Automatic air gap sealing device and construction method and application method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic air gap sealing device and its construction and application methods. The device comprises a cylindrical shaft, a sealing body, a metal base, hydraulic supports, a horizontal pull rod, and a metal baffle. The height of the cylindrical shaft is greater than the height of the tunnel. The sealing body is a cylinder with a diameter greater than the tunnel cross-section, and a metal base of the same plane size is provided at its lower end. The sealing body and the metal base are sleeved outside the cylindrical shaft with a clearance fit. A plurality of hydraulic supports are supported below the metal base, and each hydraulic support can slide horizontally in the same direction. The metal baffle is horizontally movable and arranged outside the sealing body. The horizontal pull rod is connected between the hydraulic supports and the metal baffle. The unit sections of the sealing body are assembled and formed by prefabricated wedges. The outer surface of the sealing body has multiple circles of curved grooves arranged in the same direction. Under normal circumstances, water is drained through the bottom space supported by the hydraulic supports and rollers. In the event of collapse, the metal baffle first moves backward to dissipate energy, and then the sealing body falls to seal, dissipating energy through the rotation of the sealing body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of goaf management, and in particular relates to an automatic goaf blocking device and a construction method and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sealing goaf in underground mining is the simplest and most practical method. Traditionally, goaf sealing methods have involved constructing reinforced concrete retaining walls within the connecting tunnels. This solid wall isolates the goaf and prevents air shock waves from impacting the underground production area.

[0003] However, in reality, solid retaining walls present challenges such as difficulty in connecting to the roof, poor drainage, and low airtightness. In particular, drainage of the goaf after the retaining wall is sealed remains a challenge, for which no suitable solution has been found.

[0004] The main purpose of constructing a solid retaining wall is to isolate the goaf from other areas and prevent the invasion of air shock waves caused by the collapse of the goaf. However, once the goaf is sealed, the accumulated water in the goaf cannot be discharged in time, forming old hole water. The rock mass in the goaf is easily unstable under the action of long-term immersion, which poses a huge threat to mine safety production. Therefore, although the use of solid retaining walls to seal the goaf can prevent the impact of the hazard, it also derives the potential threat of water accumulation in the goaf. Especially for mines with large water inflow, the water hazard pressure is greater and the safety production situation is more severe. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic empty area sealing device which can not only have drainage function when there is no collapse, but also can automatically fall and seal the tunnel when collapse occurs, and can automatically release pressure after sealing, as well as its construction method and application method.

[0006] The automatic blocking device for empty areas provided by the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: it includes a cylindrical shaft, a blocking body, a metal base, hydraulic pillars, a horizontal pull rod and a metal baffle; the height of the cylindrical shaft is greater than the height of the tunnel; the blocking body is a cylinder with a diameter greater than the cross-section of the tunnel, and a metal base with the same plane size is provided at its lower end; the integral part of the blocking body and the metal base is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical shaft with a clearance fit; multiple hydraulic pillars are supported under the metal base, and each hydraulic pillar can slide horizontally in the same direction; each hydraulic pillar is vertically connected to the horizontal pull rod; the metal baffle is horizontally movably arranged on the outside of the blocking body, and the end of the horizontal pull rod is connected to the inner side of the metal baffle.

[0007] In one embodiment of the above device, the cylindrical shaft is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete shaft.

[0008] In one embodiment of the above device, the outer surface of the blocking body is provided with a plurality of circles of curved grooves arranged in the same direction.

[0009] In one embodiment of the above device, the curved groove is a tetrahedral groove in the shape of a triangular pyramid.

[0010] In one embodiment of the above device, the blocking body includes a plurality of unit sections, each unit section is formed by assembling a plurality of prefabricated reinforced concrete wedge-shaped bodies, and the upper and lower unit sections are fixed by steel belts after being assembled.

[0011] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned device, three parallel slide grooves are provided on the bottom surface of the metal base, two of which are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the center hole on the metal base, and the other slide groove is arranged on the right side of the center hole and on the central surface between the two symmetrically arranged slide grooves. The end points of the three slide grooves are all the right side edges of the metal base, and the starting points are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose center coincides with the center of the metal base.

