A thermal management system for a power battery

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of thermal management systems of power battery, including integrated module and cooling system, integrated module includes electric core module, breathable vapor chamber and heat conduction component, electric core module includes multiple electric core, breathable vapor chamber is spaced between electric core, heat conduction component is contacted with the both ends of electric core module, cooling system is connected with heat conduction component, phase change medium is filled in breathable vapor chamber, and there is phase change space;Breathable vapor chamber is made of expandable and compressible material;Heat conduction component includes superconducting vapor chamber, phase change medium is filled in superconducting vapor chamber, and superconducting vapor chamber is placed in the both ends of electric core module;The application greatly increases the heat dissipation area and heat conduction efficiency of electric core;The heat conduction performance of integrated heat conduction module is greatly improved, can be more favorable to the control of temperature difference, realizes the temperature and temperature difference control of battery system, guarantees battery system sustained high-power output, and greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency of system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of power battery systems, and in particular to a thermal management system for power batteries. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of new energy, the specific energy and power of lithium-ion batteries are increasing, and their heat generation is also increasing. This is particularly true in power-type battery systems. To ensure sustained high power output from power-type battery systems and avoid degradation in vehicle performance, addressing the issues of excessive temperature and rapid temperature rise during continuous high-rate charge and discharge, as well as short periods of ultra-high-rate charge and discharge, is an urgent task. Furthermore, due to limitations in cell size and tab packaging, the current capacity of the cell tabs is limited. Furthermore, due to space constraints and busbar welding process limitations, the current capacity of the module busbar is also limited. If power-type battery systems undergo ultra-high-rate charge and discharge, the tabs, busbars, and cells will generate significant heat in a short period of time. If this heat cannot be quickly dissipated, it will quickly accumulate in the battery system, leading to high-temperature alarms and even thermal safety issues. This application scenario places higher demands on the heat dissipation and temperature control technologies of power-type battery systems. Addressing the challenges of high-power heat conduction and thermal safety within a limited space has become increasingly prominent.

[0003] Existing battery thermal management systems cannot solve the above problems well. For example, patent number 202122921928.1 is a thermal management device and a battery thermal management system. The thermal management device includes: a circulation loop, the battery pack is arranged in the circulation loop; a driving member is arranged on the circulation loop; a liquid storage tank is arranged on the circulation loop, for storing antifreeze; a semiconductor refrigeration sheet is attached to the outer surface of the liquid storage tank, for heating or cooling the antifreeze in the liquid storage tank; wherein the driving member drives the heated or cooled antifreeze in the liquid storage tank to circulate in the circulation loop to cool or heat the battery pack. The thermal management device does not require an additional refrigerant circulation circuit, fundamentally eliminating the risk of refrigerant leakage, and is safer and more reliable; and can effectively simplify the structure of the thermal management device, greatly reducing the production cost, and the simple structure is conducive to simplifying the assembly difficulty and improving assembly efficiency. When the power-type battery system in the present invention is charged and discharged at ultra-high rates, the battery cell tabs, busbars and battery cells will generate a large amount of heat in a short period of time. If the heat cannot be quickly discharged, the battery system will accumulate heat in a short period of time, resulting in a high-temperature alarm or even a thermal safety problem, which cannot be well solved by existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a thermal management system for power batteries, which solves the problems of rapid heat accumulation and thermal safety during ultra-high rate charging and discharging of power battery systems. When the battery system is charged and discharged at ultra-high rates, the battery cell tabs, busbars and battery cells will generate a large amount of heat in a short period of time. If the heat cannot be quickly discharged, the battery system will generate heat accumulation in a short period of time, resulting in high temperature alarms and even thermal safety problems.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a thermal management system for a power battery, the thermal management system includes an integrated module and a cooling system, the integrated module includes a battery module, a breathable temperature plate and a heat conducting component, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, the breathable temperature plate is spaced between the battery cells and is attached to the battery cells, the heat conducting component is placed at both ends of the battery module and in contact with the battery module, and the cooling system is connected to the heat conducting component.

