A hub bearing unit seal wear detection apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides a hub bearing unit seal wear detection device, which comprises a base, a horizontal movable positioning component arranged on one side of the upper part of the base, a rotary clamping component arranged on the opposite side of the base away from the positioning component, the rotary clamping component comprising a three-jaw chuck driven by a main shaft motor and capable of mounting a seal sample, a measuring component connected to the lower part of a grinding head support arranged on one side of the positioning component, a detachable grinding head component connected to the top end of the grinding head support, and a detachable grinding head arranged on one end of the grinding head component and coaxially arranged with the three-jaw chuck in the horizontal direction, so as to detect the wear of the seal sample mounted on the three-jaw chuck, and a PLC control component arranged on one side of the base and electrically connected with the positioning component, the measuring component and the rotary clamping component. The application also comprises a hub bearing unit seal detection method, so that the accuracy of the wear detection of the hub bearing unit seal is ensured, and the wear resistance of the seal can be accurately evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive wheel hub bearing technology, and in particular to a device and method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the automotive industry, third-generation wheel hub bearings, with their advantages of high density and easy installation and maintenance, have been widely used. A third-generation wheel hub bearing unit consists of an outer flange, an inner flange, an inner ring, steel balls, a cage, bolts, and seals. The seals are installed in two locations: one between the outer flange and the inner ring, and the other between the outer flange and the inner flange. The seals are designed with a lip, which compresses and deforms in contact with the metal surface to achieve a seal. While the seals are sealing, the inner flange (or inner ring) rotates at high speed. In the failure modes of third-generation wheel hub bearings, seal failure accounts for approximately 60% of all failures. Among these, failure caused by wear at the contact point between the lip and the steel component is one of the main causes of seal failure. Past experience has shown that wear at the lip contact point of the sealing ring is the primary cause of seal failure, and the amount of lip wear is significantly affected by the sealing structure and the properties of the rubber material. To evaluate the wear resistance of the seals, a rapid testing device and method for detecting the wear of rubber seals is needed to assess the quality of their wear resistance.

[0003] Currently, wear tests on seals are mainly based on rubber material samples. However, this test is only suitable for evaluating the performance of rubber materials and is not suitable for rubber seals with specific shapes and structures. It cannot fully reflect the performance of automotive wheel hub seals, and the accuracy of wear detection for wheel hub bearing unit seals cannot be guaranteed, making it impossible to accurately evaluate the wear resistance of seals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems of insufficient accuracy in the detection of wheel hub bearing unit seals and the inability to accurately evaluate the wear resistance of seals in existing technologies, this invention provides the following technical solution.

[0005] This invention provides a wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection device, including a base. A horizontally movable positioning component is located on one side of the upper part of the base. A rotating clamping component is located on the opposite side of the base away from the positioning component. The rotating clamping component includes a three-jaw chuck driven by a spindle motor for mounting seal samples. A measuring component is connected to the lower part of a grinding head support seat located on one side of the positioning component. A detachable grinding head component is connected to the top side of the grinding head support seat. The detachable grinding head at one end of the grinding head component is coaxially arranged with the three-jaw chuck in the horizontal direction for performing wear detection on the seal sample mounted on the three-jaw chuck. A PLC control component is located on one side of the base, electrically connected to the positioning component, measuring component, and rotating clamping component. The bottom of the component is provided with a first guide rail and a second guide rail with guide rail grooves, which are installed parallel to each other on the upper part of the base. A base plate with a third guide rail is installed on the surface of the guide rail grooves in the horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the first and second guide rails. One side of an angle iron structure connected to the second guide rail at one end of the base plate is connected to a servo motor. The servo motor controls the horizontal movement of the positioning component. One side of the upper part of the angle iron structure is connected to a hydraulic cylinder. A pressure sensor is connected to the end of the guide rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The other end of the pressure sensor is connected to the grinding head support. The bottom end of the grinding head support is connected to the third guide rail. The measuring component includes a U-shaped bracket connected to the grinding head support. A laser displacement sensor is connected to one end of the U-shaped bracket. A positioning plate is provided facing the front of the rotating clamping component.

