A main circuit for charging and discharging a power battery

Abstract

The present application proposes a main circuit for charging and discharging a power battery matrix, belonging to the technical field of battery charging and discharging. The circuit includes: a battery matrix, power switching devices, and connecting wires. The battery matrix includes M×N single cells and X power switching devices; the battery matrix is electrically connected in a "tian" - shaped mesh structure through the power switching devices and wires; at least one power switching device is provided on all wires from the single cells to any electrical node in the "tian" - shaped mesh structure; the M×N single cells can change the battery matrix into multiple battery packs in which the internal single cells are connected in series through the state conversion of the power switching devices, and the battery packs can be connected in parallel or in series. The present invention realizes charging each single cell in sequence or more flexible multi - stage sequential charging through the flexible and variable main circuit of the battery matrix, speeds up the charging speed in a low - voltage and low - power mode, and improves the performance, life, and safety of the battery matrix.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery charging and discharging, and in particular relates to a main circuit technology for controlling the charging and discharging of a power battery matrix. Background Art

[0002] The charging speed, overall lifespan and safety of the battery matrix are key factors in the development of electric vehicles. Current charging piles can meet the fast charging needs of electric vehicles because they can provide large currents during operation. However, considering the rapid development of the electric vehicle market and the development prospects of green energy, the urban power supply network is unable to meet the needs of most electric vehicles to adopt such high-power charging piles. The current low-power charging method uses low-current and low-voltage charging, which has a slow charging speed and cannot meet people's demand for fast battery charging.

[0003] Although the performance of modern power battery matrices varies, their structures are basically the same. They are all composed of multiple single cells connected in series to form battery packs, and each battery pack is connected in parallel to form a battery matrix to increase the discharge voltage and current of the battery matrix. This fixed-connection battery matrix also brings many difficult-to-solve technical problems: 1. The charging voltage and charging current required for single cells when charging are not high. However, when multiple single cells are connected in series and parallel to form a power battery pack that can drive an electric vehicle for more than 600 kilometers, the required DC charging voltage is high and the current is very large. If you want to shorten the charging time, you need a higher voltage and current. The general AC power interface and small charger cannot meet the requirements of fast charging, and a high-power charging pile must be used; 2. After the performance of a single cell seriously deteriorates, this single cell will seriously drag down the overall performance of the battery pack; 3. Serious failure or loss of a single cell will drag down the safety performance of the entire battery pack and even the electrical equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention changes the connection mode of the battery matrix by switching the states of power switching devices in the main circuit of the battery matrix. In conjunction with an intelligent power supply system (the intelligent power supply system should include at least one programmable adjustable output and a programmable multi-point trigger circuit; the present invention does not include the software and hardware of the intelligent power supply system), the current charging mode of charging all batteries simultaneously or in multiple stages is changed to charging each single battery in sequence or in a more flexible multiple stages. This speeds up the low-voltage, low-power charging mode, improves the safety of the battery, and alleviates the problem of some single battery failures affecting the performance, lifespan, and safety of the entire battery matrix.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the first solution proposed by the present invention is: a controllable main circuit of a grid-shaped battery matrix, the circuit comprising: a battery matrix, power switching devices and connecting wires, characterized in that the battery matrix comprises N single cells, X controllable high-power switching devices, and the battery pack is electrically connected in a grid-shaped structure through the power switching devices and wires, and at least one power switching device is provided on all connecting wires from the single cells to any electrical node in the above grid-shaped structure; N is an integer greater than 0, and X is an integer greater than 0.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the second solution proposed by the present invention is: a controllable main circuit of a grid-shaped battery matrix in a square shape, the circuit comprising: a battery matrix, power switching devices and connecting wires, characterized in that the battery matrix comprises M×N single cells, X power switching devices, and the above battery matrix is electrically connected in a grid-shaped structure in a square shape through the power switching devices and wires, and at least one power switching device is provided on all wires from the single cells to any electrical node in the above grid-shaped structure in a square shape, M is an integer greater than 0, N is an integer greater than 0, X is an integer greater than 0, and the above M×N single cells can be regarded as M groups of batteries, each group of batteries contains N single cells, and the N single cells in each group can form a series circuit through the closed loop of the power switch, and each group of batteries can form a parallel circuit.

