A double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving equipment for jet rock breaking, and relates to a double-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device and method, comprising a primary vortex tube, a secondary vortex tube, a primary high-temperature fluid channel, a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet, a jet drill bit, a low-temperature fluid outlet and a shell; a primary vortex tube is arranged at the front of the shell, the low-temperature fluid output end of the primary vortex tube is connected with the secondary vortex tube, the primary vortex tube is also connected with the primary high-temperature fluid channel, a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet and a low-temperature fluid outlet are arranged at the output end of the secondary vortex tube, the primary high-temperature fluid channel is connected with the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet, and the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet and the low-temperature fluid outlet are connected with the jet drill bit; the device superimposes the high and low temperature shunting effects of the two-stage vortex tubes, so that the temperature difference of the supercritical carbon dioxide jet is more than 5 times under the same pressure, and utilizes the coupling effect of alternating temperature stress and impact pressure to achieve efficient rock breaking effect, energy saving and environmental protection.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving jet rock breaking equipment, and relates to an equipment and method for thermal jet rock breaking by utilizing the high and low temperature flow diversion characteristics of fluids such as supercritical carbon dioxide through a vortex tube, in particular, a double-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device and method, which can generate two fluids with a high temperature difference, and the fluids do not need additional energy consumption for cooling or heating, and are green, low-carbon, environmentally friendly and energy-saving. Background technology:

[0002] Jetting is an efficient rock-breaking technology used in mining, oil and gas extraction and other fields. At present, increasing the jet pressure is the main method to increase the rock-breaking capacity, but this method will greatly increase energy consumption, equipment costs and construction risks. Especially in the case of high circulation pressure loss in deep wells and limited surface pump pressure, the jet pressure is limited, and how to increase the rock-breaking capacity of the jet becomes a key bottleneck problem. The thermal rock-breaking method is mainly affected by the thermodynamic properties of the material, but has little correlation with the mechanical properties of the material, and the thermal shock energy weakens the strength of the material, thereby showing a high crushing efficiency. However, the erosion specific energy of lasers, electron beams, microwaves, hot melts and plasma is high, and the power and reliability of generators, the transmission efficiency of cables, and the anti-electromagnetic interference ability of electronic equipment limit the promotion and application of these technologies. Liquid nitrogen and high-temperature steam jets also show high rock-breaking efficiency, but changing the fluid temperature will additionally increase energy consumption, equipment complexity and construction costs.

[0003] Temperature and pressure changes occur simultaneously in the supercritical carbon dioxide jet (about 30°C temperature difference under a pressure difference of 20MPa). Under thermal coupling, its rock breaking specific energy is 50% and 30% of that of the water jet at the same pressure; however, the threshold pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide jet in engineering applications is still above 60MPa, and the upper limit of the boosting pump on site is mostly less than 30MPa, which limits the promotion and application of this technology. Further increasing the temperature difference to reduce the threshold pressure of jet rock breaking is an effective means to solve the above problems.

[0004] In the existing patent technology, the Chinese patent with publication number CN114810194A discloses a method for extracting gas by fracturing coal bodies by circulating cold and hot air, which belongs to the field of coal mine safety. The present invention combines a vortex tube with an air pressurizing device to separate high-pressure air into cold and hot air. According to the situation of the coal seam on site, the separated high-pressure cold and hot air is injected into adjacent boreholes, thereby forming a large temperature difference between the injected air and the coal seam, thereby reducing the compressive strength of the coal body and deteriorating the mechanical properties, thereby generating a large number of cracks, expanding or increasing the path for gas to flow in the coal seam, and improving the fluidity of the gas. The Chinese patent with publication number CN112393462A discloses a high-temperature heat pump system with a vortex tube heating belt and a double evaporation heat absorber, including a collector, a vortex tube, a compressor, a gas-liquid separator, a throttle valve, an air source evaporator, a waste heat source evaporator, an evaporation pressure regulating valve, an ejector and a heat exchanger.

