A bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device and method, the device includes by first steel frame connecting plate and second steel frame connecting plate being arranged from top to bottom, square box, support energy dissipation unit being arranged between first steel frame connecting plate and second steel frame connecting plate and pressing plate being arranged at the top of support energy dissipation unit;Support energy dissipation unit includes square plate being arranged at the top of second steel frame connecting plate, bending plate and stroke fixing plate;Multiple square plates and second steel frame connecting plate form energy dissipation inner cavity together;Square box and energy dissipation inner cavity are filled with medium sand;Bending plate is fixed with the bottom of second steel frame connecting plate;Stroke fixing plate is fixed with bending plate on one side and fixed with square box on the other side, and the top of square box is fixed with first steel frame connecting plate;Through steel frame, surrounding rock deformation stress is transmitted to support energy dissipation unit, drives steel frame displacement movement, and through the deformation of bending plate, the energy generated by surrounding rock deformation is continuously consumed to realize the stress release generated by tunnel surrounding rock deformation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of bridge and tunnel, more particularly, to a bent tunnel support energy dissipation device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In order to ensure the stability of the tunnel, a support structure is generally used, which functions to form a tunnel structure system with sufficient safety degree together with the surrounding rock, can withstand various loads that may occur, maintain the use clearance of the tunnel section, and prevent further deterioration of the quality of the surrounding rock.

[0003] The commonly used support structure is a steel frame. According to the data of relevant design institutes, the length of the constructed tunnel is about 40-50 km, of which the large deformation area is 10 km. Generally, the spacing of the steel frame is 0.5-1 m. The steel frame has large rigidity and poor anti-deformation ability, and is easy to produce local distortion. When the stress of the tunnel is released, the steel frame will deform plastically and cannot be maintained, so it is necessary to release energy through the deformation of the steel frame joint. Generally, at least 2 steel frame joints need to be arranged on the left and right of each group of steel frames. However, the current domestic steel frame joints are generally steel parts, which are rigidly connected with the steel frame as a whole and cannot meet the energy release required by the tunnel. In addition, the rigid connection of the steel frame joint makes this place a weak link in the tunnel construction, which is easy to cause stress concentration and damage.

[0004] Therefore, according to the above requirements, there is an urgent need for a steel frame connecting device that can dissipate the energy released by the tunnel stress and can also meet the normal work after the energy release is completed. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems or improve the requirements of the prior art, the application provides a bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device, a square plate of a support energy dissipation unit is installed on a second steel frame connecting plate, a bending plate is installed in an energy dissipation inner cavity surrounded by the square plate, and a certain amount of medium sand is filled in the energy dissipation inner cavity, and a stroke fixing plate is packaged on the top of the bending plate; a square box is installed on the stroke fixing plate, the square box is filled with medium sand, a first steel frame connecting plate is installed on the top of the square box, and the tunnel support energy dissipation device is formed; the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are connected by a connecting plate, so that each part of the tunnel support energy dissipation device is tightly combined to form an integral structure; concrete is sprayed, anchor rods are installed, and steel mesh is hung in the pre-excavated tunnel in sequence, then a steel frame is fixed on the inner side wall of the tunnel, and the tunnel support energy dissipation device is symmetrically installed between every two adjacent steel frames on each side of the inner side wall of the tunnel; before the stress of the tunnel is released, the tunnel support energy dissipation device and the steel frame are integrally stressed and bear the support of the tunnel; when the stress of the tunnel is released, the tunnel deforms, the steel frame bears the force generated by the deformation of the tunnel and transmits the force to the tunnel support energy dissipation device, so that the bending plate in the tunnel energy dissipation device starts to plastically deform and continuously dissipates energy; when the stress of the tunnel is completely released, the inner cavity of the tunnel energy dissipation device is filled with the deformed bending plate and the medium sand, and an almost rigid connection is formed, so that the tunnel energy dissipation device and the steel frame are integrated again and bear the support of the tunnel; the whole process does not need secondary construction, and the steel frame will not be damaged in the process of releasing the stress of the tunnel; the application has the advantages of simple structure, low price, simple operation and easy implementation, greatly reduces the secondary damage of the tunnel and the required manpower and material resources under the premise of meeting the construction requirements, and solves the problems that the steel frame will plastically deform when the stress of the existing tunnel is released, the energy release required by the tunnel cannot be met, the steel frame joint and the steel frame are integrally and rigidly connected, the connection is a weak part of the tunnel construction, stress concentration is easy to occur and damage occurs, and secondary construction is required.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, one aspect of the application provides a bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device arranged between two adjacent steel frames on the upper and lower sides of each group of steel frames, comprising a first steel frame connecting plate and a second steel frame connecting plate arranged in parallel and spaced apart from top to bottom, a square box arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate from top to bottom, a support energy dissipation unit, and a pressing plate arranged on the top of the support energy dissipation unit; wherein,

