Optical system and optical sensing module

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an optical system, an optical sensing unit and an optical sensing module. The optical system is used for forming a plurality of light spots on a plurality of photosensitive regions separated from each other, and comprises: a lens configured to receive a first light beam and converge the first light beam; a first light-transmitting layer located below the lens and configured to refract the converged first light beam into a plurality of second light beams, the plurality of second light beams being used for forming a plurality of light spots on the photosensitive regions, wherein each of the plurality of light spots covers a part of the plurality of photosensitive regions; and a second light-transmitting layer located below the first light-transmitting layer, the plurality of second light beams respectively passing through the second light-transmitting layer and entering the plurality of photosensitive regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of optical sensing, and particularly to an optical system, an optical sensing unit, and an optical sensing module. Background Art

[0002] FIG. 1A A schematic diagram of an optical sensing array in the prior art is shown in FIG. FIG. 1A As shown, the optical sensing array 1000 includes a plurality of optical sensing units 1100 , each of which may be a macro pixel.

[0003] FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C Shown respectively FIG. 1A Schematic top view and side cross-sectional view of the optical sensing unit 1100. FIG. 1B In the embodiment, an optical sensing unit 1100 includes a plurality of photosensitive areas 1101 and a non-photosensitive area 1102 surrounding the photosensitive area 1101. The photosensitive area 1101 is used to sense incident light, and the non-photosensitive area 1102 can be used to set up circuits and / or be reserved as a clear area. FIG. 1B It can be seen that the photosensitive area 1101 in one optical sensing unit 1100 occupies a relatively low area ratio of the optical sensing unit 1100. FIG. 1C As shown, the optical sensing unit 1100 further includes an oxide layer 1103, which covers the photosensitive region 1101 and the non-photosensitive region 1102 and transmits light. For example, if light is incident vertically on the optical sensing unit 1100, most of the incident light falls outside the photosensitive region 1101, resulting in very low light sensing efficiency of the optical sensing unit 1100. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical system and an optical sensing module. The optical system can form multiple light spots corresponding to multiple photosensitive areas separated from each other, thereby increasing the intensity of light incident on the photosensitive areas to improve the sensing efficiency of light.

[0005] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical system for forming multiple light spots on multiple photosensitive areas separated from each other, including: a lens for receiving a first light beam and converging the first light beam; a first light-transmitting layer located under the lens, for refracting the converged first light beam into multiple second light beams, and the multiple second light beams are used to form multiple light spots on the photosensitive area, wherein each of the multiple light spots covers a part of the multiple photosensitive areas; and a second light-transmitting layer located under the first light-transmitting layer, and the multiple second light beams are respectively emitted into the multiple photosensitive areas through the second light-transmitting layer.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first light-transmitting layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer; wherein the upper surface of the second dielectric layer has at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure, and each of the at least one convex structure or the at least one concave structure refracts light incident on its light incident surface, so that the converged first light beam is refracted into the multiple second light beams; or the lower surface of the second dielectric layer has at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure, and each of the at least one convex structure or the at least one concave structure refracts light emitted from its light exit surface, so that the converged first light beam is refracted into the multiple second light beams.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure is a polygonal pyramid, and the number of side faces of each polygonal pyramid is equal to the number of the multiple photosensitive regions.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure is a polygonal prism, and the number of side surfaces of each polygonal prism is related to the number of the multiple photosensitive regions.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second dielectric layer has a plurality of protruding structures or a plurality of concave structures, wherein the plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of concave structures are arranged in an N*M array, N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is equal to or not equal to M.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second dielectric layer has a plurality of protruding structures or a plurality of concave structures, wherein each of the plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of concave structures is an axially symmetrical polygonal prism, and the plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of concave structures are arranged in parallel to form a linear array; and the number of prism faces for light refraction of each of the polygonal prisms is related to the number of the plurality of photosensitive areas.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the second dielectric layer includes at least one protruding structure, the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the first dielectric layer and the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the second light-transmitting layer; or, the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is greater than the refractive index of the first dielectric layer and the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is smaller than the refractive index of the second light-transmitting layer.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the second dielectric layer includes at least one recessed structure, the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is greater than that of the first dielectric layer and the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is greater than that of the second light-transmitting layer.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the greater the difference between the refractive index of the second medium layer and the refractive index of the first medium layer, the farther the distance between the light spots of the multiple second light beams is; and / or the greater the difference between the refractive index of the second medium layer and the refractive index of the second light-transmitting layer, the farther the distance between the light spots of the multiple second light beams is.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first dielectric layer is located between the lens and the second dielectric layer, or the second dielectric layer is sandwiched between the first dielectric layer.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a side surface of each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure includes a stepped multi-step phase structure.

[0016] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an optical sensing module, which includes a plurality of optical sensing units arranged in an array, each optical sensing unit including the optical system described above and a plurality of photosensitive areas.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each optical sensing unit is independent of each other, and each optical sensing unit includes a lens independent of each other.

[0018] According to the optical system and optical sensing module of the disclosed embodiments, a second dielectric layer is used to alter the propagation direction of a first light beam converged by a lens, thereby separating the first light beam into multiple second light beams. This allows for the formation of multiple light spots on multiple separate photosensitive areas, thereby improving photosensitive efficiency. Furthermore, by varying the refractive index of the second dielectric layer, the position of the second dielectric layer can be flexibly arranged, making the structure of the optical system and optical sensing module more adaptable to product requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than limiting the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an optical sensing array in the prior art;

[0021] FIG. 1B and FIG. 1C Schematic diagrams of top view and side cross-section of an optical sensing unit in the prior art;

[0022] FIG. 2A shows a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 2B shows a schematic top view of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 3A shows a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of another optical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 3B The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3A A schematic top view of the light spot position of the optical system shown;

[0026] FIG. 3C The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3A A schematic side cross-sectional view of an example implementation of the optical system shown;

[0027] FIG. 3D The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3A A schematic side cross-sectional view of another example implementation of the optical system is shown;

[0028] FIG. 3E The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3C Schematic diagram of deviation distance in the optical system shown;

[0029] FIG. 4A A perspective schematic diagram of an example of a second dielectric layer having a recessed structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0030] FIG. 4B A perspective schematic diagram of an example second dielectric layer having a protruding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0031] FIG. 4C The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B A schematic top view of the second dielectric layer and the position of the light spot formed;

[0032] FIG. 4D The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 4A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0033] FIG. 4E The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 4B A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0034] FIG. 5A A perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer having another example of a recessed structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] FIG. 5B A perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer having another example of a protruding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] FIG. 5C The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B A schematic top view of the position of the light spot formed by the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0037] FIG. 6A A perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer having a plurality of recessed structures according to another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0038] FIG. 6B A perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer having a plurality of protruding structures according to another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0039] FIG. 6C The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B A schematic top view of the second dielectric layer and the position of the light spot formed;

[0040] FIG. 6D The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 6A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0041] FIG. 6E The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 6B A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0042] FIG. 7A A perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer having a plurality of recessed structures according to another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0043] FIG. 7B A perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer having a plurality of protruding structures according to another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0044] FIG. 7C The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B A schematic top view of the second dielectric layer and the position of the light spot formed;

[0045] FIG. 7D The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 7A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0046] FIG. 7E The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 7B A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0047] FIG. 8A shows a perspective schematic diagram and a top schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer according to yet another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 8B shows a perspective schematic diagram and a top schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer according to yet another example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 8C The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B A schematic top view of the photosensitive area of ​​the second dielectric layer shown;

[0050] FIG. 8D The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 8A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0051] FIG. 8E The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 8B A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system of the second dielectric layer shown;

[0052] FIG. 8F The embodiment of the present disclosure is shown FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B A schematic top view of the two-dimensional array of photosensitive areas of the second dielectric layer is shown;

[0053] FIG. 9A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the light spot formation of an optical system in which a recessed structure is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 9B A side cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the light spot formation of an optical system in which a protruding structure is arranged on the lower surface of a second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 10 Schematic diagram of an alternative implementation of a triangular prism structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "an" or "the" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the components or objects appearing before the word include the components or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other components or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0058] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical system, an optical sensing unit, and an optical sensing module. The optical system can form multiple light spots corresponding to multiple photosensitive areas separated from each other, thereby increasing the intensity of light incident in the photosensitive areas to improve the sensing efficiency of light.

