A method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine

Abstract

The application discloses a mine ecological environment restoration method, and relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration. First, degradable cultivation pots are used to cultivate green plants, then a plurality of water storage ditches are horizontally excavated on a mine belt, a row of cultivation holes matched with the cultivation pots are excavated below each water storage ditch, the green plants are transplanted into the cultivation holes on the mine belt together with the cultivation pots, then water in the water storage ditches is guided to the cultivation holes by using water pipes, and the green plants in the cultivation holes are drip irrigated. The application can greatly reduce the erosion of rainwater on the cultivation substrate of the green plants, store natural water resources to drip irrigate the green plants, ensure the survival rate of the green plants, and improve the success rate of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, in particular to a mine ecological environment restoration method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In order to avoid and reduce the damage to the environment, the corresponding reclamation and ecological restoration scheme should be formulated and adjusted according to the technical characteristics and natural environment of different mining periods, so as to realize the integration and synchronization of mining and ecological restoration, and finally realize the restoration of the ecological function of the mine.

[0003] However, due to the complex topography of abandoned mines, and mainly bare steep slopes and gravel beaches (as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , the ecological environment restoration process of the abandoned mine faces many problems. On the one hand, due to the erosion of rainwater on the cultivation medium artificially attached to the rock, the cultivation medium will gradually be lost, eventually leading to the failure of the greening project, on the other hand, due to the lack of water, and the watering is extremely inconvenient, resulting in low survival rate of the green plants. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a mine ecological environment restoration method, which can greatly reduce the erosion of rainwater on the cultivation medium of green plants, make full use of natural water resources, ensure the survival rate of green plants, and improve the success rate of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0005] The present application solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0006] A mine ecological environment restoration method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, Greening plant cultivation: cultivating green plants by using degradable cultivation pots.

[0008] S2, ditching and punching: digging several water storage ditches on the mine belt to collect and store rainwater, and digging a row of cultivation holes under each water storage ditch; the several water storage ditches divide the mine belt into several parts, which can avoid the erosion of rainwater on the cultivation medium in the cultivation holes after a large amount of rainwater is collected, and avoid the loss of the cultivation medium.

[0009] S3, transplanting: transplanting the green plants and the cultivation pots into the cultivation holes on the mine belt to improve the survival rate of the green plants, and the degradable cultivation pots will not pollute the environment

[0010] S4, pipe erection: using water pipes to guide the water in the water storage ditches to the cultivation holes, and drip irrigation for the green plants in the cultivation holes to make full use of the rainwater resources and solve the problem of inconvenient watering in the abandoned mine.

[0011] Furthermore, any two adjacent rows of cultivation holes are staggered vertically to increase the greening density.

[0012] Furthermore, an expansion and fixing device is provided on the outside of the cultivation pot to stably position the cultivation pot in the cultivation hole. The expansion and fixing device consists of a ring and an expansion member. One side of the expansion member is a wavy clip. Several expansion members are fixed on the same side of the ring, and the side of the wavy clip is set outward. The bottom end of the inner support is bent inward to form a folded edge. The cultivation pot is placed on the folded edge. When the expansion and fixing device is inserted into the cultivation hole, the side of the wavy clip is compressed inward and comes into close contact with the inner wall of the cultivation hole.

[0013] Furthermore, an arc-shaped baffle is provided on the side of the ring away from the expansion member. When the expansion fixing device is inserted into the cultivation hole, the arc-shaped baffle is located on the side with the lower vertical height of the cultivation hole, which is used to prevent the loss of cultivation substrate caused by rainwater erosion.

[0014] Furthermore, a positioning clip is provided on the side of the ring away from the expansion member to fix the water outlet end of the water pipe. When the expansion fixing device is placed into the cultivation hole, the positioning clip is located on the side with the higher vertical height of the cultivation hole.