[0012] In one embodiment of the above device, a plurality of rollers are provided at the lower end of the metal baffle.

[0013] The construction method of the automatic airspace sealing device provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0014] 1. Preparation

[0015] A closed chamber with a planar dimension larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the roadway is excavated at a designated location in the roadway connecting the goaf. The bottom of the closed chamber is flush with the bottom of the roadway, and the vertical center plane is coplanar with the width center plane of the roadway.

[0016] Cast a cylindrical shaft of set diameter at the vertical center of the closed chamber;

[0017] Three chutes are dug on the bottom surface of the tunnel according to the position of the chutes on the metal base, and the length of the chutes is greater than the length of the chutes on the metal base;

[0018] According to the design requirements, wedge-shaped blocks for assembling the main body of the blockage are poured on the ground and transported to the tunnel;

[0019] 2. Installation of the blocking device

[0020] (1) Install three hydraulic supports and place them at the starting point of each chute;

[0021] (2) Install the metal base on the upper end of the hydraulic support through the slide groove on its bottom surface. Note that the direction of the slide groove of the metal base is the same as the direction of the slide groove on the bottom surface of the roadway;

[0022] (3) Assemble the wedge-shaped blocks of the first and second unit sections on the periphery of the cylindrical shaft, and fix the assembly of the two unit sections with an annular steel belt, with the tetrahedral grooves on each wedge-shaped block facing the same direction;

[0023] (4) Refer to step (3) to assemble each unit section in sequence and fix them;

[0024] (5) Connect and fix each horizontal tie rod to the corresponding hydraulic support, so that the ends of each horizontal tie rod are located in the same vertical plane;

[0025] (6) Connect and secure the ends of each horizontal tie rod to the inner side of the metal baffle with the roller installed.

[0026] The application method of the automatic airspace blocking device provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) Under normal circumstances, the plugging body is supported by hydraulic struts, and the support height of the hydraulic struts and rollers serves as a water passage;

[0028] (2) When the goaf collapses, the falling blocks squeeze the gas in the goaf outward to form a shock wave. The shock wave first rushes out of the water channel and squeezes the metal baffle, causing it to move backward through the roller;

[0029] (3) Pull the horizontal rod backward when the metal baffle moves backward;

[0030] (4) The horizontal pull rod pulls the hydraulic support backward, so that both ends move along the slide groove until they reach the metal base of the hydraulic support body;

[0031] (5) The plugging body and the metal base lose support and fall to the bottom along the cylindrical axis;

[0032] (6) The shock wave impacts the plugging body, squeezing the tetrahedral groove on the plugging body, causing the plugging body to rotate around the cylindrical axis to dissipate energy and release pressure.

[0033] The present invention designs an automatic goaf sealing device that can adjust the goaf pressure, and realizes the free drainage and automatic sealing functions of the goaf according to whether the goaf collapses. If the goaf collapses, the internal impact pressure can be adjusted, thereby quickly eliminating the hidden dangers of the goaf and achieving safe production in the mine. When the goaf does not collapse, the sealing body is supported by hydraulic pillars, and the metal baffle is supported by rollers. There is a drainage channel at the bottom of the tunnel. When the goaf collapses, the shock wave first rushes out from the channel at the bottom of the tunnel to squeeze the metal baffle, causing it to move backward through the rollers to consume energy and release pressure. At the same time, the hydraulic pillar is pulled backward by the horizontal pull rod, causing the hydraulic pillar to move to the rear side. When the hydraulic pillar is separated from the metal base it supports, the sealing body falls along the cylindrical axis to the bottom of the tunnel to seal the tunnel. At the same time, because the outer surface of the plugging body is uniformly covered with multiple circles of curved grooves, the shock wave squeezes the curved grooves, causing the plugging body to rotate. The plugging body is very heavy, and when it rotates, it can quickly consume the energy of the shock wave and release pressure, thus preventing the shock wave from damaging mining production. In short, the present invention cleverly solves the conflicting problems of goaf sealing and drainage difficulties by providing a plugging body that can automatically fall and then rotate after falling to consume the shock wave energy. This eliminates obstacles to goaf management in mines and is of great significance for improving goaf stability, reducing goaf immersion instability, and ensuring safe underground mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in use without collapse in the goaf.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A in .