[0059] FIG. 2A 1 shows a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of an optical system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 2B FIG2 shows a schematic top view of an optical system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical system 100 may be an optical system for a single optical sensing unit in an optical sensing array.

[0060] like FIG. 2A As shown, the optical system 100 includes a lens 110. A plurality of photosensitive areas 141 are provided on a photosensitive surface below the optical system 100, wherein the plurality of photosensitive areas 141 are surrounded by a non-photosensitive area 142. The lens 110 receives an incident first light beam and converges the first light beam. In all the drawings of the present disclosure, for ease of understanding, the incident first light beam is shown as perpendicular to the photosensitive area or as vertical forward light, but it should be understood that the incident first light beam in actual applications can be incident in various directions.

[0061] like FIG. 2A As shown, there is a transparent medium (such as an oxide layer) between the lens 110 and the photosensitive area 141, so the first light beam undergoes a first refraction at the light incident surface of the lens 110 and a second refraction at the light exit surface of the lens 110, thereby converging the first light beam, as shown in FIG. FIG. 2A Finally, a light spot is formed in the central area of ​​the photosensitive surface opposite to the central area of ​​the lens 110 (as shown in FIG. FIG. 2B(As shown in the figure, the light spot 150 is a spherical lens). For example, lens 110 can be a giant micro lens (GML). The size of light spot 150 is much smaller than the entire area that can be illuminated by vertically incident light. Therefore, the provision of lens 110 can effectively reduce the area of ​​the light spot on the photosensitive surface.

[0062] like FIG. 2B As shown in the top view of FIG, the area of ​​the lens 110 is substantially the same as that of the optical system 100, and the light spot 150 formed after the first light beam converges coincides with the central area of ​​the optical system 100. FIG. 2B As shown, the light spot 150 can only cover a portion of the four photosensitive areas 141, but each photosensitive area 141 has a portion that is not covered by the light spot 150, that is, it cannot receive incident light. FIG. 2B As shown, a large portion of the center of the light spot 150 also does not fall into the photosensitive area 141 .

[0063] In order to further improve the correspondence between the multiple light spots and the multiple photosensitive areas, and thereby improve the efficiency of sensing light, the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a further improved optical system.

[0064] FIG. 3A shows a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of another optical system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 3B The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3A Schematic top view of the light spot position of the optical system shown.

[0065] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 3A As shown, the optical system 200 includes a lens 210, a first light-transmitting layer 220, and a second light-transmitting layer 230. The first light-transmitting layer 220 is disposed between the lens 210 and the second light-transmitting layer 230. FIG. 3A As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 220 is disposed on and adheres to the second light-transmitting layer 230, and the lens 210 is disposed on and adheres to the first light-transmitting layer 220. One side of the lens 210 is a flat surface, and the other side is a convex curved surface (i.e., a convex surface).

[0066] It should be understood that FIG. 3A Only the first light-transmitting layer 220 and the second light-transmitting layer 230 are schematically shown. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first light-transmitting layer 220 can have a variety of different internal structures, as described below in the present disclosure. FIG. 3C-10 In addition, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first light-transmitting layer 220 and the second light-transmitting layer 230 can be dielectric materials such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN), resin polymer or photoresist.

[0067] In addition, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of photosensitive areas 240 separated from each other are arranged on the photosensitive surface below the optical system 200, and the plurality of photosensitive areas 240 are surrounded by non-photosensitive areas 241. FIG. 3B As shown, four photosensitive areas 240 are shown, and each photosensitive area 240 is numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical system 200 is used to form multiple light spots on multiple separated photosensitive areas 240. The photosensitive areas 240 can be formed by photosensitive devices, such as photodiodes or single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The photosensitive areas 240 can be the areas covered by the photodiodes or SPADs, or can be the light-receiving areas (active areas) of the photodiodes or SPADs.

[0069] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 3A As shown by the black solid line with arrows in FIG, the first light-transmitting layer 220 is used to refract the converged first light beam into multiple second light beams, and the multiple second light beams are used to form multiple light spots on the multiple photosensitive areas 240, wherein each of the multiple light spots covers a portion of the multiple photosensitive areas. It should be understood that the multiple second light beams can be completely separated light beams, or can be light beams with partially overlapping areas. Therefore, in order to highlight the contrast of the light spot shapes, FIG. 3A The gray dashed line shows FIG. 2A The light spot formation of the optical system shown in FIG FIG. 2A The same as the black dashed line in FIG. 3A The black solid lines with arrows in the figure are all irradiated to each photosensitive area 240, so that when the amount of light incident on the lens 210 is the same, more light is irradiated to the photosensitive area 240, while the light irradiated to the non-photosensitive area 241 is reduced as much as possible.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second light-transmitting layer 230 is located below the first light-transmitting layer 220 , and the multiple second light beams are respectively irradiated onto the multiple photosensitive areas 240 through the second light-transmitting layer 230 to form multiple light spots on the multiple photosensitive areas 240 .

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of second light beams, the number of photosensitive areas, and the number of light spots may be equal, for example, 2, 3, 4, 6, etc. Alternatively, the number of second light beams and the number of light spots are equal, but less than the number of photosensitive areas, for example, the number of second light beams is 2 and the number of photosensitive areas is 4.

[0072] exist FIG. 3BFIG. 2 shows an exemplary positional relationship between four photosensitive regions 240 and four light spots 250 formed by the optical system 200. FIG. 3B As shown, after the incident first light beam passes through the optical system 200, four second light beams separated from each other can be formed. The four second light beams separated from each other are respectively irradiated onto four photosensitive areas 240 and form four light spots 250, wherein each light spot 250 covers one photosensitive area 240, and the amount of light irradiated onto the non-photosensitive area 241 is very small. Therefore, the optical system 200 according to the disclosed embodiment can improve the light sensing efficiency.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first light-transmitting layer may include a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer, the first dielectric layer being bonded to the second dielectric layer, and the first dielectric layer being located between the lens and the second dielectric layer; the upper surface of the second dielectric layer has at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure, each of the at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure refracts light incident on its light incident surface, so that the converged first light beam is refracted (i.e., dispersed) into multiple second light beams. Alternatively, the lower surface of the second dielectric layer may also have at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure, each of the at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure refracts light emitted from its light exit surface, so that the converged first light beam is refracted (i.e., dispersed) into multiple second light beams. Through the convex structure or the concave structure, the first light beam can more accurately present light spots on multiple photosensitive areas.

[0074] FIG. 3C The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3A A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of an exemplary implementation of an optical system is shown, FIG. 3D The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3A A schematic side cross-sectional view of another example implementation of an optical system is shown.

[0075] like FIG. 3C In the embodiment, the optical system 300 includes a lens 310, a first light-transmitting layer 320, and a second light-transmitting layer 330. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 340 separated from each other are arranged on a light-sensitive surface below the optical system 300, and the light-sensitive regions 340 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 341.

