A non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complexed cathode interface layer and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion-complexed cathode interface layer and its fabrication method, relating to the field of polymer solar cells. The polymer solar cell, from bottom to top, comprises a transparent glass substrate with ITO, an anode interface layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode interface layer, and a metal electrode layer. The cathode interface layer is PDINO complexed with rare-earth ions. This invention utilizes the complexation of rare-earth ions with PDINO to effectively reduce the influence of amino groups in PDINO on the non-fullerene acceptor material, protecting the original electronic structure and intramolecular charge transfer of the acceptor material from damage by the amino groups. Simultaneously, rare-earth ions can absorb short-wavelength sunlight that the photoactive layer fails to absorb, converting this short-wavelength sunlight into wavelengths within the absorption range of the photoactive layer, thereby increasing the light absorption intensity of the photoactive layer and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polymer solar cells, and more particularly to a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare earth ion complexed cathode interface layer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing energy demand and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel use, the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy sources is imperative. Among these, solar energy has become a key research focus for various countries due to its abundant resources, lack of pollution, and renewability. Solar cells are crucial equipment for developing and utilizing solar energy. Compared to inorganic solar cells, polymer solar cells offer advantages such as light weight, low cost, the ability to be fabricated into flexible devices, and simple fabrication processes. However, the main problems currently limiting their industrial production are their low photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

[0003] Currently, in pursuit of high energy conversion efficiency, comprehensive research has been conducted on polymer solar cells, including the synthesis of novel photoactive layer materials, interface engineering, and morphology control. As a crucial component of optoelectronic devices, the performance of the donor and acceptor materials within the active layer plays a vital role in improving device efficiency. PDINO, a commonly used cathode interface material, contains amino groups, making it prone to reacting with non-fullerene acceptor materials, such as ITIC and ITIC-4F. This reaction disrupts the original electronic structure and intramolecular charge transfer of the acceptor material, thus affecting its performance. Therefore, it is particularly important to rationally treat PDINO without compromising the photoelectric performance of the donor and acceptor materials.

[0004] Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a method to suppress the reaction between the cathode interface layer material PDINO and the non-fullerene acceptor material. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the reaction between the cathode interface layer material PDINO and the non-fullerene acceptor material.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare earth ion complexed cathode interface layer, comprising, from bottom to top, a transparent glass substrate with ITO, an anode interface layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode interface layer, and a metal electrode layer, wherein the cathode interface layer is a rare earth ion complexed PDINO.

[0007] Furthermore, the rare earth ion is a europium ion.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 100 nm.

[0009] Furthermore, the material of the anode interface layer is PEDOT:PSS.

[0010] A method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complexed cathode interface layer is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Spin-coat the cationic interface layer onto the transparent glass substrate with ITO.

[0012] Step 2: Spin-coat the photoactive layer onto the cation interface layer, wherein the photoactive layer is composed of a donor material and a non-fullerene acceptor material;

[0013] Step 3: Spin-coat the anion interface layer onto the photoactive layer, wherein the material used for the anion interface layer is a rare earth ion complexed PDINO solution.

[0014] Step 4: Deposit the metal electrode layer onto the anion interface layer.

[0015] Further, the mass ratio of the donor material to the non-fullerene acceptor material in step 2 is 1:(1-1.2).

[0016] Furthermore, the non-fullerene acceptor material described in step 2 is ITIC-4F.

[0017] Furthermore, the rare earth ion complexed PDINO solution described in step 3 is PDINO dissolved in a methanol solution containing rare earth europium ions.

[0018] Furthermore, the concentration of PDINO is 1 mg / ml.

[0019] Furthermore, the europium ion concentration is 0.05 mg / ml.

[0020] The technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) By using rare earth ions to complex with PDINO, the influence of amino groups in PDINO on non-fullerene acceptor materials is effectively reduced, which plays a role in protecting the original electronic structure and intramolecular charge transfer of the acceptor materials from being destroyed by amino groups.

[0022] (2) Rare earth ions can absorb short-wavelength sunlight that the photoactive layer fails to absorb, and convert these short-wavelength sunlight into wavelengths within the absorption range of the photoactive layer, thereby increasing the light absorption intensity of the photoactive layer of the device and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the device.

[0023] (3) The structure is reasonably designed and the preparation steps are simple.

[0024] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Among them, 1-transparent glass substrate with ITO, 2-anode interface layer, 3-photoactive layer, 4-cathode interface layer, 5-metal electrode layer;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a comparative example of a polymer solar cell device, showing the photoelectric conversion current-voltage characteristic curve. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates several preferred embodiments of the present invention to make its technical content clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned herein.

[0029] In the accompanying drawings, components with the same structure are indicated by the same numerical designation, and components with similar structures or functions are indicated by similar numerical designations. The dimensions and thicknesses of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrary, and the present invention does not limit the dimensions and thicknesses of each component. To make the illustrations clearer, the thickness of some components has been appropriately exaggerated in the drawings.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The structure of the polymer solar cell of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, from bottom to top, there are a transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO, an anode interface layer 2, a photoactive layer 3, a cathode interface layer 4, and a metal electrode layer 5, wherein the cathode interface layer 4 is a cathode interface layer 4 complexed with rare earth ions.

[0032] The specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0033] (1) Cleaning of the transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO;

[0034] (2) The material for preparing the anode interface layer 2 is spin-coated on a transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO, and after annealing, it is transferred to a glove box under nitrogen protection to form the anode interface layer 2.

