Upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method and ventilation structure in stope

Abstract

The present invention provides a mining method and ventilation structure for upward horizontal stratified access filling in a stope. The ventilation structure includes several mining accesses, stratified connecting roads and upper segmented return air tunnels for connecting the upper and lower walls of the ore body, and a ventilation inclined shaft excavated along one side of the upper wall for connecting the stratified connecting roads and the upper segmented return air tunnel. Several mining accesses are located in the layer where the stratified connecting roads are located, and the height of the mining accesses is lower than that of the stratified connecting roads. An empty space is provided at the interface between the mining accesses and the stratified connecting roads, and airflow flows sequentially through the stratified connecting roads, the mining accesses, the empty space, the ventilation inclined shaft, and the upper segmented return air tunnel. While ensuring that the mining accesses are filled and connected to the top, the present invention can also ensure that the interface between the stratified connecting roads and the mining accesses is not filled and connected to the top, thereby forming an empty space. This allows the entire mining process to form a complete ventilation route, and the entire excavation process is in fresh airflow, preventing hazards to workers caused by dust and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, in particular to a mining method with upward horizontal layered access filling in a stope and a ventilation structure thereof. Background Art

[0002] The upward horizontal layered, strike-based approach-and-fill mining method is widely used in the mining of gently inclined, medium-thick ore bodies in metal mines. During the mining process, this local ventilation method has certain drawbacks, primarily manifested in the lack of independent return air lanes or shafts, the use of interlayer connecting lanes and segmented lanes (i.e., off-vein lanes) as both intake and return air lanes, and the sharing of polluted and fresh air through interlayer connecting lanes and off-vein lanes. This operation creates the potential for fresh and polluted air to mix, contaminating fresh air and pedestrian walkways. The blasting smoke and dust in the polluted air can seriously affect the health of underground workers and increase the risk of occupational diseases.

[0003] like Figure 1 a. Figure 1 b and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in the absence of independent return air ducts or return air shafts, the use of either forced-in ventilation or exhaust ventilation alone has disadvantages. Figure 1 a and Figure 1 As shown in b, in the forced ventilation, the fan is installed on the fresh air flow side of the outer tunnel 5. After the fresh air flows from the forced ventilation fan 10 through the air duct 12 into the mining access 1, the harmful gases and dust in the mining access 1 are taken out, and the polluted air is discharged through the stratified connecting channel 2 (i.e., the layer-changing connecting channel) and the outer tunnel 5. The forced ventilation method has the following disadvantages: (1) The forced ventilation fan 10 is placed on the fresh air flow side of the outer tunnel 5. The distance between the forced ventilation fan 10 and the working face of the mining access 1 is long, that is, the air supply distance is long. The long-distance air supply path requires a high-power fan, and the power consumption is large; (2) The cross-sectional area of ​​the air duct 12 is small (the cross-sectional area of ​​the air duct 12 is about 0.6m 2 ), the air intake is small and the ventilation efficiency is low; (3) the polluted air enters the outer tunnel 5 through the layered connecting tunnel 2. The layered connecting tunnel 2 and the outer tunnel 5 serve as both the air intake and return air tunnels. The polluted air can easily pollute the fresh air flow, especially when multiple stopes are mined at the same time, which can easily cause the downwind air flow to be polluted. Figure 2 As shown, in the exhaust ventilation, the pressure fan 11 is installed on the dirty air flow side of the outer channel 5. Compared with the pressure ventilation method, the exhaust ventilation method has the above-mentioned disadvantages in addition to the opposite air flow direction.

[0004] In order to improve the ventilation effect of the mining area, the invention patent with application number CN201911227154.3 discloses a ventilation structure for a downward layered cemented filling mining area, including a mined layer and a layer to be mined located below the mined layer; the mined layer is filled with a cemented filling body, and the cemented filling body is separated by a filling retaining wall and an upper mining area connecting road; the lower mining area connecting road corresponding to the layer to be mined is connected to the upper mining area connecting road; an artificial return air channel is provided in the cemented filling body, one end of which is connected to the layer to be mined, and the other end passes through the filling retaining wall and is connected to the upper mining area connecting road. Although this ventilation structure can effectively improve the ventilation conditions deep in the downward layered cemented filling stope, so that the polluted air in the stope can be discharged through the complete ventilation circuit, however, in this ventilation method, the stope connecting tunnels of the upper and lower layers must be used as air inlet and return air tunnels. Therefore, after each layer is mined, the stope connecting tunnels of the upper and lower layers must remain unobstructed and cannot be filled, otherwise a complete ventilation circuit cannot be formed. However, in order to ensure the safety of the staff, it is usually necessary to fill the stope connecting tunnels of the mined layer, which makes ventilation difficult.