[0076] like FIG. 3C As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 320 includes a first dielectric layer 321 and a second dielectric layer 322, and the first dielectric layer 321 is bonded to the second dielectric layer 322. The upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322 has a concave structure, which can be a centrally symmetrical structure. The concave structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322 can refract the incident first light beam into multiple second light beams. For example, FIG. 3CAs shown, the first dielectric layer 321 can have the same refractive index as the lens 310. In this case, after the first light beam is refracted and converged at the light-entering surface of the lens 310, it is transmitted to the interface between the first dielectric layer 321 and the second dielectric layer 322, where it is refracted again, resulting in multiple second light beams. The multiple second light beams are then refracted once more at the interface between the second dielectric layer 322 and the second light-transmitting layer 330, and then illuminate multiple separated photosensitive areas 340, forming multiple light spots.

[0077] like FIG. 3C As shown, each of the multiple light spots cannot cover all the photosensitive areas individually, and can only cover a portion of the photosensitive areas in the multiple photosensitive areas 340, for example, at least one photosensitive area. For example, the multiple photosensitive areas 340 include 4 photosensitive areas, for example FIG. 3B For example, the optical system 300 may form four light spots, each of which illuminates a different photosensitive area. Alternatively, the multiple light spots may include two strip-shaped light spots, each of which illuminates two different photosensitive areas. For example, one strip-shaped light spot illuminates the photosensitive areas numbered 1 and 3, and the other strip-shaped light spot illuminates the photosensitive areas numbered 2 and 4. Alternatively, the number of the multiple photosensitive areas may include 2, 4, 8, etc.

[0078] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, when the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322 has a concave structure, the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322 is H is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321 and the refractive index n2 of the second dielectric layer 322 H The refractive index of the first dielectric layer 321 is equal to or approximately equal to or greater than the refractive index of the lens 310 .

[0079] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322 is H The greater the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321 and the refractive index n2 of the first dielectric layer 321, the closer the center of the light spot formed by the converged first light beam (e.g. FIG. 3C A in FIG) and the center of the spot formed by the single second beam (as shown in FIG). FIG. 3C Similarly, the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322 is H The greater the difference between the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330, the greater the deviation distance between the center of the light spot formed by the converged first light beam (point A) and the center of the light spot formed by the single second light beam (point B).

[0080] like FIG. 3D As shown, the optical system 300' comprises a lens 310', a first light-transmitting layer 320' and a second light-transmitting layer 330'. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 340' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface of the optical system 300', and the light-sensitive regions 340' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 341'.

[0081] like FIG. 3D As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 320' includes a first dielectric layer 321' and a second dielectric layer 322', and the first dielectric layer 321' and the second dielectric layer 322' are bonded together. The upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322' has a convex structure. For example, the convex structure is FIG. 3C The structure after the concave structure is inverted can be a centrally symmetrical structure. The convex structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322' can refract the incident first light beam into multiple second light beams. For example, FIG. 3D As shown, the first dielectric layer 321' can have the same refractive index as the lens 310'. In this case, after being refracted and converged at the light-entering surface of the lens 310', the first light beam is transmitted to the interface between the first dielectric layer 321' and the second dielectric layer 322', where it is refracted again, forming multiple second light beams. The multiple second light beams are then refracted again at the interface between the second dielectric layer 322' and the second light-transmitting layer 330', before irradiating multiple, separated photosensitive areas 340' and forming multiple light spots.

[0082] like FIG. 3D As shown, each of the multiple light spots cannot cover all the photosensitive areas individually, and can only cover a portion of the photosensitive areas in the multiple photosensitive areas 340', for example, at least one photosensitive area. For example, the multiple photosensitive areas 340' include 4 photosensitive areas, for example FIG. 3B For example, the optical system 300' may form four light spots, each of which illuminates a different photosensitive area; or the multiple light spots include two strip-shaped light spots, each of which illuminates two different photosensitive areas, for example, one strip-shaped light spot illuminates the photosensitive areas numbered 1 and 3, and the other strip-shaped light spot illuminates the photosensitive areas numbered 2 and 4. Alternatively, the number of the multiple photosensitive areas may include 2, 4, 8, etc.

[0083] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, when the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322' has a convex structure, the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322' is L is smaller than the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321' and the refractive index n2 of the second dielectric layer 322' Lis less than the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330'. For example, the value of n2 is 1.5. Preferably, the refractive index of the first dielectric layer 321' is equal to or approximately equal to or less than the refractive index of the lens 310'. Alternatively, the refractive index n2 of the second dielectric layer 322' is L is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321' and the refractive index n2 of the second dielectric layer 322' L is smaller than the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330 ′.

[0084] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322' is L The greater the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321' is, the closer the center of the light spot formed by the converged first light beam will be (e.g. FIG. 3D and the center of the spot formed by the single second beam (as shown by point A' in FIG. FIG. 3D Similarly, the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322' is L The greater the difference between the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330', the greater the deviation distance between the center of the light spot formed by the converged first light beam (point A') and the center of the light spot formed by the single second light beam (point B').

[0085] FIG. 3E The embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown FIG. 3C Schematic diagram of the deviation distance in the optical system 300 in FIG. FIG. 3E Only one incident light ray is shown as an illustration, and the light ray passes through the first dielectric layer 321 , the second dielectric layer 322 and the second light-transmitting layer 330 in sequence, and finally reaches the photosensitive area 340 .

[0086] Specifically, if FIG. 3E As shown, assuming that the second dielectric layer 322 and the second light-transmitting layer 330 have the same refractive index as the first dielectric layer 321, the propagation direction of the light ray a incident on the light incident surface of the second dielectric layer 322 does not change, and it continues to propagate along the direction indicated by the dotted light ray a' and eventually reaches point D on the photosensitive surface.

[0087] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, a concave structure is formed on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322, and the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322 is H is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321 and greater than the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330, then light a is refracted into light b at the incident surface of the second dielectric layer 322, and then light b is refracted into light c at the incident surface of the second light-transmitting layer 330, and finally reaches point C on the photosensitive surface.

[0088] like FIG. 3EAs shown, d2 is the second dielectric layer 322 close to the outside of the optical system 300 (ie FIG. 3C The thickness of the leftmost side of the optical system 300 is d1, and the thickness of the second dielectric layer 322 near the center of the optical system 300 is d2. FIG. 3C The thickness of the film is the middle position in the figure, and d3 is the deviation distance between points C and D.

[0089] For FIG. 3C In the embodiment shown, when the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321 and the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330 are fixed, the refractive index n1 of the second dielectric layer 322 is H The larger the refractive index n of the second dielectric layer 322 is, the H The greater the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321, or the refractive index n2 of the second dielectric layer 322, the greater the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321, or the refractive index n H The greater the difference between the refractive index n2 of the second light-transmitting layer 330, the greater the deviation distance d3 between point C and point D. Specifically, the refractive index n2 of the second medium layer 322 is H The greater the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first dielectric layer 321, the greater the angle between the light ray b and the light ray a', and thus the greater the deviation distance d3. FIG. 3E From the diagram, it is easy to understand that light at different positions and different incident angles will be refracted to different positions and have different deviation distances, so that all the light in the beam will eventually form multiple light spots.

[0090] In addition, if FIG. 3E As shown, when the side slope of the recessed structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322 increases, that is, when the difference between d2 and d1 increases, the distance d3 between points C and D will also increase. In other words, the greater the degree of concavity of the recessed structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322, the greater the deviation distance d3 between points C and D.