[0007] To achieve the above object and provide a more flexible circuit connection method, the third solution proposed by the present invention is: a controllable balanced grid-shaped battery matrix main circuit in a square shape, the circuit comprising: a battery matrix, power switching devices, adjustable resistors and connecting wires, characterized in that the battery matrix comprises M×N single cells, X power switching devices, T adjustable resistors, and the above battery pack is electrically connected in a grid-shaped structure in a square shape through the power switching devices and wires, and at least one power switching device is provided on all wires from the single cells to any electrical node in the above grid-shaped structure in a square shape, M is an integer greater than 0, N is an integer greater than 0, X is an integer greater than 0, T is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and the above M×N single cells can be regarded as M groups of batteries, each group of batteries contains N single cells, and the N single cells in each group can form a series circuit through the closed loop of the power switch, and several adjustable resistors are connected in series in the sequentially connected lines of each group of batteries, and the connected adjustable resistors can form a series circuit with the sequentially connected battery group, and each battery group can form a parallel circuit.

[0008] The grid-shaped structure in the above Solution 1, Solution 2 and Solution 3 refers to that the circuit presents the shape of the Chinese character "grid" in the electrical connection diagram, and the grid-shaped battery pack circuit in a square shape refers to the grid-shaped structure that the circuit presents the shape of the Chinese character "square" in the local electrical connection diagram.

[0009] In the above-mentioned schemes 1, 2 and 3, as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 As shown, a switch can be set at each electrically adjacent position on both sides of each single battery as needed, as shown in the attached Figure 1 There is a switch S21 and S22 on each side of the B2 battery; it is also possible to set only one switch S21 at an electrically adjacent position on one side of each single battery to disconnect the single battery in this branch from the main circuit.

[0010] In the above-mentioned schemes 2 and 3, the battery matrix of M×N single cells contained in the battery matrix can also be composed of less than N batteries connected in series to form a battery group, the number of battery groups is less than M×N, and the battery groups can be connected in parallel or in series.

[0011] During use, the above-mentioned Schemes 1, 2, and 3 can, as needed, be used to trigger the control circuit of the power switch device in the intelligent power supply system to open or close the specified switch, so that the individual cells in the battery matrix can be connected in the required manner and then connected to the power supply for charging or to the electrical appliance for discharging. The power battery matrix proposed by the present invention can change the connection method of the individual cells through the power switch device, and the connection method is diverse and flexible.

[0012] The power battery charging and discharging main circuit proposed by the present invention can also be used as the charging and discharging main circuit of batteries for various other purposes.

[0013] The charging process of solution 1 proposed by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0014] 1. Make sure all high-power switches are in the off state before charging.

[0015] 2. Detect the voltage and resistance of all N single cells separately to determine the single cells that need to be charged and their quantity.

[0016] 3. According to the output voltage that the charging power source can provide, select the appropriate switch to close and charge the determined i single cells in sequence or in series.

[0017] 4. During the charging process, the battery status is detected. When the charging of a battery is completed, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit through the power switch and the bypass switch of the branch where the battery is located is closed as needed. Then, other single cells that need to be charged are charged in series or sequentially.

[0018] 5. Repeat steps 3-4 until all batteries are charged.

[0019] The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0020] The discharge process of Scheme 1 proposed by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0021] 1. Make sure all switches are in the off state before discharging.

[0022] 2. Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all N single cells respectively, and record the current battery status data.

[0023] 3. According to the needs of the electrical equipment, determine the selection of i single cells to be connected in series and then discharged.

[0024] The charging process of solution 2 proposed by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0025] 1. Make sure all high-power switches are in the off position.