[0015] In addition, it should be noted that:

[0016] The cultivation pots of the present invention include two types: biodegradable cultivation pots and non-biodegradable seedling pots. The biodegradable seedling pots contain the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts wheat straw powder, 20-25 parts PUR hot melt adhesive powder, 10-15 parts charcoal powder, 6-12 parts shell powder, 1-3 parts silane coupling agent, 0.1-0.3 parts antioxidant, 8-10 parts Ag-loaded sepiolite powder, 2-3 parts sodium hexametaphosphate, and 1-2 parts cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0017] Transplanting seedlings using conventional methods requires removing the seedlings and their growing medium from the pots and then transplanting them into the soil. On one hand, this process disturbs the root system, potentially damaging it and resulting in a low survival rate. On the other hand, conventional pots have poor water retention, failing to provide adequate moisture for newly transplanted seedlings, and watering in abandoned mining areas is extremely inconvenient, further hindering plant survival. Furthermore, conventional pots are non-biodegradable, easily causing environmental pollution. Therefore, a method is proposed that provides a biodegradable pot with good water retention. Transplanting the plants along with the pots into the planting holes in the mining area not only provides adequate moisture for the newly transplanted seedlings but also prevents root disturbance during transplanting, effectively improving the survival rate. The pots will also decompose naturally without impacting the environment.

[0018] The preparation method of the incubation pot is as follows:

[0019] (1) sodium hexametaphosphate is dissolved in 10 times mass of deionized water, then Ag-loaded sepiolite powder is added and ultrasonic high-speed dispersion is carried out, then cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is added, and after full reaction under constant temperature stirring at 80 DEG C for 8-10 h, vacuum drying is carried out at 60 DEG C for 1 h, to obtain organic Ag-loaded sepiolite;

[0020] (2) after mixing wheat straw powder, charcoal powder and shell powder uniformly, full drying is carried out at 60 DEG C for 2 h, to obtain a base material mixture;

[0021] (2) PUR hot melt adhesive powder, organic Ag-loaded sepiolite, silane coupling agent and antioxidant are added into the base material mixture, and mixing is carried out at a rotation speed of 200 r / min for 10 min, to obtain a base powder;

[0022] (3) the base powder is added into a forming mold, and under the conditions of 190 DEG C and 3-5 MPa, smelting is carried out for 7 min, then under the pressure condition of 3-5 MPa, cold pressing is carried out at room temperature for 5 min, demolding is carried out, to obtain a degradable cultivation pot.

[0023] Further, the non-degradable cultivation pot in the present application is provided with a rotating shaft and a water absorbing rope, one end of the water absorbing rope is arranged in the cultivation pot, and the other end is located outside the cultivation pot, the bottom end of the cultivation pot is provided with an elastic support, the elastic support comprises a fixing seat, an adjusting cylinder and a jack, the adjusting cylinder is screwed on the fixing seat, the jack is slidingly arranged in the adjusting cylinder, a limiting ring is arranged on the jack, a spring is arranged between the limiting ring and the adjusting cylinder, and the spring is sleeved on the jack, the fixing device for fixing the cultivation pot comprises a circular ring, a placing groove is arranged at the top end of the circular ring, an inner support and a wave-shaped clamping piece are arranged on the circular ring, the inner support is in a cylindrical shape and is provided with a folded edge at the bottom end, and the rotating shaft of the cultivation pot is located in the placing groove.

[0024] The present application has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. The present application can greatly reduce the erosion of rainwater on the cultivation substrate of green plants, store natural water resources for drip irrigation of green plants, ensure the survival rate of green plants, and improve the success rate of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0026] 2. The present application can provide water conditions for the seedlings just transferred into the cultivation hole, prevent the disturbance of the seedlings to the root system during the transfer, effectively improve the survival rate of green plants, and the slow decomposition of the cultivation pot in the later period will not affect the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic view of an abandoned mine Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic view of an abandoned mineFigure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of cultivating green plants in the cultivation pots of this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion fixing device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the cultivation pot in Embodiment Six of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 These are schematic diagrams of the structures of six different cultivation pots and fixtures according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 9 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0037] Among them, the expansion fixing device 1, the ring 11, the inner support 12, the wave clip 2, the folded edge 3, the arc-shaped baffle 4, the positioning clip 5, the cultivation pot 6, the water absorption rope 61, the rotating shaft 62, the fixing seat 63, the adjusting cylinder 64, the top rod 65, the limiting ring 651, the spring 66, the water storage ditch 7, the cultivation hole 8, and the water pipe 9. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:

[0039] Example 1: Preparation method of cultivation pot 1

[0040] The culture pot contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 800g wheat straw powder, 200g PUR hot melt adhesive powder, 100g charcoal powder, 60g shell powder, 10g silane coupling agent, 1g antioxidant, 80g Ag-loaded sepiolite powder, 20g sodium hexametaphosphate, and 10g hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The preparation method is as follows:

[0041] (1) Sodium hexametaphosphate was dissolved in 200g of deionized water, Ag-loaded sepiolite powder was added, ultrasonic high-speed dispersion was performed, then hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 8-10h to fully react. After that, it was vacuum dried at 60℃ for 1h to obtain organic Ag-loaded sepiolite.

[0042] (2) The wheat straw powder, charcoal powder and shell powder are mixed uniformly, and then dried at 60°C for 2h to obtain a base mixture;

[0043] (2) The PUR hot melt adhesive powder, organic Ag-loaded sepiolite, silane coupling agent and antioxidant are added into the base mixture, and mixed at a speed of 200r / min for 10min to obtain a base powder;

[0044] (3) The base powder is added into a molding mold, and then melted at 190°C and 3-5MPa for 7min, and then cold-pressed at 3-5MPa at room temperature for 5min, and then demolded to obtain a degradable cultivation pot.

[0045] Example Two, Preparation Method 2 of Cultivation Pot

[0046] The cultivation pot comprises the following raw materials in weight ratio: 850g of wheat straw powder, 230g of PUR hot melt adhesive powder, 120g of charcoal powder, 100g of shell powder, 20g of silane coupling agent, 2g of antioxidant, 90g of Ag-loaded sepiolite powder, 25g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 15g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The preparation method is as follows:

[0047] (1) The sodium hexametaphosphate is dissolved in 250g of deionized water, and then the Ag-loaded sepiolite powder is added and ultrasonically dispersed at high speed, and then the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is added, and then reacted at 80°C under constant temperature stirring for 8-10h, and then vacuum dried at 60°C for 1h to obtain the organic Ag-loaded sepiolite;

[0048] (2) The wheat straw powder, charcoal powder and shell powder are mixed uniformly, and then dried at 60°C for 2h to obtain a base mixture;

[0049] (2) The PUR hot melt adhesive powder, organic Ag-loaded sepiolite, silane coupling agent and antioxidant are added into the base mixture, and mixed at a speed of 200r / min for 10min to obtain a base powder;

[0050] (3) The base powder is added into a molding mold, and then melted at 190°C and 3-5MPa for 7min, and then cold-pressed at 3-5MPa at room temperature for 5min, and then demolded to obtain a degradable cultivation pot.

[0051] Example Three, Preparation Method 3 of Cultivation Pot

[0052] The cultivation pot comprises the following raw materials in weight ratio: 900g of wheat straw powder, 250g of PUR hot melt adhesive powder, 150g of charcoal powder, 120g of shell powder, 30g of silane coupling agent, 3g of antioxidant, 100g of Ag-loaded sepiolite powder, 30g of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 20g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The preparation method is as follows:

[0053] (1) Dissolve sodium hexametaphosphate in 300 g of deionized water, then add Ag-loaded sepiolite powder, ultrasonic high-speed dispersion, then add cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and fully react at 80°C under constant temperature stirring for 8-10 h, and then vacuum dry at 60°C for 1 h to obtain organic Ag-loaded sepiolite;

[0054] (2) Mix wheat straw powder, charcoal powder and shell powder uniformly, and then fully dry at 60°C for 2 h to obtain a base material mixture;

[0055] (2) Add PUR hot melt adhesive powder, organic Ag-loaded sepiolite, silane coupling agent and antioxidant to the base material mixture, and mix at a rotation speed of 200 r / min for 10 min to obtain a base powder;

[0056] (3) Add the base powder to a molding mold, melt at 190°C and 3-5 MPa for 7 min, and then cold-press at a pressure of 3-5 MPa for 5 min at room temperature, demold to obtain a degradable cultivation pot.