[0091] It should be understood that based on FIG. 3E shown FIG. 3C The schematic diagram of the deviation distance in the optical system 300 in FIG. 3 can be easily understood by those skilled in the art. FIG. 3D The optical system 300' in FIG. 3 can also similarly determine the deviation distance between the center point of the optical system 300' and the center point of each second light beam.

[0092] It should be understood that, as an example, FIG. 3C and FIG. 3DThe concave structure or convex structure of the second dielectric layer 322, 322' is shown on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322, 322', but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the concave structure or convex structure can also be set on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer, and the same effect can be achieved. FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B An embodiment in which a concave structure or a convex structure is provided on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer will be described.

[0093] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the second dielectric layer may be a polygonal pyramid, and the number of side faces of each polygonal pyramid is equal to the number of the multiple photosensitive areas.

[0094] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure arranged on the upper surface or the lower surface of the second dielectric layer may be a polygonal prism, and the number of prism faces for light refraction of each of the polygonal prisms is related to the number of the multiple photosensitive areas.

[0095] Below, we will refer to FIG. 4A-4E as well as FIG. 5A-5C The case of providing a concave structure or a convex structure on the second dielectric layer is described.

[0096] FIG. 4A FIG. 4 shows a perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer 422 having a recessed structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4A As shown, the concave structure is a concave quadrangular pyramid structure, which can be a centrally symmetrical structure. The concave quadrangular pyramid structure is used to generate four light spots. FIG. 4A In the figure, the four sides of the concave quadrangular pyramid structure are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.

[0097] FIG. 4B FIG. 4 shows a perspective schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer 422′ having a protruding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4B As shown, the raised structure is a raised quadrangular pyramid structure, which can be FIG. 4A The inverted structure of the concave structure shown can also be a centrally symmetrical structure, and the convex quadrangular pyramid structure is used to generate four light spots. FIG. 4B In the figure, the four sides of the raised quadrangular pyramid structure are numbered 1', 2', 3', and 4', respectively.

[0098] exist FIG. 4D and FIG. 4E The following are shown: FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B The optical system 400, 400' of the second dielectric layer of the concave structure and the convex structure shown.FIG. 4D and FIG. 4E As shown, corresponding to the optical systems 400 and 400 ′, photosensitive areas 440 and 440 ′ are provided, respectively.

[0099] exist FIG. 4C The corresponding relationship between each side surface 1 (1'), 2 (2'), 3 (3'), 4 (4') of the quadrangular pyramid structure and each photosensitive area 440 (440') is shown in FIG. FIG. 4C The left figure shows FIG. 4A The recessed structure shown and FIG. 4B The top view of the raised structure shown. FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B Similar, in FIG. 4C In the left figure, the four sides of the concave (convex) quadrangular pyramid structure are numbered as 1 (1'), 2 (2'), 3 (3'), and 4 (4'). FIG. 4C The right figure shows a lens 410 (410') and four photosensitive areas 440 (440'), which are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and correspond to FIG. 4C The four sides 1 (1'), 2 (2'), 3 (3'), 4 (4') of the concave (convex) structure of the second dielectric layer 422 (422') in the left figure. In addition, FIG. 4C The right figure also shows FIG. 4A The concave structure and FIG. 4B The four light spots 450 (450') are formed by the protruding structure, and each light spot 450 (450') covers a corresponding photosensitive area 440 (440').

[0100] Specifically, in FIG. 4D Shown along FIG. 4C The side cross-sectional diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system 400 along the lines aa' and bb' in the left figure. FIG. 4E The following are shown in FIG. 4C 1 is a side cross-sectional view of the light spot formation of the optical system 400' along the lines aa' and bb' in the left figure. The optical systems 400 and 400' may be optical systems for a single optical sensing unit.

[0101] like FIG. 4D As shown, the optical system 400 includes a lens 410, a first light-transmitting layer 420, and a second light-transmitting layer 430. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 440 separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 400, and the light-sensitive regions 440 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 441. FIG. 4DAs shown, the first light-transmitting layer 420 includes a first dielectric layer 421 and a second dielectric layer 422, and the first dielectric layer 421 and the second dielectric layer 422 are bonded together. FIG. 4A The second dielectric layer 422 shown in FIG. 4 has a concave quadrangular pyramid structure on its upper surface. FIG. 4D As shown in the left figure, light spots are formed on the photosensitive areas 440 numbered 4 and 2 respectively through the side 4 and side 2 of the concave quadrangular pyramid structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 422. FIG. 4D As shown in the right figure, light spots are formed on the photosensitive areas 440 numbered 1 and 3 respectively through the side surfaces 1 and 3 of the concave quadrangular pyramid structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 422.

[0102] like FIG. 4E As shown, the optical system 400' includes a lens 410', a first light-transmitting layer 420' and a second light-transmitting layer 430'. A plurality of light-sensitive areas 440' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 400', and the light-sensitive areas 440' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive areas 441'. FIG. 4E As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 420' includes a first dielectric layer 421' and a second dielectric layer 422', and the first dielectric layer 421' and the second dielectric layer 422' are bonded together. The second dielectric layer 422' is as shown in FIG. FIG. 4B The second dielectric layer 422' shown in FIG. 4 has a raised quadrangular pyramid structure on its upper surface. FIG. 4E As shown in the left figure, light spots are formed on the photosensitive areas 440' numbered 4' and 2' respectively through the side 4' and side 2' of the raised quadrangular pyramid structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 422'. FIG. 4E As shown in the right figure, light spots are formed on the photosensitive areas 440' numbered 1' and 3' respectively through the side surfaces 1' and 3' of the raised quadrangular pyramid structure on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 422'.

[0103] It should be understood that despite the FIG. 4A and FIG. 4D The light spot formation of the single concave structure is shown as a quadrangular pyramid structure, and the light spot formation of the single concave structure is shown as shown as FIG. 4B and FIG. 4E The light spot formation situation when the single convex structure is a quadrangular pyramid structure is shown, but it should be understood that the single concave structure or convex structure according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be a centrally symmetrical polygonal pyramid structure, and the number of sides of the polygonal pyramid can be greater than or equal to 3, and can be equal to the number of photosensitive areas.

[0104] FIG. 5A FIG. 5 shows a perspective schematic diagram of another example of a second dielectric layer 522 having a recessed structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5AAs shown, the concave structure is a concave triangular prism structure, which is an axisymmetric structure and has two prism faces (hereinafter referred to as side faces) 11 and 12 for light refraction. The concave triangular prism structure is used to generate two strip-shaped light spots 550.

[0105] It should be understood that FIG. 5A The side cross-sectional view of the optical system 500 (not shown) of the second dielectric layer 522 is shown. FIG. 3C The side cross-sectional view of the optical system 300 shown is the same and is not shown here again. Therefore, the optical system 500 may include a lens 510, a first light-transmitting layer 520 (not shown) and a second light-transmitting layer 530 (not shown). A plurality of light-sensitive regions 540 separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 500, and the light-sensitive regions 540 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 541 (not shown). Moreover, the first light-transmitting layer 520 (not shown) includes a first dielectric layer 521 (not shown) and a second dielectric layer 522, wherein the second dielectric layer 522 is as shown in FIG. FIG. 5A The second dielectric layer 522 is shown. The optical system 500 may be an optical system for a single optical sensing unit.

[0106] FIG. 5B FIG. 5 shows a perspective schematic diagram of another example of a second dielectric layer 522′ having a protruding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5B As shown, the raised structure is a raised triangular prism structure, which is an axisymmetric structure and has two prism faces (hereinafter referred to as side faces) 11' and 12' for light refraction. The raised triangular prism structure is used to generate two strip-shaped light spots 550'.