[0005] The vortex tube is a device that generates temperature difference. It can instantly split compressed air of about 0.5MPa into two hot and cold air streams with a temperature difference of more than 100℃. Compared with the temperature change under the same pressure difference jet, the temperature difference generated by the vortex tube is more than 20 times greater. Therefore, further reducing the threshold pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide jet rock breaking through the high and low temperature diversion effect of the vortex tube is the key to the development of this jet rock breaking technology. Summary of the invention:

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to address the problems of weak anti-electromagnetic interference ability of existing jet rock breaking equipment, high energy consumption of liquid nitrogen and high-temperature steam jets, complex equipment and high construction costs; utilizing the high and low temperature shunt characteristics of compressible fluids such as supercritical carbon dioxide in a vortex tube, a double-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device and method are designed, which has low energy consumption and significant rock breaking effect.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention relates to a double-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device, whose main structure includes a primary vortex tube, a secondary vortex tube, a primary high-temperature fluid channel, a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet, a jet drill bit, a low-temperature fluid outlet and a shell; a primary vortex tube is arranged at the front of the shell, and the low-temperature fluid output end of the primary vortex tube is connected with the input end of the secondary vortex tube, the primary vortex tube is also connected with the primary high-temperature fluid channel, and the output end of the secondary vortex tube is provided with a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet and a low-temperature fluid outlet, the output end of the primary high-temperature fluid channel is connected with the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet, and the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet and the low-temperature fluid outlet are respectively connected with the jet drill bit.

[0008] The primary vortex tube described in the present invention comprises a primary spiral rod, a primary spiral flow channel and a primary vortex chamber, wherein the primary vortex tube inlet is arranged at the front end of a shell with a cylindrical structure, and the primary vortex tube inlet is used to connect a supercritical compressible fluid with a pressure of 10MPa-30MPa; a cylindrical primary spiral rod is arranged at the rear end of the primary vortex tube inlet, the primary spiral rod is fixedly connected to the shell, a primary spiral flow channel with a spiral tubular structure is embedded in the outer periphery of the primary spiral rod, and the rear side of the primary spiral flow channel is connected to the primary vortex chamber; the rear end of the primary vortex chamber of the primary vortex tube is connected to the input end of the secondary spiral flow channel.

[0009] The secondary vortex tube described in the present invention comprises a secondary vortex tube inlet, a secondary spiral rod, a secondary spiral flow channel, a secondary vortex cavity and an insulation cylinder; the secondary vortex tube inlet is connected to the rear end of the primary vortex cavity, a secondary spiral rod with a cylindrical structure is arranged at the rear end of the secondary vortex tube inlet, a secondary spiral flow channel with a spiral tubular structure is embedded in the outer periphery of the secondary spiral rod, the outer end of the secondary spiral rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall side of the front half of the insulation cylinder with a cylindrical structure, the insulation cylinder is made of insulation material, and the front half of the insulation cylinder cavity is the secondary vortex cavity; the outer wall of the insulation cylinder is fixedly connected to the shell clamping wall with a cylindrical structure, and the upper half of the rear end of the shell clamping wall is fixedly connected to the shell body.

[0010] A first-level high-temperature fluid channel with an annular groove structure is arranged between the shell clamp wall and the shell body described in the present invention, and a connecting pipe is connected to the lower side of the rear end of the first-level high-temperature fluid channel. The circular diameter of the first-level high-temperature fluid channel is larger than the circular diameter of the connecting pipe, so as to pressurize the high-temperature fluid. A second-level high-temperature fluid outlet with an "L"-shaped structure is provided on the lower side of the rear end of the insulation tube and the shell clamp wall. The vertical pipe of the second-level high-temperature fluid outlet is connected to the secondary vortex cavity, and the turning point of the second-level high-temperature fluid outlet pipe is connected to the connecting pipe.