[0006] The breathable heat spreader is filled with a phase change medium, and a phase change space exists in the breathable heat spreader after the phase change medium is filled; the breathable heat spreader is made of an expandable and compressible material; the thermal conductive component includes a superconducting heat spreader, which is filled with a phase change medium and is placed at both ends of the battery cell module.

[0007] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the breathable heat spreaders are spaced between the battery cells and adhere to the battery cells. The breathable heat spreaders adhere to the large surface of the battery cells, maximizing the contact area between the breathable heat spreaders and the battery cells, thereby increasing the module's effective heat dissipation area and thermal conductivity. The breathable heat spreaders can be installed sequentially within individual battery cells in the battery module, or layered every few battery cells.

[0008] A further technical solution of this invention is to perform corresponding surface treatments on the breathable vapor chamber, such as surface insulation and high-temperature-resistant coatings, based on requirements for thermal runaway protection and insulation withstand voltage, to enhance the functionality of the breathable vapor chamber. All different surface treatments are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the breathable heat-isolating plate itself is made of aluminum or stainless steel. According to different application scenarios, the breathable heat-isolating plate can be replaced with fireproof heat-insulating and compressible rebound materials, such as aerogel, mica + compressible material composite material, polyimide and other materials to meet the fireproof heat-insulating and compressible rebound properties. Replacing part of the breathable heat-isolating plate with a fireproof heat-insulating layer or / and a compressible rebound layer will not change the original space size, and different options can be set according to cost. The replacement of different materials falls within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the battery module can be a soft-pack battery cell, a square-shell battery cell or a cylindrical battery cell.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the breathable heat spreader is provided with multiple levels of compression space. The cross section of the breathable heat spreader is designed in accordance with the "breathable" principle and structure. The "breathable" principle is explained as follows: when the battery temperature rises, the battery cells expand due to the heat, thereby compressing the breathable heat spreader. When the temperature is transferred to the breathable heat spreader and reaches the medium phase change temperature, a phase change occurs inside the breathable heat spreader, the liquid medium vaporizes, and pressure is generated inside the breathable heat spreader. When the internal cavity pressure is greater than the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the battery cells, the breathable heat spreader expands and compresses the battery cells; when the internal cavity pressure is less than the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the battery cells, the battery cells expand and compress the breathable heat spreader. The module "breathes" in this process of regulating the imbalance of internal and external pressures. Through the "breathable" phase change heat conduction and structural innovation design, the service life of the battery cells can be greatly improved.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the thickness of the partition bars are different, and the breathable temperature equalizing plates are separated by the partition bars to form multi-level compression spaces, and the compression spaces are waist-shaped.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the thickness of the partition bars is different, and the breathable temperature equalizing plate is separated by the partition bars to form a multi-level compression space, the partition bars are strip-shaped above and semicircular structures below, and the semicircular structure is hollow inside and provided with support bars.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the breathable temperature equalizing plate is a hollow structure, and is provided with a plurality of partitions inside, and the strength of the partitions is different.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the strength of the multiple spacers varies, allowing the breathable heat spreader to have multiple levels of extreme compression spacing. This ensures that the condensation zone within the breathable heat spreader does not completely fill the cavity with the phase change medium. Achieving multiple levels of compression through different structural designs is within the scope of this patent.

[0016] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the thermally conductive assembly also includes a busbar and a thermally conductive insulating sheet that affixes the superconducting heat spreader to the busbar. The busbars are placed at both ends of the battery cell module and in contact with the module. The busbars contact the tabs at both ends of the battery cell to conduct current and heat. The entire thermally conductive assembly, placed at both ends of the battery cell, also strengthens the module structure and protects the battery cell.

[0017] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the superconducting temperature averaging plate is any one of a superconducting refrigerant temperature averaging plate and a superconducting heat pipe temperature averaging plate.

[0018] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the superconducting temperature homogenizing plate is a phase change heat transfer plate and is provided with a cooling end.

