A device for monitoring and identifying mountain river bed load based on microphone array

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a mountain river bed load monitoring and identifying device based on a microphone array, and relates to the field of mountain river bed load monitoring. The mountain river bed load monitoring and identifying device based on the microphone array comprises a monitoring and identifying device, a lifting assembly and a sand blocking assembly. The monitoring and identifying device comprises a concrete buffer layer, an external rubber buffer layer, a sensing box, an air-tight cylinder, a microphone sensing element, a sensing element and a bottom support. The sensing element is installed on the upper part of the sensing box and is flush with the riverbed surface. After the sensing element is impacted by the power of the river bed load, part of the impact energy is propagated in the form of air pressure shock wave in the sensing box. The microphone sensing element independently collects the air shock wave pressure in the sensing box and converts it into an electric signal. Through a bed load particle size-signal calibration function, the measurement of the bed load particle size can be realized. Through a beam forming algorithm, the identification of the space position of the bed load can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of bed load monitoring in mountainous rivers, and in particular to a device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array. Background Art

[0002] In the related technology, a device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array is used to monitor in real time the pressure shock waves generated by the impact of the bed load with the sensor plate during its movement, output and collect them in the form of electrical signals, and perform comprehensive inversion calculations on the monitoring signals. This monitoring method can accurately measure the spatial position and particle size composition of the bed load during its transportation in the river. The monitoring sensor device has stable performance and can provide a high-precision, continuous and reliable data source. In addition, the monitoring sensor equipment itself also needs to meet the characteristics of low installation cost, simple operation and convenient subsequent maintenance. However, there are currently few monitoring technology equipment that meet the above requirements and can adapt to the complex conditions in mountainous areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array. The device has the functions of spatially locating the bed load transport process in a river and determining the particle size composition of the bed load.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present application, a device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array includes: a monitoring and identification device, a lifting component, and a sand-trapping component.

[0005] The monitoring and identification equipment includes a concrete buffer layer, an external rubber buffer layer, a sensor box, an airtight cylinder, a microphone sensor element, a sensor part and a bottom support. The external rubber buffer layer is arranged inside the concrete buffer layer, the external rubber buffer layer is arranged around the sensor box, the airtight cylinder is installed inside the airtight cylinder, the microphone sensor element is installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the sensor box, the sensor part is sealed and connected to the opening at the top of the sensor box, the bottom support is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the sensor box, the lifting assembly is arranged between the concrete buffer layer and the external rubber buffer layer, and the sand retaining assembly is arranged between the concrete buffer layer and the lifting assembly.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present application, the microphone sensor elements are installed in an array form on the bottom plate of the sensor box, and the distance between the sensor boxes is no more than 170 mm.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the sensor box is made of high-strength low-carbon steel with a tensile strength of not less than 235 MPa. The box thickness is 10 mm and it is airtight and watertight.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, the sensing element includes a sensor plate, an internal rubber buffer layer, a support frame and a fastening bolt. The support frame is welded to the inner wall of the upper end of the sensor box, and the sensor box supports the internal rubber buffer layer through the support frame. The sensor plate is placed on the upper part of the internal rubber buffer layer, and the lower part of the fastening bolt is connected to the support frame and passes through the internal rubber buffer layer and the sensor plate.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the sensor plate and the top of the sensor box are sealed using a sealing ring.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the fastening bolt passes through the sensor plate, the internal rubber buffer layer and the support frame, and the fastening bolt applies a pre-tightening torque of not less than 25 Nm.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the support frame adopts equilateral angle steel, the side length of which is not less than 45 mm, the thickness is not less than 5 mm, and the cross-sectional area is not less than 4.3 square centimeters.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, a coordinate grid is engraved on the sensor plate.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the microphone sensor element is connected to a data transmission line, and the data transmission line passes through the sensor box.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the airtight cylinder is made of high-strength low-carbon steel with a thickness of not less than millimeters and there is no friction between the outer wall of the airtight cylinder and the inner wall of the sensor box.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the lifting assembly includes two lifting sleeves, a connecting support, a connecting rod, a lifting tube, a first gripping rod and a clamping nut, the four corners of the upper side of the concrete buffer layer are provided with sliding rods, the external rubber buffer layer is provided inside the lifting sleeve, the connecting support includes a sliding sleeve and a clamping plate, the clamping plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve, the two sliding sleeves are slidably sleeved on the two sliding rods at an opposite diagonal of the concrete buffer layer, the connecting rod is fixedly connected between the clamping plates, the lifting tube is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding sleeve, the lifting tube is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod, the first gripping rod is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two lifting tubes, the clamping nut is threadedly sleeved on the sliding rod, and the clamping nut is clamped on the top end of the lifting tube;

