A method for constructing normal flight operation procedures for aircraft

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for an aircraft, comprising: constructing a system and describing system functions for the aircraft by setting each flight phase in the normal flight operating procedures for the aircraft model; determining each system function in the aircraft as an analysis object, and performing system and intra-system equipment operation analysis, operation logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis on each system function, thereby constructing a normal flight operating procedure for the aircraft; and further, generating an analysis record of the normal flight operating procedure during the process of constructing the normal flight operating procedure. The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention solves the current problem of the lack of a standardized analysis method for constructing normal flight operating procedures, breaking the foreign technology blockade and addressing the technological gap in this field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to, but is not limited to, aircraft flight procedure analysis, and more particularly to a method for constructing normal aircraft flight operation procedures. Background Art

[0002] Aircraft flight operating procedures are known to include standard procedures and related information necessary for the flight crew to safely and effectively operate the aircraft under various circumstances, including normal flight operating procedures, abnormal flight operating procedures, emergency flight operating procedures, and supplementary procedures, and clearly define the division of labor within the crew. Normal flight operating procedures are designed based on the normal operation of all systems and the normal use of automatic functions, and include checks, preparations, and procedures. Normal flight operating procedures include procedures that must be completed for every flight, usually in the order of flight phases, covering all possible normal operational actions from external safety checks to leaving the aircraft. These procedures are used by the flight crew during each flight mission to ensure the aircraft is in normal condition and the cockpit is configured correctly.

[0003] Currently, normal flight operating procedures are only available through publicly available aircraft crew operating manuals, but their analysis methods and construction process are unknown. Furthermore, the flight manuals and crew operating manuals of domestic civil aircraft manufacturers currently lack relevant technical requirements and standard methods for normal flight operating procedures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the present invention: To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for aircraft, thereby resolving the problem that there is currently no standardized analysis method for constructing normal flight operating procedures, and also resolving the problem of designing normal flight operating procedures in flight manuals and crew operating manuals for domestic aircraft, especially domestically produced large civil aircraft.

[0005] Technical solution of the present invention: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft, comprising:

[0006] By setting the various flight phases in the normal flight operation procedures of the aircraft model, the aircraft system is constructed and the system functions are described; the various system functions in the aircraft as analysis objects are determined, and the system and equipment operation analysis, operation logic analysis, conflict judgment, and crew division of labor analysis are performed on each system function, thereby constructing the normal flight operation procedures of the aircraft.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure, step 1 includes:

[0008] Step 1: Set the flight phases in the normal flight operation procedures of the aircraft type, wherein the flight phases include: external safety check phase, initial cockpit preparation phase, external check phase, cockpit preparation phase, pushback or pre-start phase, engine start phase, post-start phase, taxi phase, pre-takeoff phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent preparation phase, descent phase, approach phase, landing phase, missed approach phase, post-landing phase, arrival / engine shutdown phase, and deplaning phase.

[0009] Step 2: Build multiple systems in the aircraft based on the aircraft design requirements and describe the system functions of each system;

[0010] Step 3: Based on the constructed aircraft systems and system function descriptions, determine the analysis objects of each aircraft system;

[0011] Step 4: Perform the following analyses in sequence based on the analysis objects determined in Step 3: system and device operation analysis, operation logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis; and construct the normal flight operation procedures for the aircraft through various analyses.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing the normal flight operation procedure of an aircraft, step 2 includes:

[0013] Based on the ATA sections and aircraft design requirements, construct the systems used by the aircraft in each flight phase and describe the functions of each system in the aircraft. The system function description includes the system composition, system function principles, EICAS information related to each system, and indication and warning information.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure, step 3 includes:

[0015] For each system function in each system, whether it complies with unit operation and unit monitoring is judged from the perspective of operation, and the system functions that at least comply with unit operation or unit monitoring are identified as analysis objects.

[0016] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing a normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft, the operation analysis of the system and each device within the system in step 4 includes:

[0017] Conduct operational analysis of the system and its equipment based on the flight phases, operating environments, and response conditions corresponding to the functions of each system in the aircraft, as well as the input-output relationship between this system and other systems.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing a normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft, the operation logic analysis in step 4 includes:

[0019] An operational logic analysis is conducted on each system and each device within the system based on the flight phases during which they operate and the crew's operating sequence. Factors considered during the operational logic analysis include: the flight phases during which each system and device operates, the operational logic and time sequence within each system and device, the operating sequence between systems, the input-output relationships between systems, the location of operations involved in each system within the cockpit, the responsibilities and operational capabilities of the crew and other mission operators, as well as operator policies, flight envelopes, operating standards, and economic requirements.