[0026] 2. Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and determine the i single cells that need to be charged.

[0027] 3. Based on the voltage and current that the charging power source can provide and the location of the i batteries, select the appropriate switch to close and charge the determined i single batteries in sequence or in series and parallel.

[0028] 4. During the charging process, the battery status is detected. If a battery is fully charged, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit through the power switch and connected to other single batteries that need to be charged for series and parallel charging or sequential charging.

[0029] 5. Repeat steps 3-4 until all batteries are charged.

[0030] The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0031] The discharge process of solution 2 proposed by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0032] 1. Make sure all switches are in the off state before discharging.

[0033] 2. Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and record the current battery status data.

[0034] 3. According to the needs of the electrical equipment, determine the selection of i single cells for series or parallel connection and then discharge.

[0035] The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0036] The charging process of solution 3 proposed by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0037] 1. Make sure all high-power switches are in the off state before charging.

[0038] 2. Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and determine the i single cells that need to be charged.

[0039] 3. Based on the voltage and current that the charging power source can provide and the location of the i batteries, select the appropriate switch to close and charge the determined i single batteries in sequence or in series and parallel.

[0040] 4. During the charging process, the battery status is detected. If a battery is fully charged, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit through the power switch and connected to other single batteries that need to be charged for series and parallel charging or sequential charging.

[0041] 5. If the resistances of the battery pack branches connected in parallel are different, add adjustable resistances to the required branches as needed to make the resistances of the branches connected in parallel similar or the same.

[0042] 6. Repeat steps 3-5 until all batteries are charged.

[0043] The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0044] The discharge process of Scheme 3 proposed by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0045] 1. Make sure all switches are in the off state before discharging.

[0046] 2. Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and record the current battery status data.

[0047] 3. According to the needs of the electrical equipment, determine the selection of i single cells for series or parallel connection and then discharge.

[0048] 4. If it is found that the terminal voltages of the multiple battery packs formed by connecting these i single cells are different and the battery packs need to be connected in parallel, an adjustable resistor is connected in series with the battery pack with the higher terminal voltage through the control of the power switch. The resistance value is adjusted so that the output voltages of the parallel branches are the same, and then the battery pack branches are connected in parallel.

[0049] The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Attachment Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a controllable U-shaped battery pack main circuit provided by Technical Solution 1 of the present application. The switches in the figure all represent controllable high-power switching devices, where the elements marked with the letter B are single cells, or they can be a series combination of multiple single cells, and the elements marked with the letter S or K are controllable power switching devices.

[0051] Attachment Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a controllable field-shaped mesh battery pack main circuit provided by Technical Solution 2 of the present application. The switches in the figure are all controllable power switching devices, among which the elements marked with the letter B are single cells, or they can be a series combination of multiple single cells. The elements marked with the letter S or K are controllable power switching devices.

[0052] Attachment Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main circuit of a controllable, balanced, grid-shaped battery pack provided by Technical Solution 3 of this application. The switches in the diagram are all controllable power switching devices. Elements beginning with the letter B are single cells, or a series combination of multiple single cells. Elements beginning with the letter S or K are controllable power switching devices. Elements beginning with the letter R are adjustable resistors.

[0053] Attachment Figure 4 This is a specific embodiment of a controllable U-shaped battery pack main circuit provided by technical solution 1 of the present application. The switches in the figure all represent controllable high-power switching devices, among which the elements marked with the letter B are single cells, or they can be a series combination of multiple single cells. The elements marked with the letter S or K are controllable power switching devices.

[0054] Attachment Figure 5 This is a specific embodiment of a controllable field-shaped mesh battery pack main circuit provided by technical solution 2 of the present application. The switches in the figure are all controllable power switching devices, among which the elements marked with the letter B are single cells, or they can be a series combination of multiple single cells. The elements marked with the letter S or K are controllable power switching devices.