[0036] Figure 3 This is a top view of the plugging body and cylindrical shaft after assembly.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the metal base viewed from above.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the blocking state after the empty area collapses in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Combine Figures 1 to 5 It can be seen that:

[0040] The automatic airspace blocking device disclosed in this embodiment mainly includes a cylindrical shaft 1, a blocking body 2, a metal base 3, a hydraulic support 4, a horizontal pull rod 5 and a metal baffle 6.

[0041] The vertical cylindrical shaft 1 is higher than the tunnel height. The blocking body 2 is a cylinder with a diameter larger than the tunnel cross section, and a metal base 3 of the same plane size is provided at its lower end.

[0042] The overall height of the blocking body 2 and the metal base 3 is greater than the tunnel height. The overall part is sleeved on the cylindrical shaft 1 with a clearance fit. The outer surface of the blocking body 1 is provided with multiple circles of triangular pyramidal tetrahedral grooves.

[0043] A plurality of hydraulic struts 4 are supported below the metal base 3 .

[0044] Each hydraulic support is vertically connected to a horizontal pull rod 5 , a vertical metal baffle 6 is provided on the outside of the blocking body 2 , and the end of the horizontal pull rod 5 is connected to the inside of the metal baffle 6 .

[0045] The cylindrical shaft 1 is cast with reinforced concrete.

[0046] In order to facilitate the installation and construction of the blocking body 1, the blocking body 1 is assembled into a required height by assembling several unit sections up and down.

[0047] In order to facilitate the splicing of the unit sections, each unit section is assembled using several prefabricated reinforced concrete wedge blocks. The wedge blocks are prefabricated on the ground and then transported to the tunnel.

[0048] Adjacent unit sections are assembled and fixed by steel belts 7.

[0049] The height of each unit section and the number of wedge-shaped blocks can be set according to actual needs. When each wedge-shaped block is prefabricated, the number of tetrahedral grooves on it can be determined according to the actual height. In this embodiment, each unit section is provided with a circle of tetrahedral grooves arranged in the same direction, and the outer surface of each wedge-shaped block is provided with a tetrahedral groove.

[0050] The automatic blocking idea of this embodiment is:

[0051] Under normal circumstances, the blocking body is supported by hydraulic struts, and the support height of the hydraulic struts and the rollers at the lower end of the metal baffle serves as a water passage.

[0052] When the empty area collapses, the falling blocks squeeze the gas in the empty area and discharge the shock wave outward. The shock wave first rushes out from the water channel and squeezes the metal baffle. The metal baffle moves backward through the rollers to consume energy while pulling the horizontal pull rod backward. The horizontal pull rod pulls the hydraulic support backward, causing the hydraulic support to slide away from the metal base. After losing support, the metal base falls and seals the tunnel. At this time, the shock wave squeezes the tetrahedral groove on the sealing body, causing the sealing body to rotate around the cylindrical axis to absorb the energy of the shock wave.

[0053] That is, when collapse occurs, the device consumes energy in two sections: the first section is the energy consumption of the metal baffle moving backward, and the second section is the energy consumption of the blocking body rotating.

[0054] In order to facilitate the horizontal sliding of the hydraulic support, corresponding sliding grooves need to be provided on the bottom surface of the metal base at the lower end of the blocking body and the bottom surface of the tunnel.

