Method and electronic device for generating a charging path for a battery

Abstract

A method and an electronic device for generating a charging path of a battery are provided. To generate the charging path of the battery, the method includes generating simulation data of a charging current based on a battery model indicating an internal state of the battery, generating an initial lookup table (LUT) for the charging current and a preset battery voltage limit based on the simulation data, the initial LUT representing initial charging limit conditions of the battery for a phase corresponding to the charging current, in response to the initial LUT not satisfying a threshold, generating a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT, in response to the modified LUT satisfying the threshold, determining a final LUT based on the modified LUT, and generating the charging path of the battery based on the final LUT.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0069936, filed on May 31, 2021, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field

[0002] The following description relates to techniques for charging batteries, and more specifically, to techniques for creating charging paths for batteries. Background Technology

[0003] Batteries are charged using various methods. For example, the constant current-constant voltage charging method uses a constant current to charge the battery, and then charges it with a constant voltage once the battery voltage reaches a preset level. The varying current decay charging method uses a high current to charge the battery in its low state of charge (SOC), and gradually reduces the current as the battery reaches a predetermined SOC through charging. In addition to these methods, the multi-step charging method uses a constant current to charge the battery, and the pulse charging method charges the battery by repeatedly applying pulses of current at short time intervals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This summary is provided to introduce, in a simplified form, the selection of concepts further described in the detailed embodiments below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to help determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] In one general aspect, a method for generating a charging path for a battery is provided, the method comprising: generating simulated data of a charging current based on a battery model indicating the internal state of the battery; generating an initial lookup table (LUT) based on the simulated data for the charging current and a preset battery voltage limit, the initial LUT representing initial charging limit conditions of the battery at a stage corresponding to the charging current; generating a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT in response to the initial LUT not meeting a threshold; determining a final LUT based on the modified LUT in response to the modified LUT meeting the threshold; and generating a charging path for the battery based on the final LUT.

[0006] The charging path can correspond to a portion of the battery's total charging capacity.

[0007] The method may include: obtaining one or more parameters indicating the state of the battery, and updating a battery model based on the one or more parameters, wherein the step of generating simulation data includes generating simulation data of charging current based on the updated battery model.

[0008] The steps for generating an initial LUT may include: determining the anode potential when the first charging current in the charging current reaches the first battery voltage limit in the preset battery voltage limit as the first initial charging limit condition for the first stage; determining the anode potential when the second charging current in the charging current reaches the second battery voltage limit in the preset battery voltage limit as the second initial charging limit condition for the second stage; and generating an initial LUT based on the first initial charging limit condition and the second initial charging limit condition.

[0009] The method may include: determining whether the initial LUT meets the threshold based on the following steps: generating a first charging result of a first stage and a second charging result of a second stage, generating a charging result of the initial LUT based on the first charging result and the second charging result, and determining whether the charging result meets the threshold.

[0010] The steps for generating a modified LUT may include: generating a candidate LUT by adjusting each of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT within a range, calculating the efficiency of the candidate LUT, determining the target stage with the highest efficiency from the stages of the initial LUT, and generating a modified LUT by adjusting the initial charging constraints of the target stage.

[0011] The steps for calculating the efficiency of a candidate LUT may include: calculating a first charging time and a first aging rate of the first candidate LUT, and calculating a first efficiency of the first candidate LUT based on the first charging time and the first aging rate.

[0012] The steps of calculating the first charging time and the first aging rate of the first candidate LUT may include: calculating the first sub-charging time and the first sub-aging rate of the first candidate LUT in a first stage, calculating the second sub-charging time and the second sub-aging rate of the first candidate LUT in a second stage, and calculating the first charging time based on the first sub-charging time and the second sub-charging time and calculating the first aging rate based on the first sub-aging rate and the second aging rate.

[0013] The steps to determine the final LUT may include: determining the modified LUT or the LUT preceding the modified LUT as the final LUT according to a preset strategy.

[0014] The steps for determining the final LUT may include: calculating a first difference between the charging time of the modified LUT and a target charging time as the threshold; calculating a second difference between the charging time of the LUT prior to the modified LUT and the target charging time; and determining the LUT corresponding to the smaller of the first difference and the second difference as the final LUT.

[0015] The battery may be included in the mobile device.

[0016] The battery may be included in the vehicle.

[0017] In another general aspect, an electronic device for generating a charging path for a battery is provided, the electronic device comprising: a processor configured to: generate simulated data of a charging current based on a battery model indicating the internal state of the battery; generate an initial lookup table (LUT) based on the simulated data for the charging current and a preset battery voltage limit, the initial LUT representing initial charging limit conditions of the battery at a stage corresponding to the charging current; generate a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging limit conditions of the initial LUT in response to the initial LUT not meeting a threshold; determine a final LUT based on the modified LUT when the modified LUT meets the threshold; and generate a charging path for the battery based on the final LUT.

[0018] The electronic device and battery may be included in the mobile communication terminal.

[0019] The electronic devices and batteries may be included in the vehicle.

[0020] In another general aspect, a method is provided for determining charging constraints for charging a battery, the method comprising: generating simulated data of charging current based on a battery model indicating the internal state of the battery; generating a lookup table (LUT) based on the simulated data for charging current and preset battery voltage constraints, each LUT representing a charging constraint of the battery for a stage corresponding to the charging current; determining a target LUT from the LUTs based on a threshold; and determining the target charging constraint of the target LUT as the charging constraint of the battery.

[0021] The steps of generating a LUT may include: generating an initial LUT based on simulation data for charging current and preset battery voltage limits, the initial LUT representing the initial charging limit conditions of the battery at a stage corresponding to the charging current; and generating modified LUTs based on the initial LUT, each of the modified LUTs having at least one different charging limit condition from the initial LUT.

[0022] The steps of generating a modified LUT based on an initial LUT may include: generating a candidate LUT by adjusting each of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT within a range, calculating the efficiency of the candidate LUT, determining a target stage with the highest efficiency from the stages of the initial LUT, and generating a first modified LUT by adjusting the initial charging constraints of the target stage.

[0023] The step of generating a modified LUT based on an initial LUT may include generating a second modified LUT by adjusting the value of a target initial charging constraint included in the charging constraint in the first modified LUT.

[0024] Other features and aspects will become clear from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 An example of a battery system configuration is shown.

[0026] Figure 2 An example of the configuration of an electronic device is shown.

[0027] Figure 3 An example of a method for generating a battery charging path is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 An example is shown showing the voltage of a battery relative to its capacity, depending on its degree of aging.

[0029] Figure 5 An example of basic simulation data for charging current is shown.

[0030] Figure 6 This shows an example of generating an initial lookup table (LUT).

[0031] Figure 7 An example is shown for determining whether the initial LUT meets the threshold.

[0032] Figure 8 An example of an initial LUT is shown.

[0033] Figure 9 An example of generating a modified LUT based on an initial LUT is shown.

[0034] Figure 10 An example of the efficiency of computing candidate LUTs for the initial LUT is shown.

[0035] Figure 11 An example of calculating the aging rate of a candidate LUT is shown.