[0055] Attachment Figure 6 This is a specific embodiment of a controllable balanced grid-shaped battery pack main circuit provided by Technical Solution 2 of this application. The switches in the figure are all controllable power switching devices. Elements marked with the letter B are single cells, or a combination of multiple single cells in series. Elements marked with the letter S or K are controllable power switching devices. Elements marked with the letter R are adjustable resistors, or a combination of multiple adjustable resistors in series. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar numbers throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below through the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application.

[0057] In the specific embodiment of scheme 1, N=4, X=15 is taken in scheme 1, that is, the battery pack main circuit includes 4 single cells and 15 switching devices, which constitute the battery pack charge and discharge main circuit, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, B1, B2, B3, and B4 are four single batteries, S11, S12, S21, S22, S31, S32, S41, S42, K1, K2, K3, K4, K11, K21, K31, and K41 are controllable power switches. During the charging process, all power switches are disconnected first. According to the test, if all batteries are intact and the charging power supply voltage can meet the charging needs of all batteries, the switches starting with K are all disconnected and the switches starting with S are all closed, forming B1, B2, B3, and B4, which are four batteries. Series charging circuit; if the charging power supply voltage can only charge two single batteries in series at the same time, then two batteries are connected in series through the power switch and connected to the charging power supply. After the above two batteries are charged, all power switches are turned off, and then some switches are closed to connect the other two batteries in series and connected to the charging power supply. Each two batteries connected in series are charged in turn. For example, S11, S12, S21, S22, K21, K3, and K4 are closed, and other power switches remain open. B1 and B2 are charged in series first. After B1 and B2 are charged, After the charging is completed, all switches are disconnected. Then, K1, K2, K21, S31, S32, S41, and S42 are closed, and the other switches remain disconnected to charge B3 and B4. If the charging voltage can only charge a certain single battery, the power switch is controlled to connect the certain battery to the charging power supply, and the other batteries are disconnected from the charging power supply. After one battery is fully charged, the power switch is controlled to disconnect the battery that has been charged and then connect another battery to be charged, so as to charge each single battery of the battery pack in turn. If one of the batteries is damaged, such as B 2 is damaged and cannot be used, then the two switches S21 and S22 are disconnected, and the other corresponding switches starting with the letter S are closed, K11, K2, and K21 are also closed, and the other power switches remain in the disconnected state. It is still possible to connect the three single cells B1, B3, and B4 in series, and the charging power supply charges these three single cells in series; the discharge process needs to select the battery and its connection method according to the needs of the load, and is achieved by controlling the state conversion of the power switch. The principle is the same as the main steps of the charging process and discharge process of the above scheme 1, which are not repeated here.

[0058] In the specific embodiment of Scheme 2, M=3, N=4, and X=44 are taken, which becomes a specific form of a battery matrix charge and discharge main circuit described in Scheme 2. The circuit includes 12 single cells and 44 switching devices, which can generally constitute a charge and discharge main circuit for three groups of batteries, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown, the battery matrix can be connected in such a way that B11, B12, B13, and B14 form a first group, B21, B22, B23, and B24 form a second group, and B31, B32, B33, and B34 form a third group, forming a battery matrix of three battery groups. If all batteries are intact and the charging power supply voltage and current can meet the charging needs of all batteries, then all switches beginning with K are disconnected and all switches beginning with S are closed. The batteries of each group are connected in series, and the groups are connected in parallel. The three battery groups are connected to the charging power supply at the same time. Depending on the power of the charging power supply, each battery group can also be controlled to be connected in sequence to charge each battery group in sequence. The battery group can be composed of more than the three specific battery groups mentioned above. The power switches can also be controlled as needed to select any single battery that can be connected in series, for example, B11, B22, B33, and B34 can be selected to form a battery group. There are many ways to connect the batteries, which are difficult to list exhaustively. If it is found that one of the batteries is damaged, for example, battery B22 is damaged and cannot be used, S221 and S222 are disconnected, so that the circuit where battery B22 is located is disconnected from other circuits, current no longer flows through this branch, and battery B22 no longer participates in the charging and discharging process. According to the needs of charging or discharging, K112, K12, and K122 can be closed, or K112, K12, K122, K211, K22, and K221 can be closed to bypass the branch where B22 is located. If needed, the branch where B22 is located can also not be bypassed; in the subsequent charging and discharging process, the main circuit cooperates with the control circuit to realize charging or discharging as needed. The battery selected and the connection method of the specific charging process are determined by the voltage and current provided by the power supply, while the battery and the connection method of the specific charging process need to be selected according to the needs of the load, and are realized by controlling the state conversion of the power switch. The principle is the same as the main steps of the charging process and discharging process of the above-mentioned scheme 2, which are not repeated here.