[0020] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure, the conflict determination in step 4 includes:

[0021] Determine whether the operating logic of each system and each device within the system meets the coordination requirements with the flight cockpit design. When a conflict is determined, rebuild the normal flight operating procedures or redesign the system or flight cockpit in the aircraft.

[0022] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing normal aircraft flight operation procedures, the crew division of labor analysis in step 4 includes:

[0023] Clearly describe the flight crew's tasks and responsibilities in each phase of flight; divide the work according to the responsibilities of the PF, PM and flight engineer.

[0024] Optionally, in the above-mentioned method for constructing the normal flight operation procedure of an aircraft, the step 4 of constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft includes:

[0025] Based on the analyses in step 4 performed sequentially for each analysis object (i.e., each system function), a preliminary draft of a normal flight operation procedure based on the coupling of system functions and operation logic is developed; the preliminary draft of the normal flight operation procedure is summarized and organized according to the flight phases of step 1, and the normal flight operation procedures are sorted according to the reasonable order of the crew's work to form a normal flight operation procedure based on different flight phases.

[0026] Optionally, the method for constructing the normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft as described above further includes:

[0027] Step 5: In the process of constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft, an analysis record of the normal flight operation procedure is formed;

[0028] The analysis record content is represented by the contents recorded in the analysis object determination table, the system and each device operation analysis table within the system, and the analysis record table of the normal flight operation procedure.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a normal flight operating procedure for an aircraft, specifically a method for constructing a normal flight operating procedure for an aircraft based on the coupling of system functions and operation logic. The method constructs a system and describes the system functions of the aircraft by setting each flight phase in the normal flight operating procedure of the aircraft model; determines each system function in the aircraft as an analysis object, and performs system and intra-system equipment operation analysis, operation logic analysis, conflict judgment, and crew division of labor analysis on each system function, thereby constructing a normal flight operating procedure for the aircraft; in addition, a normal flight operating procedure analysis record is formed in the above-mentioned process of constructing the normal flight operating procedure for the aircraft.

[0030] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention establishes an analysis logic diagram of the normal flight operation procedure. According to the system functions and program objectives, it clarifies the operations or monitoring contents required by the flight crew in each flight phase, so as to improve the rationality and completeness of the operation items and ensure that all actions can be completed in the most effective manner to ensure that the aircraft meets the requirements of safe flight. The method for constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft proposed in the embodiment of the present invention solves the problem that there is currently no standardized analysis method for constructing normal flight operation procedures, breaks the foreign technology blockade, and breaks through the technological gap in this field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the analysis logic of a method for constructing a normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other in any manner.

[0034] As explained in the above background technology, the normal flight operation procedures can only be obtained through the publicly available aircraft crew operation manuals, but the analysis method and construction process are unknown. In addition, the flight manuals and crew operation manuals of domestic civil aircraft manufacturers currently do not contain relevant technical requirements and standard methods for normal flight operation procedures. Each aircraft manufacturer usually obtains the normal flight operation procedures for newly developed aircraft by referring to publicly released flight manuals and crew operation manuals of other foreign models (such as Boeing and Airbus aircraft) and past experience. However, the above-mentioned method of obtaining the normal flight operation procedures for newly developed aircraft does not take the coupling of the aircraft's system functions and operation logic as the design focus, but is a program construction method that is purely based on experience, which is difficult to accurately reflect the relationship between the system functions and operation logic of the newly developed aircraft in each flight phase.

[0035] In order to ensure the safe operation of aircraft, solve the problem of no relevant analysis methods in normal flight operation procedures, break the technical gap in this field, break the relevant technical difficulties of foreign technology blockade, and solve the design problems of normal flight operation procedures in flight manuals and crew operation manuals of domestic aircraft, especially domestic large civil aircraft. An embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for constructing normal flight operation procedures for aircraft. The method constructs normal flight operation procedures for aircraft based on the coupling of system functions and operation logic; the normal flight operation procedures for aircraft constructed by this method can ensure that the flight crew operation process is a series of operations and monitoring performed according to the memory and standardized inspection sequence of the cockpit panel to realize the aircraft configuration and system settings (except for actions that need to be completed first according to logic), ensure that the aircraft meets the requirements for entering the next flight phase, and can ensure that all actions are completed in the most efficient manner.

[0036] The present invention provides the following specific embodiments that can be combined with each other. The same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0037] The method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for aircraft provided in an embodiment of the present invention determines normal flight operating procedure items by analyzing aircraft design documents, and compiles normal flight operating procedures based on normal flight operating procedure design plans and related procedure analysis record sheets. In addition, the method clarifies the tasks and responsibilities of the flight crew in each flight phase, performs complex routine operations according to the normal operating procedures, ensures that the aircraft is in normal condition and the cockpit is correctly configured, and ensures safe flight of the aircraft.