[0055] In this embodiment, there are three hydraulic pillars. When in the supporting state, they are respectively located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The center of the equilateral triangle coincides with the center of the metal base. Therefore, the specific positions of the three parallel chutes respectively set on the bottom surface of the metal base 3 and the bottom surface of the tunnel are as follows: two of the chutes HC are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the center hole on the metal base 3, and the other chute HC is arranged on the right side of the center hole. On the center surface between the two symmetrically arranged chutes, the starting position of the three chutes on the metal base 3 is the supporting position of the hydraulic pillar 4, and the end point is the right side edge of the metal base. The length of the chute on the bottom surface of the tunnel needs to be greater than the length of the chute on the metal base, because the blocking body 2 can only fall after the hydraulic pillar 4 is separated from the metal base.

[0056] The support position setting of the hydraulic support can ensure the stable and centered falling of the blocking body.

[0057] The diameter of the blocking body is larger than the cross-sectional size of the tunnel, so a groove needs to be cut vertically in the tunnel at the installation position of the blocking body to install the closed chamber of the blocking body.

[0058] The manufacturing and installation process of the blocking device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0059] 1. Preparation

[0060] A closed chamber with a planar dimension larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the roadway is excavated at a designated location in the roadway connecting the goaf. The bottom of the closed chamber is flush with the bottom of the roadway, and the vertical center is located on the center plane of the roadway in the width direction.

[0061] Cast a cylindrical shaft of set diameter at the vertical center of the closed chamber;

[0062] Three corresponding chutes are dug on the bottom of the tunnel according to the positions on the metal base. However, the length of the chutes on the bottom of the tunnel must be greater than the length of the chutes on the metal base, so that after the hydraulic support is separated from the metal base, the blocking body can fall smoothly.

[0063] According to the design requirements, wedge-shaped blocks used to assemble the sealing body are cast on the ground and then transported to the tunnel.

[0064] The above preparations can be carried out step by step or simultaneously.

[0065] 2. Installation of the blocking device

[0066] (1) Install three hydraulic supports so that they are located at the starting points of each chute on the bottom of the tunnel.

[0067] (2) The metal base is installed on the upper end of the hydraulic support through a slide groove, and the slide groove direction of the metal base is the same as the slide groove direction of the bottom surface of the closed chamber.

[0068] (3) Assemble the wedge blocks of the first and second unit sections on the periphery of the cylindrical axis, and fix the assembly of the two unit sections with an annular steel belt, with the tetrahedral grooves on the unit sections facing the same direction; when fixing the unit sections, pay attention to check whether they can rotate around the cylindrical axis.

[0069] (4) Refer to step (3) and assemble each unit section in sequence and fix them.

[0070] (5) Connect and fix each horizontal tie rod to the corresponding hydraulic support, and the ends of each horizontal tie rod are located in the same vertical plane.

[0071] (6) Connect and secure the ends of each horizontal tie rod to the inner side of the baffle with the roller installed.

[0072] After the plugging device is installed, under normal circumstances, the plugging body is supported by hydraulic struts, and the support height of the hydraulic struts and rollers serves as a water passage. When the goaf collapses, the falling blocks squeeze the gas in the goaf and discharge it outward, forming a shock wave. The shock wave first rushes out of the water passage and squeezes the metal baffle, causing it to move backward through the rollers to dissipate energy and release pressure. When the metal baffle moves backward, it pulls the horizontal pull rod backward, and the horizontal pull rod pulls the hydraulic strut backward, causing its two ends to move along the slide groove respectively, until the hydraulic strut is separated from the metal base. The plugging body and the metal base lose support and fall to the bottom along the cylindrical axis. The shock wave impacts the plugging body, squeezing the tetrahedral groove on the plugging body, causing the plugging body to rotate around the cylindrical axis to dissipate energy and release pressure.

[0073] The above-mentioned structure, installation and construction, and sealing principle of the sealing device can be simply summarized as follows: the present invention designs an automatic sealing device with the function of shock wave pressure relief for the goaf, which can realize the free drainage and automatic pressure relief and sealing functions of the goaf according to whether the goaf collapses. During sealing, the hidden dangers of the goaf can be quickly eliminated, thereby realizing safe production in the mine.