[0059] In the specific embodiment of Scheme 3, M=3, N=4, X=56, and T=3 are used to realize the main circuit of Scheme 3. The battery matrix includes 12 single cells, 56 switching devices, and 3 adjustable resistors. During the charging and discharging process, the connection of the battery pack is basically the same as that of Scheme 2, generally forming a charging and discharging circuit of three groups of batteries, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6As shown, B11, B12, B13, B14 are the first group, B21, B22, B23, B24 are the second group, and B31, B32, B33, B34 are the third group, forming a battery matrix of three battery groups. All power switching devices are in the disconnected state: if all batteries are intact and the charging power supply voltage and current can meet the charging needs of all batteries, then K101, K102, K201, K202 and K10 are closed, and all other switches starting with K are disconnected, S101, S102, S201, S202, S301, S301 are disconnected, and all other switches starting with S are closed, so that the batteries of the three groups are connected in series, each group is connected in parallel, and the three groups are connected in parallel. The batteries are connected to the charging power supply at the same time, and the adjustable resistor is not connected to the charging circuit; if one battery in a group is damaged and you want to charge it as quickly as possible, you can disconnect and bypass the damaged battery, and then connect the adjustable resistor in series to the series circuit of this battery pack to make the resistance of each parallel branch equal, so as to achieve fast charging and reduce the circulating current. For example, in the three battery packs connected above, B22 is damaged, S221, S222, S101, S102, S301, and S302 are disconnected, and the other switches marked with S are closed, K10, K101, K211, K221, K22, K202, and K20 are closed, and the other switches marked with K are disconnected, so as to disconnect B22 from the second battery pack and The bypass is then connected in series with an adjustable resistor R2, and all batteries are charged at a similar speed at the same time; during the discharge process, the battery and its connection method can be selected according to the needs of the load by switching the state of the switch to realize power supply to the load; if a battery is found to be damaged during the discharge preparation, for example, battery B22 is damaged and cannot be used, the two switches S221 and S222 are disconnected, so that the circuit where battery B22 is located is disconnected from other circuits, and the current no longer flows through this branch, and battery B22 no longer participates in the charging and discharging process. In the subsequent charging and discharging process, K112, K12, and K122 can be closed, or K112, K12, K122, K211, K22, and K221 can be closed as needed. The branch where B22 is located is now bypassed, so that the other series-connected batteries originally connected in series with B22 remain in series. If the terminal voltages of the branches connected in parallel need to be different, adjustable resistors can be added in series to each series branch for appropriate adjustment to make the terminal voltages of the battery group branches connected in parallel similar or the same. Then, the series-connected battery group branches with adjustable resistors can be connected in parallel to form a battery matrix to supply power externally. After forming multiple battery groups, if the battery groups are to be connected in parallel, during the charging process, the different number of batteries in each parallel battery group will cause different resistances in the parallel branches, resulting in different charging speeds for the battery groups charged simultaneously. If the charging speeds of the groups need to be the same, adjustable resistors can be added in series to the branches with smaller resistance as described above.During the discharge process, the terminal voltages of the parallel battery packs are different, which will cause circulating currents between the battery packs. In this case, by inserting an adjustable resistor in series with the battery pack with the higher terminal voltage, the terminal voltages of the series branches can be made similar or the same, thereby reducing or even eliminating the circulating current. The battery packs together with the adjustable resistor form a controllable balanced grid-shaped battery matrix main circuit to supply power to the outside. This main circuit cooperates with the control circuit to realize charging or discharging, and the circulating current is relatively small. The state of the power switch in the specific charging process is determined by the voltage and current provided by the power supply, while the discharge process requires the selection of the battery, adjustable resistor and their connection method according to the needs of the load, and is achieved by controlling the state transition of the power switch. This method is very flexible and the principle is the same as the main steps of the charging and discharging process in the above scheme 3, which will not be repeated here.

