Experimental equipment

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental device for testing a test object, which includes: a testing part having a space for accommodating the test object; a heating device configured to heat the testing part; a vacuum pumping device configured to pump the testing part into a vacuum; wherein, a part of the testing part is disposed inside the heating device and another part is disposed outside the heating device, an opening is provided in the part of the testing part disposed outside the heating device, and the test object can be placed into the testing part through the opening. The experimental device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can make the force condition of the test object consistent with the actual situation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of reactor safety, and more particularly to an experimental device. Background Art

[0002] Pellet-cladding interaction (PCI) is an important cause leading to the failure of the cladding tube of reactor fuel rods. Specifically, the cladding tube of reactor fuel rods contains pellets. The fission of uranium 235 in the pellets generates iodine, which can corrode the cladding tube. At the same time, the pellets undergo irradiation swelling under the action of irradiation, increasing in volume, and then causing the pellets to contact the inner wall of the cladding tube. The pellets exert circumferential stress on the cladding tube in the radial direction of the cladding tube from the inside. The combined action of iodine corrosion and circumferential stress causes the cladding tube to crack, that is, iodine-induced stress corrosion occurs.

[0003] In order to study iodine-induced stress corrosion, in the related art, an axial tensile test device is often used to stretch the test object to simulate iodine-induced stress corrosion. However, this test device directly applies an axial tensile force to the test object, which cannot make the stress situation of the test object consistent with the actual situation, and it is difficult to obtain accurate research data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide an experimental device for testing a test object, which includes: a test part having a space for accommodating the test object; a heating device configured to heat the test part; a vacuum pumping device configured to evacuate the test part; wherein, a part of the test part is arranged inside the heating device, and another part is arranged outside the heating device. The part of the test part arranged outside the heating device is provided with an opening through which the test object can be placed into the test part.

[0005] The experimental device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can make the stress situation of the test object consistent with the actual situation. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easy to understand from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0007] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental device of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0008] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the test part of the experimental device of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the test part of the experimental device of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the test part of the experimental equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the test part of the experimental equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the fastening member of the experimental equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and are shown only in a schematic manner that does not affect the understanding of the reader. Detailed implementation manners

[0014] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should be understood in the ordinary sense by those of ordinary skill in the field to which this application belongs. If descriptions such as "first" and "second" are involved throughout the text, such "first" and "second" descriptions are only used to distinguish similar objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance, sequence, or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. It should be understood that the data described by "first", "second", etc. can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances. If "and / or" appears throughout the text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes the A solution, or the B solution, or the solution where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, for the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "below", "top", "bottom", etc. can be used here, which are only used to describe the spatial position relationship between one device or feature shown in the figure and other devices or features, and it should be understood that it also includes different orientations in use or operation other than the orientations shown in the figure.

[0016] Refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental equipment, which is used to test a test object and includes: a test part 10, the test part 10 having a space for accommodating the test object; a heating device 20, the heating device 20 being configured to be able to heat the test part 10; a vacuum pumping device 30, the vacuum pumping device 30 being configured to be able to evacuate the test part 10; wherein, a part of the test part 10 is arranged inside the heating device 20, and another part is arranged outside the heating device 20, and an opening 111 is provided on the part of the test part 10 arranged outside the heating device 20, and the test object can be put into the test part 10 through the opening 111.

[0017] The experimental equipment provided by the embodiments of the present invention is used to test a test object. The test object can be a sealed zirconium alloy tube filled with high-pressure gas and iodine inside. When testing the test object, the testing part 10 can be sealed. Through the vacuum pumping device 30 and the heating device 20, the testing part 10 of the experimental equipment can provide a vacuum and high-temperature environment for the test object. When testing the test object, the test object is placed in the testing part 10 of the experimental equipment. Since the test object is filled with high-pressure gas and iodine inside, the high-pressure gas can simulate the circumferential stress received by the zirconium alloy tube, and the iodine can simulate the corrosion of iodine on the zirconium alloy tube. By increasing the temperature of the testing part 10 to heat the high-pressure gas inside the test object, the circumferential stress received by the zirconium alloy tube can be increased, resulting in cracking of the zirconium alloy tube to complete the test of the test object.

[0018] When using the experimental equipment provided by the embodiments of the present invention to test a test object, since the test object is not directly forced by the experimental equipment, but only a vacuum and high-temperature environment is provided for the test object, the stress condition of the test object can be made consistent with the actual situation.