Claims

1. An automatic airspace blocking device, characterized by: The device includes a cylindrical shaft, a blocking body, a metal base, a hydraulic support, a horizontal pull rod and a metal baffle; The height of the cylindrical shaft is greater than the height of the tunnel; the blocking body is a cylinder with a diameter greater than the tunnel cross-section, and a metal base of the same plane size is provided at its lower end; the blocking body and the metal base are integrally sleeved outside the cylindrical shaft with a clearance fit; multiple hydraulic struts are supported below the metal base, each hydraulic strut being able to slide horizontally in the same direction; each hydraulic strut is vertically connected to a horizontal pull rod; a metal baffle is horizontally movably provided on the outside of the blocking body, and the end of the horizontal pull rod is connected to the inside of the metal baffle; The outer surface of the blocking body is provided with a plurality of circles of curved grooves arranged in the same direction; The curved groove is a tetrahedral groove in the shape of a triangular pyramid; The bottom surface of the metal base is provided with three parallel sliding grooves, two of which are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the center hole on the metal base, and the other sliding groove is arranged on the right side of the center hole and on the central surface between the two symmetrically arranged sliding grooves. The end points of the three sliding grooves are all at the right side edge of the metal base, and the starting points are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose center coincides with the center of the metal base; A plurality of rollers are arranged at the lower end of the metal baffle.

2. The automatic airspace sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical shaft is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete shaft.

3. The automatic airspace sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking body comprises a plurality of unit sections, each of which is formed by assembling a plurality of prefabricated reinforced concrete wedge-shaped bodies, and the upper and lower unit sections are fixed by steel belts after being assembled.

4. A construction method of the automatic airspace sealing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:

1. Preparation A closed chamber with a planar dimension larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the roadway is excavated at a designated location in the roadway connecting the goaf. The bottom of the closed chamber is flush with the bottom of the roadway, and the vertical center plane is coplanar with the width center plane of the roadway. Cast a cylindrical shaft of set diameter at the vertical center of the closed chamber; Three chutes are dug on the bottom surface of the tunnel according to the position of the chutes on the metal base, and the length of the chutes is greater than the length of the chutes on the metal base; According to the design requirements, wedge-shaped blocks for assembling the main body of the blockage are poured on the ground and transported to the tunnel; 2. Installation of the blocking device (1) Install three hydraulic supports and place them at the starting point of each chute; (2) Install the metal base on the upper end of the hydraulic support through the slide groove on its bottom surface. Note that the direction of the slide groove of the metal base is the same as that of the slide groove on the bottom surface of the roadway; (3) Assemble the wedge blocks of the first and second unit sections on the periphery of the cylindrical shaft, and fix the assembly of the two unit sections with an annular steel belt, with the tetrahedral grooves on each wedge block facing the same direction; (4) Refer to step (3) and assemble each unit section in sequence and fix them; (5) Connect and fix each horizontal tie rod to the corresponding hydraulic support, so that the ends of each horizontal tie rod are located in the same vertical plane; (6) Connect and secure the ends of each horizontal tie rod to the inner side of the metal baffle with the roller installed.

5. A method for using the automatic airspace blocking device according to claim 4, comprising the following steps: (1) Under normal circumstances, the plugging body is supported by hydraulic supports, and the support height of the hydraulic supports and rollers serves as a water passage; (2) When the goaf collapses, the falling blocks squeeze the gas in the goaf and discharge it outwards, forming a shock wave. The shock wave first rushes out of the water channel and squeezes the metal baffle, causing it to move backwards through the roller; (3) Pull the horizontal rod backward when the metal baffle moves backward; (4) Pull the hydraulic support backward with the horizontal pull rod, so that both ends of the hydraulic support move along the slide groove until the hydraulic support is separated from the metal base; (5) The plugging body and the metal base lose support and fall to the bottom along the cylindrical axis; (6) The shock wave impacts the plugging body, squeezing the tetrahedral groove on the plugging body, causing the plugging body to rotate around the cylindrical axis to dissipate energy and release pressure.

Images