[0107] It should be understood that FIG. 5B The side cross-sectional view of the optical system 500' (not shown) of the second dielectric layer 522' is shown. FIG. 3D The side cross-sectional view of the optical system 300' shown is the same and is not shown here again. Therefore, the optical system 500' may include a lens 510', a first light-transmitting layer 520' (not shown) and a second light-transmitting layer 530' (not shown). A plurality of light-sensitive areas 540' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 500', and the light-sensitive areas 540' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive areas 541' (not shown). Moreover, the first light-transmitting layer 520' (not shown) includes a first dielectric layer 521' (not shown) and a second dielectric layer 522', and the second dielectric layer 522' is as shown. FIG. 5B The second dielectric layer 522' is shown. The optical system 500' may be an optical system for a single optical sensing unit.

[0108] exist FIG. 5C A lens 510 (510') and four photosensitive areas 540 (540') are shown.FIG. 5C In the example, the four light-sensitive areas are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, and the two strip-shaped light spots 550 (550') are numbered 11 (11') and 12 (12'). FIG. 5A The two side surfaces 11 and 12 of the concave triangular prism structure of the second dielectric layer 522 are shown, and the two strip-shaped light spots 550' numbered 11' and 12' are respectively generated by FIG. 5B The two sides 11' and 12' of the raised triangular prism structure of the second dielectric layer 522' are generated. FIG. 5C As can be seen in FIG, the light spot 11 ( 11 ′) covers two photosensitive areas 540 ( 540 ′) numbered 1 and 3 , and the light spot 12 ( 12 ′) covers two photosensitive areas 540 ( 540 ′) numbered 2 and 4 .

[0109] It should be understood that despite the FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B The light spot formation situation of the single concave structure and the single convex structure as a triangular prism structure is shown. However, it should be understood that the single concave structure or convex structure according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be an axisymmetric polygonal prism structure, and the number of side surfaces of the polygonal prism (i.e., the prism surface for light refraction) can be greater than or equal to 2 and can be related to the number of photosensitive areas. For example, when the light spot formed by each side covers P photosensitive areas, then when the number of photosensitive areas is Q, the number of sides of the polygonal prism for light refraction is Q / P.

[0110] In addition, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it can be understood that by adjusting the refractive index of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the second light-transmitting layer, and / or by adjusting the size of the recessed structure, which may include the angle of inclination of the side surfaces in the recessed structure and the thickness of the edge of the recessed structure, the center distance and corresponding size of the multiple light spots formed can be adjusted to adapt to different photosensitive areas, thereby improving the flexibility of the optical system.

[0111] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to FIG. 4A 、 FIG. 4B 、 FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B In addition to the single concave structure and the single convex structure shown in FIG, a plurality of concave structures or convex structures may be formed on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer. FIG. 4A The recessed structure shown and FIG. 4B The convex structure shown in FIG. 1 may be arranged as an N*M array, where N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is equal to or not equal to M. FIG. 6A and 6B Expand the description.FIG. 5A The recessed structure shown and FIG. 5B The convex structure shown in FIG. 1 can be arranged in parallel to form a linear array. FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B Expand description.

[0112] FIG. 6A FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another example of a second dielectric layer 622 having a recessed structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes an array consisting of a plurality of recessed structures. FIG. 6A The second dielectric layer 622 shown includes four concave quadrangular pyramid structures and is used to generate four light spots. FIG. 6A In the figure, the four sides of each concave quadrangular pyramid structure are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.

[0113] FIG. 6B FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another example of a second dielectric layer 622′ having a protruding structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes an array consisting of a plurality of protruding structures. FIG. 6B The second dielectric layer 622' shown includes four raised quadrangular pyramid structures and is used to generate four light spots. FIG. 6B In the figure, the four sides of each raised quadrangular pyramid structure are numbered 1', 2', 3', and 4' respectively.

[0114] exist FIG. 6D and FIG. 6E The following are shown: FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B The optical systems 600 and 600' of the second dielectric layers 622 and 622' are shown. FIG. 6D and FIG. 6E As shown, corresponding to the optical systems 600 and 600 ′, photosensitive areas 640 and 640 ′ are provided respectively.

[0115] exist FIG. 6C The corresponding relationship between each side surface 1 (1'), 2 (2'), 3 (3'), 4 (4') of the quadrangular pyramid structure and each photosensitive area 640 (640') is shown in FIG. FIG. 6C The left figure shows the FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B The top view of the four tetrahedral structures shown in FIG. FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B Similar, in FIG. 6C In the left figure, the four sides of the concave (convex) quadrangular pyramid structure are numbered as 1 (1'), 2 (2'), 3 (3'), and 4 (4'). FIG. 6CThe right figure shows a lens 610 (610') and a photosensitive area 640 (640'), and the four photosensitive areas 640 (640') are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. FIG. 6C The right figure also shows FIG. 6A The four concave structures and FIG. 6B The four protruding structures form four light spots 650 (650'), and each light spot 650 (650') covers a corresponding photosensitive area 640 (640').

[0116] Specifically, in FIG. 6D Shown along FIG. 6C The side cross-sectional diagram of the light spot formation of the optical system 600 along the lines aa' and bb' in the left figure is shown. FIG. 6E The following are shown in FIG. 6C The optical systems 600 and 600' may be optical systems for a single optical sensing unit.

[0117] like FIG. 6D As shown, the optical system 600 includes a lens 610, a first light-transmitting layer 620, and a second light-transmitting layer 630. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 640 separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 600, and the light-sensitive regions 640 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 641. FIG. 6D As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 620 includes a first dielectric layer 621 and a second dielectric layer 622, and the first dielectric layer 621 and the second dielectric layer 622 are bonded together. FIG. 6A The second dielectric layer 622 is shown. FIG. 6D As shown in the left figure, a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640 numbered 4 through the four side surfaces 4 of the four recessed structures on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 622, and a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640 numbered 2 through the four side surfaces 2 of the four recessed structures. FIG. 6D As shown in the right figure, a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640 numbered 1 through the four side surfaces 1 of the four recessed structures on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 622, and a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640 numbered 3 through the four side surfaces 3 of the four recessed structures.

[0118] like FIG. 6E As shown, the optical system 600' includes a lens 610', a first light-transmitting layer 620' and a second light-transmitting layer 630'. A plurality of light-sensitive areas 640' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 600', and the light-sensitive areas 640' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive areas 641'. FIG. 6EAs shown, the first light-transmitting layer 620' includes a first dielectric layer 621' and a second dielectric layer 622', and the first dielectric layer 621' and the second dielectric layer 622' are bonded together. The second dielectric layer 622' is as shown in FIG. FIG. 6B The second dielectric layer 622' is shown. FIG. 6E As shown in the left figure, a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640' numbered 4 by the four side surfaces 4' of the four protruding structures on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 622', and a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640' numbered 2 by the four side surfaces 2' of the four protruding structures. FIG. 6E As shown in the right figure, a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640' numbered 1 through the four side surfaces 1' of the four protruding structures on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 622', and a light spot is formed on the photosensitive area 640' numbered 3 through the four side surfaces 3' of the four protruding structures.

[0119] In addition, despite FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B , an array of recessed structures and an array of protruding structures are shown arranged as 2*2. However, it should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. An array of recessed structures and an array of protruding structures of N*M can be arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 322 (322'), where N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is equal to or not equal to M. For example, N and M are both equal to 3, and the array of recessed structures and the array of protruding structures can be a 3*3 array or a 4*6 array. In this case, the number of side faces of the polygonal pyramid of each recessed structure / protruding structure can be equal to the number of photosensitive areas. It should be understood that the polygonal pyramid shape of each recessed structure can be different depending on the position of the light spot and the position of the recessed structure.