[0019] Superconducting refrigerant temperature equalizing plate and superconducting heat pipe temperature equalizing plate both belong to phase change heat transfer and have good thermal conductivity.

[0020] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the superconducting refrigerant heat spreader is a gravity-type phase-change heat spreader, and the cooling end is generally installed on the upper layer. If the cooling end is installed on the bottom, it will reduce the heat transfer capacity of the superconducting refrigerant plate, but it does not make it unusable. Therefore, the cooling end installed on the lower layer also falls within the scope of protection of this patent. This patent shows the upper layer installation method.

[0021] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the superconducting heat pipe temperature plate is a non-gravity phase change temperature plate, which performs phase change and cooling reflux through the capillary pores of the heat pipe. The cooling end can be installed at the top or bottom. This patent shows the bottom installation method.

[0022] The superconducting heat spreader is bonded to the busbar via a thermally conductive insulating sheet, rapidly dissipating heat under transient high current conditions. The thermally conductive insulating sheet is a thermally conductive silicone sheet. The thermally conductive insulating sheet can also be replaced with a thermally conductive structural adhesive or gel, or other materials with both thermal conductivity and insulation properties. All of these materials fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0023] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the integrated module also includes an end plate and a heat-conducting structure integrated temperature-averaging plate connected to the battery cell module through a heat-conducting structure adhesive, the heat-conducting structure integrated temperature-averaging plate is placed at the bottom and / or top of the battery cell module, and the end plate is placed on both sides of the battery cell module.

[0024] The integrated temperature plate can also play a protective and supporting role for the battery cell module, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the module.

[0025] A further technical solution of the present invention is: the cooling system is placed above or below the integrated module, and the cooling system is connected to the cooling end of the heat conduction component.

[0026] A further technical solution of the present invention is that a heat-conducting insulating sheet is provided between the cooling system and the integrated module.

[0027] By combining an integrated module with ultra-high thermal conductivity with a cooling system, effective temperature control of the power battery system can be achieved.

[0028] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the perfusion amount of the phase change medium is 40%-60% of the inner cavity volume of the breathable temperature equalizing plate.

[0029] The breathable temperature equalizing plate is filled with phase change medium, such as R1233ZD. Different phase change mediums can be selected according to the phase change temperature. The initial filling volume is 40%-60% of the inner cavity volume.

[0030] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the superconducting vapor chamber is also filled with a phase-change medium. When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the medium in the superconducting vapor chamber and the breathable vapor chamber undergoes a phase change. The high temperature causes the medium to instantly vaporize, rapidly absorbing a large amount of heat and slowing thermal diffusion in the battery.

[0031] At the same time, the integrated module in the present invention cooperates with the liquid cooling system to form a "fully enclosed" module structure wrapped with multi-sided metal materials. At the same time, the wrapped metal materials have high thermal conductivity and phase change instantaneous heat absorption functions, which greatly improves the structural safety and thermal safety of the battery system; even if the battery system thermally runs away, it is difficult for the flame to spread to other modules or the outside of the battery pack, providing passengers with sufficient time to escape safely.

[0032] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the integrated module has the functions of rapid heat conduction and rapid temperature control.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention: When the battery temperature rises, the battery core will expand due to the heat, thereby compressing the breathable heat spreader. When the temperature is transmitted to the breathable heat spreader and reaches the medium phase change temperature, a phase change occurs inside the breathable heat spreader, the liquid medium is vaporized, and pressure is generated inside the breathable heat spreader. When the inner cavity pressure is greater than the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the battery core, the breathable heat spreader expands and compresses the battery core; when the inner cavity pressure is less than the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the battery core, the battery core expands and compresses the breathable heat spreader. In this process of regulating the imbalance of internal and external pressures, the module "breathes", greatly extending the service life of the battery core. In addition, the breathable heat spreader is bonded to the battery core, greatly increasing the heat dissipation area and thermal conductivity efficiency of the battery core.