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method and ventilation structure in the stope to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mining method and ventilation structure for filling the horizontal layered approach in the mining area. By setting a ventilation inclined shaft and a filling plate wall, and controlling the height of the filling plate wall and the filling process at the same time, while ensuring that the mining approach is filled and connected to the top, it can be ensured that the intersection space between the layered connecting road and the mining approach is not filled and connected to the top, thereby forming an empty area, and then in the mining process of this layer, the excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the excavation process is in fresh airflow; after the current layer is mined, other layers are mined in sequence from bottom to top. Due to the setting of the empty area, whether it is excavating a new layered connecting road in a new layer or excavating a mining approach in a new layer, the entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the entire excavation process is in fresh airflow, preventing dust and other hazards to the workers.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a mining ventilation structure with upward horizontal layered access filling in a mining area, comprising a plurality of mining accesses, a layered connecting road and an upper segmented return air tunnel for connecting the upper and lower walls of the ore body, and a ventilation inclined shaft excavated along one side of the upper wall for connecting the layered connecting road and the upper segmented return air tunnel; a plurality of the mining accesses are located in the layer where the layered connecting road is located, and the height of the mining access is lower than the height of the layered connecting road; an empty area is provided at the junction space between the mining access and the layered connecting road, and the airflow flows through the layered connecting road, the mining access, the empty area, the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air tunnel in sequence.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the height of the layered connecting road is 0.8-1.2m higher than the mining approach.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the empty area is located between the roof of the layered connecting road and the roof of the filling body filled in the interface space formed by the mining approach and the layered connecting road.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the angle of the ventilation inclined shaft is the same as the angle of the upper wall; the excavation directions of the mining approach and the layered connecting road are perpendicular to each other.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention further provides a method for mining with a horizontal layered approach in a stope, wherein the mining approach is excavated one by one from the upper wall to the lower wall of the ore body during each layered mining, and the mining approach is arranged along the direction of the ore body; the method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1. When the layered contact road is excavated to the footwall, the height of the layered contact road is increased to 0.8-1.2m higher than the mining approach until the excavation reaches the hanging wall;

[0013] S2. A ventilation inclined shaft is excavated along the upper wall so that the ventilation inclined shaft connects the layered contact road and the upper segmented return air roadway provided above the layered contact road;

[0014] S3. Excavating the first mining approach adjacent to the hanging wall, during excavation, fresh air flows sequentially through the outer tunnel, the stratified connecting tunnel, and the mining approach, and polluted air in the mining approach is discharged through the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air roadway;

[0015] S4. After excavation of the mining approach described in the first step is completed, a filling plate wall is installed in the layered connecting channel. The filling plate wall is flush with the side wall of the mining approach away from the ventilation inclined shaft. The height of the filling plate wall is higher than the mining approach and 0.4-0.6m lower than the layered connecting channel. The mining approach is filled to the top, and the interface between the layered connecting channel and the mining approach is not filled to the top, forming a void area.

[0016] S5. Excavating the second mining approach, during which fresh air flows sequentially through the outer-vein tunnel, the stratified connecting tunnel, and the mining approach, and polluted air in the mining approach is discharged through the empty space, the inclined ventilation shaft, and the upper segmented return air tunnel;

[0017] S6. Repeat steps S4 and S5 until the current layer is mined line by line to the footwall and the filling is completed.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ventilation inclined shaft is excavated from bottom to top along the upper plate of the ore body, and the angle of the ventilation inclined shaft is the same as the angle of the upper plate; the width of the ventilation inclined shaft is 1.3-1.8m.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, during filling, the mining access road is filled to the top, and the interface space between the layered connecting road and the mining access road is filled to be flush with the top plate of the mining access road.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pressure-type fan 10 is provided in the layered connecting channel; and an exhaust-type fan is provided in the upper segmented return air channel.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the following steps are also included:

[0022] S7. After the current layer is mined, when a new layer connecting road is excavated in the upper layer adjacent to the layer connecting road, the height of the new layer connecting road in the ore body is 0.8-1.2m higher than the mining approach. During the excavation process, fresh air flows through the off-vein tunnel and the new connecting road in turn, and the polluted air is discharged along the empty area, the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air tunnel.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, a convergence monitoring system and a support structure are provided in the layered connecting channel.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] (1) The present invention provides a method for mining by filling a horizontal layered approach in a stope. When mining each layer, a mining approach is excavated one by one from the upper wall to the lower wall. First, a layered connecting road is excavated so that the height of the layered connecting road in the ore body is higher than the excavation height of the mining approach. Secondly, a ventilation inclined shaft is excavated along the upper wall of the ore body to connect the layered connecting road with the upper segmented return air roadway arranged above the layered connecting road. A filling plate wall is set in the layered connecting road, the height of which is higher than the mining approach and lower than the layered connecting road, and the mining approach is filled. The process is repeated in sequence until the mining of this layer is completed.

[0026] First, by setting up a ventilation inclined shaft, the airflow can enter from the off-vein tunnel and the layered connecting road, and be discharged from the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air tunnel, forming an airflow channel, avoiding the problem of polluted air and fresh air sharing the return air and air inlet tunnels. Secondly, the height setting of the filling plate wall and the control of the filling process can ensure that the mining route is filled and connected to the top while ensuring that the intersection space between the layered connecting road and the mining route is not filled and connected to the top, thereby forming an empty area. In this way, during the layered mining process, the excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the fresh air flows through the off-vein tunnel, the layered connecting road and the mining route in turn. The polluted air in the mining route is discharged along the empty area, the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air tunnel, and the entire excavation process is in fresh airflow.

[0027] (2) The present invention provides a method for filling the mining route in the upward horizontal layer of the mining area. After the current layer is mined, other layers are mined in sequence from bottom to top. Due to the setting of the empty area, whether it is excavating a new layer connecting road in a new layer or excavating a mining route in a new layer, the entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation route. The entire excavation process is in fresh air flow, preventing dust and other hazards to workers.

[0028] (3) The present invention provides a method for mining by filling the horizontal layered approach in the stope. When the new layered connecting road is excavated, two free blasting surfaces can be provided during rock blasting because the filling of the layered connecting road is not connected to the top, thereby increasing the excavation speed and saving the unit consumption of explosives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 a is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the push-in ventilation structure; Figure 1 b is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the push-in ventilation structure.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the exhaust ventilation structure.

[0031] Figure 3 a is a schematic diagram of the stope cross-sectional structure formed when the stope upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method of the present invention completes step S3; Figure 3 b is a schematic diagram of the stope plan structure formed by completing step S3 of the upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method of the stope of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 a is a schematic diagram of the stope cross-sectional structure formed by completing step S4 of the stope upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method of the present invention; Figure 4 b is a schematic diagram of the stope plan structure formed by completing step S4 of the upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method of the stope of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 4a Schematic diagram of the specific height structure of the infill panel wall.

[0034] Figure 6 a is a schematic diagram of the stope cross-sectional structure formed when the stope upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method of the present invention completes step S5; Figure 6 b is a schematic diagram of the stope plan structure formed by completing step S5 of the stope upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals

[0036] 1-mining approach; 2-layer connecting road; 3-ventilation inclined shaft; 4-upper segment return air tunnel; 5-external tunnel; 6-filling board wall; 7-empty area; 8-upper plate; 9-lower plate; 10-pressure fan; 11-exhaust fan; 12-air duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] It should also be noted here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions of the present invention are shown in the drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0039] In addition, it should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0040] See also Figure 3 a to Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 2 , the present invention provides a mining ventilation structure for upward horizontal stratified access filling in a stope, comprising a plurality of mining access routes 1, stratified connecting roads 2 and upper segmented return air tunnels 4 for connecting the upper wall 8 and lower wall 9 of the ore body, and a ventilation inclined shaft 3 excavated along one side of the upper wall 8 for connecting the stratified connecting roads 2 and the upper segmented return air tunnels 4; the plurality of mining access routes 1 are located in the layer where the stratified connecting roads 2 are located, and the height of the mining access routes 1 is lower than that of the stratified connecting roads 2; an empty space 7 is provided at the intersection of the mining access routes 1 and the stratified connecting roads 2. With this arrangement, the stratified connecting roads 2, the mining access routes 1, the empty space 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3, and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4 form a complete passage. During the mining process, fresh air flows sequentially through the stratified connecting roads 2 and the mining access routes 1, and the polluted air in the mining access routes 1 is discharged along the empty space 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3, and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0041] The angle of the ventilation inclined shaft 3 is the same as that of the upper wall 8; the excavation directions of the mining approach 1 and the layered connecting road 2 are perpendicular to each other.

[0042] Specifically, the height of the layered connecting road 2 is 0.8-1.2 m higher than the height of the mining access 1. The void 7 is located between the roof of the layered connecting road 2 and the roof of the filling body filled in the interface space formed by the mining access 1 and the layered connecting road 2.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for mining with upward horizontal layered approach filling in a stope, wherein a mining approach 1 is excavated one by one from the upper wall 8 to the lower wall 9 during each layer mining, and the mining approach 1 is arranged along the direction of the ore body; the method comprises the following steps:

[0044] S1. Excavation of layered connecting road

[0045] Starting from the outer vein tunnel 5, a layered connecting road 2 is excavated perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. When the layered connecting road 2 is excavated to the lower wall 9 of the ore body, the height of the layered connecting road 2 is expanded so that the top plate height of the layered connecting road 2 is 0.8-1.2m higher than the top plate of the mining approach 1, until it is excavated to the upper wall 8 of the ore body, that is, the top plate height of the layered connecting road 2 between the upper wall 8 and the lower wall 9 is different from the top plate height of the layered connecting road 2 not in the ore body.

[0046] Among them, the height of mining approach 1 has been preset before mining.

[0047] S2. Excavation of ventilation shaft

[0048] A ventilation inclined shaft 3 is excavated from bottom to top along the ore body's hanging wall 8, connecting the stratified connecting road 2 with the upper segmented return airway 4 located above the stratified connecting road 2. The angle of the ventilation inclined shaft 3 is the same as that of the ore body's hanging wall. The width of the ventilation inclined shaft 3 is 1.3-1.8m, preferably 1.5m.

[0049] The upper segmented return air tunnel 4 is a pre-excavated tunnel.

[0050] The ventilation inclined shaft 3 can be used as an air inlet shaft or a return air shaft, depending on the air flow of the upper and lower layer connecting channels it passes through.

[0051] S3. Excavation working face

[0052] The first mining approach 1 (e.g. Figure 3 As shown in a, at the upper wall 8 of the ore body, an excavation route 1 is excavated along the direction of the ore body. During the excavation process, fresh air flows through the outer vein tunnel 5, the layered connecting road 2 and the mining route 1 in sequence, and the polluted air in the mining route 1 is discharged along the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0053] In some embodiments, a pressure-type fan 10 is provided in the layered connecting road 2. The fresh air in the outer-vein roadway 5 and the layered connecting road 2 flows through the pressure-type fan 10 into the air duct 12, and then enters the mining access road 1 through the air duct 12. An exhaust-type fan 11 is provided in the upper segmented return air roadway 4. The exhaust-type fan 11 draws the polluted air in the mining access road 1 from the ventilation inclined shaft 3 to the upper segmented return air roadway 4 and discharges it through the air duct 12. The entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation circuit, and the mining access road 1 is always in fresh air flow. In this arrangement, the pressure-type fan 10 is provided in the layered connecting road 2 instead of the outer-vein roadway 5, which shortens the air supply distance and improves the air supply efficiency. At the same time, the exhaust-type fan 11 in the upper segmented return air roadway 4 is used to draw out the polluted air, resulting in good ventilation effect and high efficiency.