[0038] The main construction method of the construction method of the normal flight operation procedure of an aircraft provided by an embodiment of the present invention is: by setting each flight phase in the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft model, the system construction and system function description of the aircraft are performed; the various system functions in the aircraft as analysis objects are determined, and the system and equipment operation analysis, operation logic analysis, conflict judgment, and crew division of labor analysis are performed on each system function, thereby constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft.

[0039] Specifically, the method for constructing the above-mentioned normal flight operation procedures for aircraft may include the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Set the flight phase in the normal flight operation procedure for the aircraft type;

[0041] Step 2: Build multiple systems in the aircraft based on the aircraft design requirements and describe the system functions of each system;

[0042] Step 3: Based on the constructed aircraft systems and system function descriptions, determine the analysis objects of each aircraft system;

[0043] Step 4: Perform the following analyses in sequence based on the analysis objects determined in Step 3: system and device operation analysis, operation logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis; and construct the normal flight operation procedures for the aircraft through various analyses.

[0044] Furthermore, the method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure provided by an embodiment of the present invention may further include:

[0045] Step 5: In the process of constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft, an analysis record form of the normal flight operation procedure is formed; it mainly includes: Table 1 - Determination of analysis object table, Table 2 - Operation analysis table of the system and each device in the system, Table 3 - Analysis record table of normal flight operation procedure.

[0046] The method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for aircraft provided in an embodiment of the present invention first defines the various flight phases of the normal flight operating procedures for each aircraft type. These conventional flight phases include: external safety check phase, initial cockpit preparation phase, external check phase, cockpit preparation phase, pushback or pre-start phase, engine start phase, post-start phase, taxi phase, pre-takeoff phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent preparation phase, descent phase, approach phase, landing phase, missed approach phase, post-landing phase, arrival / engine shutdown phase, and deplaning phase. Defining the corresponding flight phases for each aircraft type allows for the next step of analysis and design of the normal flight operating procedures.

[0047] In embodiments of the present invention, the process and method for constructing normal flight operating procedures may include constructing descriptions of multiple systems and system functions within an aircraft, identifying each system function that can be analyzed, and performing system and intra-system equipment operation analysis, operational logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis on each system function, thereby constructing the aircraft's normal flight operating procedures through various analyses. The process and analysis results of the normal flight operating procedures described above may form a process, and subsequently, according to this process, relevant records may be obtained by analyzing the system function descriptions, system and intra-system equipment operation analysis, operational logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis, thereby generating relevant results.

[0048] It should be noted that the analysis record of the normal flight operation procedure includes flight phases, sub-phases, phase / sub-phase objectives, system sections, system functions, procedure breakdown, specific operation steps and information, crew division of labor, etc. The relevant results are recorded according to the relevant requirements of Tables 1 to 3 in the following embodiment to finally complete the relevant steps of constructing the normal flight operation procedure.

[0049] The method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for aircraft provided in an embodiment of the present invention is specifically a method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for aircraft based on the coupling of system functions and operational logic. This method constructs the aircraft system and describes the system functions by setting each flight phase in the normal flight operating procedures for the aircraft model. The method then determines each system function in the aircraft as an analysis target and performs system and intra-system equipment operation analysis, operational logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis on each system function, thereby constructing the normal flight operating procedures for the aircraft. Furthermore, a normal flight operating procedure analysis record is generated during the process of constructing the normal flight operating procedures for the aircraft. The technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention establishes an analysis logic diagram for the normal flight operating procedures and, based on the system functions and procedure objectives, clarifies the operations or monitoring content required by the flight crew at each flight phase, thereby improving the rationality and completeness of the operational items and ensuring that all actions can be completed in the most efficient manner, thereby ensuring that the aircraft meets safe flight requirements. The method for constructing normal flight operating procedures for aircraft provided in an embodiment of the present invention solves the current problem of the lack of a standardized analysis method for constructing normal flight operating procedures, breaking through the foreign technology blockade and addressing the technological gap in this field.

[0050] The following is a schematic illustration of the implementation of the method for constructing the normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft provided by the present invention through a specific embodiment.

[0051] In this specific embodiment, based on the coupling of system functions and operation logic, and in combination with the aircraft flight manual and the flight crew operation manual, a specific method for constructing normal flight operation procedures is proposed to provide support for the normal operation of the aircraft.