[0011] The transverse pipe of the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet described in the present invention is connected to the front of the high-temperature water jet hole in the lower half of the jet drill bit. The high-temperature water jet hole is divided into more than two branches from the front main pipe backwards. The rear end branch pipe opening of the high-temperature water jet hole is connected to the rear end outer side of the jet drill bit. The front end of the jet drill bit with a truncated cone structure is connected to the rear end of the shell.

[0012] The rear end of the secondary vortex chamber described in the present invention is connected to the front end of the low-temperature fluid outlet of the inverted "Z"-shaped structure, and the diameter of the pipe at the input end of the low-temperature fluid outlet is larger than the diameter of the pipe at the output end of the low-temperature fluid outlet, thereby pressurizing the low-temperature fluid; the pipe opening at the output end of the low-temperature fluid outlet is connected to the front of the low-temperature water jet hole in the upper half of the jet drill, and the low-temperature water jet hole is divided into more than two branches from the front main pipe backwards, and the rear end branch pipe opening of the low-temperature water jet hole is connected to the rear end outer side of the jet drill.

[0013] The primary spiral rod and the primary spiral flow channel of the present invention convert the fluid pressure energy into 2-4 high-speed rotating jets, and multiple jets in the primary vortex cavity form a high-speed rotating vortex, which is divided as the vortex develops to produce high and low temperature fluids with a temperature difference of 100°C-120°C, and the primary low temperature fluid in the center of the vortex flows into the inlet of the secondary vortex tube, and the primary high temperature fluid at the edge of the vortex flows into the primary high temperature fluid outlet; the secondary spiral rod and the secondary spiral flow channel again convert the primary low temperature fluid pressure energy into 2-4 high-speed rotating jets, and the vortex in the secondary vortex cavity is formed, developed and divided to produce high and low temperature fluids, and the secondary low temperature fluid in the center of the vortex flows into the low temperature fluid outlet, and the secondary high temperature fluid at the edge of the vortex flows into the secondary high temperature fluid outlet; the secondary high temperature fluid outlet and the low temperature fluid outlet are respectively connected to the low temperature jet water eye and the high temperature jet water eye on the jet drill bit, and the high and low temperature fluid divided after passing through the vortex tube is jetted onto the rock through the jet drill bit, producing a thermal coupling rock breaking effect.

[0014] The method for realizing supercritical carbon dioxide thermal jet rock breaking by the double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device of the present invention comprises primary flow splitting, secondary flow splitting, high and low temperature fluid output and high temperature difference rock breaking; the specific steps are:

[0015] (1) Primary flow splitting: A supercritical carbon dioxide compressible fluid of 10MPa-30MPa after being pressurized is introduced into the inlet of the primary vortex tube of the double vortex type high temperature difference jet rock breaking device, and the compressible fluid passes through the primary vortex tube to generate high temperature and low temperature fluids with a temperature difference of 100°C-120°C;

[0016] (2) Secondary flow splitting: The high-temperature fluid flows out through the inlet of the secondary vortex tube, and the low-temperature fluid passes through the secondary vortex tube to generate a secondary low-temperature fluid and a secondary high-temperature fluid with a temperature difference of about 80°C-100°C;

[0017] (3) High and low temperature fluid output: The secondary high temperature fluid merges with the primary high temperature fluid after the primary vortex tube to produce a mixed high temperature fluid with a temperature rise of 90°C-110°C. The mixed high temperature fluid is ejected through the high temperature water jet on the drill bit, and the rock is broken by the coupling effect of high temperature thermal fracture and impact pressure; the secondary low temperature fluid cooled by 100-120°C through the two-stage vortex tube is ejected through the low temperature water jet on the drill bit, and the rock is broken by the coupling effect of low temperature thermal fracture and impact pressure. The temperature difference between the mixed high temperature fluid and the secondary low temperature fluid is 180-220°C;

