A cryogenic optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-temperature optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange, comprising an element body, the top of the element body is set as a mirror surface, the bottom of the element body is provided with a grid, the grid is provided with a plurality of through holes parallel to the mirror surface, the bottom of the element body is provided with a heat exchange throttling component and a limiting shell, an evaporation chamber is formed between the limiting shell and the element body, and the heat exchange throttling component is arranged in the evaporation chamber; the heat exchange throttling component comprises a refrigerant transmission pipeline, the refrigerant transmission pipeline is arranged on the circumferential plane of the grid, and a plurality of heat exchange structures and throttling cooling components are evenly arranged on the refrigerant transmission pipeline. The refrigerant enters the interior of the element body through the refrigerant transmission pipeline, completes throttling and cooling through the heat exchange throttling component, and then enters the evaporation chamber, flows back and forth between the grids, and the working medium that completes the heat exchange flows out through the outlet hole at the bottom of the limiting shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of cryogenic optics, in particular to a cryogenic optical component with internally integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the application scope of infrared detection instruments is becoming wider and wider, especially in the fields of aerospace and military. The background thermal noise caused by the optical system and components in the field of view of the detection instrument seriously affects the detection sensitivity of the instrument, so it is necessary to use a low-temperature optical system to reduce the thermal radiation of the optical system.

[0003] With the increasing requirements for resolution in infrared optical systems, cryogenic optics has become an important research direction for infrared imagers. At present, the existing infrared cryogenic optical systems mostly use the traditional thermal control method of combining refrigerators with heat pipes to complete cold chain transmission. Usually, the cooling process of the refrigerator takes more than 2 days, the cooling speed is slow, and the heat leakage loss between the optical system and the transmission cold chain is difficult to avoid, resulting in a waste of refrigeration power resources, increasing the power consumption and load weight on the satellite. The cooling speed of the optical system has become a key factor restricting the response speed of infrared detection instruments. Therefore, we propose a cryogenic optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a low-temperature optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange to solve the problems of slow cooling rate of infrared optical system and excessive heat leakage loss between transmission cold chains.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the basic scheme of the present invention is as follows: a low-temperature optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange, including an element body, a mirror is provided on the top of the element body, a grid is provided at the bottom of the element body, a plurality of through holes are provided on the grid, a heat exchange throttling component and a limiting shell are designed at the bottom of the element body, an evaporation chamber is formed between the limiting shell and the grid, the heat exchange throttling component is arranged in the evaporation chamber, and an outlet hole is provided at the bottom of the limiting shell.

[0006] The principle of the basic solution: During operation, the refrigerant enters the element body, completes throttling and cooling through the heat exchange throttling component to obtain a low-temperature working medium. After throttling, the low-temperature working medium enters the evaporation chamber again and flows back and forth between the grids at the bottom of the element body. The turbulence enhances the heat exchange, and the through holes on the grids ensure that the low-temperature working medium flows fully between the grids, thereby improving the temperature uniformity on the element body. The low-temperature working medium fully exchanges heat with the heat exchange structure on the transport pipeline to achieve pre-cooling, and finally the working medium that has completed the heat exchange flows out through the outlet hole at the bottom of the limiting shell.

[0007] Advantages of the basic solution: The integrated setting of the element body and the heat exchange throttling component not only realizes the integrated design of the element body and the throttling refrigeration equipment, making the heat transfer between the element body and the refrigeration equipment "zero thermal resistance", but also fundamentally reduces the cooling time of the optical system through the innovative design of rapid throttling refrigeration and integrated design; and omits the transmission cold chain to avoid heat leakage loss during the transmission process; it also reduces the overall weight and volume of the low-temperature optical system; at the same time, the mirror surface on the top of the element body forms a dry gas atmosphere, so that the low-temperature element body will not have low-temperature condensation and frost problems when used in the atmospheric environment.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat exchange throttling component includes a refrigerant transmission pipeline, which is arranged on the grid circumferential plane, and a plurality of heat exchange structures and throttling and cooling elements are evenly arranged on the refrigerant transmission pipeline.

[0009] Beneficial effect: The refrigerant enters the component through the refrigerant transmission pipeline, and the refrigerant is pre-cooled by the heat exchange structure, so that the refrigerant can achieve a certain temperature reduction before throttling, and then the refrigerant is throttled and cooled by the throttling cooling element.

[0010] Furthermore, the grid is etched using laser.