[0060] Beneficial effects

[0061] 1. The main circuit for charging and discharging the power battery proposed in the present invention can provide a wide range of voltage and current charging in conjunction with the corresponding control circuit according to the power supply conditions: when the power supply voltage is low, a smaller number of batteries are selected to be connected in series for charging; when the power supply voltage is high, a larger number of batteries can be selected to be connected in series for charging; when the power supply current is small, a smaller number of batteries are selected to be connected in parallel for charging; when the power supply current is large, a larger number of batteries are selected to be connected in parallel for charging; when the voltage and current are low, each single battery can be charged in sequence, so that the power battery can be charged using a small power supply, for example, using solar cells to charge the power batteries in sequence.

[0062] 2. The main circuit for charging and discharging the power battery proposed in the present invention can extend the life of the battery pack. If a battery is found to have degraded or damaged through detection, the battery can be removed from the charging and discharging circuit by controlling the on and off of a high-power switch, so that the performance degradation and damage of a single battery will not seriously affect the performance of the entire battery pack.

[0063] 3. The main circuit for charging and discharging the power battery proposed in the present invention can improve the safety performance of the object powered by the battery pack. When a battery is severely impacted and suffers a serious fault or explosion hazard, the battery can be cut off from the charging and discharging circuit by controlling the on and off of a high-power switch. When a single cell seriously fails or explodes, the discharge current of the battery pack no longer flows through the faulty cell, thereby limiting the scope and extent of the fault or hazard and improving the safety of the object powered by the battery pack.

[0064] 4. The main circuit for charging and discharging the power battery proposed in this invention can cooperate with the intelligent power supply to provide efficient and precise charging for different connection methods of different numbers of single cells. For example, after conventional charging is completed, if only a small number of single cells remain to be charged, the output voltage and current of the intelligent power supply can be adjusted according to the appropriate connection matching of the number of batteries to be charged, achieving efficient and precise charging.

[0065] 5. The main circuit for charging and discharging the power battery proposed in the present invention can be coordinated with an appropriate control circuit to power a variety of electrical devices with different voltage and current requirements.

[0066] The batteries described in this specification refer to storage batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged; the monomer batteries described in this specification refer to single-core batteries, and can also be an integral battery composed of multiple single-core batteries connected in series; the battery packs described in this specification refer to multiple batteries connected in series; the high-power switching devices described in this specification can be power field-effect transistors (power MOSFETs) or insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and can also be controllable power devices such as integrated gate-commutated thyristors (IGCTs) that can switch circuits on and off; the switches or power switches described in this specification refer to controllable power switching devices.

Claims

1. A controllable grid-shaped battery matrix main circuit, the main circuit comprising: Battery matrix, power switching devices and connecting wires, characterized in that, The .mu.-shaped battery matrix includes N single cells and at least one power switch. The battery pack is electrically connected to a .mu.-shaped structure through the power switch and wires. In the .mu.-shaped structure, all connecting wires from the single cells to any electrical node are provided with at least one power switch. A zigzag grid battery matrix includes M×N single cells and at least one power switch device. The battery matrix is ​​electrically connected to a zigzag grid structure through the power switch devices and wires. At least one power switch device is provided on all wires connecting the single cells to any electrical node in the zigzag grid structure. M is an integer greater than 0, and N is an integer greater than 0. The zigzag grid includes M groups of zigzag grid battery matrices, each group of which includes N single cells. The N single cells in each group form a series circuit through a closed loop of the power switch device, and the groups of cells form a parallel circuit. All connecting wires from the single cell to any electrical node are provided with at least one power switch device, specifically: a power switch device is provided at each electrically adjacent position on both sides of each single cell; and a power switch device is provided on each wire in the U-shaped battery matrix.