[0018] (4) Rock breaking by high temperature difference: The jet drill bit rotates at a speed of 5-20 rpm. The rock undergoes a temperature change of 180-220°C in the high-temperature and low-temperature jets. The rock is destroyed under the coupling effect of alternating temperature stress and impact pressure.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the dual-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device and method designed in the present invention has a reasonable main structure. Through the superposition of the high and low temperature diversion effects of the two-stage vortex tubes, the temperature difference of the supercritical carbon dioxide jet under the same pressure can be increased by more than 5 times; the low-temperature jet will greatly increase the shear stress and internal tensile stress on the rock surface, and the coupling effect of the alternating temperature stress and the impact pressure can increase the destructive stress. Under the premise of ensuring low energy consumption, efficient rock breaking effect is achieved, energy saving and environmental protection are achieved, and it can be applied to the mining of coal, iron, oil and other minerals, with a wide range of application scenarios. Description of the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a vertically cut section of a double-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device involved in the present invention. Specific implementation method:

[0021] The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Embodiment 1:

[0023] This embodiment involves a double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device, such as Figure 1As shown, the main structure includes a primary vortex tube inlet 1, a primary spiral rod 2, a primary spiral flow channel 3, a primary vortex chamber 4, a secondary vortex tube inlet 5, a primary high-temperature fluid channel 6, a secondary spiral rod 7, a secondary spiral flow channel 8, a secondary vortex chamber 9, an insulation tube 10, a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet 11, a low-temperature fluid outlet 12, a shell 13, a jet drill 14, a low-temperature jet water eye 15, a high-temperature jet water eye 16, a shell wall 17 and a connecting pipe 18; wherein the front end of the shell 13 of the cylindrical structure is provided with a primary vortex tube inlet 1, and the primary vortex tube inlet 1 is used to connect a compressible fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with a pressure of 10MPa-30MPa; the rear end of the primary vortex tube inlet 1 is provided with a cylindrical one The first-stage spiral rod 2 is fixedly connected to the shell 13, the outer circumference of the first-stage spiral rod 2 is embedded with a first-stage spiral flow channel 3 of a spiral tubular structure, the rear side of the first-stage spiral flow channel 3 is connected with the first-stage vortex chamber 4, and the first-stage spiral rod 2, the first-stage spiral flow channel 3 and the first-stage vortex chamber 4 constitute a first-stage vortex tube; the rear end of the first-stage vortex tube is connected with the second-stage vortex tube inlet 5, and the rear end of the second-stage vortex tube inlet 5 is provided with a second-stage spiral rod 7 of a cylindrical structure, the outer circumference of the second-stage spiral rod 7 is embedded with a second-stage spiral flow channel 8 of a spiral tubular structure, the outer end of the second-stage spiral rod 7 is fixedly connected to the inner wall side of the front half of the cylindrical structure of the heat-insulating tube 10, the heat-insulating tube 10 is made of heat-insulating material, and the front half of the heat-insulating tube 10 is A secondary vortex chamber 9; a secondary vortex tube inlet 5, a secondary spiral rod 7, a secondary spiral flow channel 8, a secondary vortex chamber 9 and an insulating tube 10 constitute a secondary vortex tube; the outer wall of the insulating tube 10 is fixedly connected to the shell clamp wall 17 of a cylindrical structure, and the upper half of the rear end of the shell clamp wall 17 is fixedly connected to the shell body 13, and a primary high-temperature fluid channel 6 of an annular groove structure is arranged between the shell clamp wall 17 and the shell body 13, and a connecting pipe 18 is connected to the lower side of the rear end of the primary high-temperature fluid channel 6, and the circular diameter of the primary high-temperature fluid channel 6 is larger than the circular diameter of the connecting pipe 18, so as to pressurize the high-temperature fluid, and a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet 11 of an "L"-shaped structure is provided on the lower side of the rear end of the insulating tube 10 and the shell clamp wall 17, and the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet 11 is The vertical pipeline is connected to the secondary vortex chamber 9, the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet 11 pipeline turning point is connected to the connecting pipe 18, the transverse pipeline of the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet 11 is connected to the front of the high-temperature water jet hole 16 in the lower half of the jet drill 14, the high-temperature water jet hole 16 is divided into two or more branches from the front main pipe backward, the rear end branch pipe opening of the high-temperature water jet hole 16 is connected to the rear end outer side of the jet drill 14, and the front end of the jet drill 14 with a truncated cone structure is connected to the rear end of the shell 13; the rear end of the secondary vortex chamber 9 is connected to the front end of the low-temperature fluid outlet 12 with an inverted "Z" shape structure, and the diameter of the input end pipeline of the low-temperature fluid outlet 12 is greater than the diameter of the output end pipeline of the low-temperature fluid outlet 12, so as to pressurize the low-temperature fluid;The output pipe port of the low-temperature fluid outlet 12 is connected to the front of the low-temperature water jet hole 15 in the upper half of the jet drill 14. The low-temperature water jet hole 15 is divided into two or more branch pipes from the front main pipe to the rear. The rear end branch pipe port of the low-temperature water jet hole 15 is connected to the rear end outer side of the jet drill 14.