[0034] The ultra-high thermal conductivity integrated module has ultra-high thermal conductivity and "breathing" functions. Through the breathable heat spreader and the superconducting heat spreaders on both sides of the busbar, heat can be quickly conducted away and transferred to the cooling system, thereby removing heat from the battery system. At the same time, the integrated thermal conductivity module's thermal conductivity is greatly improved, which can better control the temperature difference, realize the control of the temperature and temperature difference of the battery system, and ensure the battery system's continuous high power output. The integrated module is combined with the traditional liquid cooling system, expanding the original liquid cooling system function to the condenser function of the superconducting heat spreader, greatly improving the system's heat exchange efficiency.

[0035] The superconducting vapor chamber is also filled with a phase-change medium. When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the medium inside the superconducting vapor chamber and the breathable vapor chamber will change phase. The high temperature causes the medium to vaporize instantly, thereby quickly absorbing a large amount of heat and delaying the thermal diffusion of the battery.

[0036] In the present invention, the thermal conductive components and breathable temperature spreaders around the integrated module, as well as the end plates, the integrated temperature spreader / cooling system at the bottom, and the cooling system / integrated temperature spreader at the top cooperate to form a "fully enclosed" module structure wrapped in multi-sided metal materials. At the same time, the wrapped metal materials have high thermal conductivity and phase change instantaneous heat absorption functions, which greatly improves the structural safety and thermal safety of the battery system; even if the battery system thermally runs away, it is difficult for the flame to spread to other modules or the outside of the battery pack, providing passengers with sufficient time to escape safely. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in a thermal management system for a power battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in a thermal management system for a power battery in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module provided by the present invention and the breathable temperature plate;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module provided by the present invention and the breathable temperature plate;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module provided by the present invention and the breathable temperature plate;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module provided by the present invention and the breathable temperature plate;

[0043] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the breathable temperature equalizing plate provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the breathable temperature equalizing plate provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system for a power battery in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system for a power battery in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure numerals: 0. integrated module, 1. battery cell module, 2. breathable heat spreader, 3. thermal conductive component, 21. spacer, 31. busbar, 32. thermal conductive insulation sheet, 33. superconducting heat spreader, 4. end plate, 5. thermal conductive structural adhesive, 6. thermal conductive structure integrated heat spreader, 7. cooling system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for understanding and reading by those familiar with this technology, and are not used to limit the conditions for implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] Figure 1 、 Figure 3-Figure 9 A thermal management system for a power battery is shown. The thermal management system includes an integrated module 0 and a cooling system 7. The integrated module 0 includes a battery module 1, a breathable heat spreader 2, and a heat conducting component 3. The battery module 1 includes multiple battery cells. The breathable heat spreader 2 is spaced between the battery cells and adheres to the battery cells. The heat conducting component 3 is placed at both ends of the battery module 1 and contacts the battery module 1. The cooling system 7 is connected to the heat conducting component 3.

[0052] The breathable heat spreader 2 is filled with a phase change medium, and a phase change space exists in the breathable heat spreader 2 after the phase change medium is filled; the breathable heat spreader 2 is made of expandable and compressible materials; the heat conducting component 3 includes a superconducting heat spreader 33, which is filled with a phase change medium. The superconducting heat spreader 33 is placed at both ends of the battery module 1.

[0053] The breathable heat spreader 2 is spaced between the battery modules 1 and adheres to the battery cells. The breathable heat spreader adheres to the large surface of the battery cells, maximizing the contact area between the breathable heat spreader and the battery cells, thereby increasing the module's effective heat dissipation area and thermal conductivity. The breathable heat spreader can be installed sequentially with each battery cell in the battery module, or a layer can be provided every few batteries.

[0054] The breathable heat spreader itself is made of aluminum or stainless steel. According to the requirements of thermal runaway protection and insulation pressure resistance, the breathable heat spreader is subjected to corresponding surface treatment, such as surface insulation treatment and high-temperature resistant coating treatment, to increase the use function of the breathable heat spreader. Replacing part of the breathable heat spreader with a fireproof insulation layer or / and a compressible rebound layer will not change the original space size, and different options can be set according to cost. Different surface treatment methods are all within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0055] The integrated module has the functions of rapid heat conduction and rapid temperature control.

