Method and device for controlling water content of fuel cell membrane

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method and device for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane, which belongs to the field of fuel cell technology. The method includes: stably controlling the temperature of a fuel cell and its cathode and anode pipelines at a set temperature; introducing airflow into the anode and cathode pipelines so that both the anode and cathode pipelines achieve a hydrogen atmosphere with a certain target relative humidity; applying voltage or current to the fuel cell and monitoring its ohmic resistance; when the ohmic resistance reaches the target ohmic resistance and remains stable, stop applying voltage or current, stop introducing airflow, and stop heating in sequence. The device includes a gas supply unit, a gas humidification unit, and a temperature control unit, which are connected in sequence, as well as an electrochemical test unit. The present disclosure addresses the problems of too long a membrane water content control time and insufficient accuracy in proton exchange membrane fuel cell experiments, and can achieve accurate, rapid, and uniform control of the water content of the fuel cell membrane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method and device for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells, as energy conversion carriers from chemical energy to electrical energy in a hydrogen energy society, have the advantages of high efficiency, environmental friendliness, quietness, high reliability, etc., and have broad application prospects. The membrane water content of fuel cells affects both the proton transport within the membrane and catalyst layer, and also affects key parameters such as the electrochemical active area. Therefore, the quantitative characterization of fuel cell parameters and experiments such as sub-zero start-up require accurate membrane water content control.

[0003] The humidified gas balanced purge can accurately and evenly control the membrane water content, but the purge rate is slow and often takes several hours; the dry gas purge and other membrane water content control methods take away water quickly, but it takes a long time to get a stable membrane water content after the purge, and it is difficult to accurately control the membrane water content. Developing a fuel cell test device that can accurately, quickly, and evenly control the membrane water content can significantly improve the accuracy and speed of the experiment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.

[0005] To this end, the method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure is intended to overcome the problems of long time and insufficient accuracy in controlling the water content of the fuel cell membrane, and can achieve rapid, accurate and uniform control of the water content of the membrane.

[0006] The method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided by the first embodiment of the present disclosure includes:

[0007] 1) Temperature control: stably controlling the temperature of the fuel cell and the cathode pipeline and anode pipeline of the fuel cell at a set temperature;

[0008] 2) Airflow control: introducing airflow into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline so that the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline both achieve a hydrogen atmosphere with a certain target relative humidity, wherein the target relative humidity is determined by the membrane water content to be controlled;

[0009] 3) Load control: applying voltage or current to the fuel cell and monitoring the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell;

[0010] 4) Stop procedure: When the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell reaches the target ohmic resistance and remains stable, the application of voltage or current, the flow of air and the heating are stopped in sequence.

[0011] In some embodiments, in step 1), the set temperature is controlled at 60°C to 80°C.

[0012] In some embodiments, the airflow control in step 2) is performed in any of the following two ways:

[0013] ① First, a certain target relative humidity or dry inert gas is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline until the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell increases, and then hydrogen gas with a certain target relative humidity is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline;

[0014] ② First, dry inert gas is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline to reduce the membrane water content to near the membrane water content to be controlled, and then hydrogen with a certain target relative humidity is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline.

[0015] In some embodiments, in the load control of step 3), direct current or alternating current is applied.

[0016] In some embodiments, the waveform of the alternating current is one waveform or a combination of multiple waveforms.

[0017] In some embodiments, the alternating current has a symmetrical waveform or an asymmetrical waveform.

[0018] In some embodiments, the criterion for stopping the program in step 4) is that the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell is maintained within a certain range near the target ohmic resistance within a certain period of time, and the target ohmic resistance is calculated according to the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Where R is the target ohmic resistance, σ e , l and S are respectively the conductivity, thickness and area of ​​the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell, T is the set temperature in step 1), and λ is the membrane water content to be controlled.

[0021] The method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided by the first embodiment of the present disclosure has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1) The hydrogen pump reaction is used to accelerate the balance between the water content in the membrane and the relative humidity of the incoming gas, so as to achieve accurate, rapid and balanced control of the water content in the membrane.

[0023] 2) Based on the current fuel cell test device, the water content of the fuel cell membrane is controlled by modifying the gas pipeline and the electronic control method.