[0024] The primary spiral rod 2 and the primary spiral flow channel 3 described in this embodiment convert the fluid pressure energy into 2-4 high-speed rotating jets, and multiple jets in the primary vortex chamber 4 form a high-speed rotating vortex, which is divided as the vortex develops to produce high and low temperature fluids with a temperature difference of 100°C-120°C. The primary low temperature fluid at the center of the vortex flows into the secondary vortex tube inlet 5, and the primary high temperature fluid at the edge of the vortex flows into the primary high temperature fluid outlet 6; the secondary spiral rod 7 and the secondary spiral flow channel 8 again convert the primary low temperature fluid pressure energy into 2-4 high-speed rotating jets, and the vortex in the secondary vortex chamber 9 is formed, developed and divided to produce high and low temperature fluids, the secondary low temperature fluid at the center of the vortex flows into the low temperature fluid outlet 12, and the secondary high temperature fluid at the edge of the vortex flows into the secondary high temperature fluid outlet 11; the secondary high temperature fluid outlet 11 and the low temperature fluid outlet 12 are respectively connected to the low temperature jet water hole 15 and the high temperature jet water hole 16 on the jet drill bit 14, and the high and low temperature fluid divided after passing through the vortex tube is jetted onto the rock through the jet drill bit 14, producing a thermal coupling rock breaking effect.

[0025] The method for supercritical carbon dioxide thermal jet rock breaking by the double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device described in this embodiment includes primary flow splitting, secondary flow splitting, high and low temperature fluid output and high temperature difference rock breaking; the specific steps are:

[0026] (1) Primary flow splitting: A compressible fluid such as supercritical carbon dioxide with a pressure of 10MPa-30MPa is connected to the primary vortex tube inlet 1 of the dual-vortex high-temperature difference jet rock breaking device. After the compressible fluid passes through the primary vortex tube, a high-temperature and a low-temperature fluid with a temperature difference of 100°C-120°C are generated;

[0027] (2) Secondary flow splitting: The high-temperature fluid flows out through the secondary vortex tube inlet 5, and the low-temperature fluid passes through the secondary vortex tube to generate a secondary low-temperature fluid and a secondary high-temperature fluid with a temperature difference of about 80°C-100°C;

[0028] (3) High and low temperature fluid output: The secondary high temperature fluid merges with the primary high temperature fluid after the primary vortex tube to generate a mixed high temperature fluid with a temperature rise of 90°C-110°C. The mixed high temperature fluid is ejected through the high temperature water jet hole 16 on the drill bit, and the rock is broken by the coupling effect of high temperature thermal fracture and impact pressure; the secondary low temperature fluid cooled by 100-120°C through the two-stage vortex tube is ejected through the low temperature water jet hole 15 on the drill bit, and the rock is broken by the coupling effect of low temperature thermal fracture and impact pressure. The temperature difference between the mixed high temperature fluid and the secondary low temperature fluid is 180-220°C;

[0029] (4) Rock breaking by high temperature difference: The jet drill bit 14 rotates at a speed of 5-20 rpm. The rock undergoes a temperature change of 180-220°C in the high temperature and low temperature jets. The rock is destroyed under the coupling effect of alternating temperature stress and impact pressure.