[0052] The following three parts describe the method for constructing the normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft provided in this specific embodiment, mainly including: the definition of the flight phase in the normal flight operation procedure, the construction process of the normal flight operation procedure, and the analysis record of the normal flight operation procedure.

[0053] 1 Definition of flight phases in normal flight operating procedures

[0054] 1.1 External security inspection stage

[0055] This phase is when the crew arrives at the aircraft but has not yet boarded. During this phase, the crew should check for obstacles, personnel, and other factors that could affect powering on and the safe operation of equipment.

[0056] 1.2 Initial cockpit preparation phase

[0057] This phase should include pre-seat inspection, safety inspection before powering on the aircraft (to prevent system operation due to negligence, which may cause harm to the aircraft and personnel), power-on procedure, fire test and APU start-up (or connection to external power), inspection after APU is available or connected to external power, cockpit environment adjustment, and system diagram page inspection.

[0058] 1.3 External Inspection Phase

[0059] This phase provides an inspection of the overall condition of the aircraft and whether visible components and equipment are safe for flight. The inspection should be divided into external areas of the aircraft and inspected according to a given route around the aircraft.

[0060] 1.4 Cockpit preparation phase

[0061] During this phase, the aircraft systems should be checked and set up in sequence according to the designated panel inspection sequence diagram and crew task division to ensure that all systems are in normal condition.

[0062] 1.5 Launch or pre-launch phase

[0063] This phase provides the operations and inspection procedures that need to be performed before pushing out or starting the engine.

[0064] 1.6 Engine starting phase

[0065] This phase begins when the crew takes action to move the aircraft from its parked position and / or activates the power switch to start the engine and ends when the engine start is complete. This phase should outline the operations and checklists required of the crew from the time the engine start is requested until the engine start is complete (including the steps for a normal start and the criteria for stable engine operation).

[0066] 1.7 Post-startup phase

[0067] This phase begins when the engine is started and ends when the aircraft moves under its own power. This phase provides the operations and check procedures required after the engine start is complete and before the taxi request is issued to ground control.

[0068] 1.8 Sliding phase

[0069] This phase begins when the aircraft taxis under its own power and ends before the aircraft enters the designated runway. This phase provides the operations and inspection procedures required after issuing a taxi request and obtaining ground personnel's permission, but before entering the designated runway.

[0070] 1.9 Pre-takeoff phase

[0071] This phase begins when the aircraft begins to enter the runway and ends with the increase of thrust for takeoff. This phase provides the procedures required to obtain takeoff or runway access clearance until the captain gives the takeoff order.

[0072] 1.10 Takeoff Phase

[0073] This phase begins with the captain giving the takeoff order and ends with establishing the operations and check procedures required for the initial climb. This includes both land and water takeoffs. For water takeoffs, the following situations need to be considered:

[0074] a) Normal takeoff. Before normal takeoff, first determine the wind direction and choose the takeoff route. Seaplane takeoff can be divided into four sub-stages:

[0075] 1) Drainage sub-stage;

[0076] 2) The prodigal stage;

[0077] 3) Water sliding sub-stage;

[0078] 4) Lift-off sub-stage.

[0079] b) Crosswind takeoff. Crosswind takeoff requires counteracting the effects of side forces, which can cause the aircraft to overturn if the pilot does not make corrections.

[0080] c) Take off with a tailwind. When taking off with a tailwind, pay attention to the following points:

[0081] 1) Taking off into a tailwind significantly increases the takeoff distance of a seaplane compared to a landplane.

[0082] 2) In some cases, due to obstacles or water movement, it is more advantageous to take off with the wind than against the wind;

[0083] 3) In any case, a comprehensive understanding of the seaplane's takeoff performance is essential.

[0084] d) Takeoff from mirror-surface water: Due to the influence of surface tension, an aircraft needs to overcome greater additional resistance when taking off from mirror-surface water.

[0085] e) Takeoff from choppy water. Choppy water has a significant impact on the safety of a seaplane's takeoff and the structure of its floats. The pilot must determine whether a safe takeoff can be guaranteed based on the size of the seaplane, wing loading, and power loading.

[0086] f) Takeoff from confined waters. If operating in confined waters, you can adopt a strategy of first rolling downwind and then turning into the wind for takeoff. The prerequisite is that the area of ​​the water must be large enough to allow the aircraft to perform a large radius taxi turn.

[0087] 1.11 Climbing phase

[0088] This phase begins when the aircraft reaches a specific speed and flight conditions that allow the aircraft to increase the altitude required for cruising purposes and ends when the aircraft reaches a predetermined constant initial cruising altitude at a certain speed. This phase includes initial climb and en route climb.