[0024] The control device provided by the second aspect embodiment of the present disclosure based on the method described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of the present disclosure comprises a gas supply unit, a gas humidification unit and a temperature control unit, and an electrochemical test unit connected in sequence; wherein:

[0025] The gas supply unit is used to supply different gases to the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell by switching valves, and the gas types include hydrogen, air and inert gas;

[0026] The gas humidification unit is used to control the relative humidity of the gas passing into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell to achieve the airflow control of step 2);

[0027] The temperature control unit is used to control the gas passing into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell and the temperature of the fuel cell to achieve the temperature control of step 1);

[0028] The electrochemical test unit is connected to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell and is used to implement electrochemical test control of the fuel cell.

[0029] In some embodiments, the gas humidification unit includes a first humidifier, a second humidifier and several branches provided with valves, the air inlet of the first humidifier is connected to the anode side outlet of the gas supply unit through a fifth branch provided with a fifth valve, the air inlet and the air outlet of the first humidifier are connected through a sixth branch provided with a sixth valve, the air inlet of the second humidifier is connected to the cathode side outlet of the gas supply unit through a seventh branch provided with a seventh valve, and the air inlet and the air outlet of the second humidifier are connected through an eighth branch provided with an eighth valve.

[0030] In some embodiments, the temperature control unit includes a first heater and a second heater, the first heater is disposed between the sixth branch and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell, and the second heater is disposed between the eighth branch and the cathode pipeline of the fuel cell.

[0031] In some embodiments, an ohmic resistance testing module is provided in the electrochemical testing unit for measuring the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell.

[0032] Features and beneficial effects of the present invention: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided in Example 1 of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a control device for the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided in Example 2 of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the membrane water content control method provided in Example 3 of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a rendering of the membrane water content control method provided in Example 3 of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a rendering of the membrane water content control method provided in Example 4 of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0039] On the contrary, the present application covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present application as defined by the claims. Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding of the present application, some specific details are described in detail in the detailed description of the present application below. Those skilled in the art can fully understand the present application without the description of these details.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] See also Figure 1 The method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided by the first embodiment of the present disclosure includes:

[0042] 1) Temperature control: The temperature of the fuel cell and the cathode and anode pipes of the fuel cell is stably controlled at the set temperature;

[0043] 2) Airflow control: Airflow is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline to achieve a hydrogen atmosphere with a certain target relative humidity in both the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline. The target relative humidity is determined by the membrane water content to be controlled according to the corresponding relationship between the membrane water content of the membrane used and the relative humidity between the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline;

[0044] 3) Load control: applying voltage or current to the fuel cell and detecting the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell;

[0045] 4) Stop procedure: When the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell reaches the target ohmic resistance and remains stable, the application of voltage or current, the flow of air, and the heating are stopped in sequence.

[0046] Furthermore, in step 1), the temperature of the fuel cell and the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline is preferably controlled at 60°C to 80°C.

[0047] Furthermore, the airflow control method in step 2) can be implemented in any of the following two ways:

[0048] ① First, a certain target relative humidity or dry inert gas (dry nitrogen is used in this embodiment) is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline until the ohmic resistance increases, and then hydrogen with a certain target relative humidity is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline.

[0049] ② First, dry inert gas is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline to reduce the membrane water content to near the membrane water content that needs to be controlled, and then hydrogen with a certain target relative humidity is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline.

[0050] Furthermore, in the load control in step 3), direct current or alternating current may be applied. Considering the requirement for accuracy in controlling the water content of the membrane, alternating current is preferred.

[0051] Furthermore, the waveform of the alternating current may be one waveform or a combination of multiple waveforms. Specifically, the waveform of the alternating current may be a combination of any one or more of a sine waveform, a square waveform, a triangle waveform and a sawtooth waveform.

[0052] Furthermore, the alternating current is a symmetrical waveform or an asymmetrical waveform.

[0053] Furthermore, the criterion for stopping the program in step 4) is that the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell is maintained within a certain range near the target ohmic resistance within a certain period of time, and the target ohmic resistance is calculated according to the following formula (1):

[0054]

[0055] Where R is the target ohmic resistance, σ e , l and S are the conductivity, thickness and area of ​​the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell respectively, T is the set temperature in step 1), and λ is the membrane water content to be controlled.