[0007] The support energy dissipation unit comprises a square plate arranged on the top of the second steel frame connecting plate, a bent plate and a stroke fixing plate; a plurality of the square plates are sequentially connected end to end and jointly form an energy dissipation inner cavity with an open top with the second steel frame connecting plate; the square box and the energy dissipation inner cavity are filled with medium sand; at least two bent plates are arranged in the energy dissipation inner cavity; the stroke fixing plate is arranged at one end of the bent plate away from the second steel frame connecting plate and the outer edge of the stroke fixing plate is attached to the inner wall of the energy dissipation inner cavity; the bottom of the square box is fixed with the stroke fixing plate and the top of the square box is fixed with the first steel frame connecting plate; the pressing plate partially covers the top surface of the square plate and partially covers above the energy dissipation inner cavity to prevent the stroke fixing plate from moving towards the square box; after the stress of the surrounding rock starts to release, the stress is transmitted to the support energy dissipation unit through the steel frame, the stroke fixing plate is displaced downward along with the deformation of the bent plate, thereby driving the steel frame to displace to compensate for the displacement required by the deformation of the surrounding rock, the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is continuously dissipated through the deformation of the bent plate, thereby achieving the release of the stress generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0008] Further, the tunnel support energy dissipation device is connected into a whole through the connecting plate before being installed on the steel frame;

[0009] The filling amount of the medium sand in the energy dissipation inner cavity is determined according to the fact that the bent plate and the medium sand can just fill the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation inner cavity after the tunnel support energy dissipation device reaches the displacement of the deformation of the surrounding rock and the bent plate has occurred plastic deformation;

[0010] The medium sand in the square box is fully filled;

[0011] The medium sand can also be replaced by materials with equivalent performance.

[0012] Further, the bent plates are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the energy dissipation inner cavity; at least two bent plates are symmetrically arranged with the center axis in the energy dissipation inner cavity;

[0013] The bent plate is a rectangular plate structure with a middle bend, and a protrusion is arranged on each of the two mutually parallel edges of the bent plate;

[0014] At least two retention grooves for mounting the bent plate are arranged on the second steel frame connecting plate in parallel and at intervals; the retention grooves are matched with the protrusions;

[0015] One of the protrusions on the bent plate is embedded in the retention groove;

[0016] At least two retention grooves are also arranged on the stroke fixing plate in parallel and at intervals;

[0017] The stroke fixing plate is vertically movable along the inner wall of the energy dissipation inner cavity when the bent plate is under compression;

[0018] When the bent plate is not under compression, the upper surface of the stroke fixing plate is flush with the top of the square plate, and together with the lower surface of the compression plate.

[0019] The bent plate is perpendicular to the upper surface of the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0020] Further, the protrusion and the bent plate are integrally formed to form a cross-shaped plate structure, so as to ensure accurate inlaying of the bent plate with the stroke fixing plate and the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0021] The middle part of the bent plate is bent by a certain angle, and the number, length and bending angle of the bent plate are adjusted according to actual working conditions to meet the requirements of different tunnels on deformation and pressure bearing capacity.

[0022] Further, the square box is a box-shaped structure with an open top.

[0023] The square box includes a bottom plate arranged on the upper surface of the stroke fixing plate and a side plate vertically arranged around the bottom plate.

[0024] The center of the bottom plate coincides with the center of the stroke fixing plate.

[0025] The area of the bottom of the square box is smaller than the upper surface area of the stroke fixing plate.

[0026] Further, the compression plate is arranged at the interface between the top of the square plate and the top of the stroke fixing plate.

[0027] Further, the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are respectively provided with mounting holes at the four corners.

[0028] A plurality of square plates are respectively arranged vertically on the upper surface of the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0029] The center of the energy dissipation inner cavity coincides with the center of the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0030] Each square plate is spaced from the edge of the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0031] Another aspect of the present application provides a bent tunnel support energy dissipation method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1: installing a bent plate and filling medium sand in the energy dissipation inner cavity surrounded by the square plate of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, and packaging a stroke fixing plate on the top of the bent plate.