[0016] The cam is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and the cam is connected to the support frame by a toothed connection, and the toothed connection is fixedly mounted on the support frame.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the lifting sleeve includes a sleeve body and a protrusion, the protrusions are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, the external rubber buffer layer is elastically deformed and inserted into the sleeve body, and the protrusions are pressed against the outer wall of the external rubber buffer layer.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the sliding rod includes a rod body and a limiting plate, the limiting plate is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the rod body, and the rod body and the limiting plate are embedded in the concrete buffer layer.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, both the first grip bar and the second grip bar are provided with anti-slip covers.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, an opening is provided on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve, a river sand cleaning part is provided in the sliding sleeve, and the river sand cleaning part includes a rotating sleeve, a fixed rod, a mounting sleeve, a mounting plate, a cleaning brush, a fastening nut and a first connecting ring, the rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to the sliding rod, the rotating sleeve is located in the sliding sleeve, the fixed rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, the fixed rod passes through the opening of the sliding sleeve, the mounting sleeve is sleeved on the fixed rod, the fastening nut is threadedly connected to the end of the fixed rod, the fastening nut is pressed against the mounting sleeve, and the mounting plate is fixedly connected There is a lower side of the mounting sleeve, and the cleaning brush is arranged on the lower side of the mounting plate. The cleaning brush can sweep the upper surface of the sensor. The first connecting ring is fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plate away from one end of the rotating sleeve. Two rope racks are provided on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve. The rope rack includes a support rod and a positioning ring. One end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve, and the positioning ring is fixedly connected to the other end of the support rod. The two support rods are located on both sides of the lifting sleeve. A traction rope is fixedly connected to the first connecting ring, and the other end of the traction rope passes through the positioning ring. The traction rope can be tied to the first grip rod.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the monitoring and identification device is installed in the riverbed, with a sensor element mounted on top of a sensor box, the top of which is flush with the riverbed surface. After the sensor element is subjected to the dynamic impact of the river bed load, part of the impact energy propagates through the sensor box in the form of an air pressure shock wave. Each microphone sensor element independently collects the air shock wave pressure within the sensor box and converts it into an electrical signal. The bed load particle size can be measured using a bed load particle size-signal calibration function, and the bed load spatial position can be identified using a beamforming algorithm.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 3D schematic diagram of a device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a monitoring and identification device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 According to the embodiment of this application Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the magnified three-dimensional structure in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a lifting assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a lifting sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a sand retaining assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a sliding rod according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the river sand cleaning component according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Icons: 100-monitoring and identification equipment; 110-concrete buffer layer; 120-external rubber buffer layer; 130-sensor box; 140-airtight cylinder; 150-microphone sensor element; 160-sensor element; 161-sensor plate; 162-internal rubber buffer pad; 163-support frame; 164-fastening bolt; 170-bottom support; 180-sealing ring; 190-sliding rod; 191-rod body; 192-limiting plate; 200-lifting assembly; 210-lifting sleeve; 211-sleeve body; 212-bump; 220-connecting support; 221-sliding sleeve; 222-pressure Tightening plate; 230-connecting rod; 240-lifting pipe; 250-first gripping rod; 260-tightening nut; 270-river sand cleaning part; 271-rotating sleeve; 272-fixing rod; 273-mounting sleeve; 274-mounting plate; 275-cleaning brush; 276-fastening nut; 277-first connecting ring; 280-rope rack; 281-support rod; 282-positioning ring; 290-traction rope; 300-sand intercepting assembly; 310-sand intercepting sleeve; 320-sliding bracket; 330-fixing bracket; 340-compression spring; 350-connecting pipe; 360-second gripping rod; 370-anti-slip sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0035] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] The following describes a device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] See also Figures 1 to 9 According to the embodiment of the present application, the device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array includes: a monitoring and identification device 100, a lifting component 200 and a sand-trapping component 300. The monitoring and identification device 100 is used to realize the spatial positioning of the river bed load transportation process and the measurement of the bed load particle size components. The lifting component 200 is used to lift the monitoring and identification device 100 out of the water surface. The sand-trapping component 300 is used to prevent river sand from flowing into the concrete buffer layer after the monitoring and identification device 100 is separated from the concrete buffer layer.