[0019] In this embodiment, a part of the testing part 10 is arranged inside the heating device 20, and another part is arranged outside the heating device 20. An opening 111 is arranged on the part of the testing part 10 arranged outside the heating device 20. It can be understood that the part of the testing part 10 arranged outside the heating device 20 has a lower temperature. Through this setting method, the structures near the opening 111 (such as the sealing structure, etc.) can be prevented from being damaged due to excessive temperature.

[0020] The heating device 20 can be a heating furnace with a shell. A part of the testing part 10 is arranged inside the shell of the heating furnace, and another part of the testing part 10 is arranged outside the shell of the heating furnace. The heating device 20 can heat the part of the testing part 10 arranged inside the heating device 20 through the electric heating wire arranged inside the shell of the heating furnace. The electric heating wire can be wound around the outside of the testing part 10.

[0021] The vacuum pumping device 30 is connected to the testing part 10 through a pipeline to achieve vacuum pumping of the testing part 10. In some embodiments, the vacuum pumping device 30 can include a molecular pump and a mechanical pump. The molecular pump and the mechanical pump are arranged in series. First, the mechanical pump is used to make the inside of the testing part 10 reach a lower vacuum degree, and then the molecular pump is switched to make the inside of the testing part 10 reach a higher vacuum degree. After the inside of the testing part 10 reaches a higher vacuum degree, the connection state between the vacuum pumping device 30 and the testing part 10 can be cut off through a valve. Since the test object contains high-pressure gas, when the test object ruptures, the high-pressure gas will be quickly released into the testing part 10, causing a sudden change in the vacuum degree inside the testing part 10. By monitoring this sudden change in the vacuum degree, it can be determined whether the test object has ruptured.

[0022] The test section 10 may include a vacuum degree measuring device, which is arranged on the pipeline connecting the vacuum pumping device 30 and the test section 10. The vacuum degree measuring device is used to measure the vacuum degree inside the pipe body 11. The vacuum pumping device 30 may be connected to the part of the test section 10 outside the heating device 20 through a pipeline. In this way, when the vacuum degree measuring device is arranged on the pipeline, it is convenient to replace the vacuum degree measuring device. The vacuum degree measuring device may be an ionization gauge.

[0023] See Figures 1-4 , in some embodiments, the test section 10 includes a pipe body 11, the pipe body 11 has a closed end and an open end, the closed end is arranged inside the heating device 20, the open end is formed with an opening 111, and the pipe body 11 forms a space for accommodating the object to be tested.

[0024] It can be understood that the experimental equipment provided by the embodiments of the present invention is an experimental equipment for simulating iodine-induced stress corrosion. The experimental equipment generally tests specific objects to be tested, and the objects to be tested are generally in the shape of the cladding tube of a reactor fuel rod. Therefore, in this embodiment, the test space of the test section 10 matches the shape of the cladding tube of the reactor fuel rod, that is, a space (test space) for accommodating the object to be tested is formed through the pipe body 11, so as to reduce the volume of the test space that needs to be evacuated, make it easier to achieve a higher vacuum degree in the test space, and at the same time, since the opening 111 of the pipe body 11 is small, it is also convenient for sealing the test section 10. The diameter of the pipe body 11 may be set slightly larger than the diameter of the object to be tested to avoid waste of the test space and improve the utilization efficiency of the test space. The material of the pipe body 11 may be metal, specifically stainless steel, to provide good heat conductivity and withstand a certain degree of high temperature.

[0025] See Figure 2 、 Figure 5 , in some embodiments, the test section 10 further includes a cover body 12, and the cover body 12 is hermetically connected to the opening 111. When testing the object to be tested, the test section 10 needs to provide a vacuum test environment to detect whether the object to be tested breaks through the sudden change of the vacuum degree. Therefore, the opening 111 can be sealed through the cover body 12 to form a vacuum environment inside the pipe body 11.

[0026] See Figures 2-4 , in some embodiments, the test section 10 further includes a stop portion 13, the stop portion 13 is arranged at the opening 111, and a sealing ring 14 is arranged between the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12. The cover body 12 is hermetically connected to the opening 111 by pressing the sealing ring 14 through the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12.