[0033] S2: After filling the medium sand in the square box of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, fixing the first steel frame connecting plate on the top of the square box;

[0034] S3: Connecting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate of the tunnel support energy dissipation device by the connecting plate, so that the parts of the tunnel support energy dissipation device are tightly combined to form an integral structure;

[0035] S4: After spraying concrete, installing anchor rods and hanging steel mesh in the pre-excavated surrounding rock tunnel in sequence, fixing the steel frame on the inner side wall of the tunnel, and symmetrically installing the tunnel support energy dissipation device between the two adjacent steel frames on both sides of the tunnel, and removing the connecting plate between the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate;

[0036] S5: With the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the stress of the surrounding rock is released, the top of the steel frame first starts to bear the force generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and then the force is transmitted to the first steel frame connecting plate of the tunnel support energy dissipation device; with the force of the first steel frame connecting plate and the force transmitted to the travel fixing plate, the bending plate starts to bear the force;

[0037] S6: With the continuous increase of the deformation of the surrounding rock, the force is continuously enhanced, the force of the bending plate is deformed towards the bending direction and is continuously compressed, and the first steel frame connecting plate, the square box and the travel fixing plate are displaced downward with the deformation of the bending plate;

[0038] S7: With the downward displacement of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, the steel frame also moves, the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is continuously consumed through the deformation of the bending plate on the tunnel support energy dissipation device, the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is released through the deformation of the bending plate, and then the energy dissipation work is completed, so that the structure of the steel frame is stable and not damaged.

[0039] Further, the filling amount of the medium sand in step S1 is determined according to the amount of the medium sand that can ensure that the tunnel support energy dissipation device reaches the displacement of the surrounding rock deformation, and the bending plate and the sand filling in the energy dissipation inner cavity that have occurred plastic deformation can just fill the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation inner cavity.

[0040] Further, the medium sand in steps S1 and S2 can also be replaced by materials with equivalent performance.

[0041] Overall, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) The tunnel support energy dissipation device of the present application comprises a square plate for supporting and dissipating energy installed on the second steel frame connecting plate, a bending plate installed in the energy dissipation cavity formed by the square plate, and a certain amount of medium sand filled in the energy dissipation cavity, wherein a stroke fixing plate is installed on the top of the bending plate; a square box is installed on the stroke fixing plate, the square box is filled with medium sand, and a first steel frame connecting plate is installed on the top of the square box to form the tunnel support energy dissipation device; the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are connected by connecting plates, so that the parts of the tunnel support energy dissipation device are tightly combined to form an integral structure; concrete is sprayed, anchor rods are installed, and steel mesh is hung in the pre-excavated tunnel, then steel frames are fixed on the inner side walls of the tunnel, and the tunnel support energy dissipation device is symmetrically installed between every two adjacent steel frames on each side of the inner side walls of the tunnel; before the stress of the tunnel is released, the tunnel support energy dissipation device and the steel frame are integrally loaded and stressed to bear the support of the tunnel; when the stress of the tunnel is released, the tunnel deforms, the steel frame bears the force generated by the deformation of the tunnel and transmits it to the tunnel support energy dissipation device, so that the bending plate in the tunnel energy dissipation device starts to plastically deform and continuously dissipates energy; when the stress of the tunnel is completely released, the energy dissipation cavity in the tunnel energy dissipation device is filled with the deformed bending plate and medium sand to form a nearly rigid connection, and the tunnel energy dissipation device and the steel frame are recombined as a whole to bear the support of the tunnel; the whole process does not need to be constructed twice, and the steel frame will not be damaged during the stress release process of the tunnel; the present application has the advantages of simple structure, low price, simple operation and easy implementation, which greatly reduces the secondary damage to the tunnel and the required manpower and material resources under the premise of meeting the construction requirements; it can solve the problem that the steel frame will plastically deform when the stress of the existing tunnel is released, which cannot meet the energy release required by the tunnel, and the steel frame joint and the steel frame are integrally and rigidly connected, the connection is the weak link of the tunnel construction, is easy to produce stress concentration and damage, and needs to be constructed twice.