[0036] Figure 12This example shows how to generate a re-modified LUT based on the modified LUT.

[0037] Figure 13 This example illustrates how the final LUT is determined from the modified LUT and the LUT prior to the modified LUT.

[0038] Figure 14 Examples of an initial LUT and multiple LUTs are shown.

[0039] Figure 15 An example of a charging path determined for a preset target charging time is shown, considering the battery voltage and anode potential.

[0040] Figure 16 An example of a charging path determined for a preset target charging time is shown, with regard to the charging current and side reaction current.

[0041] Figure 17 An example of a vehicle is shown.

[0042] Figure 18 An example of a mobile terminal is shown.

[0043] Figure 19 An example of an electronic device is shown.

[0044] Figure 20 An example of a method for determining battery charging limits is shown.

[0045] Throughout the accompanying drawings and detailed description, unless otherwise stated or provided, the same reference numerals will be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. For clarity, illustration, and conciseness, the drawings may be drawn off-scale, and the relative sizes, proportions, and descriptions of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following detailed description is provided to assist the reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, various variations, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein will be apparent upon understanding the disclosure of this application. For example, the sequence of operations described herein is merely illustrative and is not limited to the sequence of operations presented herein; the sequence of operations described herein may be changed as will become clear upon understanding the disclosure of this application, except for operations that must occur in a certain order. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, descriptions of known features may be omitted.

[0047] The features described herein may be embodied in different forms and are not necessarily to be construed as limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided to illustrate some of the many possible ways in which the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein will become clear upon understanding the disclosure of this application.

[0048] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and does not limit the scope of the examples. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used herein, they indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0049] The use of the term “may” in relation to examples or embodiments (e.g., what an example or embodiment may include or implement) means that there exists at least one example or embodiment that includes or implements such a feature, but not all examples are limited thereto.

[0050] When describing the examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, similar reference numerals indicate similar constituent elements, and repetitive descriptions related to them will be omitted. In the description of the examples, descriptions of well-known related structures or functions will be omitted where such detailed descriptions would lead to a vague interpretation of this disclosure.

[0051] Furthermore, in the description of components, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc., may be used when describing the components of this disclosure. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another, and the nature, order, or sequence of the components is not limited by the terms. When a component is described as "connected," "joined," or "attached" to another component, it should be understood that one component may be directly connected to or attached to another component, and intermediate components may also be "connected," "joined," or "attached" to the component.

[0052] The same names can be used to describe elements included in the examples above, as well as elements that share a common function. Unless otherwise stated, the descriptions of the examples apply to the examples below, therefore, for the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions will be omitted.

[0053] Figure 1 An example of a battery system configuration is shown.

[0054] Reference Figure 1The battery 110 can be one or more battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs. The battery 110 may include a capacitor, a secondary battery, or a lithium-ion battery for storing electricity as a result of charging. Devices using the battery 110 can receive power from the battery 110.

[0055] Battery charging device 120 charges battery 110 using a battery model. For example, battery charging device 120 can rapidly charge battery 110 using a multi-stage charging method, which minimizes charging aging by using an estimate of the battery's internal state based on the battery model. Here, the battery model can be an electrochemical model, and aging parameters of battery 110 are applied to the electrochemical model to estimate the state information of battery 110 by modeling internal physical phenomena such as the potential and ion concentration distribution of battery 110. Furthermore, the internal state of battery 110 can include any one or any combination of the cathode lithium-ion concentration distribution, anode lithium-ion concentration distribution, electrolyte lithium-ion concentration distribution, cathode potential, and anode potential. For example, aging parameters can include any one or any combination of the electrode balance shift, the capacity of the cathode active material, and the anode surface resistance of battery 110. However, the examples are not limited to this.

[0056] The battery charging device 120 can divide the charging process into several charging stages (or steps) and charge the battery 110 using a charging current corresponding to each charging stage. For each charging stage, charging limits can be set to restrict the charging of the battery so that the battery 110 is charged to a target charging capacity during a target charging time, while preventing the battery 110 from aging.

[0057] For example, charging constraints may include internal state conditions of the battery 110 for each charging stage. Internal state conditions may be defined by an electrochemical model based on at least one internal state affecting the aging of the battery 110. Internal state conditions may include any one or any combination of the following: anode overpotential condition, cathode overpotential condition, anode surface lithium ion concentration condition, cathode surface lithium ion concentration condition, cell voltage condition, and state of charge (SOC) condition of the battery 110.

[0058] Since battery 110 can age when one of its internal state conditions is reached during charging, battery charging device 120 can use these internal state conditions to control the charging of battery 110. For example, if aging of battery 110 is determined when its anode overpotential is below 0.005 volts (V), an anode overpotential condition can be set based on 0.005V. An aging condition is a condition that causes aging when the internal state of battery 110 is reached. Here, an anode overpotential of 0.005V can be an aging condition that causes aging when the anode overpotential of battery 110 is reached. However, internal state conditions are not limited to the example above, and various expressions quantifying the internal states that affect the aging of battery 110 can be used.

[0059] Overpotential is the voltage drop caused by deviation from the equilibrium potential associated with the intercalation / deintercalation reactions at each electrode of battery 110. The lithium-ion concentration mentioned above is the lithium-ion concentration when the active material in each electrode of the battery is lithium-ion. Materials other than lithium-ion can be used as active materials.

[0060] State of Charge (SOC) is a parameter indicating the state of charge of battery 110. SOC indicates the amount of energy stored in battery 110, and this amount can be expressed as a percentage (%) (e.g., indicated as 0% to 100%). For example, 0% may indicate a fully discharged state, and 100% may indicate a fully charged state. This metric can be modified in various ways in various examples (e.g., defined according to design intent or one aspect of such an example). Various methods can be used to estimate or measure SOC.

[0061] Battery 110 may include two electrodes (cathode and anode) for lithium ion insertion / extraction, an electrolyte as the medium through which lithium ions can move, a separator that physically separates the cathode and anode to prevent direct electron flow but allows ions to pass through, and a collector that collects electrons generated by the electrochemical reaction or provides electrons required for the electrochemical reaction. The cathode may include a cathode active material, and the anode may include an anode active material. For example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) may be used as the cathode active material, and graphite (C6) may be used as the anode active material. Lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode when battery 110 is charged, and from the anode to the cathode when battery 110 is discharged. Therefore, the concentration of lithium ions in the cathode active material and the concentration of lithium ions in the anode active material change in response to charging and discharging.

[0062] Electrochemical models can be used in various ways to represent the internal states of battery 110. For example, single-particle (SPM) models and various application models can be used for electrochemical models, and the parameters defining the electrochemical models can be modified in various ways according to design intent. Internal state conditions can be derived from the electrochemical model of battery 110, or they can be derived experimentally or empirically. In one example, the technique for defining internal state conditions is not limited.

[0063] Charging constraints may include the maximum charging time for each charging stage. The maximum charging time may be the maximum time required to charge the battery 110 using the charging current of the corresponding charging stage.

[0064] Charging limitations may include anode potential limits for each charging stage. The anode potential of battery 110 may decrease as battery 110 is charged, and the anode potential limit may represent the minimum anode potential allowed in the respective charging stage.