[0056] See also Figure 2 The method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane provided by the first embodiment of the present disclosure has the following working principle:

[0057] The control method disclosed in the present invention utilizes a hydrogen pump reaction to cause hydrogen convection perpendicular to the membrane direction through hydrogen consumption and generation reactions; the convective hydrogen will carry water vapor, reduce the transmission resistance of water vapor in the porous medium of the fuel cell, promote the inflow or discharge of water vapor, and then accelerate the absorption or evaporation of membrane water, thereby achieving a rapid balance between the membrane water content and the relative humidity of the airflow.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment adopts Figure 2 The fuel cell membrane water content control device shown implements the fuel cell membrane water content control method provided in Example 1. The control device of this embodiment includes a gas supply unit 1, a gas humidification unit 2 and a temperature control unit 3, and an electrochemical test unit 5 connected in sequence; wherein:

[0060] A gas supply unit 1, used to supply different gases to the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 by switching valves, and the gas types include hydrogen, air and inert gas (nitrogen is used in this embodiment);

[0061] A gas humidifying unit 2, used to control the relative humidity of the gas passing into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4, to achieve the airflow control of step 2);

[0062] A temperature control unit 3, used to control the temperature of the gas entering the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 and the fuel cell 4, so as to achieve the temperature control of step 1);

[0063] The electrochemical test unit 5 is connected to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell 4 and is used to implement electrochemical test control of the fuel cell 4 .

[0064] In some embodiments, the gas supply unit 1 includes a gas cylinder group 11 and several branches provided with valves. The gas cylinder group 11 includes an air cylinder 111, a nitrogen cylinder 112 and a hydrogen cylinder 113. The gas outlet of the air cylinder 111 is connected to a first branch 131 provided with a first pressure reducing valve 121 and a first valve 141, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 113 is connected to a second branch 132 provided with a third pressure reducing valve 123 and a second valve 142. The gas outlet of the nitrogen cylinder 112 passes through the second pressure reducing valve 122 and is connected to the first branch 131 and the second branch 132 respectively through the third branch 133 and the fourth branch 134. The third branch 133 is provided with a third valve 143, and the fourth branch 134 is provided with a fourth valve 144. The common interface of the first branch 131 and the third branch 133 serves as the anode side outlet of the gas supply unit 1, and the common interface of the second branch 132 and the fourth branch 134 serves as the cathode side outlet of the gas supply unit 1. Among them, each gas cylinder in the gas cylinder group 11 is a high-pressure gas cylinder. In the conventional fuel cell test procedures (such as load control, DC voltage and current control, etc.), hydrogen and air are respectively introduced into the anode pipeline and cathode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 through the first valve 141 on the first branch 131 and the second valve 142 on the second branch 132, and the third valve 143 on the third branch 133 and the fourth valve 144 on the fourth branch 134 are closed; in the nitrogen purge process of the membrane water content control procedure, nitrogen passes through the third valve 143 on the third branch 133 and the fourth valve 144 on the fourth branch 134. 144 are respectively introduced into the anode pipeline and cathode pipeline of the fuel cell 4, and the first valve 141 on the first branch 131 and the second valve 142 on the second branch 132 are closed; during the hydrogen purge process of the membrane water content control program, hydrogen is introduced into the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 through the first valve 141 on the first branch 131, and is introduced into the cathode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 through the third valve 143 on the third branch 133 and the fourth valve 144 on the fourth branch 134, and the second valve 142 on the second branch 132 is closed.

[0065] In some embodiments, the gas humidifying unit 2 includes a first humidifier 211, a second humidifier 212 and several branches provided with valves, the air inlet of the first humidifier 211 is connected to the anode side outlet of the gas supply unit 1 through a fifth branch 231 provided with a fifth valve 221, the air inlet and the air outlet of the first humidifier 211 are connected through a sixth branch 232 provided with a sixth valve 222, the air inlet of the second humidifier 212 is connected to the cathode side outlet of the gas supply unit 1 through a seventh branch 233 provided with a seventh valve 223, and the air inlet and the air outlet of the second humidifier 212 are connected through an eighth branch 234 provided with an eighth valve 224. In this embodiment, each humidifier controls the relative humidity of the incoming gas relative to the temperature of the fuel cell by controlling the temperature of the water; when the gas needs to be humidified, the fifth valve 221 on the fifth branch 231 is opened, the sixth valve 222 on the sixth branch 232 is closed, and the gas enters the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 through the first humidifier 221. At the same time, the seventh valve 223 on the seventh branch 233 is opened, the eighth valve 224 on the eighth branch 234 is closed, and the gas enters the cathode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 through the second humidifier 212; when the gas does not need to be humidified, the sixth valve 222 on the sixth branch 232 and the eighth valve 224 on the eighth branch 234 are opened, the fifth valve 221 on the fifth branch 231 and the seventh valve 223 on the seventh branch 233 are closed, and the gas bypasses the first humidifier 211 and the second humidifier 212 through the bypass pipeline to enter the anode pipeline and cathode pipeline of the fuel cell 4.