2. A controllable balanced grid-shaped battery matrix main circuit, the main circuit comprising: A battery matrix, a power switching device, an adjustable resistor and a connecting wire, characterized in that at least one adjustable resistor is provided in the controllable zigzag mesh battery matrix main circuit as described in claim 1; at least one adjustable resistor is connected in series in the circuit of each group of batteries connected in sequence, the connected adjustable resistor and the battery groups connected in sequence form a series circuit, and each battery group forms a parallel circuit.

3. The main circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It is also possible to arrange only one power switch device at a position electrically adjacent to one side of each single cell to disconnect the single cell in this branch from the main circuit.

4. The main circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The M×N single batteries contained in the battery matrix can also be connected in series with less than N batteries to form a battery group. The number of battery groups is less than M×N, and the battery groups can be connected in parallel or in series.

5. A control method for a controllable zigzag grid battery matrix main circuit, the method controlling the controllable zigzag grid battery matrix main circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that The control method is: The charging process mainly includes the following steps: (1) Ensure that all power switching devices are in the off state; (2) Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and determine the i single cells that need to be charged; (3) Based on the voltage and current that the charging power source can provide and the location of the i batteries, select the appropriate power switch device to close and charge the determined i single batteries in sequence or in series and parallel; (4) During the charging process, the battery status is detected. If a battery is fully charged, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit through the power switch device and connected to other single cells that need to be charged for series and parallel charging or sequential charging; (5) Repeat steps (3)-(4) until all batteries are charged; The i in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0; The discharge process mainly includes the following steps: (1) Ensure that all power switching devices are in the off state before discharging; (2) Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and record the current battery status data; (3) Determine i single cells to be connected in series or parallel and then discharged according to the needs of the electrical equipment; The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

6. A control method for a controllable balanced zigzag grid battery matrix main circuit, the method controlling the controllable balanced zigzag grid battery matrix main circuit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The control method is: The charging process mainly includes the following steps: (1) Ensure that all power switching devices are in the disconnected state before charging; (2) Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and determine the i single cells that need to be charged; (3) Based on the voltage and current that the charging power source can provide and the location of the i batteries, select the appropriate power switch device to close and charge the determined i single batteries in sequence or in series and parallel; (4) During the charging process, the battery status is detected. If a battery is fully charged, the battery is disconnected from the charging circuit through the power switch device and connected to other single cells that need to be charged for series and parallel charging or sequential charging; (5) If the resistances of the battery pack branches connected in parallel are different, an adjustable resistance value is added to the required branch as needed to make the resistances of the branches connected in parallel similar or the same; (6) Repeat steps (3) to (5) until all batteries are charged; The i in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0; The discharge process mainly includes the following steps: (1) Ensure that all power switching devices are in the off state before discharging; (2) Control the corresponding power switch devices to close, detect the voltage and resistance of all M×N single cells respectively, and record the current battery status data; (3) Determine i single cells to be connected in series or parallel and then discharged according to the needs of the electrical equipment; (4) If it is found that the terminal voltages of the multiple battery groups formed by connecting the i single cells are different and the battery groups need to be connected in parallel, an adjustable resistor is connected in series with the battery group with the higher terminal voltage through the control of the power switch device, and the resistance value is adjusted so that the output voltages of the parallel branches are the same before the battery group branches are connected in parallel; The i mentioned in the above steps is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

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