[0065] As described above, the internal state conditions and / or charging limit conditions of each charging stage are set to achieve two objectives (preventing battery 110 aging and charging the battery with a target charging capacity during the target charging time) and can be controlled based on the charging efficiency of battery 110, as will be described below.

[0066] According to the charging control via the battery charging device 120, when the battery 110 is charged with a first charging current in the first charging stage, the charging stage of the battery 110 can switch from the first charging stage to the second charging stage at a time point when the internal state of the battery 110 reaches one of the internal state conditions or when the charging time of the battery 110 reaches the maximum charging time. This process can be repeated until the final charging stage.

[0067] Repeated use of battery 110 causes it to age, and the rate of aging can vary depending on its usage history. If battery 110 is charged without considering the aging rate, the aging conditions during fast charging cannot be avoided, which can lead to rapid aging and shorten battery life. Therefore, battery charging device 120 needs to adaptively control the charging of battery 110 based on the aging rate, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] Figure 2 An example of the configuration of an electronic device is shown.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 The electronic device 200 for controlling the battery includes a communicator 210, a processor 220, and a memory 230. For example, the electronic device 200 may be related to the above-mentioned reference... Figure 1 The battery charging device 120 described corresponds to this.

[0070] In one example, electronic device 200 may be included in a mobile communication terminal.

[0071] In another example, electronic device 200 may be included in a vehicle.

[0072] The communicator 210 is connected to the processor 220 and the memory 230, and sends data to and receives data from the processor 220 and the memory 230. The communicator 210 can also be connected to another external device, and sends data to and receives data from the external device. Hereinafter, sending and receiving “A” may mean sending and receiving “information or data indicating A”.

[0073] The communicator 210 may be implemented as a circuit in the electronic device 200. For example, the communicator 210 may include an internal bus and an external bus. In another example, the communicator 210 may be an element that connects the electronic device 200 to an external device. The communicator 210 may be an interface. The communicator 210 may receive data from an external device and send data to the processor 220 and the memory 230.

[0074] Processor 220 processes the data received by communicator 210 and the data stored in memory 230.

[0075] A "processor" can be a data processing device implemented in hardware, which includes circuitry with a physical structure that performs a desired operation. For example, the desired operation may include code or instructions contained in a program. For instance, a hardware-implemented data processing device may include a microprocessor, a single processor, a discrete processor, a parallel processor, a single-instruction single-data (SISD) multiprocessor, a single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) multiprocessor, a multiple-instruction single-data (MISD) multiprocessor, a multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) multiprocessor, a microcomputer, a processor core, a multi-core processor, a multiprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), a tensor processing unit (TPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a controller and arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an application processor (AP), or a programmable logic unit (PLU).

[0076] Processor 220 executes computer-readable code (e.g., software) stored in memory (e.g., memory 230) and instructions triggered by processor 220.

[0077] Memory 230 stores data received by communicator 210 and data processed by processor 220. For example, memory 230 may store a program (or application or software). For example, the stored program may be a set of syntaxes encoded and executable by processor 220 to generate a charging path for the battery. As another example, the stored program may be a set of syntaxes encoded and executable by processor 220 to determine charging limits for the battery.

[0078] The memory 230 may include at least one of, for example, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk drive, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), zero-capacitance RAM (Z-RAM), dual-transistor RAM (TTRAM), and optical disk drive. Further description of the memory is provided below.

[0079] The memory 230 may store a set of instructions (e.g., software) for operating the electronic device 200. The set of instructions for operating the electronic device 200 is executed by the processor 220.

[0080] The communicator 210, processor 220, and memory 230 will also be referred to below. Figure 3 and Figure 20 Describe it.

[0081] Figure 3 An example of a method for generating a battery charging path is shown. Figure 3 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 3 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Besides the ones below... Figure 3 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 2 The description can also be applied to Figure 3 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0082] Figure 3 One or more blocks and combinations of blocks can be implemented by a computer (such as a processor) based on dedicated hardware that performs the specified function, or by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. For example, operations 310 to 370 described below are referenced above. Figure 2 The described electronic device 200 performs.

[0083] In operation 310, the electronic device 200 receives an indication battery (e.g., Figure 1One or more parameters indicating the state of the battery (110). Parameters indicating the state of the battery may be called aging parameters, which may include electrode balance shift, capacity of cathode active material, and anode surface resistance.

[0084] In operation 320, electronic device 200 can update a battery model indicating the internal state of the battery based on one or more parameters. For example, the battery model can be an electrochemical model that estimates the internal state of the battery based on various parameters. The battery model can estimate the internal state information of the battery by modeling the internal physical phenomena of the battery, such as potential or ion concentration distribution.

[0085] Battery models can be used in various ways to represent the internal state of a battery. For example, single-particle (SPM) models and various application models can be used for electrochemical models, and the parameters defining electrochemical models can be modified in various ways depending on the example.

[0086] For example, the internal state of a battery that can be estimated by the model may include any one or any combination of its cathode lithium-ion concentration distribution, anode lithium-ion concentration distribution, electrolyte lithium-ion concentration distribution, cathode potential, and anode potential.

[0087] Because the model's parameters are adjusted based on aging parameters, the internal state of the battery estimated by the model can be altered.

[0088] In operation 330, electronic device 200 generates basic simulation data for a preset charging current based on a battery model. For example, the preset charging current may include 7.92 amperes (A), 7.57 A, 7.12 A, 6.67 A, 6.23 A, 5.79 A, ​​5.34 A, 4.89 A, and 4.45 A.

[0089] In one example, electronic device 200 can generate basic simulation data as a partial phase of a fast-charging phase of the battery's total charge capacity. For example, the fast-charging phase of the total charge capacity may include a state of charge (SOC) ranging from 0.04 to 0.71. For example, a maximum charging current and a battery voltage limit can be set to generate the basic simulation data.

[0090] In one example, the first basic simulation data indicating the internal state of the battery can be generated by charging the battery using a first charging current during a fast charging phase. For example, if the fast charging phase includes a State of Charge (SOC) ranging from 0.04 to 0.71, the generation of the first basic simulation data can be terminated in response to the SOC reaching 0.71 or the battery voltage reaching a first battery voltage limit set for the first charging current. For example, if the preset number of charging currents is n, n basic simulation data points can be generated.

[0091] In one example, the side reaction current can be calculated based on basic simulation data. For instance, the side reaction current can be calculated based on the Butler-Volmer equation.

[0092] The Butler-Volmer equation yields the amount of lithium ions consumed through the anodic side reaction (i.e., the amount of anodic side reaction), which can be expressed by Equation 1.

[0093] [Equation 1]

[0094]

[0095] In equation 1, This represents the electrode current density related to lithium-ion consumption via the anode side reaction, where the amount of lithium-ion consumed via the anode side reaction can be expressed as a function of time. Earn points to obtain. s i represents the active surface area of ​​the anode. 0,side This represents the exchange current density of the anodic side reaction. α a，side α represents the anode charge transfer coefficient. c，side denoted by n, which represents the cathode charge transfer coefficient, where, for example, each may have a value of 0.5. side η represents the number of molecules involved in the anodic side reaction, F represents the Faraday constant, R represents the ideal gas constant, and T represents the temperature. side This represents the anodic overpotential of the side reaction and can be expressed by Equation 2.