[0054] S4. Filling

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown in Figure a, after the excavation of the first mining access 1 is completed, a filling plate wall 6 is set in the layered connecting channel 2. The filling plate wall 6 is flush with the side wall of the mining access 1 away from the ventilation inclined shaft 3. The filling plate wall 6 is perpendicular to the direction of the layered connecting channel 2, and the left and right ends of the filling plate wall 6 are tightly fitted with the side walls of the layered connecting channel 2 to prevent slurry leakage during the filling process.

[0056] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown, the height of the filling plate wall 6 is higher than the mining access 1 and 0.4-0.6m lower than the top plate of the stratified connecting channel 2. That is, the top plate of the filling plate wall 6 is 0.4-0.6m away from the highest point of the arch of the stratified connecting channel 2. This arrangement ensures that the mining access 1 can be filled to the top while preventing the filling slurry from flowing out.

[0057] After the filling plate wall 6 is set, the mining access road 1 is filled. In this way, during the filling process, when the mining access road 1 is filled to the top, the space at the junction of the layered connecting road 2 and the mining access road 1 has not yet been filled to the top, thus forming a void 7 (such as Figure 4 (a), the empty space 7 is the distance between the top of the layered connecting channel 2 and the top of the filling body in the interface space between the layered connecting channel 2 and the mining access 1. In some embodiments, the interface space between the layered connecting channel 2 and the mining access 1 is filled to the same level as the top of the mining access 1. In this case, the empty space 7 is the distance between the top of the layered connecting channel 2 and the top of the mining access 1.

[0058] After each filling is completed and the filling body solidifies, the filling board wall 6 is disassembled for recycling.

[0059] S5. Excavate the working face again

[0060] like Figure 6As shown in Figure a, the second mining approach 1 is excavated. The second mining approach 1 is adjacent to the first mining approach 1 and is located on the side away from the upper wall 8. During the excavation process, the fresh air in the outer-vein tunnel 5 and the stratified connecting tunnel 2 enters the wind duct 12 through the pressure fan 10, and then enters the mining approach 1 through the wind duct 12; the exhaust fan 11 draws the polluted air in the mining approach 1 from the empty area 7 and the ventilation inclined shaft 3 to the upper segmented return air tunnel 4 in sequence, and discharges it through the wind duct 12. The entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the entire excavation process is in fresh air flow, that is, the fresh air flow flows through the outer-vein tunnel 5, the stratified connecting tunnel 2 and the mining approach 1 in sequence, and the polluted air in the mining approach 1 is discharged along the empty area 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0061] S6. Excavation in sequence

[0062] Repeat steps S4 and S5 until the current layer is mined line by line to the footwall 9 and the filling is completed.

[0063] During the entire excavation process, the extra-vein tunnel 5, the layered connecting tunnel 2, the mining approach 1, the empty area 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4 are always in a connected state, so that fresh air flows continuously from the extra-vein tunnel 5 and the layered connecting tunnel 2 into the mining approach 1, and the generated polluted air is discharged from the empty area 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0064] Each time a mining route 1 is excavated, the range of the empty area 7 is different. When the current layer is mined, the empty area 7 is the distance between the top plate of the layer connecting road 2 in the upper wall 8 to the line plate 9 and the top plate of the filling body in the layer connecting road 2.

[0065] S7. Mining the remaining layers

[0066] After the current layer is mined, other layers are mined in sequence from bottom to top until the ore body is mined.

[0067] Specifically, when a new layered connecting road 2 is excavated in the upper layer adjacent to the layered connecting road 2, the roof height of the new layered connecting road 2 in the ore body is 0.8-1.2m higher than the roof of the mining approach 1. During the excavation of the new layered connecting road 2, fresh air flows through the extra-vein tunnel 5 and the new layered connecting road 2 in turn, and the polluted air is discharged along the goaf 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0068] Only when excavating the lowest layered connecting road 2, the layered connecting road 2 located in the ore body needs to be excavated 0.8-1.2m more in height. Since the space 0.8-1.2m away from the top plate of the layered connecting road 2 is not filled when filling the lowest layered connecting road 2, when excavating the new layered connecting road 2, although the top plate height of the new layered connecting road 2 still needs to be 0.8-1.2m higher than the top plate of the mining approach 1, the rock blasting height of the new layered connecting road 2 is the same as the height required for excavation of the mining approach 1, which will not increase the workload, and the blasting free surface is increased, saving the number of drilling holes and the consumption of explosives.