[0089] 1.12 Cruise Phase

[0090] This phase begins with the aircraft flying in the direction of the destination at a specified speed and a predetermined constant initial cruising altitude and ends with the aircraft beginning its descent for the purpose of the approach.

[0091] 1.13 Descent preparation phase

[0092] This phase provides the operational and inspection procedures before obtaining descent permission, and descent preparations must be completed before the apex of descent.

[0093] 1.14 Descending phase

[0094] This phase begins when the aircraft leaves cruising altitude for the purpose of approaching to a specific point and ends when the crew begins to change the aircraft configuration and speed to facilitate landing on a specific runway.

[0095] 1.15 Approach Phase

[0096] This phase begins when the crew begins to change the aircraft configuration and speed so that the aircraft can maneuver for landing on a specific runway and ends when the aircraft is in landing configuration and the crew can focus on landing on the designated runway.

[0097] 1.16 Landing Phase

[0098] This phase begins when the aircraft is in landing configuration and the crew is focused on touching down on the designated runway. This phase ends when the aircraft is decelerated to the permitted taxi speed so that it can taxi to the parking position at the permitted taxi speed. The landing phase mainly considers the following situations:

[0099] a) Survey of the landing area;

[0100] b) normal landing;

[0101] c) crosswind landing;

[0102] d) Landing with a tailwind;

[0103] e) Mirror water landing;

[0104] f) Landing on a rough water surface;

[0105] g) Dolphin jump.

[0106] 1.17 Go-around phase

[0107] This phase begins when the crew interrupts the descent during the approach phase and ends with the establishment of the aircraft speed and configuration at a defined altitude (the same position as the end of the initial climb).

[0108] 1.18 Post-landing phase

[0109] This phase begins when the crew begins to control the aircraft to taxi at a certain speed under its own power, and ends when the aircraft reaches the parking position.

[0110] 1.19 Arrival / Engine Shutdown Phase

[0111] This phase begins when the crew maneuvers the aircraft to the parking position and ends when the aircraft engines are shut down.

[0112] 1.20 Off-camera phase

[0113] This phase begins when the crew begins shutting down nonessential aircraft systems in preparation for leaving the cockpit and ends when the crew leaves the aircraft.

[0114] It should be noted that the above-mentioned stages set in the embodiment of the present invention are stages involved in normal flight operations of conventional aircraft. Some aircraft may select some of the stages, and some aircraft may have more flight stages based on their characteristics.

[0115] 2. Construction process of normal flight operation procedures

[0116] like Figure 1 The figure below is a schematic diagram of the analysis logic of a method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention. By establishing the various aircraft systems and their functions, as well as the design objectives of the normal aircraft flight operation procedure, the required operations or monitoring content of each aircraft system during each of the aforementioned flight phases can be clearly defined.

[0117] Figure 1The implementation steps shown in the figure include: system design 1, system function description 2, crew operation and monitoring judgment 3, normal flight operation procedure analysis item screening 4, flight phase analysis 5 (that is, operation analysis of the system and each device within the system), operation logic analysis 6, conflict judgment 7, crew division of labor analysis 8, and formulation of normal flight operation procedures 9.

[0118] exist Figure 1 In the above, "System 1, System 2, and System 3" are overviews of the system in the aircraft; "F1, F2, and F3 System Functions" introduces the purpose of the system in the aircraft; "Crew Operation and Crew Monitoring" refers to determining whether the realization of the system function requires pilot operation or monitoring; "Normal Flight Operation Procedure Analysis Items" refers to selecting the procedure items to be analyzed through the above process; "Flight Phase Analysis" clarifies the flight phases involved in the system function and conducts operation analysis of each device in the system during different flight phases; "Operational Logic Analysis" clarifies the flight phases, operation logic, and time sequence of the corresponding work of the system and each device within the system; "Is there a conflict" refers to the pilot's judgment on whether there is a logical conflict between the operation logics; "Crew Division of Relationship Analysis" clearly describes the tasks and responsibilities of the flight crew in each flight phase; and "Normal Flight Procedures" refers to the final design of the corresponding normal flight operation procedures through the above analysis process.

[0119] The specific implementation steps of constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft in this specific embodiment are described in detail below.

[0120] 2.1 Description of aircraft construction system and system functions

[0121] The specific way to build a system and system function description is as follows:

[0122] a) According to the requirements of the ATA chapter, construct the systems required for the aircraft in each flight phase and describe the functions of each system;

[0123] b) System function description may include system composition, system function principle, EICAS information related to each system, other indications, alarms, etc.