[0096] [Equation 2]

[0097]

[0098] In equation 2, φ s φ represents the electric potential of a solid. e U represents the potential of an electrolyte. eq,side This represents the equilibrium potential of the side reaction and can be set, for example, to 0.4V. R SEI,total This represents the resistance through the SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layer formed on the anode surface, a s,side This represents the active surface area of ​​the anode. This represents the electrode current density associated with all lithium ions.

[0099] The above-mentioned exchange current density i 0,side It can be represented by Equation 3.

[0100] [Equation 3]

[0101]

[0102] In equation 3, k side c represents the kinetic rate constant of the side reaction. s,surf c represents the lithium-ion concentration on the surface of an electrode (e.g., an anode). EC,R This indicates the electrolyte concentration on the electrode surface.

[0103] In operation 340, electronic device 200 generates an initial lookup table (LUT) based on basic analog data for charging current and preset battery voltage limits.

[0104] In one example, the preset charging current may include 7.92A, 7.57A, 7.12A, 6.67A, 6.23A, 5.79A, 5.34A, 4.89A, and 4.45A. The initial LUT for the preset charging current is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0105] A preset charging current can be used to charge the battery during the fast charging phase, which can be divided into stages based on the charging current used. For example, the stage using 7.92A can be defined as stage one, the stage using 7.57A as stage two, the stage using 7.12A as stage three, the stage using 6.67A as stage four, the stage using 6.23A as stage five, the stage using 5.79A as stage six, the stage using 5.34A as stage seven, the stage using 4.89A as stage eight, and the stage using 4.45A as stage nine.

[0106] For example, the first stage could correspond to the time from the start of the fast charging phase until the battery voltage reaches 4.130V when the battery is being charged at 7.92A. The second stage could correspond to the time from the end of the first stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.130V when the battery is being charged at 7.57A. The third stage could correspond to the time from the end of the second stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.130V when the battery is being charged at 7.12A. The fourth stage could correspond to the time from the end of the third stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.300V when the battery is being charged at 6.67A. The fifth stage could correspond to the time from the end of the fourth stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.300V when the battery is being charged at 6.23A. The sixth stage could correspond to the time from the end of the fifth stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.300V when the battery is being charged at 5.79A. The seventh stage corresponds to the period from the end of the sixth stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.300V when the battery is being charged at 5.34A. The eighth stage corresponds to the period from the end of the seventh stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.300V when the battery is being charged at 4.89A. The ninth stage corresponds to the period from the end of the eighth stage until the battery voltage reaches 4.380V when the battery is being charged at 4.45A.

[0107] An initial LUT 810 can be generated to represent the initial charging constraint 820 of the battery at the stage corresponding to the charging current. For example, the initial charging constraint 820 could be the anode potential of the battery. However, the examples are not limited to this.

[0108] The initial LUT 810 may also include the charging time and aging rate when the battery is charged using the charging path according to the initial LUT 810, as a charging result 830. See below for reference. Figure 7 The calculation of charging time and aging rate is described in detail as an example of charging result 830.

[0109] In operation 350, the electronic device 200 can generate a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT.

[0110] The electronic device 200 can determine whether the charging result based on the charging path of the initial LUT meets a threshold, and in response to the charging result not meeting the threshold, generate a modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT. For example, the initial charging constraint may be the anode potential.

[0111] For example, the threshold could be whether the total charging time of the fast charging phase has elapsed for a preset period. For instance, the anode potential limit for the first stage in the fast charging phase (e.g., a stage using a charging current of 7.92A) could be adjusted from 0.061V to 0.062V. In this case, the initial LUT and the modified LUT could be referred to as the first LUT and the second LUT, respectively.

[0112] In one example, the charging constraints of any one stage (i.e., the target stage) in the fast charging phase can be adjusted, while the charging constraints of other stages can remain unchanged. For example, in Figure 8 In the initial LUT 810, only the anode potential limit of the first stage can be adjusted, and the anode potential limits of the second to ninth stages can remain unchanged. In the following text, reference will be made to... Figures 9 to 12 Describe in detail an example of identifying the target stage from the stages.

[0113] For a modified LUT, it can be determined whether the charging result of the charging path according to the modified LUT meets a threshold, and a re-modified LUT can be generated by adjusting at least one of the charging constraints of the modified LUT in response to the charging result not meeting the condition. In this case, the modified LUT and the re-modified LUT can be referred to as the second LUT and the third LUT, respectively.

[0114] In operation 360, electronic device 200 determines a final LUT based on the modified LUT in response to the modified (or re-modified) LUT meeting a threshold. For example, the threshold could be whether the charging time of the fast charging phase of the charging path using the modified LUT exceeds a preset time.

[0115] Electronic device 200 can determine the modified LUT (e.g., the nth LUT) or the LUT preceding the modified LUT (e.g., the (n-1)th LUT) as the final LUT. (Refer to the following...) Figure 13 and Figure 14 Describe in detail an example of determining the final LUT based on the modified LUT.

[0116] In operation 370, the electronic device 200 generates the battery charging path based on the final LUT. The charging path can be a path that is modified for each stage of the fast charging process.

[0117] For example, the condition used to change the first stage in the charging path to the second stage could be the charging limit condition of the first stage of the final LUT. For example, if the charging limit condition is the anode potential, and the estimated anode potential of the battery reaches the anode potential limit of the first stage of the final LUT when the battery is charged with a first current (e.g., 7.92A), then the charging current can be changed from the first current to the second current (e.g., 7.57A).

[0118] The battery and electronic device 200 may be included in the terminal, and the terminal may charge the battery using a defined charging path. For example, when a power source is connected to it, the terminal may estimate the current internal state of the battery, determine the stage of the charging path corresponding to the estimated internal state, and charge the battery using the current corresponding to the determined stage.

[0119] Figure 4 An example is shown showing the voltage of a battery relative to its capacity, depending on its degree of aging.

[0120] The state of health (SOH) is a parameter that quantitatively indicates changes in the lifespan characteristics of a battery caused by aging, and can indicate the degree of degradation in battery life or capacity. Various methods can be used to estimate or measure SOH.

[0121] Figure 4 The diagram shows that, for the same battery capacity, the lower the SOH, the higher the battery voltage.

[0122] Figure 5 An example of basic simulation data for charging current is shown.

[0123] Figure 5 The above reference is shown in the middle. Figure 3 Examples of basic simulation data generated by operation 330 are described. 7.92A, 7.57A, 7.12A, 6.67A, 6.23A, 5.79A, 5.34A, 4.89A, and 4.45A correspond to 1.78 coulombs (C), 1.7C, 1.6C, 1.5C, 1.4C, 1.3C, 1.2C, 1.1C, and 1.0C, respectively.

[0124] Figure 6 This shows an example of generating an initial lookup table (LUT). Figure 6 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 6 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 6 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified function. In addition to the following... Figure 6 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 5 The description can also be applied to Figure 6 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0125] Reference Figure 6 The above reference Figure 3 The described operation 340 may include operations 610 to 630.