[0056] The cell module 1 can be a soft-pack cell, a square-shell cell or a cylindrical cell. Figure 3-6 As shown; the breathable temperature plate can be inserted between the battery modules in the form of a straight plate, or in other forms. For example, in order to increase the contact area, the breathable temperature plate can be arranged in an S-shaped form around the battery modules in sequence.

[0057] In this embodiment, the breathable heat absorbing plate 2 is provided with multiple levels of compression space. The cross section of the breathable heat absorbing plate is designed with the principle and structure of "breathable". Figure 7-8 The device features two different multi-layered compression chambers with breathable heat spreaders. The principle behind this "breathable" design is as follows: When battery temperature rises, the cells expand due to the heat, compressing the breathable heat spreader. (The plate's compression limit thickness is designed in multiple layers. This prevents the internal cavity from being completely filled with liquid phase-change medium, leaving condensation areas and ensuring efficient phase-change heat transfer.) When the temperature reaches the phase-change temperature of the medium, a phase change occurs within the breathable heat spreader, vaporizing the liquid medium and generating pressure. When the internal pressure exceeds the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the cells, the breathable heat spreader expands, compressing the cells. When the internal pressure decreases, the cells expand, compressing the breathable heat spreader. This process of regulating internal and external pressure imbalance allows the module to "breathe." This "breathable" phase-change heat conduction and innovative structural design significantly extend the battery cell's lifespan.

[0058] In this embodiment, the thickness of the spacers 21 is different, and the breathable temperature equalizing plate 2 is separated by the spacers 21 to form a multi-level compression space, and the compression space is waist-shaped, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the partition bar 21 is different, and the breathable temperature plate 2 is separated by the partition bar to form a multi-level compression space. The upper part of the partition bar is a strip-shaped structure and the lower part is a semicircular structure. The interior of the semicircular structure is hollow and provided with a support bar, such as Figure 8 shown.

[0060] In this embodiment, the breathable temperature equalizing plate 2 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of spacers 21 are provided inside. The strengths of the spacers 21 are different.

[0061] The varying strengths of the multiple spacers allow the breathable vapor chamber to achieve multiple levels of extreme compression spacing, ensuring that the condensing section within the breathable vapor chamber is spaced so that the phase change (refrigerant) medium does not completely fill the cavity. Achieving multiple levels of compression through different structural designs is within the scope of this patent.

[0062] In this embodiment, the thermally conductive assembly 3 also includes a busbar 31 and a thermally conductive insulating sheet 32 ​​that affixes the superconducting heat spreader 33 to the busbar 31. The busbar 31 is placed at both ends of the cell module and contacts the cell module. The busbar contacts the tabs at both ends of the cell to conduct current and heat. The entire thermally conductive assembly, placed at both ends of the cell, also serves to strengthen the module structure and protect the cell.

[0063] In this embodiment, the superconducting temperature averaging plate 33 is a superconducting refrigerant temperature averaging plate. Figure 1 shown.

[0064] In this embodiment, the superconducting refrigerant temperature homogenizing plate is a phase change heat transfer plate and is provided with a cooling end.

[0065] Superconducting refrigerant temperature equalizing plate and superconducting heat pipe temperature equalizing plate both belong to phase change heat transfer and have good thermal conductivity.

[0066] The superconducting refrigerant vapor chamber is a gravity-type phase-change vapor chamber. The cooling end is generally installed on the upper layer. Therefore, the cooling system connected to the superconducting vapor chamber in this embodiment is preferably placed above the battery cell. If the cooling end is installed on the bottom, it will reduce the heat transfer capacity of the superconducting refrigerant plate, but it does not render it unusable. Therefore, the cooling end installed on the lower layer also falls within the scope of protection of this patent. This patent shows the upper layer installation method.