[0120] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second dielectric layer may have a plurality of raised structures or a plurality of recessed structures, which may be arranged in parallel to form a linear array. Each of the plurality of raised structures or recessed structures is an axisymmetric polygonal prism, and the number of prism faces for light refraction in each polygonal prism is related to the number of the plurality of photosensitive regions.

[0121] Below, we will refer to FIG. 7A-7E 8A-8E describe embodiments in which a plurality of protruding structures or a plurality of recessed structures are arranged in a linear array.

[0122] FIG. 7A : A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer 722 having multiple recessed structures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, which includes two recessed triangular prisms arranged side by side, and the two prism faces (hereinafter referred to as side faces) of each recessed triangular prism for light refraction are numbered 11 and 12 respectively.

[0123] FIG. 7B: shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a second dielectric layer 722' having multiple protruding structures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes two protruding triangular prisms arranged side by side, and the two prism faces (hereinafter referred to as side faces) of each protruding triangular prism for light refraction are numbered 11' and 12' respectively.

[0124] It should be understood that although FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B Only two concave structures or two convex structures arranged side by side are shown in the figure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of concave structures or convex structures arranged side by side may be greater than two.

[0125] exist FIG. 7C The corresponding relationship between each side surface 11 (11'), 12 (12') of the triangular prism structure and each photosensitive area 740 (740') is shown in FIG. FIG. 7C The left figure shows FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B The second dielectric layers 722 and 722' are shown in a top view, wherein the FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B The triangular prism on the left is numbered 722(722')-1, and the triangular prism on the right is numbered 722(722')-2. FIG. 7C The right figure shows an example of arrangement of the photosensitive area 740 (740') and the multiple light spots 750 (750') formed, wherein each light spot 750 (750') covers two corresponding photosensitive areas 740 (740'). FIG. 7C The left figure shows the structure of the second dielectric layer 722 and 722' separately, but it should be understood that the second dielectric layer 722 and 722' should be arranged in FIG. 7C Below the lens 710 (710') shown in the right figure. FIG. 7C The first dielectric layer and the second light-transmitting layer are not shown in the right figure either.

[0126] exist FIG. 7D FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the light spot formation of the optical system 700 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7E FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the light spot formation of the optical system 700′ according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7C The optical systems 700 and 700' may be optical systems for a single optical sensing unit.

[0127] like FIG. 7DAs shown, the optical system 700 includes a lens 710, a first light-transmitting layer 720, and a second light-transmitting layer 730. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 740 separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface of the optical system 700, and the light-sensitive regions 740 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 741. FIG. 7D As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 720 includes a first dielectric layer 721 and a second dielectric layer 722. The second dielectric layer 722 has the following characteristics: FIG. 7A The structure shown.

[0128] like FIG. 7E As shown, the optical system 700' includes a lens 710', a first light-transmitting layer 720' and a second light-transmitting layer 730'. A plurality of light-sensitive areas 740' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface of the optical system 700', and the light-sensitive areas 740' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive areas 741'. FIG. 7E As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 720' includes a first dielectric layer 721' and a second dielectric layer 722'. The second dielectric layer 722' has the following FIG. 7B The structure shown.

[0129] Combine FIG. 7C and FIG. 7D The light spot formation method of the optical system 700 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. FIG. 7D As shown, the side surface 11 of the concave triangular prism 722-1 and the side surface 11 of the concave triangular prism 722-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 740 numbered 1. FIG. 7C As shown, the light spot is a stripe-shaped light spot 750, which covers not only the photosensitive area 740 numbered 1, but also the photosensitive area 740 numbered 3. FIG. 7D As shown, the side surface 12 of the concave triangular prism 722-1 and the side surface 12 of the concave triangular prism 722-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 740 numbered 2. FIG. 7C As shown, the light spot is a strip-shaped light spot 750 , which covers not only the photosensitive area 740 numbered 2 , but also the photosensitive area 740 numbered 4 .

[0130] Combine FIG. 7C and FIG. 7E The light spot formation method of the optical system 700' according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. FIG. 7E As shown, the side surface 11' of the raised triangular prism 722'-1 and the side surface 11' of the raised triangular prism 722'-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 740' numbered 1. FIG. 7C As shown, the light spot is a stripe-shaped light spot 750', which covers not only the photosensitive area 740' numbered 1, but also the photosensitive area 740' numbered 3. FIG. 7EAs shown, the side surface 12' of the raised triangular prism 722'-1 and the side surface 12' of the raised triangular prism 722'-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 740' numbered 2. FIG. 7C As shown, the light spot is a stripe-shaped light spot 750 ′, which covers not only the photosensitive area 740 ′ numbered 2 , but also the photosensitive area 740 ′ numbered 4 .

[0131] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, at least two triangular prisms of different sizes may be included on the second dielectric layer. FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B In the figure, two different arrangements of triangular prisms of different sizes are shown. FIG. 8A Two different sizes of triangular prisms are arranged in partitions. FIG. 8B In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the size of the polygonal prisms can be distinguished by the angle between the prism surface for light refraction (hereinafter referred to as the side surface) and the bottom surface of the polygonal prism. The angles of the prism surface for light refraction of polygonal prisms of different sizes are different.

[0132] FIG. 8A , a perspective schematic diagram and a front plan view of the second dielectric layer 822 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in FIG. The second dielectric layer 822 includes four raised triangular prisms arranged side by side. Optionally, each triangular prism is axisymmetric. The four raised triangular prisms are numbered 822-1, 822-2, 822-3, and 822-4 from left to right, wherein the triangular prisms 822-1 and 822-2 have the same first size and are grouped into a first triangular prism group, and the triangular prisms 822-3 and 822-4 have the same second size and are grouped into a second triangular prism group. Therefore, in FIG. 8A In the figure, from left to right are the first triangular prism group area and the second triangular prism group area. In the first triangular prism group area, all triangular prisms with a first size are arranged in sequence. In the second triangular prism group area, all triangular prisms with a second size are arranged in sequence. FIG. 8A In FIG. 1 , the two side surfaces of the triangular prisms 822-1 and 822-2 are numbered 111 and 112, respectively, and the two side surfaces of the triangular prisms 822-3 and 822-4 are numbered 121 and 122, respectively. FIG. 8A In the top view on the right, side surfaces 111 , 112 , 121 , and 122 are respectively shown with different lines.

[0133] FIG. 8B, a schematic diagram of the second dielectric layer 822' and a top view thereof according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are shown, and the second dielectric layer 822' includes four raised triangular prisms arranged side by side. Optionally, each triangular prism is axisymmetric. The four raised triangular prisms are numbered 822'-1, 822'-2, 822'-3, and 822'-4 from left to right, wherein the triangular prisms 822'-1 and 822'-3 have the same first size and are grouped into a first triangular prism group, and the triangular prisms 822'-2 and 822'-4 have the same second size and are grouped into a second triangular prism group. Therefore, in FIG. 8B In FIG, triangular prisms with a first size and triangular prisms with a second size are arranged alternately from left to right. FIG. 8B In the figure, the two side surfaces of the triangular prisms 822'-1 and 822'-3 are numbered 111' and 112', respectively, and the two side surfaces of the triangular prisms 822'-2 and 822'-4 are numbered 121' and 122', respectively. FIG. 8B In the front plan view of the right figure, side surfaces 111 ′, 112 ′, 121 ′, and 122 ′ are respectively shown with different lines.

[0134] It should be understood that although FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B Only two triangular prism groups are shown and each triangular prism group includes two triangular prism structures. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of triangular prism groups of concave structures or convex structures arranged side by side can be greater than 2, and the number of triangular prisms in each triangular prism group can also be greater than 2.