[0057] Test One

[0058] Take the cultivation pots obtained in Examples One to Three, prepare 10 samples of 3 mm x 10 mm x 80 mm according to GB / T 16420-1996, and test the notched impact performance, take the average value; prepare 10 samples of 3 mm x 15 mm x 120 mm with a span of 80 mm and a pressure head radius of 5 mm according to GB / T 1449-2005, and test the bending performance at a test speed of 2 mm / min, take the average value; prepare 10 samples of 5 mm x 5 mm x 3 mm according to ASTM D-791, immerse the test pieces in normal temperature water, and after 168 h, weigh the samples to test the water absorption rate, take the average value; the test results are shown in Table 1:

[0059] Table 1

[0060] Test item Impact strength (kJ / m 2 ) Flexural strength (MPa) Water absorption (%) Example 1 41.27 50.61 0.48 Example 2 46.63 56.74 0.39 Example 3 42.45 51.02 0.45

[0061] From the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that the impact strength of the cultivation pots prepared in Examples One to Three is all above 40 kJ / m2, the bending strength is all above 50 MPa, and the water absorption rate is all below 0.5%. Therefore, the cultivation pots prepared in Examples One to Three all have superior mechanical properties and low water absorption rate, can play a good supporting role and water retention role, and are beneficial to the cultivation and transplanting of green plants.

[0062] Test Two

[0063] Take the cultivation pot of example one to example three each 5, according to GB / T20197-2006 respectively determine the degradation rate of cultivation pot in 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d, 50d, the test results are shown in table 2:

[0064] Table 2

[0065] Test item 10d 20d 30d 40d 50d Example 1 46.3％ 66.7％ 89.6％ 97.3％ 99.4％ Example 2 45.9％ 67.2％ 92.1％ 96.2％ 99.5％ Example 3 47.1％ 65.8％ 91.5％ 95.7％ 99.6％

[0066] From the test results of table 2, the degradation rate of the cultivation pots prepared in example one to example three reaches 99.4% after 50d; it can be seen that the cultivation pots prepared in example one to example three all have good biodegradability, and the seedling cultivation pots can slowly decompose and have no impact on the environment after the green plants are transplanted together with the cultivation pots to the cultivation holes on the mine belt.

[0067] Example four

[0068] As shown in Figure 3 , an expansion fixing device 1 is composed of a circular ring 11 and a plurality of elastic expansion pieces 12, one side of the expansion piece 12 is a wave card piece 2, the plurality of expansion pieces 12 are fixed on the same side of the circular ring 11, and the side of the wave card piece 2 is outwardly arranged, and the bottom end of the inner support 12 is inwardly bent into a fold 3.

[0069] The side of the circular ring 11 away from the expansion piece 12 is provided with a circular arc baffle 4 and a positioning card 5.

[0070] Example five

[0071] A method for repairing the ecological environment of a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0072] S1, cultivating green plants: as shown in Figure 6 , placing the cultivation pot 6 on the fold 3 of the expansion fixing device 1, and then cultivating green plants by using the cultivation pot 6;

[0073] S2, ditching and punching: as shown in Figure 4 , digging a plurality of water storage ditches 7 on the mine belt, and digging a row of cultivation holes 8 under each water storage ditch 7, and any two adjacent rows of cultivation holes 8 are arranged staggeredly;

[0074] S3, transplanting: as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5 , transplanting the expansion fixing device 1, the cultivation pot 6 and the green plants into the cultivation hole 8 on the mine belt together; when the expansion fixing device 1 is placed into the cultivation hole 8, the side of the wave card piece 2 is compressed inwardly and tightly contacts with the inner wall of the cultivation hole 8, and when the expansion fixing device 1 is placed into the cultivation hole 8, the circular arc baffle 4 is located at the side with low vertical height of the cultivation hole 8, and the positioning card 5 is located at the side with high vertical height of the cultivation hole 8.