[0124] 2.2 Determine the analysis object

[0125] Specific methods for determining the analysis object include the following:

[0126] a) Judgment objects and judgment principles: For all functions of each system, determine which functions can be used as analysis objects from the perspective of operation; determine whether they can be used as analysis objects from the perspective of pilot operation and monitoring;

[0127] b) Judgment logic: Functions related to pilot "operation" or "monitoring" are determined as analysis objects.

[0128] refer to Figure 1 The judgment logic shown is that for one function in a certain system, the unit operation can be judged first. If the judgment is yes, the function in the system is confirmed as the analysis object; if the judgment is no, the unit monitoring judgment is performed on the function in the system. If the judgment is yes, the function in the system is confirmed as the analysis object; if the judgment is no, exit the current round of judgment and continue to judge other functions in the system. If all functions in the system have completed the judgment, then judge whether each function in other systems is as the analysis object, until the judgment of all functions in all systems is completed.

[0129] In a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the analysis may be performed with reference to the sample table for determining analysis objects shown in Table 1.

[0130] Table 1 Determine the analysis object table

[0131]

[0132] As shown in Table 1 above, for each system involved in the ATA section, it is necessary to determine each function of each subsystem and determine whether each function requires monitoring or operation. Functions that meet one of the two judgments can be used as analysis objects. Therefore, the analysis items of the normal flight operation procedures are obtained through this step.

[0133] 2.3 Based on the analysis and judgment in 2.2, the functions of each aircraft system identified as the analysis object are obtained. Then, various analyses are performed on the analysis objects obtained in 2.2 in turn, including: operational analysis of the system and its equipment, operational logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis.

[0134] 2.3.1 Operational analysis of the system and its equipment

[0135] It should be noted that, as shown in Table 1, the hardware configuration relationships in the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: an aircraft is composed of multiple systems, each system includes subsystems, and each subsystem includes devices. Therefore, operational analysis involves operational analysis of the systems and the devices within them. For example, Chapter 21 of the ATA covers air conditioning systems. The ATA 21 air conditioning system for a certain aircraft includes an air distribution subsystem, a cooling subsystem, a temperature control subsystem, and a cabin pressure regulation subsystem. The air distribution subsystem includes devices such as emergency ventilation valves and check valves.

[0136] The operation analysis method is as follows: first, clarify the flight phases, operating environment and response conditions involved in each system function, as well as the input-output relationship between the system function and other systems; second, based on the above correspondence, the operation analysis includes two aspects: on the one hand, the operation analysis of the system and each device within the system based on the flight phases, operating environment and response conditions corresponding to each system function; on the other hand, the operation analysis of the system and each device within the system based on the input-output relationship between the system function and other systems.

[0137] 2.3.2 Operational Logic Analysis

[0138] The operation logic analysis method is as follows:

[0139] a) Identify the flight phases in which each system and each device within the system operates.

[0140] b) Clarify the operation logic and time sequence of each system and each device within the system;

[0141] c) Factors to be considered in operational logic analysis:

[0142] 1) The operating sequence of each system in the aircraft and the input and output relationship of the system;

[0143] 2) The specific location of the operations involved in each system in the cockpit;

[0144] 3) Consider the job responsibilities of other operating personnel, such as flight attendants and cabin crew;

[0145] 4) Operator policies that may affect the operating logic of the procedure, such as energy reserve policy for single-engine taxiing;

[0146] 5) Flight envelope;

[0147] 6) Operational standards;

[0148] 7) Personnel operational capabilities;

[0149] 8) Economic requirements, etc.

[0150] 2.3.3 Conflict Judgment

[0151] Fully consider the principle of coordination between operational logic and flight cockpit design. If logical errors occur and execution cannot be performed, redesign is required, such as redesigning the aircraft's system, normal flight operating procedures, and at least one item in the cockpit.

[0152] 2.3.4 Unit Division of Work Analysis

[0153] Clearly describe the flight crew's tasks and responsibilities during each phase of flight. This can be implemented based on the division of responsibilities between the pilot in charge (PF), the pilot in charge (PM), and the flight engineer.

[0154] 2.4 Normal flight operating procedures

[0155] Based on the analysis objects determined by the judgment in 2.2 above, the various analyses are performed on each analysis object (i.e., each system function) in sequence in 2.3 above, thereby formulating a preliminary draft of the normal flight operation procedure based on the coupling of system functions and operational logic.