[0135] FIG. 8C The FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B The structure of the second dielectric layer 822 (822') is shown with an exemplary arrangement of the photosensitive regions 840 (840').

[0136] exist FIG. 8D 8 shows a schematic diagram of an optical system 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view along line bb'. The optical system 800 includes a lens 810, a first light-transmitting layer 820, and a second light-transmitting layer 830. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 840 separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 800, and the light-sensitive regions 840 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 841 (e.g., FIG. 8C As shown). FIG. 8D As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 820 includes a first dielectric layer 821 and a second dielectric layer 822. The second dielectric layer 822 has the following FIG. 8A The structure shown.

[0137] exist FIG. 8E800' according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 800', which is a cross-sectional view along line bb'. The optical system 800' includes a lens 810', a first light-transmitting layer 820', and a second light-transmitting layer 830'. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 840' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 800', and the light-sensitive regions 840' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 841' (e.g., FIG. 8C As shown). FIG. 8E As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 820' includes a first dielectric layer 821' and a second dielectric layer 822'. The second dielectric layer 822' has the following FIG. 8B The structure shown.

[0138] Combine FIG. 8A and FIG. 8D The light spot formation method of the optical system 800 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. FIG. 8D As shown, the side 111 of the triangular prism 822-1 and the side 111 of the triangular prism 822-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840 numbered 1; the side 112 of the triangular prism 822-1 and the side 112 of the triangular prism 822-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840 numbered 4; the side 121 of the triangular prism 822-3 and the side 121 of the triangular prism 822-4 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840 numbered 2; the side 122 of the triangular prism 822-3 and the side 122 of the triangular prism 822-4 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840 numbered 3.

[0139] Combine FIG. 8B and FIG. 8E The light spot formation method of the optical system 800' according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. FIG. 8E As shown, the side 111' of the triangular prism 822'-1 and the side 111' of the triangular prism 822'-3 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840' numbered 1; the side 112' of the triangular prism 822'-1 and the side 112' of the triangular prism 822'-3 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840' numbered 4; the side 121' of the triangular prism 822'-2 and the side 121' of the triangular prism 822'-4 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840' numbered 2; the side 122' of the triangular prism 822'-2 and the side 122' of the triangular prism 822'-4 together form a light spot on the photosensitive area 840' numbered 3.

[0140] In addition, despite the FIG. 8C FIG shows a case where the plurality of photosensitive regions are a linear array (ie, a one-dimensional array). However, it should be understood that FIG. 8A and FIG. 8BThe optical systems 800 and 800' can also be applied to the case where the plurality of photosensitive areas are in a two-dimensional array. In this case, the photosensitive areas in the same column receive light beams from the same prism side. FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B The optical systems 800 and 800' are described as examples, for example, FIG. 8F As shown, the multiple photosensitive areas can be a 2*4 two-dimensional array, with each row of the two-dimensional array having 4 photosensitive pixels and each column having 2 photosensitive pixels. The optical systems 800 and 800' form four strip-shaped light spots, each of which covers the photosensitive areas in the same column. In addition, the photosensitive areas can also be a 3*4 or 4*4 two-dimensional array.

[0141] Combine FIG. 8F and FIG. 8D To describe the way the light spot is formed on the photosensitive area of ​​the two-dimensional array. FIG. 8D and 8F As shown, the side 111 of the triangular prism 822-1 and the side 111 of the triangular prism 822-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive areas 840 numbered 1 and 5; the side 112 of the triangular prism 822-1 and the side 112 of the triangular prism 822-2 together form a light spot on the photosensitive areas 840 numbered 4 and 8; the side 121 of the triangular prism 822-3 and the side 121 of the triangular prism 822-4 together form a light spot on the photosensitive areas 840 numbered 2 and 6; the side 122 of the triangular prism 822-3 and the side 122 of the triangular prism 822-4 together form a light spot on the photosensitive areas 840 numbered 3 and 7.

[0142] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of photosensitive regions may be a P*Q two-dimensional array, wherein each row has Q photosensitive pixels and each column has P photosensitive pixels. The number of columns Q is determined by the number Ng of polygonal prism groups with concave or convex structures arranged side by side and the number No of stripe-shaped light spots formed by each polygonal prism group. Photosensitive regions in the same column receive light beams from the same prism side of the same polygonal prism group. For example, Q is equal to the product of Ng and No.

[0143] It should be understood that although FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B It is shown in the figures that the upper surface of the second dielectric layer includes a plurality of protruding structures arranged side by side. However, it should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Based on the contents of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can easily obtain that the upper surface of the second dielectric layer includes a plurality of recessed structures arranged side by side, which will not be repeated here.

[0144] Despite FIG. 7A 、 FIG. 7B 、 FIG. 8A and FIG. 8BThe convex structures shown in the figure are all triangular prism structures. However, it should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and other polygonal prism structures can also be used. The number of sides of the polygonal prism structure is greater than 2. For example, the polygonal prism can be a pentagonal prism with four sides. It should be understood that the size of the polygonal prism and the number of sides (excluding the bottom surface) of the polygonal prism can be set according to the number of photosensitive areas.

[0145] Despite FIG. 3A-8E Detailed description is given of an embodiment in which a concave structure or a convex structure is formed on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer. However, it should be understood that the embodiment of the present disclosure may also form a concave structure or a convex structure on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer.

[0146] exist FIG. 9A FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of an optical system 900 in which a recessed structure is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical system 900 includes a lens 910, a first light-transmitting layer 920, and a second light-transmitting layer 930. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 940 separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 900, and the light-sensitive regions 940 are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 941. FIG. 9A As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 920 includes a first dielectric layer 921 and a second dielectric layer 922. A concave structure is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 922. It should be understood that the concave structure arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 922 can be formed by FIG. 4A 、 Figure 5A 、 Figure 6A 、 Figure 7A One or more recessed structures shown, and may also be formed in accordance with Figure 8A and Figure 8B As shown, a plurality of recessed structures are arranged correspondingly, which will not be described in detail here.

[0147] exist Figure 9B FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of an optical system 900' in which a convex structure is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical system 900' includes a lens 910', a first light-transmitting layer 920', and a second light-transmitting layer 930'. A plurality of light-sensitive regions 940' separated from each other are arranged on the light-sensitive surface below the optical system 900', and the light-sensitive regions 940' are surrounded by non-light-sensitive regions 941'. Figure 9B As shown, the first light-transmitting layer 920' includes a first dielectric layer 921' and a second dielectric layer 922', and a convex structure is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 922'. It should be understood that the convex structure arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 922' can be Figure 4B 、 Figure 5B 、 Figure 6B 、 Figure 7B 、 Figure 8A 、 Figure 8BThe one or more protruding structures shown are not described in detail here.

[0148] It should be understood that although Figures 3A-9B It is shown that the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the second light-transmitting layer are arranged in sequence between the lens and the photosensitive area. However, it should be understood that the second dielectric layer can be sandwiched between the first dielectric layer and form a concave structure or a convex structure on the upper surface or lower surface of the second dielectric layer.

[0149] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of an alternative implementation of a triangular prism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0150] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 5B 、 Figure 7B 、 Figure 8A 、 Figure 8B The raised triangular prism structure shown (such as Figure 10 As shown in the left figure of ) is realized as a multi-stage phase structure with a stepped side, such as Figure 10 As shown in the right figure of the figure, this can reduce the difficulty of implementing the triangular prism in the process and reduce production costs. Similarly, the side surface of the concave triangular prism structure can also be implemented as a stepped multi-step phase structure. In addition to the triangular prism structure, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the side surface of the polygonal prism structure arranged on the second dielectric layer can also be implemented as a stepped multi-step phase structure.