[0067] The superconducting heat spreader is bonded to the busbar via a thermally conductive insulating sheet, rapidly dissipating heat under transient high current conditions. The thermally conductive insulating sheet is a thermally conductive silicone sheet. The thermally conductive insulating sheet can also be replaced with a thermally conductive structural adhesive or gel, or other materials with both thermal conductivity and insulation properties. All of these materials fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0068] In this embodiment, the integrated module 0 also includes an end plate 4 and a thermally conductive structure integrated temperature equalizing plate 6 connected to the battery cell module through a thermally conductive structure adhesive 5. The thermally conductive structure integrated temperature equalizing plate 6 is placed at the bottom and / or top of the battery cell module, and the end plate 4 is placed on both sides of the battery cell module.

[0069] The integrated temperature plate can also play a protective and supporting role for the battery cell module, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the module.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, the cooling system 7 is placed above the integrated module, and the cooling system 7 is connected to the cooling end of the heat conducting component 3 .

[0071] In this embodiment, a thermally conductive insulating sheet 32 ​​is provided between the cooling system 7 and the integrated module.

[0072] By combining an integrated module with ultra-high thermal conductivity with a cooling system, effective temperature control of the power battery system can be achieved.

[0073] In this embodiment, the filling amount of the phase change medium is 40%-60% of the inner cavity volume of the breathable temperature homogenizing plate 2 .

[0074] The breathable temperature equalizing plate is filled with phase change medium, such as R1233ZD. Different phase change mediums can be selected according to the phase change temperature. The initial filling volume is 40%-60% of the inner cavity volume.

[0075] The superconducting vapor chamber is also filled with a phase-change medium. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the medium inside the superconducting vapor chamber and the breathable vapor chamber undergoes a phase change. The high temperature causes the medium to vaporize instantly, rapidly absorbing a large amount of heat and slowing thermal diffusion in the battery.

[0076] Example 2:

[0077] Figure 2-Figure 8 as well as Figure 10 A thermal management system for a power battery is shown.

[0078] The thermal management system includes an integrated module 0 and a cooling system 7. The integrated module 0 includes a battery module 1, a breathable temperature plate 2, and a heat-conducting component 3. The battery module 1 includes multiple battery cells. The breathable temperature plate 2 is spaced between the battery cells and fits the battery cells. The heat-conducting component 3 is placed at both ends of the battery module 1 and contacts the battery module 1. The cooling system 7 is connected to the heat-conducting component 3.

[0079] The breathable heat spreader 2 is filled with a phase change medium, and a phase change space exists in the breathable heat spreader 2 after the phase change medium is filled; the breathable heat spreader 2 is made of expandable and compressible materials; the heat conducting component 3 includes a superconducting heat spreader 33, which is filled with a phase change medium. The superconducting heat spreader 33 is placed at both ends of the battery module 1.

[0080] The breathable heat spreader 2 is spaced between the battery modules 1 and adheres to the battery cells. The breathable heat spreader adheres to the large surface of the battery cells, maximizing the contact area between the breathable heat spreader and the battery cells, thereby increasing the module's effective heat dissipation area and thermal conductivity. The breathable heat spreader can be installed sequentially with each battery cell in the battery module, or a layer can be provided every few batteries.

[0081] The breathable heat spreader itself is made of aluminum or stainless steel. According to the requirements of thermal runaway protection and insulation pressure resistance, the breathable heat spreader is subjected to corresponding surface treatment, such as surface insulation treatment and high-temperature resistant coating treatment, to increase the use function of the breathable heat spreader. Replacing part of the breathable heat spreader with a fireproof insulation layer or / and a compressible rebound layer will not change the original space size, and different options can be set according to cost. Different surface treatment methods are all within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0082] The integrated module has the functions of rapid heat conduction and rapid temperature control.

[0083] The cell module 1 can be a soft-pack cell, a square-shell cell or a cylindrical cell. Figure 3-6 As shown; the breathable temperature plate can be inserted between the battery modules in the form of a straight plate, or in other forms. For example, in order to increase the contact area, the breathable temperature plate can be arranged in an S-shaped form around the battery modules in sequence.