[0027] The stop portion 13 can be made of metal. The part of the stop portion 13 and the pipe body 11 that forms the opening 111 can be connected by welding, so as to achieve good sealing between the stop portion 13 and the pipe body 11. Specifically, the stop portion 13 can be annular, and the inner side of the annular shape is connected to the outer wall of the pipe body 11 that forms the opening 111. The stop portion 13 can provide a large supporting area for the sealing ring 14. Thus, when the sealing ring 14 is pressed tightly, a large sealing area is formed between the stop portion 13 and the sealing ring 14, which can provide a good sealing effect.

[0028] The sealing ring 14 can be made of rubber. By arranging the sealing ring 14 on the opening 111 located outside the heating device 20, the sealing ring 14 can be not affected by high temperature, ensuring the sealing performance.

[0029] See Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown in and, in some embodiments, the testing portion 10 further includes a tightening member 15 that can be opened and closed. When the tightening member 15 is closed, it fixes the cover body 12 on the stop portion 13 and presses the sealing ring 14 tightly. By providing a tightening member 15 that can be opened and closed, it is convenient to disassemble and install the cover body 12 on the stop portion 13 when putting in or taking out the object to be tested.

[0030] See Figure 6 As shown in, in some embodiments, the tightening member 15 includes a first tightening portion 151 and a second tightening portion 152. One end of the first tightening portion 151 is rotatably connected to one end of the second tightening portion 152. A limiting groove 1511 is fixedly provided at the free end of the first tightening portion 151, and a limiting member 1521 is rotatably provided at the free end of the second tightening portion 152. By changing the position of the limiting member 1521 relative to the limiting groove 1511, the opening and closing of the tightening member 15 are realized.

[0031] The first tightening portion 151 can be hinged to the second tightening portion 152. The limiting groove 1511 can be directly opened at the free end of the first tightening portion 151. The limiting member 1521 can include a limiting nut and a limiting screw. The diameter of the limiting screw is slightly smaller than the width of the limiting groove 1511, so that the limiting screw can enter the limiting groove 1511. The diameter of the limiting nut is larger than the width of the limiting groove 1511 to realize the clamping of the limiting member 1521 and the limiting groove 1511. The clamping area can also be increased by setting a gasket on the limiting screw to reduce the wear of the limiting groove 1511 or the limiting nut. When the limiting screw enters the limiting groove 1511, the tightening force of the tightening member 15 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the limiting nut on the limiting screw.

[0032] The limiting member 1521 can be hingedly connected to the free end of the second tightening portion 152. By rotating the limiting member 1521, the limiting member 1521 can enter the limiting groove 1511 to be engaged with the limiting groove, realizing the closing of the tightening member 15; also, by rotating the limiting member 1521, the limiting member 1521 can be moved outside the limiting groove 1511, realizing the opening of the tightening member 15.

[0033] In some embodiments, a trapezoidal groove 153 is formed inside the tightening member 15. The trapezoidal groove 153 is engaged with the outer edge of the stop portion 13 and the outer edge of the cover body 12. The surfaces of the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12 in contact with the trapezoidal groove 153 are inclined at an angle that matches the trapezoidal groove 153.

[0034] The trapezoidal groove 153 can be presented as a trapezoid with a larger size at the notch part and a smaller size at the bottom part. The groove walls of the two waists forming the trapezoidal groove 153 are respectively engaged with the outer edge of the stop portion 13 and the outer edge of the cover body 12. The outer edges of the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12 are both located in the trapezoidal groove 153. Through this setting method, when the tightening member 15 tightens the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13, the tightening member 15 can provide a relatively close force for the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13, enabling the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13 to better press the sealing ring 14 and providing a more reliable sealing performance.

[0035] In addition, in order to achieve a better sealing performance, the tightening force provided by the tightening member 15 is relatively large. Therefore, the surfaces of the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12 in contact with the trapezoidal groove 153 are inclined at an angle that matches the trapezoidal groove 153. That is to say, the edges of the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12 form inclined surfaces. When the tightening member 15 tightens the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12, the inclination angle of the inclined surface is the same as the inclination angle of the waist of the trapezoidal groove 153. This can increase the contact area between the trapezoidal groove 153 and the outer edges of the stop portion 13 and the cover body 12, and prevent the tightening member 15 from damaging the outer edges of the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13 when the tightening member 15 tightens the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13.

[0036] In some embodiments, the testing portion 10 further includes a support ring 16, and the sealing ring 14 is sleeved on the support ring 16.