[0006] As a further technical solution, the grinding head component includes a first guide plate connected to the grinding head support base. The first guide plate has waist-shaped grooves on its left and right sides for mounting a second guide plate. The second guide plate has waist-shaped grooves at its upper and lower ends for mounting a third guide plate. The grinding head has a through hole in the middle, which is connected to the third guide plate to facilitate adjustment of the vertical displacement of the grinding head.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the grinding head has a frosted surface and is provided with laser-engraved equally divided circumferential grooves.

[0008] This invention also includes a method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals, based on the aforementioned wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: Set the spindle motor running time and spindle motor speed, and reset the pressure to zero;

[0010] S2: Weigh the sealing sample, record the value, and then install it on the three-jaw chuck;

[0011] S3: Adjust the center position of the grinding head component to make it coaxial with the center of the sealing sample;

[0012] S4: Adjust the distance between the grinding head and the sealing sample to make the grinding head contact the sealing sample. The contact pressure should be 0N, and record the value of the laser displacement sensor at this time.

[0013] S5: Further compress the sealing sample with the grinding head, requiring the contact distance between the sealing sample and the grinding head to reach the experimental requirement value, and record the pressure sensor value.

[0014] S6: Start the spindle motor to begin the test;

[0015] S7: After the experiment, record the values ​​of the laser displacement sensor and the pressure sensor, and then separate the grinding head from the sealed sample to a sufficient distance.

[0016] S8: Record the abrasive state on the surface of the sealing sample and the adhesion state on the surface of the grinding head, and analyze the wear resistance of the sealing sample.

[0017] S9: Remove the sealing sample and clean its surface. Weigh and record the values. Analyze and determine the wear resistance of the sealing sample based on the weight reduction before and after the test.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the sealing sample is weighed multiple times in steps S2 and S9, and its average weight is used.

[0019] As a further technical solution, in step S8, a high-definition camera is used to photograph and analyze the abrasive state on the surface of the sealing sample and the adhesion state on the surface of the grinding head.