[0126] In operation 610, the electronic device 200 determines the anode potential at the time point when the battery voltage reaches the first battery voltage limit among preset battery voltage limits while being charged using the first charging current among preset charging currents as the first initial charging limit condition for the first stage. Although the initial charging limit condition is described as the anode potential, the example is not limited to this. For example, the initial charging limit condition may be one or more of the estimated internal states of the battery.

[0127] In operation 620, the electronic device 200 determines the anode potential at the time point when the battery voltage reaches the second battery voltage limit preset by the second charging current using the preset charging current as the second initial charging limit condition of the second stage.

[0128] In operation 630, electronic device 200 generates an initial LUT based on a first initial charging constraint and a second charging constraint. For example, the initial LUT 810 may be generated as including... Figure 8 Initial charging limit condition 820.

[0129] Figure 7 An example is shown for determining whether the initial LUT meets the threshold. Figure 7 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 7 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 7 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified function. In addition to the following... Figure 7 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 6 The description can also be applied to Figure 7 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0130] Reference Figure 7 The above reference Figure 3 The described method for generating a charging path for the battery may further include operations 710 and 720. Operation 710 may include operations 711 to 713.

[0131] In operation 711, electronic device 200 generates a first charging result for a first stage and a second charging result for a second stage. For example, the charging result for a predetermined stage could be a portion of the charging time for that predetermined stage. In another example, the charging result for a predetermined stage could be the aging rate for that predetermined stage. The aging rate could correspond to the amount of anode side reaction.

[0132] In operation 712, the electronic device 200 generates the charging result of the initial LUT based on the first charging result and the second charging result. For example, the charging result can be generated by accumulating the first charging result and the second charging result.

[0133] In operation 713, electronic device 200 determines whether the charging result of the initial LUT meets a threshold. For example, the total charging time (e.g., 30 minutes (min)) can be set as the threshold, and it can be determined whether the charging result based on the initial LUT exceeds 30 minutes.

[0134] If the initial LUT charging result does not meet the threshold, the above reference can be executed. Figure 3 Operation 350 is described. In another example, operation 720 can be performed when the charging result of the initial LUT meets a threshold.

[0135] In operation 720, the electronic device 200 can determine the initial LUT as the final LUT.

[0136] The initial LUT can correspond to the charging path that minimizes the battery's charging time under the battery's current aging state. The charging path that minimizes charging time can also be the charging path that maximizes the aging rate. In other words, there can be a trade-off between charging time and aging rate. For example, when the charging time is set to be as short as a threshold, the initial LUT's charging result can immediately meet the threshold. In this case, the initial LUT can be determined as the final LUT.

[0137] After executing operation 720, you can execute the above reference. Figure 3 Operation 370 is described.

[0138] Figure 8 An example of an initial LUT is shown.

[0139] Reference Figure 8 The initial LUT 810 may include initial charging constraints 820 and charging result 830.

[0140] For example, the initial charging limit 820 could be the anode potential of the battery at each stage.

[0141] For example, the charging result 830 may include the charging time and aging rate based on the charging path of the initial LUT.

[0142] Figure 9 An example of generating a modified LUT based on an initial LUT is shown. Figure 9 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 9 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 9 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified function. In addition to the following... Figure 9 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 8 The description can also be applied to Figure 9 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0143] Reference Figure 9 The above reference Figure 3 The described operation 350 may include operations 910 to 940.

[0144] In operation 910, the electronic device 200 generates a candidate LUT by adjusting each initial charging constraint of the initial LUT within a preset range.

[0145] The charging constraint can be the anode potential, with a preset range of 10mV and an adjustment value of 1mV. For example, if the first anode potential constraint for the first stage is 0.061V, ten candidate LUTs can be generated with the first anode potential constraint adjusted to 0.062V, 0.063V, 0.064V, 0.065V, 0.066V, 0.067V, 0.068V, 0.069V, 0.070V, and 0.071V, respectively. The anode potential constraint for stages other than the first stage may not be adjusted. For example, when there are nine stages, the initial LUT can have 9 × 10 candidate LUTs.

[0146] In operation 920, electronic device 200 calculates the efficiency of the candidate LUT. The following will refer to... Figure 10 Provide a detailed example of the efficiency of computing candidate LUTs.

[0147] In operation 930, the electronic device 200 determines the stage of the initial LUT as the target stage based on calculated efficiency. For example, when the candidate LUT showing the highest efficiency among 90 candidate LUTs is the LUT whose anode potential limit for the second stage is adjusted from 0.061V to 0.068V, the second stage can be determined as the target stage.

[0148] In operation 940, electronic device 200 can generate a modified LUT by adjusting the value of the target initial charge limit for the target stage. For example, the value of the target initial charge limit can be adjusted to a preset value (e.g., 1mV). In this example, if the second stage is determined to be the target stage, the initial anode potential limit for the second stage can be adjusted from 0.061V to 0.062V.

[0149] Figure 10 An example of the efficiency of computing candidate LUTs for the initial LUT is shown. Figure 10 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 10 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 10 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified function. In addition to the following... Figure 10 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 9 The description can also be applied to Figure 10 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0150] Reference Figure 10 The above reference Figure 9 The described operation 920 may include operations 1010 and 1020.

[0151] In operation 1010, electronic device 200 calculates the first charging time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT of the candidate LUT.

[0152] The following will refer to Figure 11 A detailed example of calculating the first charging time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT is provided.

[0153] In operation 1020, electronic device 200 calculates the first efficiency of the first candidate LUT based on a reference aging rate, a reference charging time, a first charging time, and a first aging rate. The reference aging rate and reference charging time can be aging rates and charging times determined by the charging constraints of the initial LUT. For example, the first efficiency can be calculated using Equation 4.

[0154] [Equation 4]

[0155]

[0156] Reference Figure 10An example is described for calculating the efficiency of a candidate LUT for an initial LUT. However, an example is described that can be similarly applied to calculating the efficiency of a candidate LUT for a modified LUT (e.g., a second LUT). In this case, the reference aging rate and reference charging time can correspond to the aging rate and charging time under the charging constraints of the modified LUT.

[0157] Figure 11 An example of calculating the aging rate of a candidate LUT is shown. Figure 11 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 11 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 11 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, can be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified functions. In addition to the following... Figure 11 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 10 The description can also be applied to Figure 11 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0158] Reference Figure 11 The above reference Figure 10 The described operation 1010 may include operations 1110 to 1130.

[0159] In operation 1110, electronic device 200 calculates the first sub-charge time and the first sub-aging rate of the first candidate LUT in the first stage. For example, the first sub-charge time may be the time from the start of the first stage to the start of the second stage. For example, the first sub-aging rate may be calculated based on the side reaction current generated in the first stage.

[0160] In operation 1120, electronic device 200 calculates the second sub-charge time and the second sub-aging rate of the second stage of the first candidate LUT. For example, the second sub-charge time can be the time from the start of the second stage to the start of the third stage. For example, the second sub-aging rate can be calculated based on the side reaction current generated in the second stage.