[0156] At this point, the initial draft of the normal flight operating procedures is listed according to the functions of the equipment within the system and needs to be further summarized and organized:

[0157] a) Summarize and organize the above draft normal flight operation procedures according to the flight phases listed in 1 above, and list the normal flight operation procedures for the same flight phase separately;

[0158] b) Sequencing normal flight operation procedures according to the reasonable order of crew work during the same flight phase;

[0159] c) Form normal flight operation procedures. For example, the power-on procedure during the initial cockpit preparation phase of a certain type of aircraft is:

[0160] 1) Central busbar parallel switch……………………………………………… “automatic”;

[0161] 2) Connect the No. 1 and No. 2 batteries and the flight control battery and check that the voltage is not less than 24V;

[0162] 3) Turn on the ground power supply / APU power supply and check that the voltage is not less than 24V;

[0163] 4) Check the cockpit lighting signal light switch ……………………………………………………. Press the switch, all the indicator lights will light up (if any indicator light is off, it means the indicator light is faulty); press the switch again, all the indicator lights will go out

[0164] 5) Inertial Reference Navigation…… ...

[0165] First switch to the "self-test" position, and then switch to the "combination" position after 5s.

[0166] 3Analytical records of normal flight operating procedures

[0167] In the process of constructing normal flight operating procedures through various analyses in 2.1 to 2.4 above, each analysis of normal flight operating procedures needs to be recorded. The record content may include: flight phase, sub-phase, phase / sub-phase objectives, system chapters, system functions, procedure decomposition, specific operating steps and information, crew division of labor, etc. Refer to the following example for recording.

[0168] 3.1 Determine the analysis object table

[0169] An example of a table for determining the classification objects is shown in Table 1. Instructions for filling in the table are as follows:

[0170] a) ATA chapter: Determine the ATA chapter according to the unified provisions of the overall design document, such as ATA 21-20;

[0171] b) System name: the system name corresponding to the ATA chapter, such as air conditioning system;

[0172] c) Subsystem: a subsystem under the system related to operation, such as air distribution subsystem;

[0173] d) System function: clarify the system or subsystem function, such as gas supply shutoff function, gas supply flow adjustment function, etc.;

[0174] e) Whether monitoring is required: Determine whether the status of the system, subsystem, or equipment function requires pilot monitoring;

[0175] f) Whether operation is required: Determine whether the system, subsystem, or equipment-related functions require pilot control;

[0176] g) Whether to be included in the analysis object: Based on the above analysis, determine whether it is included in the analysis process of normal flight operation procedures. It should be noted that functions that do not require pilot monitoring or pilot operation are not included in the analysis object.

[0177] 3.2 System and equipment operation analysis table

[0178] An example of the system and each device operation analysis table is shown in Table 2 below:

[0179] Table 2 System and equipment operation analysis table

[0180]

[0181] Instructions for filling out Table 2 are as follows:

[0182] a) ATA chapter: Determine the ATA chapter according to the unified provisions of the overall design document, such as ATA 21-20;

[0183] b) System name: the system name corresponding to the ATA chapter, such as air conditioning system;

[0184] c) Subsystem: a subsystem under the system related to operation, such as air distribution subsystem;

[0185] d) System functions: clarify the system or subsystem functions, such as the cockpit temperature control function;

[0186] e) Flight phase: clearly define the flight phase in which the system functions, such as the cruise phase;

[0187] f) Operating environment: clarify the operating environment in which the system functions, such as icing environment;

[0188] g) Response conditions: clarify the conditions required for the use of system functions, such as power on, air bleed, etc.

[0189] 3.3 Normal Flight Operation Procedure Analysis Record Sheet

[0190] An example of a normal flight operation procedure analysis record sheet is shown in Table 3 below:

[0191] Table 3 Normal flight operation procedure analysis record sheet

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] Refer to the contents shown in Table 3 and fill in and record the normal flight operation procedure analysis record sheet. Based on the contents of the above analysis, the contents recorded in Tables 1, 2 and 3 are formed, thereby formulating the normal flight operation procedures and forming the normal flight operation procedure analysis record sheet.

[0195] 4 Supplementary flight operating procedures

[0196] It should be noted that the supplementary flight operation procedure in the embodiments of the present invention is a type of flight operation procedure within the normal flight operation procedure. Some normal flight operation procedures include supplementary flight operation procedures, while others do not. The content of the supplementary flight operation procedure is determined based on specific circumstances. The following describes the content of the supplementary flight operation procedure.