[0020] As a further technical solution, the S9 step analyzes and judges the wear resistance of the sealing sample by calculating the rubber wear amount per unit circumference. The rubber wear amount is calculated based on the weight reduction, lip circumference, and set unit circumference.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The wheel hub bearing unit seal testing equipment and method proposed in this invention are applicable to testing automotive wheel hub bearing seals and similar automotive wheel hub bearing seals. Wear testing of the seals is performed under different distances and pressure conditions using a detachable grinding head and pressure sensor. The wear resistance of the seal samples is analyzed and judged by comparing the weight reduction of the seal samples before and after the test, combined with the lip circumference and a set unit circumference. This equipment has a reasonable overall structure, adopts a modular design, and is simple, safe, and convenient to operate. The accuracy of wear testing of wheel hub bearing unit seals is guaranteed, and the wear resistance of the seals can be accurately evaluated. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a viewing angle measuring component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating clamping component of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the grinding head component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the grinding head component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the PLC control component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the detachable grinding head and seal of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention discloses a wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection device, comprising a horizontal base 1 supported by support legs. A positioning component 2 is provided on one side of the upper part of the base 1, which can move horizontally back and forth and left and right. A grinding head component 5 is connected to one end of the positioning component 2. The grinding head component 5 performs wear detection on the seal sample to be tested. A rotating clamping component 4 is provided on the opposite side of the base 1 away from the positioning component 2. The rotating clamping component 4 is used to clamp the seal sample and rotate it to drive the seal sample to rub against the grinding head component 5 at high speed. A measuring component 3 is provided on one side of the positioning component 2, which is used to measure the distance between the grinding head component 3 and the seal sample. A PLC control component 6 is provided on one side of the base 1, which is electrically connected to the positioning component 2, the measuring component 3, and the rotating clamping component 4.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the positioning component 2 has a first guide rail 201 and a second guide rail 202 mounted parallel to each other on the upper part of the base 1 at its bottom end. Both the first guide rail 201 and the second guide rail 202 have guide rail grooves. A base plate 203, perpendicular to the first guide rail 201 and the second guide rail 202, is mounted horizontally in the guide rail grooves. A third guide rail 208 is provided on the surface of the base plate 203. The third guide rail 208 is perpendicular to both the first guide rail 201 and the second guide rail 202 in the horizontal direction. An angle iron structure 209 is provided at one end of the base plate 203. The lower end of the angle iron structure 209 is connected to the second guide rail 202. One side of the angle iron structure 209 is connected to a servo motor 204, which controls the positioning component 2. The positioning component 2 moves horizontally. One side of the upper part of the angle iron structure 209 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 205. The end of the guide rod of the hydraulic cylinder 205 is connected to the pressure sensor 206. The other end of the pressure sensor 206 is connected to the grinding head support 207. The bottom end of the grinding head support 207 is connected to the third guide rail 208. When the invention is working, the servo motor 204 adjusts the lateral displacement of the positioning component 2 in the horizontal direction so that the grinding head component 5 connected to the positioning component 2 is coaxial with the center of the rotating clamping component 4. Then, the guide rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves back and forth to adjust the distance between the grinding head component 5 and the rotating clamping component 4, and records the value of the pressure sensor 206.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the measuring component 3 includes a U-shaped bracket 301 connected to one side of the grinding head support 207. One end of the U-shaped bracket 301 is connected to a laser displacement sensor 302. The laser displacement sensor 302 is provided with a positioning plate 303 facing the front of the rotating clamping component 4. The laser displacement sensor 302 and the grinding head component 5 should be kept parallel in the horizontal direction so as to make the displacement measurement of the grinding head component 5 more accurate.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the rotating clamping component 4 includes a motor base 401 mounted on the base 1, a spindle motor 402 mounted on the motor base 401, a spindle connecting plate 403 mounted on the spindle of the spindle motor 402, a three-jaw chuck connecting plate 404 connected to one side of the spindle connecting plate 403, and a three-jaw chuck 405 mounted on the three-jaw chuck connecting plate 404. The three-jaw chuck 405 is used to clamp the sealing sample, so that the sealing sample is parallel to the grinding head 501 (described in detail below) in the vertical direction, and the sealing sample is coaxial with the center of the grinding head 501. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the grinding head component 5 includes a first guide plate 505 connected to the grinding head support 207. The first guide plate 505 has two waist-shaped grooves at its left and right ends, and a guide edge at each end. A second guide plate 504 is installed in the guide edges at both ends of the first guide plate 505 and is connected by a first screw 507 and a second screw 509 on the back passing through the waist-shaped grooves of the first guide plate 505. The second guide plate 504 also has two waist-shaped grooves at its upper and lower ends and two guide edges in the middle. A third guide plate 503 is installed on the two guide edges in the middle of the second guide plate 504 and is connected by a third screw 506 and a fourth screw 508 on the back passing through the waist-shaped grooves of the second guide plate 504, so as to adjust the vertical displacement of the grinding head component 5. The third guide plate 503 is connected to a grinding head 501 at one end. The grinding head 501 is a detachable mechanism, such as bolt connection, snap-fit ​​connection, or clamp connection, so as to replace grinding heads of different specifications, sizes and shapes to conduct wear tests on the sealing sample under different conditions. For example, the grinding head 501 can be bolted to the third guide plate 503. The grinding head 501 has a through hole in the middle, and the fifth screw 502 passes through the through hole to connect to the third guide plate 503. The surface of the grinding head 501 is preferably a frosted surface, but it can also be smooth or other types of surfaces. The surface of the grinding head 501 can be provided with grooves. The grooves can be irregular in shape, or they can be mesh or arc-shaped. Preferably, they are laser-engraved equally divided circumferential grooves to improve the wear efficiency of the sealing sample.

[0036] like Figure 7 As shown, the control panel of the PLC control component 6 includes the following settings: time setting 601 is the set time for the spindle motor 402; start time 602 is the running time of the spindle motor 402; speed setting 603 is the running speed of the spindle motor 402; module current pressure 604 is the value displayed by the pressure sensor 206; displacement sensor 605 is the value displayed by the laser displacement sensor 302; positioning component forward 606 and positioning component backward 607 are used to adjust the displacement of the positioning component on the guide rails 201 and 202; hydraulic cylinder forward 608 and hydraulic cylinder backward 609 are used to adjust the displacement of the grinding head base 207 on the guide rail 208; spindle start / stop 610 is used to control the start and stop of the experiment; zeroing 611 clears the value of the module current pressure 604 to zero.

[0037] The PLC control component 6 adopts a PLC controller from the prior art, and its internal functions will not be described in detail here.

[0038] This invention also includes a method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals, based on the aforementioned wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection equipment, which includes the following steps:

[0039] S1: Set the spindle motor running time and spindle motor speed, and reset the pressure to zero.