[0069] After excavating the new layer connecting road 2, the mining approach 1 in the new layer is started. The process is the same as the procedure for excavating the mining approach 1 in the current layer.

[0070] In this way, no matter whether it is excavating a new layer connecting road 2 in a new layer or excavating a mining approach 1 in a new layer, the entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the entire excavation process is in fresh air flow. During construction, blastholes and dust can enter the ventilation shaft 3 through the empty area 7, and then enter the upper segmented return air tunnel 4, preventing dust and other hazards to workers and improving ventilation efficiency.

[0071] After tunneling the layered connecting tunnels 2 at different levels, the roof support can be selectively reinforced to ensure safety, depending on the actual situation. At the same time, a convergence monitoring system can be installed in the layered connecting tunnels 2 to detect tunnel displacement in real time and reinforce support in areas with significant deformation to improve safety.

[0072] The following example illustrates the mining process at a gently sloping metal mine. The stope utilizes an upward, horizontal, layered approach and backfill method. For each layer, a mining approach 1 is excavated from the upper wall 8 to the lower wall 9. The mining approach 1 is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The following steps are involved:

[0073] S1. Start from the outer-vein tunnel 5 and excavate the layered connecting road 2 perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. When the layered connecting road 2 is excavated to the footwall 9 of the ore body, the height of the layered connecting road 2 is increased so that the top plate height of the layered connecting road 2 is 1.0m higher than the top plate of the mining approach 1, until it is excavated to the upper wall 8 of the ore body.

[0074] S2. Excavate an inclined ventilation shaft 3 from bottom to top along the ore body's hanging wall 8, connecting the stratified connecting road 2 with the upper segmented return air roadway 4 located above the stratified connecting road 2. The angle of the ventilation shaft 3 is the same as that of the ore body's hanging wall. The width of the ventilation shaft 3 is 1.5 m.

[0075] S3. The first mining approach 1 is excavated adjacent to the upper wall 8 of the ore body. During the excavation process, fresh air flows through the outer vein tunnel 5, the layered connecting tunnel 2 and the mining approach 1 in sequence, and the polluted air in the mining approach 1 is discharged along the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0076] S4. After the excavation of the first mining access 1 is completed, a filling plate wall 6 is set in the layered connecting channel 2. The filling plate wall 6 is flush with the side wall of the mining access 1 away from the ventilation inclined shaft 3. The filling plate wall 6 is perpendicular to the direction of the layered connecting channel 2, and the left and right ends of the filling plate wall 6 are tightly fitted with the side walls of the layered connecting channel 2 to prevent leakage of slurry during the filling process.

[0077] Specifically, the height of the filling plate wall 6 is higher than the mining approach 1 and 0.5 m lower than the top plate of the layered connecting road 2, that is, the top plate of the filling plate wall 6 is 0.5 m away from the highest point of the arch.

[0078] Filling the mining approach 1. During the filling process, the mining approach 1 is first filled to the top, and at the same time, the interface space between the layered connecting channel 2 and the mining approach 1 is filled to the same level as the top plate of the mining approach 1. That is, the interface space between the layered connecting channel 2 and the mining approach 1 has not yet been filled to the top, thus forming a void area 7.

[0079] Each time filling is completed, the filling panel wall 6 needs to be disassembled for recycling.

[0080] S5. Excavate a second mining approach 1, which is adjacent to the first mining approach 1 and located away from the hanging wall 8. During excavation, fresh air flows sequentially through the outer-vein tunnel 5, the stratified connecting tunnel 2, and the mining approach 1. The polluted air in the mining approach 1 is discharged through the goaf 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3, and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0081] S6. Repeat steps S4 and S5 until the current layer is mined.

[0082] S7. After the current layer is mined, other layers shall be mined in sequence from bottom to top until the ore body is mined.