[0197] Supplementary flight operation procedures include system-related supplementary procedures and operational scenario-related supplementary procedures, including:

[0198] a) System-related supplementary procedures include crew operations for non-standard configurations or unplanned maintenance of various systems, as well as pre-flight procedures that the crew must complete that are usually performed by maintenance personnel. These procedures are completed on an as-needed basis and are not routinely performed on every flight, such as the crew's use of ground air conditioning vehicles. Recommended items include: crew operations for non-standard configurations or unplanned maintenance of systems such as air conditioning / pressurization, communications, power, fuel, landing gear, navigation, and engines;

[0199] b) Supplementary procedures related to operational scenarios include crew operations required under special environments, severe weather conditions, and the application of new navigation technologies. For example:

[0200] 1) Operations in special environments: such as operation in plateaus, high temperature and high humidity environments, extreme cold and low temperature conditions, operation in volcanic ash and sandstorm weather, and operation on contaminated runways;

[0201] 2) Operations in adverse weather conditions: such as crosswinds, heavy rain, wind shear, thunderstorms, and low visibility;

[0202] 3) Application of new navigation technologies: such as PBN operation, ADS-B operation, RVSM operation, ETOPS operation, electronic flight bag operation, ground-based enhanced satellite landing system operation, enhanced flight vision system operation and operation after modification of head-up display, etc.

[0203] c) Special mission operation procedures, such as firefighting missions, maritime rescue missions, etc. Specific procedures need to be carried out in accordance with the particularities and requirements of the mission environment.

[0204] The construction process of the supplementary flight operation procedures can refer to the construction process of the normal flight operation procedures in 1-3 above.

[0205] Although the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the contents described herein are merely embodiments for facilitating understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make any modifications and variations in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall remain subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a normal flight operation procedure for an aircraft, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Set the flight phases in the normal flight operation procedures of the aircraft type, wherein the flight phases include: external safety check phase, initial cockpit preparation phase, external check phase, cockpit preparation phase, pushback or pre-start phase, engine start phase, post-start phase, taxi phase, pre-takeoff phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent preparation phase, descent phase, approach phase, landing phase, missed approach phase, post-landing phase, arrival / engine shutdown phase, and deplaning phase. Step 2: Build multiple systems in the aircraft based on the aircraft design requirements and describe the system functions of each system; Step 3: Based on the constructed aircraft systems and system function descriptions, determine the analysis objects of each aircraft system; Step 4: Based on the analysis targets identified in Step 3, the following analyses are performed in sequence: system and device operation analysis, operational logic analysis, conflict determination, and crew division of labor analysis. Through these analyses, the normal flight operation procedures for the aircraft are constructed. The operation logic analysis in step 4 includes: Conduct an operational logic analysis of each system and its equipment based on the flight phase and crew operation sequence. Factors considered in this operational logic analysis include: the flight phase of operation of each system and equipment, the operational logic and time sequence within each system and equipment, the operational sequence between systems, the input-output relationships between systems, the location of each system's operations within the cockpit, the responsibilities and operational capabilities of the crew and other mission operators, as well as operator policies, flight envelope, operating standards, and economic requirements. The conflict determination in step 4 includes: Determine whether the operating logic of each system and each device within the system meets the coordination requirements with the flight cockpit design. When a conflict is determined, rebuild the normal flight operating procedures or redesign the system or flight cockpit in the aircraft.

2. The method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 includes: Based on the ATA sections and aircraft design requirements, construct the systems used by the aircraft in each flight phase and describe the functions of each system in the aircraft. The system function description includes the system composition, system function principles, EICAS information related to each system, and indication and warning information.

3. The method for constructing normal aircraft flight operation procedures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 comprises: For each system function in each system, whether it complies with unit operation and unit monitoring is judged from the perspective of operation, and the system functions that at least comply with unit operation or unit monitoring are identified as analysis objects.

4. The method for constructing normal aircraft flight operation procedures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operation analysis of the system and each device in the system in step 4 includes: Conduct operational analysis of the system and its equipment based on the flight phases, operating environments, and response conditions corresponding to the functions of each system in the aircraft, as well as the input-output relationship between this system and other systems.

5. The method for constructing normal aircraft flight operation procedures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unit division of labor analysis in step 4 includes: Clearly describe the flight crew's tasks and responsibilities in each phase of flight; divide the work according to the responsibilities of the PF, PM and flight engineer.

6. The method for constructing normal aircraft flight operation procedures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 of constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft includes: Based on the analyses in step 4 performed sequentially on each analysis object, a preliminary draft of a normal flight operation procedure based on the coupling of system functions and operational logic is developed; the preliminary draft of the normal flight operation procedure is summarized and organized according to the flight phases of step 1, and the normal flight operation procedures are sorted according to the reasonable order of the crew's work to form normal flight operation procedures based on different flight phases.

7. The method for constructing a normal aircraft flight operation procedure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Also includes: Step 5: In the process of constructing the normal flight operation procedure of the aircraft, an analysis record of the normal flight operation procedure is formed; The analysis record content is represented by the contents recorded in the analysis object determination table, the system and each device operation analysis table within the system, and the analysis record table of the normal flight operation procedure.

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