[0030] The working principle of the double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device described in this embodiment is:

[0031] Compressed air of 0.5 MPa at room temperature can produce two high and low temperature fluids with a minimum of about -40°C and a maximum of about 120°C after passing through a vortex tube. Therefore, the present invention integrates the vortex tube structure into the downhole tool. Through the superposition of the high and low temperature shunt effects of the two-stage vortex tubes, the high and low temperature shunt effect of supercritical carbon dioxide of about 180-220°C can be achieved, and then the jet rock breaking threshold pressure is reduced through the coupling effect of alternating temperature stress and impact pressure.

Claims

1. A double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device, characterized in that: It includes a primary vortex tube, a secondary vortex tube, a primary high-temperature fluid channel, a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet, a jet drill, a low-temperature fluid outlet and a shell; A primary vortex tube is arranged at the front of the shell, and the primary vortex tube comprises a primary spiral rod, a primary spiral flow channel and a primary vortex chamber, wherein the primary vortex tube inlet is arranged at the front end of the shell of the cylindrical structure, and the primary vortex tube inlet is used to connect the supercritical compressible fluid with a pressure of 10MPa-30MPa; A cylindrical primary spiral rod is arranged at the rear end of the primary vortex tube inlet, the primary spiral rod is fixedly connected to the shell, a primary spiral flow channel with a spiral tubular structure is embedded in the outer circumference of the primary spiral rod, and the rear side of the primary spiral flow channel is connected with the primary vortex cavity; the rear end of the primary vortex cavity of the primary vortex tube is connected with the input end of the secondary spiral flow channel; the low-temperature fluid output end of the primary vortex tube is connected with the input end of the secondary vortex tube, and the secondary vortex tube includes a secondary vortex tube inlet, a secondary spiral rod, a secondary spiral flow channel, a secondary vortex cavity and an insulation tube; the secondary vortex tube inlet is connected with the rear end of the primary vortex cavity, and a cylindrical secondary spiral rod is arranged at the rear end of the secondary vortex tube inlet. A secondary spiral flow channel of a spiral tubular structure is embedded in the outer circumference of the spiral rod, the outer end of the secondary spiral rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall side of the front half of the heat-insulating cylinder of the cylindrical structure, the heat-insulating cylinder is made of heat-insulating material, and the cylinder cavity of the front half of the heat-insulating cylinder is a secondary vortex cavity; the outer wall of the heat-insulating cylinder is fixedly connected to the shell clamp wall of the cylindrical structure, and the rear end upper half of the shell clamp wall is fixedly connected to the shell; the primary vortex tube is also connected to the primary high-temperature fluid channel, and the output end of the secondary vortex tube is provided with a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet and a low-temperature fluid outlet, the output end of the primary high-temperature fluid channel is connected to the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet, and the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet and the low-temperature fluid outlet are respectively connected to the jet drill bit; A primary high-temperature fluid channel with an annular groove structure is arranged between the shell clamp wall and the shell body, a connecting pipe is connected to the lower side of the rear end of the primary high-temperature fluid channel, the circular diameter of the primary high-temperature fluid channel is larger than the circular diameter of the connecting pipe, so as to pressurize the high-temperature fluid, a secondary high-temperature fluid outlet with an "L"-shaped structure is provided on the lower side of the rear end of the insulation cylinder and the shell clamp wall, the vertical pipe of the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet is connected to the secondary vortex cavity, and the turning point of the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet pipe is connected to the connecting pipe.

2. The double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transverse pipe of the secondary high-temperature fluid outlet is connected to the front of the high-temperature water jet hole in the lower half of the jet drill bit. The high-temperature water jet hole is divided into two or more branches from the front main pipe backwards. The rear end branch pipe opening of the high-temperature water jet hole is connected to the rear end outer side of the jet drill bit. The front end of the jet drill bit with a truncated cone structure is connected to the rear end of the shell.