[0066] In some embodiments, the temperature control unit 3 includes a temperature measuring part and a heating part, which can realize the temperature control of the gas pipeline and the fuel cell 4. Specifically, the temperature control unit 3 includes a first heater 311 and a second heater 312, the first heater 311 is arranged between the sixth branch 232 and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4, and the second heater 312 is arranged between the eighth branch 234 and the cathode pipeline of the fuel cell 4.

[0067] In some embodiments, the positive and negative electrodes of the electrochemical test unit 5 are respectively connected to the hydrogen electrode and the air electrode of the fuel cell 4 to apply current or voltage control to the fuel cell.

[0068] Furthermore, the electrochemical test unit 5 includes an ohmic resistance test module for measuring the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 .

[0069] Example 3

[0070] One embodiment of the present disclosure is to use Figure 2 The device shown realizes the control of the water content of the fuel cell membrane, and comprises:

[0071] 1) Temperature control: The temperature of the fuel cell 4 is controlled at 80°C, and the temperature of the pipeline of the gas humidification unit and the pipeline of the anode and cathode inlet of the fuel cell is controlled at 110°C. The above temperature control is achieved by controlling the heating of the heating plate through PID regulation;

[0072] 2) Airflow control: First, a certain flow rate of dry nitrogen (2 L / min in this embodiment) is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 at the same time, and the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 is monitored by the electrochemical test unit 5; when the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 increases, the first valve 141, the second valve 142, the fifth valve 221 and the seventh valve 223 are closed, and the third valve 143, the fourth valve 144, the sixth valve 222 and the eighth valve 224 are opened, and the first valve 141, the second valve 142, the fifth valve 221 and the seventh valve 223 are opened, and the third valve 143, the fourth valve 144, the sixth valve 222 and the eighth valve 224 are closed, so as to switch the gas introduced into the cathode pipelines of the fuel cell 4 to hydrogen with a relative humidity of 70%;

[0073] 3) Load control: A square wave voltage with an amplitude of 400 mV and a frequency of 0.5 Hz switching between positive and negative is applied to the fuel cell 4 through the electrochemical test unit 5 to achieve an interactive hydrogen pump reaction and detect the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 at the same time. At this time, the state of the fuel cell 4 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown: the flow channels of the anode and cathode are filled with a hydrogen atmosphere of a certain relative humidity; the applied alternating current causes the porous electrodes to undergo an alternating hydrogen pump reaction, hydrogen is reduced at the high potential electrode and generated at the low potential electrode, and the potential of the electrodes is periodically switched; the alternating hydrogen pump reaction drives the hydrogen convection in the porous electrodes, carrying water vapor into or out of the porous electrodes, accelerating the absorption or evaporation of the membrane water content, and accelerating the balance between the membrane water content and the relative humidity of the gas in the flow channel;

[0074] 4) Stop procedure: In this embodiment, the membrane water content to be controlled is 5, and the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 calculated according to formula (1) is 0.31Ωcm 2 When the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 is within 5% of the required value and is maintained for more than 3 minutes, it is considered that the membrane water content is controlled, and the voltage application, the air flow and the heating are stopped in sequence.

[0075] The effect of the membrane water content control method of this embodiment is compared with the effect of the balance gas purge to control the membrane water content. Figure 4 As shown, the membrane water content control method proposed in this embodiment can achieve a control accuracy close to that of balanced purge while reducing the purge time to 25% of that of balanced purge.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] One embodiment of the present disclosure is a process of controlling the water content of a fuel cell membrane using a membrane water content control method, which is different from Embodiment 3 in that:

[0078] In step 2), a certain flow rate of dry nitrogen (2 L / min in this embodiment) is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 at the same time, and the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 is monitored until the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 increases to 0.55 Ωcm 2 , switching the gas introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell 4 to hydrogen with a relative humidity of 40%;

[0079] In step 4), the membrane water content to be controlled is 3, and the corresponding ohmic resistance of the fuel cell 4 is 0.5Ωcm 2 When the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell is within 5% of the required value and the temperature is maintained for more than 5 minutes, it is considered that the control of the membrane water content is achieved, and the application of voltage, the flow of gas, and the heating are stopped in sequence.