[0084] In this embodiment, the breathable heat absorbing plate 2 is provided with multiple levels of compression space. The cross section of the breathable heat absorbing plate is designed with the principle and structure of "breathable". Figure 7-8The device features two different multi-layered compression chambers with breathable heat spreaders. The principle behind this "breathable" design is as follows: When battery temperature rises, the cells expand due to the heat, compressing the breathable heat spreader. (The plate's compression limit thickness is designed in multiple layers. This prevents the internal cavity from being completely filled with liquid phase-change medium, leaving condensation areas and ensuring efficient phase-change heat transfer.) When the temperature reaches the phase-change temperature of the medium, a phase change occurs within the breathable heat spreader, vaporizing the liquid medium and generating pressure. When the internal pressure exceeds the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the cells, the breathable heat spreader expands, compressing the cells. When the internal pressure decreases, the cells expand, compressing the breathable heat spreader. This process of regulating internal and external pressure imbalance allows the module to "breathe." This "breathable" phase-change heat conduction and innovative structural design significantly extend the battery cell's lifespan.

[0085] In this embodiment, the thickness of the spacers 21 is different, and the breathable temperature equalizing plate 2 is separated by the spacers 21 to form a multi-level compression space cavity, and the compression space is waist-shaped, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the partition bar 21 is different, and the breathable temperature plate 2 is separated by the partition bar to form a multi-level compression space. The upper part of the partition bar is a strip-shaped structure and the lower part is a semicircular structure. The interior of the semicircular structure is hollow and provided with a support bar, such as Figure 8 shown.

[0087] In this embodiment, the breathable temperature equalizing plate 2 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of spacers 21 are provided inside. The strengths of the spacers 21 are different.

[0088] The varying strengths of the multiple spacers allow the breathable vapor chamber to achieve multiple levels of extreme compression spacing, ensuring that the condensing section within the breathable vapor chamber is spaced so that the phase change (refrigerant) medium does not completely fill the cavity. Achieving multiple levels of compression through different structural designs is within the scope of this patent.

[0089] In this embodiment, the thermally conductive assembly 3 also includes a busbar 31 and a thermally conductive insulating sheet 32 ​​that affixes the superconducting heat spreader 33 to the busbar 31. The busbar 31 is placed at both ends of the cell module and contacts the cell module. The busbar contacts the tabs at both ends of the cell to conduct current and heat. The entire thermally conductive assembly, placed at both ends of the cell, also strengthens the module structure and protects the cell.

[0090] In this embodiment, the superconducting temperature averaging plate 33 is a superconducting heat pipe temperature averaging plate. Figure 2 shown.

[0091] In this embodiment, the superconducting temperature homogenizing plate 33 is a phase change heat transfer plate and is provided with a cooling end.

[0092] Superconducting refrigerant temperature equalizing plate and superconducting heat pipe temperature equalizing plate both belong to phase change heat transfer and have good thermal conductivity.

[0093] The superconducting heat pipe temperature plate is a non-gravity phase change temperature plate. Phase change and cooling reflux are carried out through the capillary pores of the heat pipe. The cooling end can be installed at the top or bottom. This embodiment shows the bottom installation method. Figure 10 shown.

[0094] The superconducting heat spreader is bonded to the busbar via a thermally conductive insulating sheet, rapidly dissipating heat under transient high current conditions. The thermally conductive insulating sheet is a thermally conductive silicone sheet. The thermally conductive insulating sheet can also be replaced with a thermally conductive structural adhesive or gel, or other materials with both thermal conductivity and insulation properties. All of these materials fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0095] As a preferred embodiment, the integrated module 0 also includes an end plate 4 and a thermally conductive structure integrated temperature equalizing plate 6 connected to the battery cell module through a thermally conductive structure adhesive 5. The thermally conductive structure integrated temperature equalizing plate 6 is placed at the bottom and / or top of the battery cell module, and the end plate 4 is placed on both sides of the battery cell module.