[0043] (2) The tunnel support energy dissipation device of the present application is integrally formed with a cross-shaped plate structure, which can ensure the accurate inlaying of the bending plate with the stroke fixing plate and the second steel frame connecting plate, so that the overall structure of the present application can stably bear the vertical pressure; on the other hand, the bending plate can bear a certain torsional resistance, so that the overall structure of the present application can bear a certain torque and work normally under the condition that the pressure direction of the tunnel is unstable; the middle part of the bending plate is bent at a certain angle, which can bear a certain vertical force and ensure the direction of bending deformation, thereby ensuring the stability of the overall structure of the present application; the number, length and bending angle of the bending plate of the tunnel support energy dissipation device of the present application can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions, so as to meet the requirements of different tunnels for deformation and pressure bearing capacity; the bending plate structure can resist different directions of force and torque generated during the actual stress release process of the tunnel, so as to ensure that the tunnel support energy dissipation device can stably displace and deform in a certain direction.

[0044] (3) The bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the present application is provided with the pressing plate at the top of each square plate and the top of the stroke fixing plate, so that a part of the pressing plate covers the top surface of the square plate and a part covers the upper surface edge of the stroke fixing plate, thereby preventing the support energy dissipation unit from moving reversely to the square box.

[0045] (4) The bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the present application is filled with medium sand in the energy dissipation inner cavity, so that the bending plate and the medium sand which have been plastically deformed can fill the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation inner cavity after the displacement of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, so that the whole tunnel support energy dissipation device becomes a rigid structure after completing the energy dissipation displacement, cooperates with the steel frame to support the tunnel surrounding rock again, thereby ensuring the stability and durability of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of tunnel initial support and secondary lining support;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application (front view);

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application (side view);

[0050] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom view structure of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stroke fixing plate of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the bending plate of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the bending plate of the bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 9 It is a flowchart of the energy dissipation method of the bending type tunnel support device of the embodiment of the present application.

[0055] In all the drawings, the same reference signs refer to the same technical features, specifically: 1 - first steel frame connecting plate, 2 - second steel frame connecting plate, 21 - retaining groove, 3 - square box, 4 - support energy dissipation unit, 41 - square plate, 42 - bent plate, 421 - protruding block, 43 - stroke fixing plate, 44 - energy dissipation cavity, 5 - pressing plate, 6 - connecting plate, 7 - medium sand, 8 - steel frame, 9 - tunnel support energy dissipation device, 10 - primary support, 11 - secondary lining support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and should not be used to limit the present application. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0057] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, when an element is referred to as "fixed to", "provided on" or "provided in" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element; the terms "mount", "connect", "connect", "provide" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" and the like can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0059] The basic role of the support structure is to form a tunnel structure system with the surrounding rock, which can bear various loads that may occur, to maintain the use clearance of the tunnel section, prevent further deterioration of the quality of the surrounding rock, and provide a smooth surface for air circulation. Common support structures generally include advanced support, initial support 10, secondary lining support 11, etc. The initial support is a combined support system composed of sprayed concrete, anchor rods, and steel frames, which is the main bearing structure of the composite lining tunnel. Its main role is to constrain the deformation of the surrounding rock, and according to the deformation monitoring and measurement results, the secondary lining is timely constructed (as shown in Figure 1 ).

[0060] As shown in Figures 2-7 , one aspect of the present application provides a bent tunnel support energy dissipation device suitable for bridge bearings and cooperating with the steel frame 8 of the initial support. The tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 is arranged between the two adjacent steel frames on the upper and lower sides of each group of steel frames 8, and is used to release the stress generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 includes a first steel frame connecting plate 1 and a second steel frame connecting plate 2 arranged in parallel and spaced apart from top to bottom, a square box 3, a support energy dissipation unit 4, and a pressing plate 5 arranged on the top of the support energy dissipation unit 4, which are arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 from top to bottom. The tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 is provided with a connecting plate 6 on the side of the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 before the steel frame 8 is installed. Each part of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 is linked into a compact whole through the connecting plate 6, so as to facilitate overall installation. The support energy dissipation unit 4 includes a square plate 41 arranged on the top of the second steel frame connecting plate 2, a bent plate 42, and a stroke fixing plate 43. Before the tunnel stress is released, the tunnel support energy dissipation device and the steel frame bear the force as a whole, and bear the support role of the tunnel. When the tunnel stress is released, the tunnel deforms, the steel frame conducts the force generated by the deformation of the tunnel to the tunnel support energy dissipation device, so that the bent plate in the tunnel energy dissipation device starts to deform plastically and continuously dissipates energy. When the stroke is completed, the inner cavity of the tunnel energy dissipation device is filled with the deformed bent plate and sand, forming a nearly rigid connection, and reworking as a whole with the steel frame to bear the support role of the tunnel. The whole process does not need to be constructed twice, and the steel frame will not be damaged in the process of releasing the tunnel stress. The present application has the advantages of simple structure, low price, simple operation and easy implementation. Under the premise of meeting the construction demand, the secondary damage to the tunnel and the required manpower and material resources are greatly reduced.