[0038] See also Figure 2The monitoring and identification device 100 includes a concrete buffer layer 110, an external rubber buffer layer 120, a sensor box 130, an airtight cylinder 140, a microphone sensor element 150, a sensor part 160 and a bottom support 170. The external rubber buffer layer 120 is arranged inside the concrete buffer layer 110, and the external rubber buffer layer 120 is arranged around the sensor box 130 to isolate environmental noise. The airtight cylinder 140 is installed inside the airtight cylinder 140. The microphone sensor element 150 is installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the sensor box 130. The sensor part 160 is sealed and connected to the opening at the top of the sensor box 130. The bottom support 170 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the sensor box 130. The monitoring and identification device 100 is installed in the riverbed, and the sensor part 160 is installed on the upper part of the sensor box 130, and the top of the sensor part 160 is flush with the riverbed surface. The microphone sensor elements 150 in the sensor box 130 are arranged in an array. After the sensor element 160 is subjected to the dynamic impact of the river sediment, part of the impact energy propagates in the sensor box 130 in the form of an air pressure shock wave. Each microphone sensor element 150 independently collects the air shock wave pressure inside the sensor box 130 and converts it into an electrical signal. The sediment particle size can be measured by the sediment particle size-signal calibration function, and the sediment spatial position can be identified by the beamforming algorithm. The microphone sensor elements 150 are installed in an array on the bottom plate of the sensor box 130. The spacing between the sensor boxes 130 is no more than 170 mm. Multiple microphone sensor elements 150 are arranged at a certain distance at the bottom of the sensor box 130. The acoustic signal of the microphone sensor element 150 array is converted into the sound source intensity distribution of the monitoring sensing plane to achieve the purpose of monitoring and identifying the characteristic parameters of the sediment. The sensor housing 130 is made of high-strength low-carbon steel with a tensile strength of no less than 235 MPa. It is 10 mm thick and airtight and watertight. The microphone sensor element 150 is connected to a data transmission line that passes through the sensor housing 130. The monitoring and identification device 100 can be connected to an external data acquisition system and power supply system via the data transmission line. The airtight cylinder 140 is made of high-strength low-carbon steel with a thickness of no less than 2 mm. There is no friction between the outer wall of the airtight cylinder 140 and the inner wall of the sensor housing 130.

[0039] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The sensing member 160 includes a sensing plate 161, an inner rubber cushion layer 162, a support frame 163 welded to the inner wall of the upper end of the sensing box 130, and a fastening bolt 164. The sensing box 130 supports the inner rubber cushion layer 162 through the support frame 163. The sensing plate 161 is placed on the upper part of the inner rubber cushion layer 162. The lower part of the fastening bolt 164 is connected to the support frame 163 and penetrates the inner rubber cushion layer 162 and the sensing plate 161. The sensing plate 161 is sealed with a sealing ring 180 at the top of the sensing box 130 to prevent corrosion of the sensing elements inside the sensing box 130.

[0040] Referring to Figure 5 The fastening bolt 164 penetrates the sensing plate 161, the inner rubber cushion layer 162, and the support frame 163. The fastening bolt 164 applies a pre-tightening torque of not less than 25 Nm. The support frame 163 is an equilateral angle steel with a side length of not less than 45 mm, a thickness of not less than 5 mm, and a cross-sectional area of not less than 4.3 cm2. The sensing plate 161 is engraved with a coordinate grid.

[0041] Referring to Figure 6 In the related art, when the mountain river bed load monitoring and identifying device based on a microphone array encounters a fault, since the monitoring and identifying equipment is arranged in the concrete cushion layer in the river bed, when repair or maintenance is needed, the operator needs to enter the water and work underwater, causing great inconvenience. How to take out the monitoring and identifying equipment in the concrete cushion layer above the water surface becomes an urgent problem to be solved. After the monitoring and identifying equipment is taken out, a cavity is formed in the concrete cushion layer, and external river sand is easy to enter, causing inconvenience during reinstallation.