3. The double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rear end of the secondary vortex cavity is connected with the front end of the low-temperature fluid outlet of the inverted "Z"-shaped structure, and the diameter of the pipe at the input end of the low-temperature fluid outlet is larger than the diameter of the pipe at the output end of the low-temperature fluid outlet, thereby pressurizing the low-temperature fluid; the pipe outlet at the output end of the low-temperature fluid outlet is connected with the front part of the low-temperature water jet hole in the upper half of the jet drill, and the low-temperature water jet hole is divided into more than two branches from the front main pipe to the rear, and the rear end branch pipe outlet of the low-temperature water jet hole is connected with the rear end outer side of the jet drill.

4. The double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The primary spiral rod and the primary spiral flow channel convert the fluid pressure energy into 2-4 high-speed rotating jets. Multiple jets in the primary vortex cavity form a high-speed rotating vortex, which is divided as the vortex develops to produce high and low temperature fluids with a temperature difference of 100°C-120°C. The primary low temperature fluid in the center of the vortex flows into the inlet of the secondary vortex tube, and the primary high temperature fluid at the edge of the vortex flows into the primary high temperature fluid outlet; the secondary spiral rod and the secondary spiral flow channel again convert the primary low temperature fluid pressure energy into 2-4 high-speed rotating jets. The vortex in the secondary vortex cavity is formed, developed and divided to produce high and low temperature fluids. The secondary low temperature fluid in the center of the vortex flows into the low temperature fluid outlet, and the secondary high temperature fluid at the edge of the vortex flows into the secondary high temperature fluid outlet; the secondary high temperature fluid outlet and the low temperature fluid outlet are respectively connected to the low temperature jet water eye and the high temperature jet water eye on the jet drill bit. The high and low temperature fluid divided after passing through the vortex tube is jetted onto the rock through the jet drill bit, producing a thermal coupling rock breaking effect.

5. The double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The supercritical compressible fluid is supercritical carbon dioxide fluid.

6. The double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The double vortex high temperature difference jet rock breaking device realizes a method for supercritical carbon dioxide thermal jet rock breaking, including primary flow splitting, secondary flow splitting, high and low temperature fluid output and high temperature difference rock breaking; the specific steps are: (1) Primary flow splitting: A supercritical carbon dioxide compressible fluid of 10MPa-30MPa after being pressurized is introduced from the inlet of the primary vortex tube of the double vortex type high temperature difference jet rock breaking device. After the compressible fluid passes through the primary vortex tube, a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid with a temperature difference of 100°C-120°C are generated; (2) Secondary flow diversion: The high-temperature fluid flows out through the inlet of the secondary vortex tube, and the low-temperature fluid passes through the secondary vortex tube to generate a secondary low-temperature fluid and a secondary high-temperature fluid with a temperature difference of 80°C-100°C; (3) High and low temperature fluid output: The secondary high temperature fluid merges with the primary high temperature fluid after the primary vortex tube to produce a mixed high temperature fluid with a temperature rise of 90℃-110℃. The mixed high temperature fluid is ejected through the high temperature water jet on the drill bit, and the rock is broken by the coupling effect of high temperature thermal fracture and impact pressure. The secondary low temperature fluid cooled by 100-120℃ through the two-stage vortex tube is ejected through the low temperature water jet on the drill bit, and the rock is broken by the coupling effect of low temperature thermal fracture and impact pressure. The temperature difference between the mixed high temperature fluid and the secondary low temperature fluid is 180-220℃. (4) Rock breaking by high temperature difference: The jet drill bit rotates at a speed of 5-20 rpm. The rock undergoes a temperature change of 180-220°C due to the high temperature and low temperature cycle conversion under the high temperature and low temperature jets. The rock is destroyed under the coupling effect of alternating temperature stress and impact pressure.

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