[0061] Further, as shown in Figures 1-7As shown, the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 are provided with mounting holes at four corners, respectively; four square plates 41 are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the second steel frame connecting plate 2, respectively; the four square plates 41 are sequentially connected end to end to form a top-opened rectangular energy dissipation inner cavity 44 together with the second steel frame connecting plate 2; the energy dissipation inner cavity 44 is filled with a certain amount of sand; the filling amount of the medium sand 7 is determined according to the displacement of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 after the deformation of the surrounding rock, so that the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation inner cavity 44 is just filled with the sand after the plastic deformation of the bending plate 42 and the energy dissipation inner cavity 44; the center of the energy dissipation inner cavity 44 coincides with the center of the second steel frame connecting plate 2; each square plate 41 is spaced from the edge of the second steel frame connecting plate 2; at least two bending plates 42 are arranged in the energy dissipation inner cavity 44 in parallel and spaced apart, and are perpendicular to the upper surface of the second steel frame connecting plate 2; the bending plate structure in the tunnel support energy dissipation device can resist different direction forces and torques generated in the actual stress release process of the tunnel, so as to ensure that the tunnel support energy dissipation device can be displaced and deformed in a stable direction; by filling the medium sand in the energy dissipation inner cavity, the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation inner cavity is just filled with the sand after the plastic deformation of the bending plate and the medium sand after the displacement of the tunnel support energy dissipation device reaches the deformation of the surrounding rock, so that the whole tunnel support energy dissipation device becomes a rigid structure after completing the energy dissipation displacement, and cooperates with the steel frame to support the tunnel surrounding rock again, thereby ensuring the stability and durability of the tunnel.

[0062] Further, as shown in the drawings, Figures 1-7 the bending plate 42 is a rectangular plate structure with a middle bending, and two mutually parallel edges of the bending plate 42 are respectively provided with a protrusion 421; the second steel frame connecting plate 2 is provided with at least two retention grooves 21 for mounting the bending plate 42 in parallel and spaced apart, and the specific number is determined according to actual needs; the retention groove 21 is matched with the protrusion 421; one of the protrusions 421 on the bending plate 42 is embedded in the retention groove 21; at least two bending plates 42 are arranged in the energy dissipation inner cavity 44 in a central axis symmetry; a plurality of retention grooves 21 matched with the protrusions 421 are also arranged in parallel and spaced apart on the travel fixing plate 43; the travel fixing plate 43 is arranged at the end away from the second steel frame connecting plate 2 of the bending plate 42; the travel fixing plate 43 is fixed at the top opening of the energy dissipation inner cavity 44; the edge of the travel fixing plate 43 is closely attached to the top inner wall of the energy dissipation inner cavity 44; the upper surface of the travel fixing plate 43 is flush with the top of the square plate 41.

[0063] Further, as shown in the drawings, Figures 1-7As shown, the protrusion 421 and the bending plate 42 are integrally formed to form a cross-shaped plate structure, which ensures the accurate inlay of the bending plate 42 with the stroke fixing plate 4 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2, so that the overall structure of the present invention can stably withstand vertical pressure; on the other hand, the bending plate 42 can withstand a certain anti-torsion effect, and when the direction of tunnel pressure is unstable, the overall structure of the present invention can withstand a certain torque and work normally; the middle part of the bending plate 42 is bent at a certain angle, which can bear a certain vertical force on the one hand, and ensure the direction of bending deformation on the other hand, so as to ensure the stability of the overall structure of the present invention; the tunnel support energy dissipation device of the present invention can adjust the number, length and bending angle of the bending plates according to actual working conditions, so as to meet the requirements of different tunnels for deformation and pressure bearing capacity.

[0064] Furthermore, if Figures 1-7 As shown, the square box 3 is a box-shaped structure with an open top; the bottom of the square box 3 is welded to the center of the upper surface of the stroke fixing plate 43, and the top is fixed to the lower surface of the first steel frame connecting plate 1; the square box 3 includes a bottom plate 31 provided on the upper surface of the stroke fixing plate 43 and side plates 32 vertically provided around the bottom plate 31; the center of the bottom plate 31 coincides with the center of the stroke fixing plate 43; the bottom area of ​​the square box 3 is smaller than the upper surface area of ​​the stroke fixing plate 43.