[0040] S2: Weigh the sealing sample, record the value, and then install it on the three-jaw chuck. Before weighing, the surface of the sealing sample should be cleaned to ensure that there is no grease or impurities on the surface. Mark the sealing sample, and then measure the weight before the experiment. Preferably, the sealing sample can be measured multiple times and the average value is recorded. This makes the measurement value more accurate and avoids the influence of external factors on the measurement accuracy. Install the measured sealing sample on the three-jaw chuck, and pay attention to adjusting the position of the sealing sample so that its central axis is parallel to the horizontal direction.

[0041] S3: Adjust the center position of the grinding head component to make it coaxial with the center of the sealing sample. Align the assembled grinding head with the sealing sample and make the center of the grinding head coaxial with the center of the sealing sample to facilitate more accurate measurement of the wear resistance of the sealing sample.

[0042] S4: Adjust the distance between the grinding head and the sealing sample to make the grinding head contact the sealing sample. The contact pressure should be 0N, and record the value of the laser displacement sensor at this time.

[0043] S5: Further compress the sealing sample with the grinding head, requiring the contact distance between the sealing sample and the grinding head to reach the experimental requirement value, and record the pressure sensor value. The sealing sample can be tested under different pressure and distance conditions. According to the test requirements, the sealing sample under different distance conditions should be tested. If the test requires a compression contact distance of 0.3mm and the laser displacement sensor value is 2mm before compression, then the laser displacement sensor value after compression should be 2.3mm. At this time, the next step can be carried out.

[0044] S6: Start the spindle motor to begin the test;

[0045] S7: After the experiment, record the values ​​of the laser displacement sensor and the pressure sensor, and then separate the grinding head from the sealed sample to a sufficient distance.

[0046] S8: Record the abrasive state on the surface of the sealing component sample and the adhesion state on the surface of the grinding head, and analyze the wear resistance of the sealing component sample. In this step, a high-definition camera is used to photograph and analyze the abrasive state on the surface of the sealing component sample and the adhesion state on the surface of the grinding head, and the sealing component sample is evaluated based on the abrasive state and adhesion state. Specifically, the abrasive state is marked as obvious or indistinct, the uniformity of the abrasive distribution, and the shape and uniformity of the debris attached to the grinding head are used as evaluation criteria. That is, a seal with indistinct abrasive marks has better wear resistance, a seal with obvious abrasive marks has poor wear resistance, a seal with uniform abrasive mark distribution has better wear resistance, a seal with uneven abrasive mark distribution has poor wear resistance, and a seal with flocculent and few debris attached to the grinding head has better wear resistance, while a seal with many and long debris attached to the grinding head has poor wear resistance. A seal exhibits poor wear resistance. A uniform distribution of debris on the grinding head indicates good wear resistance, while an uneven distribution indicates poor wear resistance. For example, in one embodiment, three different seal samples were used for wear testing: Sample A: The seal sample showed obvious and unevenly distributed abrasive marks, with long and unevenly distributed debris on the grinding head surface; Sample B: The seal sample showed obvious and uniformly distributed abrasive marks, with foamy and uniformly distributed debris on the grinding head surface; Sample C: The seal sample showed inconspicuous and uniformly distributed abrasive marks. Therefore, the wear resistance of the seal can be determined as follows: Sample C > Sample B > Sample A.

[0047] To further analyze the wear resistance of the sealing sample, this method also includes step S9: removing the sealing sample and cleaning its surface, weighing and recording the values. Multiple weighings should be performed on the sealing sample, and the average weight should be used. The wear resistance of the sealing sample is further analyzed and judged based on the weight reduction before and after the test. In this step, the wear resistance of the sealing sample is analyzed and judged by calculating the rubber wear per unit circumference. The rubber wear is calculated based on the weight reduction, the lip circumference, and a set unit circumference. Specifically, the weight reduction is the average weight before the experiment minus the average weight after the experiment. In one embodiment, the weight reduction is... The experiment involved two weighings before the test, with the first weighing being m1 and the second being m2. After the test, three weighings were conducted, with the first weighing being m3, the second being m4, and the third being m5. The formula for weight loss is: The amount of rubber wear per unit circumference can be calculated based on the weight reduction. Its formula is: Where D is the circumference of the lips. To determine the unit circumference, a comparison was made between several sealing sample samples. The smaller the value, the better the wear resistance of the sealing sample.