[0151] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is also possible to Figures 4A-4E 、 Figures 6A-6E The side surfaces of the polygonal pyramid structure are realized as a stepped multi-stage phase structure.

[0152] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, Figures 3C-9B In any one of the second dielectric layers, the second dielectric layer may include a base layer and one or more protruding structures formed on the base layer, or the second dielectric layer may include a base layer and one or more recessed structures formed in the base layer.

[0153] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing unit is also provided, which includes a Figures 3A-10 The optical system described herein and the plurality of photosensitive areas separated from each other and arranged under the optical system.

[0154] The optical sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may have, for example, Figures 3A-3D 、 Figures 4A-4E 、 Figures 5A-5C 、 Figures 6A-6E 、 Figures 7A-7E 、 Figures 8A-8E and Figures 9A-9B The optical sensing unit includes an optical system and a photosensitive area. For example, see Figure 3C andFigure 3B , the optical sensing unit includes an optical system 300 and a photosensitive area 340. The optical system 300 includes a lens 310, a first light-transmitting layer 320, and a second light-transmitting layer 330. The optical system 300 forms a plurality of light spots, such as a plurality of light spots 350, on a plurality of photosensitive areas 340 separated from each other. The specific method of forming a plurality of light spots can be found in the description of the above embodiments and will not be repeated here. The photosensitive area is formed by a photosensitive device, which may be a photodiode or a single-photon avalanche diode SPAD, and the photosensitive area may be an area covered by a photosensitive diode or a single-photon avalanche diode SPAD, or may be a light-receiving area of ​​a photosensitive diode or a single-photon avalanche diode SPAD.

[0155] By using the optical system including the second dielectric layer according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the incident light beam can form a plurality of light spots corresponding to a plurality of photosensitive areas separated from each other, thereby improving the light sensing efficiency of the optical sensing unit.

[0156] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical sensing module is further provided, which includes a plurality of optical sensing units arranged in an array, and each optical sensing unit is an optical sensing unit as in the above embodiment.

[0157] The optical sensing module in this embodiment can be found in Figure 1A , which includes a plurality of optical sensing units arranged in an array, each optical sensing unit being, for example, a combination of an optical system 300 and a photosensitive area 340 .

[0158] There are a few points to note:

[0159] (1) The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only relate to the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other structures may refer to conventional designs.

[0160] (2) In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features therein may be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

[0161] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present disclosure shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An optical system for forming a plurality of light spots on a plurality of light-sensitive areas separated from each other, comprising: a lens, configured to receive the first light beam and converge the first light beam; a first light-transmitting layer, located below the lens, configured to refract the converged first light beam into a plurality of second light beams, wherein the plurality of second light beams are configured to form a plurality of light spots on the photosensitive area, wherein each of the plurality of light spots covers a portion of the plurality of photosensitive areas; and A second light-transmitting layer is located below the first light-transmitting layer, and the plurality of second light beams respectively pass through the second light-transmitting layer and enter the plurality of photosensitive areas. In which, the first light-transmitting layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer has at least one convex structure or at least one concave structure, wherein the distance between the light spots of the multiple second light beams is determined based on the size of the convex structure or the concave structure, and / or the difference between the refractive index of the second dielectric layer and the refractive index of the first dielectric layer.

2. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein The upper surface of the second dielectric layer has the at least one convex structure or the at least one concave structure, and each of the at least one convex structure or the at least one concave structure refracts light incident on its light incident surface, so that the converged first light beam is refracted into the plurality of second light beams; or The lower surface of the second dielectric layer has the at least one convex structure or the at least one concave structure, and each of the at least one convex structure or the at least one concave structure refracts the light emitted from its light-emitting surface, so that the converged first light beam is refracted into the multiple second light beams.

3. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one concave structure is a polygonal pyramid, and the number of side surfaces of each polygonal pyramid is equal to the number of the plurality of photosensitive regions.

4. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure is a polygonal prism, and the number of side surfaces of each polygonal prism is related to the number of the plurality of photosensitive regions.

5. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: The second dielectric layer has a plurality of protruding structures or a plurality of concave structures, The plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of recessed structures are arranged in an N*M array, where N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2, and N is equal to or not equal to M.

6. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: The second dielectric layer has a plurality of protruding structures or a plurality of concave structures, wherein each of the plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of concave structures is an axisymmetric polygonal prism, and the plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of concave structures are arranged in parallel to form a linear array; and The number of prism faces for light refraction of each of the polygonal prisms is related to the number of the plurality of photosensitive regions.

7. The optical system according to claim 6, wherein: Each of the polygonal prisms is a triangular prism, and at least two triangular prisms constitute a triangular prism group, and each triangular prism group is used to form two long strip-shaped light spots.

8. The optical system according to claim 6, wherein: The plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of recessed structures include polygonal prisms of at least two sizes, and the polygonal prisms of each size have different angles of prism faces for light refraction.

9. The optical system according to claim 8, wherein: The plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of recessed structures include triangular prisms of two sizes, and the triangular prisms of the first size and the triangular prisms of the second size are alternately arranged. The triangular prisms of the first size constitute a first triangular prism group, and the triangular prisms of the second size constitute a second triangular prism group. Each triangular prism group is used to form two long strip-shaped light spots.

10. The optical system according to claim 8, wherein: The plurality of protruding structures or the plurality of recessed structures include triangular prisms of two sizes, and the triangular prisms of the first size and the triangular prisms of the second size are arranged in zones. The triangular prisms of the first size constitute a first triangular prism group, and the triangular prisms of the second size constitute a second triangular prism group. Each triangular prism group is used to form two long strip-shaped light spots.

11. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: When the second dielectric layer includes at least one protruding structure, the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is smaller than that of the first dielectric layer and the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is smaller than that of the second light-transmitting layer; or The refractive index of the second medium layer is greater than the refractive index of the first medium layer and is less than the refractive index of the second light-transmitting layer.

12. The optical system according to claim 11, wherein: The refractive index of the first dielectric layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the lens.

13. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: When the second dielectric layer includes at least one concave structure, the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is greater than the refractive index of the first dielectric layer, and the refractive index of the second dielectric layer is greater than the refractive index of the second light-transmitting layer.

14. The optical system according to claim 13, wherein: The refractive index of the first dielectric layer is greater than or equal to the refractive index of the lens.

15. The optical system according to claim 11 or 13, wherein: The greater the difference between the refractive index of the second medium layer and the refractive index of the first medium layer, the farther the spots of the plurality of second light beams are from each other; and / or The greater the difference between the refractive index of the second medium layer and the refractive index of the second light-transmitting layer, the farther the light spots of the plurality of second light beams are from each other.

16. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: The first dielectric layer is located between the lens and the second dielectric layer, or the second dielectric layer is sandwiched between the first dielectric layer.

17. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: A side surface of each of the at least one protruding structure or the at least one recessed structure includes a stepped multi-step phase structure.

18. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein: In the case where the second dielectric layer includes one or more protruding structures, the second dielectric layer includes a base layer and one or more protruding structures formed on the base layer; In the case where the second dielectric layer includes one or more recessed structures, the second dielectric layer includes a base layer and one or more recessed structures formed in the base layer.

19. An optical sensing module comprising a plurality of optical sensing units arranged in an array, each optical sensing unit comprising the optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and a plurality of photosensitive areas.

20. The optical sensing module according to claim 19, wherein: Each optical sensing unit is independent of each other, and each optical sensing unit includes a lens independent of each other.

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