[0080] The rest are the same as in Example 3 and will not be described again here.

[0081] The effect of the membrane water content control method of this embodiment is compared with the effect of the method of combining dry gas purge and balance gas purge to control the membrane water content. Figure 5 The membrane water content control method proposed in this embodiment is used to control the membrane water content, and while achieving the control accuracy combined with dry gas purge and balance gas purge, the purge time is reduced to 18%.

[0082] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms must be directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0083] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling water content of a fuel cell membrane, characterized in that: include: 1) Temperature control: stably controlling the temperature of the fuel cell and the cathode pipeline and anode pipeline of the fuel cell at a set temperature; 2) Airflow control: introducing airflow into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline so that the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline both achieve a hydrogen atmosphere with a certain target relative humidity, wherein the target relative humidity is determined by the membrane water content to be controlled; 3) Load control: applying voltage or current to the fuel cell and monitoring the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell; 4) Stop procedure: When the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell reaches the target ohmic resistance and remains stable, the application of voltage or current, the flow of air and the heating are stopped in sequence.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the set temperature is controlled at 60°C to 80°C.

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airflow control in step 2) is carried out in either of the following two ways: ① First, a certain target relative humidity or dry inert gas is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline until the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell increases, and then hydrogen gas with a certain target relative humidity is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline; ② First, dry inert gas is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline to reduce the membrane water content to near the membrane water content to be controlled, and then hydrogen with a certain target relative humidity is introduced into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline.

4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the load control of step 3), direct current or alternating current is applied.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waveform of the alternating current is one waveform or a combination of multiple waveforms.

6. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The alternating current has a symmetrical waveform or an asymmetrical waveform.

7. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The judgment criterion for stopping the program in step 4) is that the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell is maintained within a certain range near the target ohmic resistance within a certain period of time, and the target ohmic resistance is calculated according to the following formula: Where R is the target ohmic resistance, σ e , l and S are respectively the conductivity, thickness and area of ​​the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell, T is the set temperature in step 1), and λ is the membrane water content to be controlled.

8. A control device based on the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a gas supply unit, a gas humidification unit, a temperature control unit, and an electrochemical test unit connected in sequence; wherein: The gas supply unit is used to supply different gases to the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell by switching valves, and the gas types include hydrogen, air and inert gas; The gas humidification unit is used to control the relative humidity of the gas passing into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell to achieve the airflow control of step 2); The temperature control unit is used to control the gas passing into the cathode pipeline and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell and the temperature of the fuel cell to achieve the temperature control of step 1); The electrochemical test unit is connected to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell and is used to implement electrochemical test control of the fuel cell.

9. The control device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gas supply unit includes a gas cylinder group and several branches with valves, the gas cylinder group includes an air cylinder, an inert gas cylinder and a hydrogen cylinder, the gas outlet of the air cylinder is connected to a first branch with a first pressure reducing valve and a first valve, the gas outlet of the hydrogen cylinder is connected to a second branch with a third pressure reducing valve and a second valve, the gas outlet of the inert gas cylinder passes through the second pressure reducing valve and is connected to the first branch and the second branch respectively through a third branch and a fourth branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are respectively provided with a third valve and a fourth valve, the common interface of the first branch and the third branch serves as the anode side outlet of the gas supply unit, and the common interface of the second branch and the fourth branch serves as the cathode side outlet of the gas supply unit.

10. The control device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gas humidifying unit includes a first humidifier, a second humidifier and several branches with valves, the air inlet of the first humidifier is connected to the anode side outlet of the gas supply unit through a fifth branch with a fifth valve, the air inlet and the air outlet of the first humidifier are connected through a sixth branch with a sixth valve, the air inlet of the second humidifier is connected to the cathode side outlet of the gas supply unit through a seventh branch with a seventh valve, and the air inlet and the air outlet of the second humidifier are connected through an eighth branch with an eighth valve.

11. The control device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The temperature control unit includes a first heater and a second heater, the first heater is arranged between the sixth branch and the anode pipeline of the fuel cell, and the second heater is arranged between the eighth branch and the cathode pipeline of the fuel cell.

12. The control device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electrochemical test unit is provided with an ohmic resistance test module for measuring the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell.

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