[0011] Beneficial effects: The grid is integrated with the element body by laser etching, and the grid structure at the bottom of the element body not only makes the element body lightweight and reduces weight, but also increases the heat exchange area between the element body and the refrigerant, thereby enhancing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0012] Furthermore, the refrigerant transmission pipeline is composed of an internal transport pipeline and an external transport pipeline, and the internal transport pipeline includes a refrigerant transmission annular pipeline.

[0013] Beneficial effect: The transmission pipeline is designed in combination with the shape of the optical element and the heat transfer characteristics. In this case, it is designed as a ring shape inside the low-temperature optical component. The ring pipeline can make the refrigerant cool more evenly.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat exchange structure is fixedly sleeved on the internal transport pipeline.

[0015] Beneficial effect: The heat exchange structure is evenly and fixedly sleeved on the internal transport pipeline, which can make the refrigerant cool more evenly.

[0016] Furthermore, the throttling and cooling element is arranged on the inner wall of the internal transport pipe, and the throttling and cooling element is parallel to the mirror plane, and the throttling and cooling element includes a throttling capillary.

[0017] Beneficial effect: The throttling and cooling elements are evenly arranged along the inner wall of the internal transport pipeline. During the transmission of the refrigerant along the internal transport pipeline, part of the heat is discharged along the throttling and cooling elements, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling. At the same time, the throttling and cooling elements are parallel to the mirror surface, which can make the evaporation chamber evenly pressurized.

[0018] Furthermore, a heat-insulating layer is bonded to the inner wall of the limiting shell.

[0019] Beneficial effect: The inner wall of the limiting shell is bonded with an insulation layer, which can isolate the heat transfer between the low-temperature fluid in the evaporation chamber and the external environment, while reducing the heat generated by the limiting shell itself.

[0020] The heat load generated by the body further enhances the low-temperature insulation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is an isometric view of the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is an isometric view of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is an isometric view of the internal structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is an isometric view of the component body of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is an axial view of the heat exchange throttling component of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 1 is an isometric view of a restriction housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0028] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: element body 1, heat exchange throttling component 2, limiting shell 3, mirror 11, grid 12, through hole 13, internal transport pipeline 21, external transport pipeline 22, throttling and cooling element 23, heat exchange structure 24, insulation layer 31, outlet hole 32.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] Embodiment 1 is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown:

[0031] A low-temperature optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange, comprising an element body 1, a mirror surface 11 is provided on the top of the element body 1, a grid 12 is provided on the bottom of the element body 1, the grid 12 is laser etched, a plurality of through holes 13 are provided on the grid 12, a heat exchange throttling component 2 and a limiting shell 3 are designed at the bottom of the element body 1, an evaporation chamber is formed between the limiting shell 3 and the grid 12, the heat exchange throttling component 2 is arranged in the evaporation chamber, an outlet hole 32 is provided at the bottom of the limiting shell 3, and an insulation layer 31 is bonded to the inner wall of the limiting shell 3;

[0032] The heat exchange throttling component 2 includes a refrigerant transmission pipeline, a throttling and cooling element and a heat exchange structure 24. The refrigerant transmission pipeline is composed of an external transport pipeline 22 and an internal transport pipeline 21. The refrigerant transmission pipeline is arranged on the circumferential plane of the grid 12. A plurality of heat exchange structures 24 and throttling and cooling elements 23 are evenly arranged on the refrigerant transmission pipeline.

[0033] The refrigerant transmission pipeline is composed of an internal transport pipeline 21 and an external transport pipeline 22; the heat exchange structure 24 is fixedly sleeved on the internal transport pipeline 21; the throttling and cooling element 23 is arranged on the inner wall of the internal transport pipeline 21, and the throttling and cooling element 23 includes a throttling capillary.

[0034] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0035] During operation, the refrigerant passes through the external transport pipe 22 and enters the heat exchange throttling component 2 along the internal transport pipe 21. The heat exchange structure 24 is used to pre-cool the refrigerant so that the refrigerant can be cooled to a certain extent before throttling. The throttling and cooling element 23 is then used to throttle and cool the refrigerant to obtain a low-temperature working medium. After throttling, the low-temperature working medium enters the evaporation chamber and flows back and forth between the grids 12. The turbulence enhances the heat exchange, and the through holes 13 on the grids 12 ensure that the low-temperature working medium flows fully between the grids 12, thereby improving the temperature uniformity on the element body 1. The low-temperature working medium that has completed the heat exchange flows out through the outlet hole 32 at the bottom of the limiting shell 3.