[0035] (3) Spin-coat the prepared solution of donor material and non-fullerene acceptor material for preparing photoactive layer 3 onto anode interface layer 2 to form photoactive layer 3. The mass ratio of donor material to non-fullerene acceptor material is 1:(1-1.2).

[0036] (4) Spin-coat the material used to prepare the cathode interface layer 4 onto the photoactive layer 3 at a speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds to form the cathode interface layer 4.

[0037] (5) Transfer the above-mentioned devices to a vacuum coating equipment and coat them under high vacuum (<5×10⁻⁶). -4 Under Pa), the metal electrode Al is vapor-deposited onto the cathode interface layer 3 to form the metal electrode layer 5.

[0038] In step (4), the material used to prepare the cathode interface layer 4 is PDINO (3,3'-(1,3,8,10-tetraanthrone[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-2,9(1H,3H,8H,10H)-diyl)bis(N,N-dimethylpropane-1-amine oxide)) dissolved in a methanol solution containing rare earth europium ions to obtain a solution with a PDINO concentration of 1 mg / ml for preparing the cathode interface layer 4.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The structure of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown, from bottom to top, the layers are: a transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO, an anode interface layer 2, a photoactive layer 3, a cathode interface layer 4, and a metal electrode layer 5. The anode interface layer 2 is made of PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid)); the photoactive layer 3 is prepared by mixing the donor material PM6 and the non-fullerene acceptor material ITIC-4F; the cathode interface layer 4 is made of PDINO complexed with europium ions; and the metal electrode layer 5 has a thickness of 100 nm.

[0041] The specific production method is as follows:

[0042] (1) The conductivity is 15 Ω·sq -1 The transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO was ultrasonically cleaned in detergent, ITO cleaning agent, deionized water, acetone, deionized water and isopropanol in sequence.

[0043] (2) Oxygen plasma is used to treat the transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO;

[0044] (3) Spin-coat PEDOT:PSS material onto a transparent glass substrate 1 with ITO at a spin speed of 4000 rpm for 30 s, then anneal at 160°C for 20 min. After annealing, transfer it to a glove box under nitrogen protection to form an anode interface layer 2.

[0045] (4) The solution used to prepare the photoactive layer 3 was a mixture of PM6 and ITIC-4F, with a mass ratio of PM6 to ITIC-4F in chlorobenzene of 1:1 and a total concentration of 24 mg / ml. In addition, 0.5 vol% of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was added to the donor-acceptor mixture to adjust the morphology of the photoactive layer 3. The PM6 and ITIC-4F mixture was spin-coated onto PEDOT:PSS at 2500 rpm for 40 s to form the photoactive layer 3.

[0046] (5) The PDINO solution after europium ion complexation is spin-coated onto the photoactive layer 3 at a speed of 3000 rpm for 20-30 seconds, wherein the concentration of PDINO is 1 mg / ml and the concentration of europium ions is 0.05 mg / ml, forming the cathode interface layer 4.

[0047] (6) Transfer the above-mentioned devices to a vacuum coating equipment and coat them under high vacuum (<5×10⁻⁶). -4 Under the conditions of Pa), the metal electrode Al is vapor-deposited onto the cathode interface layer 4 to form the metal electrode layer 5.

[0048] The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the fabricated polymer solar cell was tested, and the corresponding IV curve is shown below. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the efficiency of the battery device with europium ion complexed PDINO is significantly improved compared to pure PDINO. This demonstrates that the complexation of rare earth europium ions with the cathode interface layer material PDINO can protect the electronic structure and intramolecular charge transfer of the acceptor material ITIC-4F from being disrupted by amino groups. The rare earth europium ion complexation method effectively reduces the reaction between the amino functional groups in PDINO and the non-fullerene acceptor material in the active layer, thus protecting the acceptor material. Simultaneously, rare earth europium ions can absorb short-wavelength sunlight that the photoactive layer fails to absorb, converting this short-wavelength sunlight into light wavelengths within the absorption range of the photoactive layer material, improving the light absorption of the photoactive layer and further enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion-complexed cathode interface layer, wherein the polymer solar cell comprises, from bottom to top, a transparent glass substrate with ITO, an anode interface layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode interface layer, and a metal electrode layer, characterized in that, The cathode interface layer is a rare earth ion complexed PDINO, and the photoactive layer contains non-fullerene.

2. The non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rare earth ion is europium ion.

3. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal electrode layer is 100 nm.

4. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the anode interface layer is PEDOT:PSS.

5. A method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Spin-coat the anode interface layer onto the transparent glass substrate with ITO. Step 2: Spin-coat the photoactive layer onto the anode interface layer, wherein the photoactive layer is composed of a donor material and a non-fullerene acceptor material; Step 3: Spin-coat the cathode interface layer onto the photoactive layer, wherein the cathode interface layer is a rare earth ion complexed PDINO solution. Step 4: Deposit the metal electrode layer on the cathode interface layer.

6. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the donor material to the non-fullerene acceptor material in step 2 is 1:(1-1.2).

7. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complexed cathode interface layer as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The non-fullerene acceptor material mentioned in step 2 is ITIC-4F.

8. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The rare earth ion complexed PDINO solution mentioned in step 3 is PDINO dissolved in a methanol solution containing rare earth europium ions.

9. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The concentration of PDINO is 1 mg / ml.

10. The method for preparing a non-fullerene polymer solar cell with a rare-earth ion complex cathode interface layer as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The concentration of rare earth europium ions is 0.05 mg / ml.

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