[0065] Furthermore, if Figures 1-7 As shown, the pressure plate 5 is respectively arranged at the top interface of each of the square plates 41 and the top of the stroke fixing plate 43; a part of the pressure plate 5 covers the top surface of the square plate 41, and a part covers the edge of the upper surface of the stroke fixing plate 43, which is used to prevent the support energy dissipation unit 4 from running in reverse; the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 is connected to the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 as a whole through the connecting plate 6 before being installed on the steel frame 8; one end of the connecting plate 6 is fixed to the side of the first steel frame connecting plate 1, and the other end is fixed to the side of the second steel frame connecting plate 2.

[0066] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for dissipating energy from a curved tunnel support, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1: Install a bending plate 42 and a filling medium sand 7 in the energy dissipation cavity 44 formed by the square plates 41 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9, and encapsulate a travel fixing plate 43 on top of the bending plate 42. The filling amount of the medium sand 7 is such that after the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 reaches the displacement required for the surrounding rock deformation, the plastically deformed bending plate 42 and the filling sand in the energy dissipation cavity 44 can just fill the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation cavity 44. The medium sand 7 can also be replaced by a material with equivalent performance.

[0068] S2: After filling the medium sand 7 in the square box 3 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9, fixing the first steel frame connecting plate 1 on the top of the square box 3;

[0069] S3: Connecting the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 by the connecting plate 6, so that the parts of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9 are tightly combined to form a whole structure; wherein the medium sand 7 can be replaced by materials with equivalent performance;

[0070] S4: After spraying concrete, installing anchor rods, and hanging steel mesh in the pre-excavated surrounding rock tunnel in turn, fixing the steel frame on the inner side wall of the tunnel, installing the tunnel support energy dissipation device between the adjacent two steel frames on both sides of the tunnel respectively, and removing the connecting plate 6 between the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2; specifically, the second steel frame connecting plate 2 is bolted to the top of the lower steel frame, and the first steel frame connecting plate 1 is bolted to the bottom of the upper steel frame; the fixing of the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 to the steel frame can also be other ways;

[0071] S5: With the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the stress of the surrounding rock begins to release, and the top of the steel frame first begins to bear the force generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and then transmits the force to the first steel frame connecting plate 1 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device; with the force of the first steel frame connecting plate 1 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, the force is conducted to the travel fixing plate 43, and at the same time, the bending plate 42 begins to bear the force;

[0072] S6: With the continuous increase of the deformation of the surrounding rock, the force is continuously enhanced, the deformation of the bending plate 42 is deformed towards the bending direction and is continuously compressed, and the first steel frame connecting plate 1, the square box 3, and the travel fixing plate 43 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device are displaced downward with the deformation of the bending plate 42;

[0073] S7: With the downward displacement of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9, the steel frame 8 also moves, and then compensates for the displacement required by the deformation of the surrounding rock; during this process, the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is continuously consumed through the deformation of the bending plate 42 of the tunnel support energy dissipation device 9, the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is released through the deformation of the bending plate 42, and then the energy dissipation work is completed, ensuring the structural stability of the steel frame without being damaged.