[0036] By adopting such a scheme, the integrated setting of the element body 1 and the heat exchange throttling component 2 not only realizes the integrated design of the element body 1 and the throttling refrigeration equipment, so that the element body 1 and the refrigeration equipment have "zero thermal resistance" heat transfer, which fundamentally reduces the heat leakage loss between the optical system and the transmission cold chain; it also reduces the overall weight and volume of the low-temperature optical system; at the same time, the mirror 11 on the top of the element body 1 forms a dry gas atmosphere, so that the low-temperature element body 1 will not have low-temperature condensation and frost problems when used in the atmospheric environment; the inner wall of the limiting shell 3 is bonded with an insulation layer 31, which can isolate the heat transfer between the low-temperature fluid in the evaporation chamber and the external environment, and at the same time reduce the heat load generated by the limiting shell 3 itself, further enhancing the low-temperature insulation effect, because the throttling cooling element 23 is evenly arranged along the inner wall of the internal transport pipe 21, part of the heat is discharged along the throttling cooling element 23 during the transmission of the refrigerant along the internal transport pipe 21, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling. The throttling cooling element 23 can evenly cool the refrigerant; the throttling cooling element 23 is parallel to the mirror 11, so that the evaporation chamber can be evenly pressurized.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the optical mirror 11 on the top of the element body 1 can be replaced by a refractor; the grid 12 can be 3D printed; the gas source of the refrigerant can be selected from a ground gas source or a gas cylinder according to the ground test or launch requirements.

[0039] The specific implementation process of the second embodiment is as follows:

[0040] During operation, the refrigerant passes through the external transport pipe 22 and enters the heat exchange throttling component 2 along the internal transport pipe 21. The heat exchange structure 24 is used to pre-cool the refrigerant so that the refrigerant can be cooled to a certain extent before throttling. The throttling and cooling element 23 is then used to throttle and cool the refrigerant to obtain a low-temperature working medium. After throttling, the low-temperature working medium enters the evaporation chamber and flows back and forth between the grids 12. The turbulence enhances the heat exchange, and the through holes 13 on the grids 12 ensure that the low-temperature working medium flows fully between the grids 12, thereby improving the temperature uniformity on the element body 1. The low-temperature working medium that has completed the heat exchange flows out through the outlet hole 32 at the bottom of the limiting shell 3.

[0041] By adopting such a scheme, the integrated setting of the element body 1 and the heat exchange throttling component 2 not only realizes the integrated design of the element body 1 and the throttling refrigeration equipment, so that the element body 1 and the refrigeration equipment have "zero thermal resistance" heat transfer, which fundamentally reduces the heat leakage loss between the optical system and the transmission cold chain; it also reduces the overall weight and volume of the low-temperature optical system; at the same time, the mirror surface 11 on the top of the element body 1 forms a dry gas atmosphere, so that the low-temperature element body 1 will not have low-temperature condensation and frost problems when used in the atmospheric environment; the inner wall of the limiting shell 3 is bonded with an insulation layer 31, which can isolate the heat transfer between the low-temperature fluid in the evaporation chamber and the external environment, and at the same time reduce the heat load generated by the limiting shell 3 itself, further enhancing the low-temperature insulation effect, because the throttling cooling element 23 is evenly arranged along the inner wall of the internal transport pipe 21, part of the heat is discharged along the throttling cooling element 23 during the transmission of the refrigerant along the internal transport pipe 21, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling. The throttling cooling element 23 can evenly cool the refrigerant; the throttling cooling element 23 is parallel to the refraction mirror, which can make the evaporation chamber evenly pressurized.

[0042] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and / or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A cryogenic optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange, characterized in that: The device comprises an element body, the top of the element body is set as a mirror surface, the bottom of the element body is provided with a grid, the grid is provided with a plurality of through holes parallel to the mirror surface, the bottom of the element body is designed with a heat exchange throttling component and a limiting shell, an evaporation chamber is formed between the limiting shell and the grid, the heat exchange throttling component is arranged in the evaporation chamber, and the bottom of the limiting shell is provided with an outlet hole; The heat exchange throttling component includes a refrigerant transmission pipeline, which is arranged on the grid circumferential plane, and a plurality of heat exchange structures and throttling cooling elements are evenly arranged on the refrigerant transmission pipeline; The refrigerant transmission pipeline is composed of an internal transport pipeline and an external transport pipeline; The throttling and cooling element is arranged on the inner wall of the internal transport pipeline, and the throttling and cooling element is parallel to the mirror surface, and the throttling and cooling element includes a throttling capillary.

2. The low-temperature optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid is laser etched.

3. The cryogenic optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange structure is fixedly sleeved on the internal transport pipeline.

4. The low-temperature optical component with internal integrated throttling refrigeration and enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the limiting shell is bonded with a thermal insulation layer.

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