[0075] S4, pipe: as Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the water in the water storage ditch 7 is guided to the cultivation hole 8 by the water pipe 9, and the green plants in the cultivation hole 8 are drip irrigated.

[0076] Example six

[0077] The cultivation pot in the embodiment is not degradable, and the cultivation pot is provided with a rotating shaft 62 and a water absorbing rope 61. One end of the water absorbing rope 61 is arranged in the cultivation pot 6, and the other end is arranged in the cultivation hole outside the cultivation pot 6. In the embodiment, the depth of the cultivation hole is greater than the depth of the cultivation pot 6, so that water can be stored. The bottom end of the cultivation pot 6 is provided with an elastic supporting piece, which includes a fixed seat 63, an adjusting cylinder 64 and a top rod 65. The adjusting cylinder 64 is screwed on the fixed seat 63, and the top rod 65 is slidably arranged in the adjusting cylinder 64. A limiting ring 651 is arranged on the top rod 65, and a spring 66 is arranged between the limiting ring 651 and the adjusting cylinder 64. The spring is sleeved on the top rod 65. The fixing device for fixing the cultivation pot 6 includes a circular ring 11, and the top end of the circular ring 11 is provided with a placing groove. An inner support 12 and a wave clamping piece 2 are arranged on the circular ring. The inner support 12 is in a cylindrical shape and is provided with a folded edge 3 at the bottom end. The rotating shaft 62 of the cultivation pot 6 is located in the placing groove. When the rotating shaft 62 is horizontal, the water absorbing rope 61 is located below the cultivation pot 6. When the cultivation pot 6 is full of water, the weight of the cultivation pot 6 is large. The cultivation pot 6 presses the spring 66, so that the edge of the bottom of the cultivation pot 6 presses the water absorbing rope 61 to reduce the water absorbing capacity. When the cultivation pot 6 is short of water, the weight of the cultivation pot 6 is small. Under the support of the spring 66, the water absorbing rope 61 can normally absorb water. When the cultivation pot 6 is installed, the length of the spring 66 can be changed by rotating the adjusting cylinder 64, so as to adjust the initial distance between the cultivation pot 6 and the inner support 12.

[0078] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the purpose and scope of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application. The technical, shape and structure parts not described in detail in the present application are well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, cultivating green plants: cultivating green plants by using non-degradable cultivation pots; S2, ditching and punching: digging a plurality of cultivation holes on the mine belt; S3, transplanting: transplanting the green plants and the cultivation pots into the cultivation holes on the mine belt; A plurality of water storage ditches are arranged on the mine, the cultivation holes are located below the water storage ditches, a water pipe is arranged between the cultivation holes and the water storage ditches, the water pipe is used for guiding the water in the water storage ditches to the cultivation holes and drip irrigation of the green plants in the cultivation holes, and any two adjacent rows of the cultivation holes are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner; The depth of the cultivation hole is greater than the depth of the cultivation pot, a fixing device is arranged outside the cultivation pot, the fixing device comprises a ring, a placing groove is arranged at the top end of the ring, an inner support and a wave-shaped clamping piece are arranged on the ring, the inner support is in a cylindrical shape and is provided with a folded edge at the bottom end, the cultivation pot is located in the inner support, a rotating shaft and a water absorbing rope are arranged on the cultivation pot, the rotating shaft is located in the placing groove, one end of the water absorbing rope is arranged in the cultivation pot and the other end is located outside the cultivation pot, an elastic supporting piece is arranged at the bottom end of the cultivation pot, the elastic supporting piece comprises a fixing seat, an adjusting cylinder and a top rod, the adjusting cylinder is screwed on the fixing seat, the top rod is slidably arranged in the adjusting cylinder, a limiting ring is arranged on the top rod, a spring is arranged between the limiting ring and the adjusting cylinder, and the spring is sleeved on the top rod.

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