[0074] The working principle of the tunnel support energy dissipation device provided by the application is as follows: a square plate 41 of the support energy dissipation unit is installed on the second steel frame connecting plate 2, a bending plate 42 is installed in an energy dissipation inner cavity 44 surrounded by the square plate 41, a certain amount of medium sand 7 is filled in the energy dissipation inner cavity 44, and a stroke fixing plate 43 is packaged on the top of the bending plate 42; a square box 3 is installed on the stroke fixing plate 43, the square box 3 is filled with medium sand 7, a first steel frame connecting plate 1 is installed on the top of the square box 3, and the tunnel support energy dissipation device is formed; the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 are connected by a connecting plate 6, so that the parts of the tunnel support energy dissipation device are tightly combined to form an integral structure; in a tunnel excavated in advance, concrete is sprayed, anchor rods are installed, and steel mesh is hung in sequence, then a steel frame is fixed on the inner side wall of the tunnel, and the tunnel support energy dissipation device is symmetrically installed between two adjacent steel frames on both sides of the tunnel; specifically, the second steel frame connecting plate 2 is fixed with the top of the lower steel frame, and the first steel frame connecting plate 1 is fixed with the bottom of the upper steel frame; finally, the connecting plate 6 between the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 is removed, so the installation of the tunnel support energy dissipation device on the steel frame is completed; before the stress of the tunnel is released, the tunnel support energy dissipation device and the steel frame are integrally stressed and bear the support of the tunnel; when the stress of the tunnel is released, the tunnel deforms, the steel frame bears the force generated by the deformation of the tunnel and transmits the force to the tunnel support energy dissipation device, so that the bending plate in the tunnel energy dissipation device begins to deform plastically and continuously dissipates energy; when the stress of the tunnel is completely released, the deformation amount is consistent with the stroke of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, sand is arranged in the lower energy dissipation inner cavity of the tunnel support energy dissipation device, the inner cavity of the tunnel energy dissipation device is filled with the deformed bending plate and sand when the stroke is completed, an almost rigid connection is formed, the steel frame and the tunnel support energy dissipation device are integrated again, and the support of the tunnel is borne; the whole process does not need secondary construction, and the steel frame will not be damaged in the process of stress release of the tunnel; the bending plate structure in the tunnel support energy dissipation device can resist different direction forces and torques generated in the actual stress release process of the tunnel, so that the tunnel support energy dissipation device can stably deform in a stable direction; the tunnel support energy dissipation device can adjust the number, length and bending angle of the bending plate according to the actual working condition, so as to meet the requirements of different tunnels on deformation amount and bearing capacity; the tunnel support energy dissipation device has the advantages of simple structure, low price, simple operation and easy implementation, greatly reduces the secondary damage of the tunnel and the required manpower and material resources on the premise of meeting the construction demand, and solves the problems that the steel frame will deform plastically when the stress of the existing tunnel is released, the energy release required by the tunnel cannot be met, the steel frame joint and the steel frame are integrally and rigidly connected, the connection is a weak part of tunnel construction, stress concentration is easy to occur and damage needs secondary construction.

[0075] Those skilled in the art can understand that the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device, which is respectively arranged between two adjacent sections of steel frames on both sides of each set of steel frames (8), characterized in that: It comprises a first steel frame connecting plate (1) and a second steel frame connecting plate (2) arranged in parallel and spaced apart from top to bottom, a square box (3) arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) from top to bottom, a support energy dissipation unit (4), and a pressure plate (5) arranged on the top of the support energy dissipation unit (4); wherein, The support energy dissipation unit (4) comprises a square plate (41), a bent plate (42) and a travel fixed plate (43) arranged on the top of the second steel frame connecting plate (2); a plurality of the square plates (41) are sequentially connected end to end and together with the second steel frame connecting plate (2) form an energy dissipation cavity (44) with an open top; the square box (3) and the energy dissipation cavity (44) are filled with medium sand (7); the filling amount of the medium sand (7) is such that after the tunnel support energy dissipation device (9) reaches the displacement of the surrounding rock deformation, the bent plate (42) that has undergone plastic deformation The filling sand of the energy dissipation cavity (44) can just fill the remaining internal space of the energy dissipation cavity (44); at least two bending plates (42) are provided in the energy dissipation cavity (44); the bending plates (42) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in the energy dissipation cavity (44); at least two bending plates (42) are symmetrically arranged about their central axis in the energy dissipation cavity (44); the middle of the bending plate (42) is bent at a certain angle, and the number, length and bending angle of the bending plate (42) are adjusted according to actual working conditions to meet the requirements of different tunnels for deformation and pressure bearing capacity. The invention provides a method for preventing the forces and torques in different directions generated by the tunnel during the actual stress release process by means of the bent plate structure, thereby ensuring that the tunnel support energy dissipation device can be displaced and deformed in a stable direction; the travel fixing plate (43) is arranged at one end of the bent plate (42) away from the second steel frame connecting plate (2), and the outer edge thereof is in contact with the inner wall of the energy dissipation cavity (44); the bottom of the square box (3) is fixed to the travel fixing plate (43), and the top is fixed to the first steel frame connecting plate (1); the pressing plate (5) partially covers the top surface of the square plate (41), and partially covers the top surface of the square plate (41). Above the energy dissipation cavity (44), the travel fixing plate (43) is prevented from moving in the direction of the square box (3); after the stress of the surrounding rock begins to be released after deformation, the stress is transmitted to the support energy dissipation unit (4) through the steel frame (8), so that the travel fixing plate (43) moves downward along with the deformation of the bending plate (42), thereby driving the displacement of the steel frame (8) to compensate for the displacement required by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and continuously consuming the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock through the deformation of the bending plate (42), thereby achieving the stress release generated by the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock.