[0096] The integrated temperature plate can also play a protective and supporting role for the battery cell module, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the module.

[0097] As a preferred embodiment, the cooling system 7 is placed below the integrated module, and the cooling system 7 is connected to the cooling end of the heat conducting component 3 .

[0098] In this embodiment, a thermally conductive insulating sheet 32 ​​is provided between the cooling system 7 and the integrated module.

[0099] By combining an integrated module with ultra-high thermal conductivity with a cooling system, effective temperature control of the power battery system can be achieved.

[0100] In this embodiment, the filling amount of the phase change medium is 40%-60% of the inner cavity volume of the breathable temperature homogenizing plate 2 .

[0101] The breathable temperature equalizing plate is filled with phase change medium, such as R1233ZD. Different phase change mediums can be selected according to the phase change temperature. The initial filling volume is 40%-60% of the inner cavity volume.

[0102] The superconducting vapor chamber is also filled with a phase-change medium. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the medium inside the superconducting vapor chamber and the breathable vapor chamber undergoes a phase change. The high temperature causes the medium to vaporize instantly, rapidly absorbing a large amount of heat and slowing thermal diffusion in the battery.

[0103] Depending on the application scenario, the breathable heat spreader can be replaced with fireproof, heat-insulating, and compressible and resilient materials, such as aerogel, a composite material of mica and compressible materials (foamed silicone, PU foam), or polyimide, to meet the requirements of fireproof, heat-insulating, and compressible and resilient performance. The replacement of different materials falls within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for a power battery, characterized by: The thermal management system comprises an integrated module (0) and a cooling system (7), wherein the integrated module (0) comprises a battery module (1), a breathable temperature plate (2) and a heat conducting component (3), wherein the battery module (1) comprises a plurality of battery cells, the breathable temperature plate (2) is arranged at intervals between the battery cells and is in contact with the battery cells, the heat conducting component (3) is placed at both ends of the battery module (1) and is in contact with the battery module (1), and the cooling system (7) is connected to the heat conducting component (3). The breathable temperature averaging plate (2) is filled with a phase change medium, and a phase change space exists in the breathable temperature averaging plate (2) after the phase change medium is filled; the breathable temperature averaging plate (2) is made of an expandable and compressible material; the heat conducting component (3) includes a superconducting temperature averaging plate (33), the superconducting temperature averaging plate (33) is filled with a phase change medium, and the superconducting temperature averaging plate (33) is placed at both ends of the battery cell module (1); The breathable heat balancing plate (2) is provided with multiple levels of compression spaces; the breathable heat balancing plate (2) is a hollow structure, and is provided with multiple partitions (21) therein, the multiple partitions (21) having different strengths, and the partitions (21) divide the breathable heat balancing plate (2) into the multiple levels of compression spaces.

2. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting assembly (3) further comprises a busbar (31) and a heat-conducting insulating sheet (32) for attaching the superconducting temperature-averaging plate (33) to the busbar (31); the busbar (31) is placed at both ends of the battery module (1) and is in contact with the battery module (1).

3. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The superconducting temperature averaging plate (33) is any one of a superconducting refrigerant temperature averaging plate and a superconducting heat pipe temperature averaging plate.

4. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The superconducting temperature-averaging plate (33) is a phase-change heat transfer plate and is provided with a cooling end.

5. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated module (0) further comprises an end plate (4) and a heat-conducting structure integrated temperature-averaging plate (6) connected to the battery module (1) via a heat-conducting structure adhesive (5); the heat-conducting structure integrated temperature-averaging plate (6) is placed at the bottom and / or top of the battery module (1), and the end plate (4) is placed on both sides of the battery module (1).

6. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling system (7) is placed above or below the integrated module (0), and the cooling system (7) is connected to the cooling end of the heat conducting component (3).

7. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: A heat-conducting insulating sheet (32) is provided between the cooling system (7) and the integrated module (0).

8. The thermal management system of a power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fireproof and heat-insulating layer and / or a compressible rebound layer are also included between the battery cells.

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