[0048] The aforementioned equipment and methods for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals can all be replaced with, for example... Figure 8 The grinding head and seals shown are tested under different size and position conditions. They can test rubber seals of various specific shapes and structures, fully reflect the performance of automotive wheel hub seals, and accurately evaluate the wear resistance of the seals.

[0049] The preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wear detection device for wheel hub bearing unit seals, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: The base (1) has a horizontally movable positioning component (2) on one side of its upper part. A rotating clamping component (4) is located on the opposite side of the base (1) away from the positioning component (2). The rotating clamping component (4) includes a three-jaw chuck (405) driven by a spindle motor (402) for mounting sealing sample. A measuring component (3) is connected to the lower part of a grinding head support (207) located on one side of the positioning component (2). A detachable grinding head component (5) is connected to the top side of the grinding head support (207). The detachable grinding head (501) at one end of the grinding head component (5) is coaxially arranged with the three-jaw chuck (405) in the horizontal direction, and is used to perform wear detection on the sealing sample installed on the three-jaw chuck (405). A PLC control component (6) is provided on one side of the base (1), which is electrically connected to the positioning component (2), the measuring component (3), and the rotating clamping component (4). The bottom end of the positioning component (2) is provided with a first guide rail (201) and a second guide rail (202) with guide rail grooves, which are installed parallel to each other on the upper part of the base (1). A base plate (203) with a third guide rail (208) is mounted on a horizontal surface perpendicular to the first guide rail (201) and the second guide rail (202). One end of an angle iron structure (209) connected to the second guide rail (202) is connected to a servo motor (204), which controls the horizontal movement of the positioning component (2). One side of the upper part of the angle iron structure (209) is connected to a hydraulic cylinder (205). The guide rod end is connected to a pressure sensor (206), the other end of the pressure sensor (206) is connected to a grinding head support (207), the bottom end of the grinding head support (207) is connected to a third guide rail (208), the measuring component (3) includes a U-shaped bracket (301) connected to the grinding head support (207), one end of the U-shaped bracket (301) is connected to a laser displacement sensor (302), and the laser displacement sensor (302) is provided with a positioning plate (303) facing the front of the rotating clamping component (4).

2. The wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding head component (5) includes a first guide plate (505) connected to the grinding head support (207). The first guide plate (505) has waist-shaped grooves on its left and right sides for the installation of a second guide plate (504). The second guide plate (504) has waist-shaped grooves at its upper and lower ends for the installation of a third guide plate (503). The grinding head (501) has a through hole in the middle, which is connected to the third guide plate (503) to facilitate adjustment of the vertical displacement of the grinding head (501).

3. The wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding head (501) has a frosted surface and is provided with laser-engraved equally divided circumferential grooves.

4. A method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals, based on the wheel hub bearing unit seal wear detection equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Set the spindle motor running time and spindle motor speed, and reset the pressure to zero; S2: Weigh the sealing sample, record the value, and then install it on the three-jaw chuck; S3: Adjust the center position of the grinding head component to make it coaxial with the center of the sealing sample; S4: Adjust the distance between the grinding head and the sealing sample to make the grinding head contact the sealing sample. The contact pressure should be 0N, and record the value of the laser displacement sensor at this time. S5: Further compress the sealing sample with the grinding head, requiring the contact distance between the sealing sample and the grinding head to reach the experimental requirement value, and record the pressure sensor value. S6: Start the spindle motor to begin the test; S7: After the experiment, record the values ​​of the laser displacement sensor and the pressure sensor, and then separate the grinding head from the sealed sample to a sufficient distance. S8: Record the abrasive state on the surface of the sealing sample and the adhesion state on the surface of the grinding head, and analyze the wear resistance of the sealing sample. S9: Remove the sealing sample and clean its surface. Weigh and record the values. Analyze and judge the wear resistance of the sealing sample based on the weight loss before and after the test.

5. The method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals according to claim 4, characterized in that: In steps S2 and S9, the sealing sample is weighed multiple times, and its average weight is used.

6. The method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S8, a high-definition camera is used to photograph and analyze the abrasive state on the surface of the sealing sample and the adhesion state on the surface of the grinding head.

7. The method for detecting wear of wheel hub bearing unit seals according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S9 step analyzes and judges the wear resistance of the sealing sample by calculating the rubber wear amount per unit circumference. The rubber wear amount is calculated based on the weight reduction, lip circumference, and set unit circumference.

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