[0037] It can be understood that when the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13 press the sealing ring 14, the sealing ring 14 will undergo a certain degree of deformation. In order to prevent the sealing ring 14 from undergoing excessive deformation, which may affect the sealing effect and the service life of the sealing ring 14, the sealing ring 14 can be sleeved on the support ring 16. The support ring 16 supports the sealing ring 14 to maintain the shape of the sealing ring 14, so that the deformation of the sealing ring 14 occurs within a certain range.

[0038] The support ring 16 can be made of metal, specifically aluminum alloy. The thickness of the support ring 16 in the axial direction of the support ring 16 is greater than the thickness of the sealing ring 14. A convex structure 161 with a groove is formed in the middle of the outer wall of the support ring 16, and the sealing ring 14 is sleeved in the groove of the convex structure 161. When the support ring 16 is arranged between the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13, the convex structure of the support ring 16 can support the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13, which can prevent the distance between the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13 from being too small, and further prevent the sealing ring 14 from being over-extruded.

[0039] In some embodiments, a first annular groove 121 matching the shape of the support ring 16 is provided on the surface of the cover body 12 in contact with the sealing ring 14; a second annular groove 131 matching the shape of the support ring 16 is provided on the surface of the stop portion 13 in contact with the sealing ring 14; the support ring 16 is arranged in the space jointly formed by the first annular groove 121 and the second annular groove 131.

[0040] The upper and lower edge portions of the support ring 16 in the axial direction can respectively enter the first annular groove 121 and the second annular groove 131. By providing the first annular groove 121 and the second annular groove 131, the support ring 16 can be positioned at a specified position in the middle of the cover body 12 and the stop portion 13, and further play a role in positioning the sealing ring 14, so as to ensure the uniformity of the seal in the circumferential direction of the inlet 111.

[0041] In some embodiments, the testing portion 10 further includes a temperature measuring device 122. The temperature measuring device 122 is arranged on the cover body 12, and the temperature measuring portion 1221 of the temperature measuring device 122 passes through the cover body 12 and extends into the pipe body 11.

[0042] It can be understood that since the temperature difference between the part of the testing portion 10 outside the heating device 20 and the part inside the heating device 20 is relatively large, the temperature measuring portion 1221 needs to extend into the part of the testing portion 10 inside the heating device 20 to obtain the actual temperature of the object to be tested. More specifically, the object to be tested is generally located near the closed end in the pipe body 11, and the temperature measuring portion 1221 extends to a position near the closed end in the pipe body 11 to obtain the temperature near the object to be tested.

[0043] In addition to the temperature measuring portion 1221, the temperature measuring device 122 also includes other parts (such as a data processing part and a data transmission part). These other parts often cannot withstand high temperatures. Therefore, the temperature measuring device 122 is arranged on the cover body 12, and only the temperature measuring portion 1221 passes through the cover body 12 and extends into the pipe body 11. Since the cover body 12 is arranged at the inlet 111, and the inlet 111 is located outside the heating device 20 and has a lower temperature, it can avoid damage to other parts of the temperature measuring device 122. The temperature measuring device 122 can be welded to the cover body 12 to achieve good sealing, and the temperature measuring device 122 can be a thermocouple.

[0044] In some embodiments, the experimental device includes a plurality of test units 10 and a plurality of heating devices 20, and a plurality of test units 10 are provided in each heating device 20. By providing a plurality of test units 10, multiple test objects can be measured simultaneously. The temperature and vacuum degree of each test unit 10 can be controlled separately. Each test unit 10 can be respectively configured with an electric heating wire. When a plurality of test units 10 are arranged in the same heating device 20, asbestos can be filled in the heating device 20 to avoid large interference between the electric heating wires of different test units 10, which is convenient for temperature control. At the same time, when a plurality of test units 10 are arranged in the same heating device 20, it is difficult to avoid slight interference caused by the electric heating wire of one test unit 10 to other test units 10. Therefore, by providing a plurality of heating devices 20, the electric heating wires of multiple test units 10 in the same heating device 20 can be prevented from interfering with each other.

[0045] The experimental device further includes a protection system. When the temperature inside the test unit 10 exceeds the set value, the protection system can stop the heating device 20 from heating.

