identify the defect type; The excitation laser of the pulse laser is on the side of the second detector away from the root bar, and the excitation laser is vertically incident on the surface of the component to be detected; S3, synchronously collect ultrasonic signals, set parameters through the acquisition module of the industrial computer, eliminate clutter signals in real time in the filter module, view the ultrasonic signal waveform in the waveform display module, observe the defect information of the R zone of the reinforced component during the detection process, and obtain the detection point position and the ultrasonic signal data of the corresponding detection point; S4. Combine the real-time waveforms of the three ultrasonic signals presented in the waveform display module to determine the test results, and realize the detection and classification of surface and near-surface defects in the R zone of the reinforced component: The initial wave of the third detection signal has a gap within a certain scanning range, that is, the waveform is obstructed, and it is judged that there is a flat bottom hole defect on the bottom surface of the R area; A waveform signal that is at an angle to the initial wave appears in the first detection signal, and it is judged that there is a defect near the surface of the R area. No obvious initial wave signal can be received in the second detection signal, and it is judged that the defect near the surface of the R area is a crack defect; A waveform signal that is at an angle to the initial wave appears in the first detection signal, and it is judged that there is a defect near the surface of the R zone. An obvious initial wave signal is received in the second detection signal, and it is judged that the defect near the surface of the R zone is a transverse through hole defect.

2. The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a scanning device, a clamping device and a placement platform, which together constitute a two-dimensional mobile platform for carrying the component to be detected and driving the component to be detected to move; wherein the placement platform is used to carry the component to be detected, the clamping device is used to clamp the placement platform, and the scanning device drives the placement platform to move through the clamping device, thereby driving the component to be detected to move, so as to adjust the detection light beam irradiated on the component to be detected.

3. The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two-dimensional mobile platform is connected to the industrial computer.

4. The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a reflecting mirror; the excitation laser emitted by the pulse laser is reflected by the reflecting mirror and vertically incident on the surface of the component to be detected.

5. The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition module includes a sampling physical channel, an input wiring terminal number, a sampling mode, a sampling time, a sampling time interval and a sampling distance. The sampling physical channel and the input wiring terminal number are set according to the interface, and the sampling mode, the sampling time, the sampling time interval and the sampling distance are set so that the amplitude of the signal waveform is obvious; The filtering module includes filtering type, sampling frequency and cutoff frequency, and the sampling frequency and cutoff frequency are set according to the selected filtering type; the waveform display module is used to present the obtained original ultrasonic signal information and the filtered ultrasonic signal information, including signal waveform, signal amplitude and time interval.

6. The distributed laser ultrasonic detection system for defects in the R zone of a ribbed member according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first detector, the second detector and the pulse laser are all connected to the industrial computer through optical fibers.

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