[0161] In operation 1130, the electronic device 200 calculates the first charging time of the first candidate LUT based on the first sub-charging time and the second sub-charging time, and calculates the first aging rate of the first candidate LUT based on the first sub-aging rate and the second sub-aging rate.

[0162] For example, the first charging time can be calculated by summing the first sub-charging time and the second sub-charging time. Similarly, the first aging rate can be calculated by summing the first sub-aging rate and the second sub-aging rate.

[0163] Reference Figure 11 An example is described for calculating the first charge time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT. However, the description can be similarly applied to examples for calculating the charge time and aging rate of each of the initial LUT and the modified LUT.

[0164] Figure 12 This example shows how to generate a re-modified LUT based on the modified LUT. Figure 12 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 12 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 12 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified function. (Except for the following...) Figure 12 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 11 The description can also be applied to Figure 12 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0165] Reference Figure 12 The above reference Figure 3 and Figure 9 The described operation 350 may also include operations 1210 to 1230. (Referring to the execution of the reference...) Figure 9 After operation 940 is described, operation 1210 can be performed.

[0166] In operation 1210, the electronic device 200 generates the charging result of the modified LUT.

[0167] The description of operation 1210 can be replaced with the above reference. Figure 7 The descriptions of operations 711 and 712 are provided.

[0168] In operation 1220, electronic device 200 determines whether the charging result of the modified LUT meets a threshold. For example, the total charging time (e.g., 30 minutes) can be set as the threshold, and it can be determined whether the charging result based on the modified LUT exceeds 30 minutes.

[0169] The description of operation 1220 can be replaced with the above reference. Figure 7 The description of operation 713.

[0170] When the charging result of the modified LUT meets the threshold, the above reference can be executed. Figure 3 Operation 360 is described. Operations 1230 can be performed when the charging result of the modified LUT does not meet the threshold.

[0171] In operation 1230, electronic device 200 can generate a re-modified LUT by adjusting at least one of the charging constraints of the modified LUT. The description of an example of generating a re-modified LUT can be replaced with the above reference. Figure 9 The descriptions of operations 910 to 940 are as follows.

[0172] The following will refer to Figure 14 Describe in detail the iteratively modified LUT.

[0173] Figure 13 This example illustrates how the final LUT is determined from the modified LUT and the LUT prior to the modified LUT. Figure 13 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 13 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 13 One or more blocks and combinations thereof can be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified functions. In addition to the following... Figure 13 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 12 The description can also be applied to Figure 13 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0174] Reference Figure 13 The above reference Figure 3 The described operation 360 may include operations 1310 to 1330.

[0175] In operation 1310, electronic device 200 calculates a first difference between the modified LUT's charging time and the target charging time. For example, if the modified LUT's charging time is 30.08 minutes and the target charging time is 30 minutes, the first difference can be calculated as 0.08 minutes.

[0176] In operation 1320, electronic device 200 calculates a second difference between the charging time of the previous LUT and the target charging time. For example, if the charging time of the previous LUT was 29.98 minutes and the target charging time was 30 minutes, the second difference could be calculated as 0.02 minutes.

[0177] In operation 1330, the electronic device 200 determines the LUT having the smaller of a first difference and a second difference as the final LUT. In the example above, the first difference is 0.08 minutes and the second difference is 0.02 minutes. Therefore, the LUT prior to the modified LUT can be determined as the final LUT.

[0178] Figure 14 Examples of an initial LUT and multiple LUTs are shown.

[0179] Reference Figure 14 When the target charging time is set to 30 minutes, the result of LUT64 1420 can be determined to meet the threshold. For example, one of the LUTs can be determined as the final LUT according to a preset strategy.

[0180] For example, LUT64 1420 can be determined as the final LUT.

[0181] As another example, LUT63 1410, which is the LUT preceding LUT64 1420, can be identified as the final LUT.

[0182] As another example, since the difference between LUT64 1420 and LUT63 1410, which is the LUT preceding LUT64 1420, is calculated as 0.08 minutes, LUT63 1410 can be identified as the final LUT.

[0183] Figure 15 An example of a charging path determined for a preset target charging time is shown, considering the battery voltage and anode potential.

[0184] Reference Figure 15 The results show that the higher the SOC, the lower the anode potential of the battery. Therefore, when the anode potential is low, the increased side reaction current increases with the increase of SOC.

[0185] Figure 16 An example of a charging path determined for a preset target charging time is shown, with regard to the charging current and the side reaction current.

[0186] Reference Figure 16 This illustrates that as the target charging time decreases, a relatively longer period of high charging current is used. The longer the high charging current is used, the greater the side reaction current becomes, leading to an increased aging rate. Since charging time and aging rate are trade-offs, a charging path is needed to most effectively charge the battery within a predetermined charging time (or while minimizing the aging rate).

[0187] The charging path for most efficient charging of the battery within a predetermined charging time can be generated through operations 310 to 370 described above.

[0188] Figure 17 An example of a vehicle is shown.

[0189] Reference Figure 17Vehicle 1700 includes battery pack 1710. Vehicle 1700 can be a vehicle that uses battery pack 1710 as a power source. Vehicle 1700 can be any mode of transportation, delivery, or communication (such as, for example, trucks, tractors, scooters, motorcycles, bicycles, amphibious vehicles, snowmobiles, boats, public transport vehicles, buses, monorails, trains, trams, automobiles, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, autonomous vehicles, electric vehicles, or hybrid vehicles).

[0190] Battery pack 1710 includes a battery management system (BMS) and battery cells (or battery modules). The BMS monitors battery pack 1710 for abnormal behavior and prevents overcharging or over-discharging. Furthermore, the BMS performs thermal control on battery pack 1710 when its temperature exceeds a first temperature (e.g., 40°C) or falls below a second temperature (e.g., -10°C). Additionally, the BMS performs cell balancing to ensure the battery cells in battery pack 1710 have a balanced charge state.

[0191] In one example, vehicle 1700 may include a battery charging device. The battery charging device may generate a charging path for battery pack 1710 (or battery cells in battery pack 1710) and use the generated charging path to charge battery pack 1710 (or battery cells in battery pack 1710).

[0192] Reference Figures 1 to 16 The provided description also applies to Figure 17 Therefore, for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions will be omitted.

[0193] Figure 18 An example of a mobile terminal is shown.

[0194] Reference Figure 18The mobile terminal 1800 includes a battery pack 1810. The mobile terminal 1800 can be a device that uses the battery pack 1810 as a power source. Mobile terminal 1800 can be a portable terminal (such as, for example, a smart agent, mobile phone, cellular phone, smartphone, wearable smart device (such as ring, watch, a pair of glasses, glasses-type device, bracelet, ankle brace, belt, necklace, earring, headband, helmet, device embedded in clothing or glasses display (EGD)), personal computer (PC), portable computer, notebook computer, mini-notebook computer, netbook, ultra-high-performance PC (UMPC), tablet PC (tablet computer), tablet phone, mobile internet device (MID), personal digital assistant (PDA), enterprise digital assistant (EDA), digital camera portable game console, MP3 player, portable / personal multimedia player (PMP), handheld e-reader, portable laptop PC, global positioning system (GPS) navigation, personal navigation device, portable navigation device (PND), handheld game console, e-book, high-definition television (HDTV), smart device, communication system, image processing system, graphics processing system, various Internet of Things (IoT) devices controlled via a network, and other consumer electronics / information technology (CE / IT) devices).