[0042] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention further adopts a technical solution in which the lifting assembly 200 is arranged between the concrete buffer layer 110 and the external rubber buffer layer 120. The lifting assembly 200 includes two lifting sleeves 210, a connecting support 220, a connecting rod 230, a lifting tube 240, a first gripping rod 250 and a clamping nut 260. Sliding rods 190 are provided at the four corners on the upper side of the concrete buffer layer 110. The sliding rods 190 are pre-embedded when the concrete buffer layer 110 is poured. The external rubber buffer layer 120 is arranged inside the lifting sleeve 210. The connecting support 220 includes a sliding sleeve 221 and a clamping plate 222. The clamping plate 222 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 221, and the clamping plate 222 and the sliding sleeve 221 are an integrated structure. The two sliding sleeves 221 are slidably connected to the two sliding rods 190 at one diagonal corner of the concrete buffer layer 110. The connecting rod 230 is fixedly connected between the pressure plates 222 and is welded to the pressure plates 222. The lifting tube 240 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding sleeve 221 and is welded to the upper end of the sliding sleeve 221. The lifting tube 240 is slidably mounted on the sliding rod 190. The first gripping rod 250 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two lifting tubes 240 and is welded to the upper ends of the two lifting tubes 240. The compression nut 260 is threadedly mounted on the sliding rod 190 and is pressed against the top ends of the lifting tubes 240. The lifting sleeve 210 includes a sleeve body 211 and protrusions 212. The protrusions 212 are evenly spaced on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 221. The outer rubber buffer layer 120 is elastically deformed and snapped into the sleeve body 211. The protrusions 212 are pressed against the outer wall of the outer rubber buffer layer 120.

[0043] See also Figure 7The sand-trapping assembly 300 is arranged between the concrete buffer layer 110 and the lifting assembly 200. The sand-trapping assembly 300 includes a sand-trapping sleeve 310, two sliding brackets 320, two fixed brackets 330, a compression spring 340, a connecting pipe 350, and a second gripping rod 360. The sand-trapping sleeve 310 is slidably mounted in the concrete buffer layer 110. The lifting sleeve 210 is slidably inserted into the sand-trapping sleeve 310. The lower end of the sliding bracket 320 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sand-trapping sleeve 310. The upper end of the sliding bracket 320 is slidably mounted on the two sliding rods 190 at the other diagonal corners of the concrete buffer layer 110. The two ends of the fixed bracket 330 are slidably mounted on the sliding rod 190, and the two ends of the fixed bracket 330 cross the upper end of the sliding bracket 320. The compression spring 340 is mounted on the sliding rod 190, and the lower end of the compression spring 340 is pressed tightly against the lower end of the fixed bracket 330. The upper end of the compression spring 340 is pressed against the upper end of the sliding bracket 320, and the compression plate 222 is pressed against the upper end of the sand-trapping sleeve 310. The connecting tube 350 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed bracket 330. The connecting tube 350 slides over the sliding rod 190, and the compression nut 260 is pressed against the top of the connecting tube 350. A second gripping rod 360 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two connecting tubes 350. When the monitoring and identification equipment fails or needs maintenance, the tightening nut 260 is unscrewed, so that the tightening nut 260 leaves the sliding rod 190, and the lifting tube 240 is lifted by the first gripping rod 250. The lifting tube 240 drives the sliding sleeve 221, and the sliding sleeve 221 drives the lifting sleeve 210 to rise through the pressing plate 222, and the lifting sleeve 210 drives the sensor box 130 inside it to leave the concrete buffer layer 110 until the sensor box 130 is above the water surface. The removed sensor box 130 can be maintained and repaired, reducing the need for personnel to enter the water to repair and maintain the monitoring and identification equipment. When monitoring and identifying the equipment, the sand retaining sleeve 310 is under the elastic force of the compression spring 340, and the compression spring 340 pushes the sliding bracket 320, and the sliding bracket 320 drives the sand retaining sleeve 310 to rise. The raised sand retaining sleeve 310 can block the surrounding river sand, reducing the river sand from entering the cavity in the concrete buffer layer, affecting the problem of reinstallation of the monitoring and identification equipment. The first grip bar 250 and the second grip bar 360 are both provided with an anti-slip cover 370 , which improves the comfort of a person holding the first grip bar 250 and the second grip bar 360 .