2. The bending tunnel support energy dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the tunnel support energy dissipation device is installed on the steel frame (8), the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) are connected into a whole through the connecting plate (6); The medium sand (7) in the square box (3) is fully filled; The medium sand (7) can also be replaced by materials with equivalent performance.

3. The bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bending plate (42) is a rectangular plate-shaped structure bent in the middle, and a protrusion (421) is respectively provided on two mutually parallel sides of the bending plate (42); At least two retaining grooves (21) for mounting the bending plate (42) are provided in parallel and at intervals on the second steel frame connecting plate (2); the retaining grooves (21) are matched with the protrusions (421); One of the protrusions (421) on the bending plate (42) is embedded in the retaining groove (21); At least two of the retaining grooves (21) are also provided in parallel and spaced apart on the travel fixing plate (43); When the bending plate (42) is under pressure, the stroke fixing plate (43) can move vertically along the inner wall of the energy dissipation cavity (44); When the bending plate (42) is not under pressure, the upper surface of the travel fixing plate (43) is flush with the top of the square plate (41), and together they are in contact with the lower surface of the pressing plate (5); The bent plate (42) is perpendicular to the upper surface of the second steel frame connecting plate (2).

4. The bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protrusion (421) and the bending plate (42) are integrally formed to form a cross-shaped plate structure, so as to ensure accurate inlaying of the bending plate (42), the travel fixing plate (43) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2).

5. A curved tunnel support energy dissipation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The square box (3) is a box-shaped structure with an open top; The square box (3) includes a bottom plate (31) provided on the upper surface of the travel fixing plate (43) and side plates (32) provided vertically upward around the bottom plate (31); The center of the bottom plate (31) coincides with the center of the stroke fixing plate (43); The bottom area of ​​the square box (3) is smaller than the upper surface area of ​​the stroke fixing plate (43).

6. The bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressing plate (5) is provided at the interface between the top of the square plate (41) and the top of the stroke fixing plate (43).

7. The bending type tunnel support energy dissipation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Mounting holes are respectively provided at the four corners of the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2); A plurality of the square plates (41) are respectively vertically arranged on the second steel frame connecting plate (2); The center of the energy dissipation inner cavity (44) coincides with the center of the second steel frame connecting plate (2); A gap is left between each of the square plates (41) and the edge of the second steel frame connecting plate (2).

8. A bending tunnel support energy dissipation method, characterized in that: The method is implemented by using a bending tunnel support energy dissipation device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1: Installing a bending plate (42) and a filling medium sand (7) in an energy dissipation cavity (44) surrounded by a square plate (41) of a tunnel support energy dissipation device (9), and encapsulating a travel fixing plate (43) on the top of the bending plate (42); S2: After the square box (3) of the tunnel support energy dissipation device (9) is filled with medium sand (7), a first steel frame connecting plate (1) is fixed on the top of the square box (3); S3: Using a connecting plate (6) to connect the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) of the tunnel support energy dissipation device (9), so that the various parts of the tunnel support energy dissipation device (9) are tightly combined to form an integral structure; S4: After spraying concrete, installing anchor rods, and hanging steel mesh in the pre-excavated surrounding rock tunnel, a steel frame is fixed to the inner side wall of the tunnel, the tunnel support energy dissipation device is symmetrically installed between two adjacent sections of steel frames on both sides of the tunnel, and the connecting plate (6) between the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) is removed; S5: As the tunnel surrounding rock deforms, the surrounding rock stress begins to release, and the top of the steel frame first begins to bear the force generated by the surrounding rock deformation, and then transmits the force to the first steel frame connecting plate (1) of the tunnel support energy dissipation device; as the first steel frame connecting plate (1) is subjected to force and the force is transmitted to the travel fixed plate (43), the bending plate (42) begins to be subjected to force at the same time; S6: As the deformation of the surrounding rock increases, the stress increases, the bending plate (42) deforms in the bending direction and is continuously compressed, and the first steel frame connecting plate (1), the square box (3) and the travel fixing plate (43) move downward as the bending plate (42) deforms; S7: As the tunnel support energy dissipation device (9) moves downward, the steel frame (8) also moves accordingly, and the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is continuously consumed through the deformation of the bending plate (42) on the tunnel support energy dissipation device (9), so that the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rock is released through the deformation of the bending plate (42), thereby completing the energy dissipation work and ensuring that the structure of the steel frame is stable and not damaged.

9. The method for dissipating energy in a curved tunnel support according to claim 8, characterized in that: The medium sand (7) in step S1 and step S2 can also be replaced by materials with equivalent performance.

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