[0195] The battery pack 1810 includes a BMS and battery cells (or battery modules).

[0196] In one example, mobile terminal 1800 may include a battery charging device. The battery charging device may generate a charging path for battery pack 1810 (or battery cells in battery pack 1810) and use the generated charging path to charge battery pack 1810 (or battery cells in battery pack 1810).

[0197] Reference Figures 1 to 17 The provided description also applies to Figure 18 Therefore, for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions will be omitted.

[0198] Figure 19 An example of an electronic device is shown.

[0199] Reference Figure 19 Terminal 1910 includes a battery 1911 and a battery charging device 1912. Terminal 1910 may be a mobile terminal (such as a smartphone, portable computer, tablet PC, or wearable device), but is not limited thereto. Battery charging device 1912 may be in the form of an integrated circuit (IC), but is not limited thereto. Battery charging device 1912 can receive power from power source 1920 via wired or wireless means and use the power to charge battery 1911. Battery charging device 1912 can generate a charging path for battery 1911 and use the charging path to charge battery 1911.

[0200] Reference Figures 1 to 18 The provided description also applies to Figure 19 Therefore, for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions will be omitted.

[0201] Figure 20 An example of a method for determining battery charging limits is shown. Figure 20 The operations can be performed in the order and manner shown; however, without departing from the spirit and scope of the examples shown in the description, the order of some operations may be changed or some operations may be omitted. Figure 20 Many of the operations shown can be performed in parallel or simultaneously. Figure 20 One or more blocks, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by a computer based on dedicated hardware (such as a processor) or a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions to perform the specified function. In addition to the following... Figure 20 In addition to the description, Figures 1 to 19 The description can also be applied to Figure 20 And it is included here by reference. Therefore, the above description need not be repeated here.

[0202] Reference Figure 20 Operations from 2010 to 2040 can be referenced above. Figures 3 to 14 The described electronic device 200 performs.

[0203] In operation 2010, electronic device 200 generates basic simulation data of preset charging current based on a battery model indicating the internal state of the battery.

[0204] The description of Operation 2010 can be replaced with the above reference. Figure 3 The description of operation 330.

[0205] In operation 2020, electronic device 200 generates a Level Underlying Device (LUT) based on basic analog data for preset charging current and preset battery voltage limits. For example, each LUT may represent a charging limit condition for the battery at a stage corresponding to the charging current. For example, the battery charging limit condition may be an anode potential limit.

[0206] The description of Operation 2020 can be replaced with the above reference. Figure 3 The descriptions of operations 340 and 350 are provided. The LUT may include an initial LUT and modified LUTs generated based on the initial LUT. In operation 2030, the electronic device 200 determines a target LUT from the LUTs based on a threshold. For example, the threshold may be whether the charging time, as a result of charging each LUT, exceeds a preset target charging time. According to a strategy preset for the electronic device 200, LUTs that meet the threshold or LUTs preceding the specified LUT may be determined as target LUTs.

[0207] The description of operation 2030 can be replaced with the above reference. Figure 3 The description of the operation is as follows (360's description).

[0208] In operation 2040, electronic device 200 determines the target charging limit of the target LUT as the charging limit of the battery.

[0209] According to the example, the battery can be charged based on battery limitations. For instance, when charging with a first charging current during the first stage of a fast-charging phase, if the charging limitations of the first stage are met, charging with the first charging current can be paused. Then, the battery can be charged with a second charging current during the second stage of the fast-charging phase.

[0210] The battery charging device 120, battery charging device 1912, and other devices, apparatuses, units, modules, and components described herein are implemented via hardware components. Examples of hardware components that can be used to perform the operations described herein include, where appropriate, controllers, sensors, generators, drivers, memories, comparators, arithmetic logic units, adders, subtractors, multipliers, dividers, integrators, and any other electronic components configured to perform the operations described herein. In other examples, one or more hardware components performing the operations described herein are implemented via computing hardware (e.g., via one or more processors or computers). A processor or computer is implemented via one or more processing elements (such as arrays of logic gates, controllers and arithmetic logic units, digital signal processors, microcomputers, programmable logic controllers, field-programmable gate arrays, programmable logic arrays, microprocessors, or any other means or combination of means configured to respond to and execute instructions in a defined manner to obtain desired results). In one example, the processor or computer includes or is connected to one or more memories storing instructions or software executed by the processor or computer. Hardware components implemented via processors or computers can execute instructions or software (such as an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications running on the OS) to perform the operations described in this application. The hardware components can also access, manipulate, process, create, and store data in response to the execution of instructions or software. For simplicity, the singular terms "processor" or "computer" are used in the description of the examples described in this application, but in other examples, multiple processors or computers may be used, or a processor or computer may include multiple processing elements or multiple types of processing elements or both. For example, a single hardware component or two or more hardware components may be implemented by a single processor or two or more processors or a processor and a controller. One or more hardware components may be implemented by one or more processors or a processor and a controller, or by one or more other processors or another processor and another controller. One or more processors or a processor and a controller may implement a single hardware component or two or more hardware components. The hardware components may have any one or more of different processing configurations, examples of which include a single processor, a standalone processor, a parallel processor, a single instruction single data (SISD) multiprocessor, a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) multiprocessor, multiple instruction single data (MISD) multiprocessor, multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) multiprocessor, a controller arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a DSP, a microcomputer, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic unit (PLU), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or any other device capable of responding to and executing instructions in a prescribed manner.

[0211] The methods for performing the operations described in this application are executed by computing hardware (e.g., by one or more processors or computers as described above, implemented to execute instructions or software to perform the operations performed by the methods described in this application). For example, a single operation or two or more operations can be executed by a single processor, two or more processors, or a processor and a controller. One or more operations can be executed by one or more processors or a processor and a controller, and one or more other operations can be executed by one or more other processors or another processor and another controller. One or more processors or a processor and a controller can execute a single operation or two or more operations.

[0212] Instructions or software for controlling a processor or computer to implement hardware components and perform the methods described above are written as computer programs, code segments, instructions, or any combination thereof, for individually or collectively instructing or configuring the processor or computer to operate as a machine or special-purpose computer for performing operations via hardware components and the methods described above. In one example, the instructions or software include machine code (such as machine code generated by a compiler) that is directly executed by the processor or computer. In one example, the instructions or software include at least one of a applet, dynamic link library (DLL), middleware, firmware, device driver, or application program that stores a method for generating a charging path for a battery. In another example, the instructions or software include higher-level code that is executed by the processor or computer using an interpreter. Those skilled in the art can readily write the instructions or software based on the block diagrams and flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings and the corresponding descriptions in the specification, which discloses algorithms for performing operations via hardware components and the methods described above.