[0044] See also Figure 8 Sliding rod 190 includes a rod body 191 and a limiting plate 192. Limiting plate 192 is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of rod body 191. Limiting plate 192 increases the resistance between rod body 191 and concrete buffer layer 110, reducing the movement of rod body 191. Rod body 191 and limiting plate 192 are embedded in concrete buffer layer 110.

[0045] See also Figure 9In the related technology, the mountain river bed load monitoring and identification device based on the microphone array uses a lifting component to remove the monitoring and identification equipment. How to use the existing lifting component to modify it so that the surface of the monitoring and identification equipment is easy to clean has also become an urgent problem to be solved. When the monitoring and identification equipment accumulates river sand, it is easy to cause errors in the monitoring and identification equipment's recognition.

[0046] After long-term practical research, the inventors have solved this technical problem. The present invention also provides: an opening is provided on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 221. A river sand cleaning member 270 is provided inside the sliding sleeve 221. The river sand cleaning member 270 includes a rotating sleeve 271, a fixed rod 272, a mounting sleeve 273, a mounting plate 274, a cleaning brush 275, a fastening nut 276, and a first connecting ring 277. The rotating sleeve 271 is rotatably connected to the sliding rod 190 and is located inside the sliding sleeve 221. The fixed rod 272 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating sleeve 271. The fixed rod 272 passes through the opening of the sliding sleeve 221, and the mounting sleeve 273 is sleeved on the fixed rod 272. The fastening nut 276 is threadedly connected to the end of the fixed rod 272 and is pressed against the mounting sleeve 273. The mounting plate 274 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting sleeve 273, and the cleaning brush 275 is arranged on the lower side of the mounting plate 274. The cleaning brush 275 can sweep across the upper surface of the sensor 160. The first connecting ring 277 is fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plate 274 away from the end of the rotating sleeve 271. Two rope racks 280 are provided on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 221. The rope rack 280 includes a support rod 281 and a positioning ring 282. One end of the support rod 281 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 221, and the positioning ring 282 is fixedly connected to the other end of the support rod 281. The two support rods 281 are located on both sides of the lifting sleeve 210, and a traction rope 290 is fixedly connected to the first connecting ring 277. The other end of the traction rope 290 passes through the positioning ring 282, and the traction rope 290 can be tied to the first handle 250. When using the river sand cleaning member 270 to clean river sand, the two traction ropes 290 are pulled. The two traction ropes 290 slide along the positioning ring 282, and the traction ropes 290 drive the mounting plate 274 and the cleaning brush 275 to rotate around the rotating sleeve 271. The cleaning brush 275 removes river sand from the surface of the monitoring and identification device, reducing the recognition errors caused by the accumulation of river sand. The rotating sleeve 271 is set within the sliding sleeve 221, so that the rotating sleeve 271 can slide along the sliding rod 190 with the sliding sleeve 221. The support rod 281 and the positioning ring 282 are also rooted and fixed by the sliding sleeve 221, and can move with the sliding sleeve 221, making it easy to perform corresponding maintenance and replacement on the water surface.

[0047] Specifically, the working principle of the mountain river bed load monitoring and identifying device based on microphone array is as follows: when in use, the sensing box 130 is placed in the riverbed area to be monitored, the metal sensing plate 161 is flush with the riverbed surface, and the metal sensing plate 161 is tightly wrapped around the four sides except the top and bottom by the external rubber buffer layer 120, the airtight cylinder 140 is installed in the sensing box 130 to stably transmit the shock wave pressure, the microphone sensing element 150 is installed at the bottom of the sensing box 130, the microphone sensing element 150 is arranged in an array form to record the sound pressure shock wave formed by the impact of the bed load in all directions, the support frame 163 is welded in the sensing box 130, and the metal sensing plate 161 and the internal rubber buffer layer 162 are connected by the fastening bolt 164, which can provide stable support force and buffering effect to reduce the damage to the inside of the sensing box 130, in addition, the coordinate grid is engraved on the top surface of the metal sensing plate 161 to calibrate the monitoring accuracy and simulate the sound source intensity distribution, the device can realize long-term, continuous and high-precision monitoring and identifying of the mountain river bed load, the cost is controllable, and the device is suitable for popularization and use.