[0083] Specifically, when a new layered connecting road 2 is excavated in the upper layer adjacent to the layered connecting road 2, the roof height of the new layered connecting road 2 in the ore body is 1.0m higher than the roof of the mining approach 1. During the excavation of the new layered connecting road 2, fresh air flows through the extra-vein tunnel 5 and the new layered connecting road 2 in turn, and the polluted air is discharged along the goaf 7, the ventilation inclined shaft 3 and the upper segmented return air tunnel 4.

[0084] After excavating the new layer connecting road 2, the mining approach 1 in the new layer is started. The process is the same as the procedure for excavating the mining approach 1 in the current layer.

[0085] In summary, the present invention provides a method for mining by filling the horizontal layered approach in the mining field and its ventilation structure. By setting a ventilation inclined shaft, the airflow can enter from the extra-vein tunnel and the layered connecting road, and be discharged from the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air tunnel to form an airflow channel, avoiding the disadvantage that the polluted air and the fresh air share the same channel, thereby causing the fresh air to be polluted; the height setting of the filling plate wall and the control of the filling process can ensure that the mining approach is filled and connected to the top while ensuring that the interface space between the layered connecting road and the mining approach is not filled and connected to the top, thereby forming an empty area, and then in the process of this layered mining, the entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the entire excavation process is in fresh airflow; the setting of the empty area, whether it is excavating a new layered connecting road in a new layer or excavating a mining approach in a new layer, the entire excavation process forms a complete ventilation route, and the entire excavation process is in fresh airflow, preventing dust and the like from causing harm to the workers.

[0086] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining in a stope by filling horizontally in a horizontal layered approach, wherein a mining approach is excavated one by one from the upper wall to the lower wall of the ore body during each layer mining, and the mining approaches are arranged along the direction of the ore body; characterized by: The steps include: S1. When the layered contact road is excavated to the footwall, the height of the layered contact road is increased to 0.8-1.2m higher than the mining approach until the excavation reaches the hanging wall; S2. A ventilation inclined shaft is excavated along the upper wall so that the ventilation inclined shaft connects the layered contact road and the upper segmented return air roadway provided above the layered contact road; S3. Excavating the first mining approach adjacent to the hanging wall, during excavation, fresh air flows sequentially through the outer tunnel, the stratified connecting tunnel, and the mining approach, and polluted air in the mining approach is discharged through the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air roadway; S4. After excavation of the mining approach described in the first step is completed, a filling plate wall is installed in the layered connecting channel. The filling plate wall is flush with the side wall of the mining approach away from the ventilation inclined shaft. The height of the filling plate wall is higher than the mining approach and 0.4-0.6m lower than the layered connecting channel. The mining approach is filled to the top, and the interface between the layered connecting channel and the mining approach is not filled to the top, forming a void area. S5. Excavating the second mining approach, during which fresh air flows sequentially through the outer-vein tunnel, the stratified connecting tunnel, and the mining approach, and polluted air in the mining approach is discharged through the empty space, the inclined ventilation shaft, and the upper segmented return air tunnel; S6. Repeat steps S4 and S5 until the current layer is mined line by line to the footwall and the filling is completed.

2. The upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inclined ventilation shaft is excavated from bottom to top along the upper wall of the ore body; the angle of the inclined ventilation shaft is the same as that of the upper wall; the width of the inclined ventilation shaft is 1.3-1.8m.

3. The upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, during filling, the mining access road is filled to the top, and the interface space between the layered connecting road and the mining access road is filled to be flush with the top plate of the mining access road.

4. The upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A push-in fan is provided in the layered connecting channel; and an exhaust fan is provided in the upper segmented return air channel.

5. The upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S7. After the current layer is mined, when a new layer connecting road is excavated in the upper layer adjacent to the layer connecting road, the height of the new layer connecting road in the ore body is 0.8-1.2m higher than the mining approach. During the excavation process, fresh air flows through the off-vein tunnel and the new connecting road in turn, and the polluted air is discharged along the empty area, the ventilation inclined shaft and the upper segmented return air tunnel.

6. The upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layered connecting channel is provided with a convergence monitoring system and a supporting structure.

7. The upward horizontal layered approach filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation directions of the mining approach and the layered connecting road are perpendicular to each other.

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