[0213] Instructions or software used to control the processor or computer to implement hardware components and perform the methods described above, and any associated data, data files, and data structures, are recorded, stored, or fixed in one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable storage media include read-only memory (ROM), random access programmable read-only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), spin-transfer torque (STT)-MRAM, static random access memory (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), zero-capacitance RAM (Z-RAM), dual-transistor RAM (TTRAM), conductive bridged RAM (CBRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), phase-change RAM (PRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), nanotube RRAM, polymer RAM (PoRAM), nanofloating gate memory (NFGM), holographic memory, molecular electronic memory, insulator resistance variation memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory, non-volatile memory, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD+R, CD-RW, CD+RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, BD-ROM, BD-R, BD-R LTH, BD-RE, Blu-ray or optical disc storage, hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), flash memory, card-type storage (such as multimedia card micro or card (e.g., Secure Digital (SD) or Extreme Digital (XD)), magnetic tape, floppy disk, magneto-optical data storage device, optical data storage device, hard disk, solid-state drive, and any other device configured to store instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures in a non-transitory manner, and to provide instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures to a processor or computer so that the processor or computer can execute the instructions. In one example, the instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are distributed across a networked computer system, such that the instructions or software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are stored, accessed, and executed in a distributed manner through one or more processors or computers.

[0214] While this disclosure includes specific examples, it will be clear upon understanding this disclosure that various changes in form and detail may be made in the examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects in each example is to be considered applicable to similar features or aspects in other examples. Suitable results may be obtained if the described methods are performed in a different order and / or if elements in the described system, architecture, apparatus, or circuit are combined in different ways and / or replaced or supplemented by other elements or their equivalents. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is not limited by the specific embodiments but by the claims and their equivalents, and all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents shall be construed as being included within this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for generating a charging path for a battery, the method comprising: Simulated data of charging current is generated based on a battery model that indicates the internal state of the battery; An initial lookup table (LUT) is generated based on the simulation data for the charging current and preset battery voltage limits. The initial LUT represents the initial charging limit conditions of the battery at the stage corresponding to the charging current. In response to the initial LUT not meeting the threshold, a modified LUT is generated by adjusting at least one of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT; In response to the modified LUT satisfying the threshold, a final LUT is determined based on the modified LUT; and The charging path of the battery is generated based on the final LUT. The steps for generating the modified LUT include: Candidate LUTs are generated by adjusting each of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT within the range; Calculate the efficiency of the candidate LUT; Identify the most efficient target stage from the initial LUT stages; and The modified LUT is generated by adjusting the initial charging constraints of the target phase. The steps for calculating the efficiency of candidate LUTs include: Calculate the first charging time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT in the candidate LUTs; and The first efficiency of the first candidate LUT is calculated based on the first charging time and the first aging rate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The charging path corresponds to a portion of the battery's total charging capacity.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Obtain one or more parameters indicating the state of the battery; and Update the battery model based on one or more of the parameters. The step of generating simulation data includes generating simulation data of charging current based on the updated battery model.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The steps to generate the initial LUT include: The anode potential at which the battery voltage reaches the first battery voltage limit in the preset battery voltage limit when the battery voltage is charged using the first charging current in the charging current is determined as the first initial charging limit condition of the first stage. The anode potential at which the battery voltage reaches the second battery voltage limit in the preset battery voltage limit when charged by the second charging current in the charging current is determined as the second initial charging limit condition for the second stage; and An initial LUT is generated based on the first initial charging constraint and the second initial charging constraint.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: Determine whether the initial LUT meets the threshold based on the following steps: Generate the first charging result of the first stage and the second charging result of the second stage; The charging results of the initial LUT are generated based on the first charging results and the second charging results; and Determine whether the charging result meets the threshold.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The steps for calculating the first charging time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT include: Calculate the first sub-charge time and first sub-aging rate of the first stage of the first candidate LUT; Calculate the second sub-charge time and second sub-aging rate of the second stage of the first candidate LUT; and The first charging time is calculated based on the first sub-charging time and the second sub-charging time, and the first aging rate is calculated based on the first sub-aging rate and the second sub-aging rate.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The steps to determine the final LUT include: determining the modified LUT or the LUT preceding the modified LUT as the final LUT according to a preset strategy.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The steps to determine the final LUT include: Calculate the first difference between the charging time of the modified LUT and the target charging time, which is the threshold. Calculate the second difference between the charging time of the LUT before the modification and the target charging time; and The LUT corresponding to the smaller of the first and second differences is determined as the final LUT.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The battery is included in the mobile device.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The battery is included in the vehicle.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. An electronic device for generating a charging path for a battery, the electronic device comprising: The processor is configured as follows: Simulated data of charging current is generated based on a battery model that indicates the internal state of the battery; An initial lookup table (LUT) is generated based on the simulation data for the charging current and preset battery voltage limits. The initial LUT represents the initial charging limit conditions of the battery at the stage corresponding to the charging current. In response to the initial LUT not meeting the threshold, a modified LUT is generated by adjusting at least one of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT; When the modified LUT meets the threshold, the final LUT is determined based on the modified LUT; and The charging path of the battery is generated based on the final LUT. The processor is configured as follows: Candidate LUTs are generated by adjusting each of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT within the range; Calculate the efficiency of the candidate LUT; Identify the most efficient target stage from the initial LUT stages; and The modified LUT is generated by adjusting the initial charging constraints of the target phase. The processor is also configured as follows: Calculate the first charging time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT in the candidate LUTs; and The first efficiency of the first candidate LUT is calculated based on the first charging time and the first aging rate.

13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein, The electronic device and battery are included in the mobile communication terminal.

14. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein, The electronic devices and batteries are included in the vehicle.

15. A method for determining charging constraints for charging a battery, the method comprising: Simulated data of charging current is generated based on a battery model that indicates the internal state of the battery; Based on the simulation data, a lookup table (LUT) is generated for charging current and preset battery voltage limits. Each LUT represents the charging limit conditions of the battery at the stage corresponding to the charging current. Determine the target LUT from the LUT based on the threshold; and The target charging constraint of the target LUT is determined to be the charging constraint of the battery. The steps for generating a LUT include: An initial LUT (Low Voltage Limit) is generated based on simulated data, targeting the charging current and preset battery voltage limits. The initial LUT represents the initial charging limit conditions for the battery at the stage corresponding to the charging current. Modified LUTs are generated based on the initial LUT, each of which has at least one different charging constraint from the initial LUT. The steps for generating a modified LUT based on the initial LUT include: Candidate LUTs are generated by adjusting each of the initial charging constraints of the initial LUT within the range; Calculate the efficiency of the candidate LUT; Identify the most efficient target stage from the initial LUT stages; and The first modified LUT is generated by adjusting the initial charging constraints of the target stage. The steps for calculating the efficiency of candidate LUTs include: Calculate the first charging time and first aging rate of the first candidate LUT in the candidate LUTs; and The first efficiency of the first candidate LUT is calculated based on the first charging time and the first aging rate.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The step of generating a modified LUT based on the initial LUT further includes generating a second modified LUT by adjusting the value of the target initial charging constraint included in the charging constraint in the first modified LUT.

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