[0046] When using the experimental device provided by the embodiments of the present invention for testing, one or more test objects are placed in the test unit 10, the test unit 10 is sealed, and the mechanical pump of the vacuum pumping device 30 is turned on to pump vacuum for the test unit 10. When the vacuum degree of the test unit 10 is less than a certain value (such as 10 -3 Pa), the molecular pump is turned on to pump vacuum for the test unit 10. When the preset vacuum degree (such as 10 -5 Pa) is reached, the valve between the vacuum pumping device 30 and the test unit 10 is closed, the temperature of the heating device 20 is set, and the test unit 10 is heated. The temperature data and vacuum degree data collected by the experimental device can both be transmitted to the monitoring system. The monitoring system can record the temperature change curve over time and the vacuum degree change curve over time. When the vacuum degree inside the test unit 10 suddenly drops, it can be determined that the test object has cracked.

[0047] For the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0048] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for testing an object to be tested, comprising: A testing section (10), the testing section (10) having a space for accommodating the object to be tested; a heating device (20), the heating device (20) being configured to heat the test portion (10); a vacuuming device (30), the vacuuming device (30) being configured to vacuum the test portion (10); Part of the test section (10) is arranged inside the heating device (20), and another part is arranged outside the heating device (20); the part of the test section (10) arranged outside the heating device (20) is provided with an opening (111), and the object to be tested can be placed into the test section (10) through the opening (111); The testing portion (10) comprises a tube body (11), the tube body (11) having a closed end and an open end, the closed end being arranged in the heating device (20), the open end being formed with the opening (111), and the tube body (11) being formed with a space for accommodating the object to be tested; The testing portion (10) further comprises a cover (12), wherein the cover (12) is sealedly connected to the opening (111); The object to be tested is a sealed zirconium alloy tube filled with high-pressure gas and iodine.

2. The experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: The test section (10) further comprises a stopper (13), the stopper (13) being arranged at the opening (111), a sealing ring (14) being arranged between the stopper (13) and the cover body (12), and the sealing ring (14) being pressed against the stopper (13) and the cover body (12) to achieve a sealed connection between the cover body (12) and the opening (111).

3. The experimental device according to claim 2, wherein: The testing part (10) further comprises a clamping member (15) capable of opening and closing. When the clamping member (15) is closed, the cover (12) is fixed on the stopper (13) and the sealing ring (14) is compressed.

4. The experimental device according to claim 3, wherein: The tightening member (15) includes a first tightening portion (151) and a second tightening portion (152), one end of the first tightening portion (151) is rotatably connected to one end of the second tightening portion (152), a free end of the first tightening portion (151) is fixedly provided with a limiting groove (1511), and a free end of the second tightening portion (152) is rotatably provided with a limiting member (1521), and the opening and closing of the tightening member (15) is achieved by changing the position of the limiting member (1521) relative to the limiting groove (1511).

5. The experimental device according to claim 3, wherein: A trapezoidal groove (153) is formed on the inner side of the tightening member (15), and the trapezoidal groove (153) is engaged with the outer edge of the stopper (13) and the outer edge of the cover body (12), and the surfaces of the stopper (13) and the cover body (12) in contact with the trapezoidal groove (153) are inclined to an angle that matches the trapezoidal groove (153).

6. The experimental device according to claim 2, wherein: The testing part (10) further comprises a support ring (16), and the sealing ring (14) is sleeved on the support ring (16).

7. The experimental device according to claim 6, wherein: A first annular groove (121) matching the shape of the support ring (16) is provided on the surface of the cover body (12) in contact with the sealing ring (14); A second annular groove (131) matching the shape of the support ring (16) is provided on the surface of the stopper (13) in contact with the sealing ring (14); The support ring (16) is arranged in a space formed by the first annular groove (121) and the second annular groove (131).

8. The experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: The testing part (10) further includes a temperature measuring device (122), wherein the temperature measuring device (122) is arranged on the cover body (12), and a temperature measuring part (1221) of the temperature measuring device (122) passes through the cover body (12) and extends into the tube body (11).

9. The experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: The test section (10) further comprises a vacuum degree measuring device, which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the vacuum pumping device (30) and the test section (10), and is used to measure the vacuum degree in the tube body (11).

10. The experimental device according to claim 1, wherein: The experimental equipment comprises a plurality of the test parts (10) and a plurality of the heating devices (20), and each of the heating devices (20) is provided with a plurality of the test parts (10).

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