[0048] When the monitoring and identifying device fails or needs to be maintained, the compression nut 260 is unscrewed to make the compression nut 260 away from the sliding rod 190, the lifting pipe 240 is lifted by the first handle 250, the lifting pipe 240 drives the sliding sleeve 221, the sliding sleeve 221 drives the lifting sleeve 210 to rise through the compression plate 222, the lifting sleeve 210 drives the sensing box 130 in the lifting sleeve 210 to move away from the concrete buffer layer 110 until the sensing box 130 is above the water surface, the sensing box 130 is removed for maintenance and repair, which reduces the situation that personnel enter the water to repair and maintain the monitoring and identifying device, when the monitoring and identifying device is in use, the sand blocking sleeve 310 is lifted by the sliding support 320 driven by the compression spring 340, the sliding support 320 drives the sand blocking sleeve 310 to rise, the rising sand blocking sleeve 310 can block the surrounding river sand, which reduces the problem that the river sand enters the cavity in the concrete buffer layer and affects the reinstallation of the monitoring and identifying device. The anti-skid sleeve 370 is arranged on the first handle 250 and the second handle 360 to improve the comfort of personnel holding the first handle 250 and the second handle 360.

[0049] When using the river sand cleaning member 270 to clean river sand, the two traction ropes 290 are pulled. The two traction ropes 290 slide along the positioning ring 282, and the traction ropes 290 drive the mounting plate 274 and the cleaning brush 275 to rotate around the rotating sleeve 271. The cleaning brush 275 removes river sand from the surface of the monitoring and identification device, reducing the recognition errors caused by the accumulation of river sand. The rotating sleeve 271 is set within the sliding sleeve 221, so that the rotating sleeve 271 can slide along the sliding rod 190 with the sliding sleeve 221. The support rod 281 and the positioning ring 282 are also rooted and fixed by the sliding sleeve 221, and can move with the sliding sleeve 221, making it easy to perform corresponding maintenance and replacement on the water surface.

[0050] It should be noted that the specific model and specifications of the microphone sensor element 150 need to be selected and determined based on the actual specifications of the device, and the specific selection calculation method adopts the existing technology in this field, so it will not be detailed again.

[0051] The power supply and principle of the microphone sensor element 150 are clear to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0052] The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may be subject to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following figures. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array, characterized in that: include: A monitoring and identification device (100), the monitoring and identification device (100) comprising a concrete buffer layer (110), an external rubber buffer layer (120), a sensor box (130), an airtight cylinder (140), a microphone sensor element (150), a sensor component (160) and a bottom support (170), wherein the external rubber buffer layer (120) is arranged inside the concrete buffer layer (110), the external rubber buffer layer (120) is arranged around the sensor box (130), the airtight cylinder (140) is installed inside the airtight cylinder (140), the microphone sensor element (150) is installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the sensor box (130), the sensor component (160) is sealed and connected to the opening at the top of the sensor box (130), and the bottom support (170) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the sensor box (130); The invention also includes a lifting assembly (200) and a sand-trapping assembly (300). The lifting assembly (200) is arranged between the concrete buffer layer (110) and the external rubber buffer layer (120). The lifting assembly (200) includes two lifting sleeves (210), a connecting support (220), a connecting rod (230), a lifting pipe (240), a first gripping rod (250) and a pressing nut (260). Sliding rods (190) are provided at the four corners of the upper side of the concrete buffer layer (110). The external rubber buffer layer (120) is arranged inside the lifting sleeve (210). The connecting support (220) includes a sliding sleeve (221) and a pressing plate (222). The pressing plate (222) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (221), the two sliding sleeves (221) are slidably sleeved on the two sliding rods (190) at a diagonal angle of the concrete buffer layer (110), the connecting rod (230) is fixedly connected between the pressing plates (222), the lifting tube (240) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding sleeve (221), the lifting tube (240) is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod (190), the first gripping rod (250) is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two lifting tubes (240), the clamping nut (260) is threadedly sleeved on the sliding rod (190), and the clamping nut (260) is pressed against the top end of the lifting tube (240); The sand-trapping assembly (300) is arranged between the concrete buffer layer (110) and the lifting assembly (200). The sand-trapping assembly (300) comprises a sand-trapping sleeve (310), two sliding brackets (320), two fixed brackets (330), a compression spring (340), a connecting pipe (350) and a second gripping rod (360). The sand-trapping sleeve (310) is slidably sleeved in the concrete buffer layer (110). The sliding sleeve (221) is slidably inserted in the sand-trapping sleeve (310). The lower end of the sliding bracket (320) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sand-trapping sleeve (310). The upper end of the sliding bracket (320) is slidably sleeved on the two sliding rods (190) at the other diagonal of the concrete buffer layer (110). The two ends of the fixed bracket (330) are slidably sleeved on the slide bar (190), the two ends of the fixed bracket (330) cross the upper end of the slide bracket (320), the compression spring (340) is sleeved on the slide bar (190), the lower end of the compression spring (340) is pressed against the lower end of the fixed bracket (330), the upper end of the compression spring (340) is pressed against the upper end of the slide bracket (320), the connecting tube (350) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed bracket (330), the connecting tube (350) is slidably sleeved on the slide bar (190), the clamping nut (260) is pressed against the top end of the connecting tube (350), and the second gripping rod (360) is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two connecting tubes (350); An opening is provided on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (221). A river sand cleaning member (270) is provided in the sliding sleeve (221). The river sand cleaning member (270) comprises a rotating sleeve (271), a fixing rod (272), a mounting sleeve (273), a mounting plate (274), a cleaning brush (275), a fastening nut (276) and a first connecting ring (277). The rotating sleeve (271) is rotatably connected to the sliding rod (190). The rotating sleeve (271) is located In the sliding sleeve (221), the fixing rod (272) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (271), the fixing rod (272) passes through the opening of the sliding sleeve (221), the mounting sleeve (273) is sleeved on the fixing rod (272), the fastening nut (276) is threadedly connected to the end of the fixing rod (272), the fastening nut (276) is pressed against the mounting sleeve (273), and the mounting plate (274) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (274). The cleaning brush (275) is arranged on the lower side of the mounting sleeve (273), and the cleaning brush (275) is arranged on the lower side of the mounting plate (274). The cleaning brush (275) can sweep the upper surface of the sensor (160). The first connecting ring (277) is fixedly connected to both sides of the mounting plate (274) away from one end of the rotating sleeve (271). Two rope racks (280) are arranged on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (221). The rope rack (280) includes a support rod (281) and a positioning ring (282). One end of the support rod (281) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (221), and the positioning ring (282) is fixedly connected to the other end of the support rod (281). The two support rods (281) are located on both sides of the lifting sleeve (210). A traction rope (290) is fixedly connected to the first connecting ring (277), and the other end of the traction rope (290) passes through the positioning ring (282). The traction rope (290) can be tied to the first gripping rod (250).

2. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The microphone sensor elements (150) are mounted on the bottom plate of the sensor box (130) in an array form, and the spacing between the sensor boxes (130) is no more than 170 mm.

3. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor box (130) is made of high-strength low-carbon steel with a tensile strength of not less than 235 MPa, a box thickness of 10 mm, and is airtight and watertight.

4. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensing element (160) includes a sensing plate (161), an internal rubber buffer layer (162), a support frame (163) and a fastening bolt (164). The support frame (163) is welded to the inner wall of the upper end of the sensing housing (130). The sensing housing (130) supports the internal rubber buffer layer (162) through the support frame (163). The sensing plate (161) is placed on the upper part of the internal rubber buffer layer (162). The lower part of the fastening bolt (164) is connected to the support frame (163) and passes through the internal rubber buffer layer (162) and the sensing plate (161).

5. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The sensing plate (161) and the top of the sensing housing (130) are sealed using a sealing ring (180).

6. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fastening bolt (164) passes through the sensor plate (161), the internal rubber buffer layer (162), and the support frame (163), and the fastening bolt (164) applies a pre-tightening torque of not less than 25 Nm.

7. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The support frame (163) is made of equilateral angle steel, with a side length of not less than 45 mm, a thickness of not less than 5 mm, and a cross-sectional area of ​​not less than 4.3 square centimeters.

8. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A coordinate grid is depicted on the sensing plate (161).

9. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microphone sensor element (150) is connected to a data transmission line, and the data transmission line passes through the sensor box (130).

10. The device for monitoring and identifying bed load in mountainous rivers based on a microphone array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airtight cylinder (140) is made of high-strength low-carbon steel, has a thickness of not less than 2 mm, and has no friction between the outer wall of the airtight cylinder (140) and the inner wall of the sensor housing (130).

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