Reactor cavity cooling system and reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a reactor chamber cooling system, which comprises a liquid-cooled wall arranged around a reactor core, the liquid-cooled wall comprising a bottom plate and a glass plate, a space for containing a heat-carrying medium being formed between the glass plate and the bottom plate, and the glass plate being located on the inner side of the bottom plate; a thermal radiation coating arranged on the outer surface of a reactor pressure vessel, the thermal radiation coating converting the heat of the pressure vessel wall into short-wavelength infrared thermal radiation, and the short-wavelength infrared thermal radiation being radiated to the heat-carrying medium through the glass plate; and a heat exchange device connected to the top of the liquid-cooled wall at one end and connected to the bottom of the liquid-cooled wall at the other end. The thermal radiation coating arranged on the surface of the reactor pressure vessel enables the thermal radiation from the pressure vessel wall to be directly absorbed by the heat-carrying medium through the glass plate, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is higher, and the safety of the reactor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cooling devices, and in particular to a reactor compartment cooling system and a reactor. Background Art

[0002] In high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), the reactor compartment cooling system is crucial for dissipating heat within the reactor compartment and decay heat within the core, ensuring reactor safety. However, the complex heat transfer process within the reactor compartment currently results in a high overall thermal resistance, which affects the reactor's heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, further optimization of the heat transfer process in existing reactors is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the reactor, the present application provides a reactor compartment cooling system and a reactor, which adopt the following technical solutions:

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a reactor compartment cooling system, comprising:

[0005] a liquid-cooled wall, arranged to surround the reactor core, the liquid-cooled wall comprising a bottom plate and a glass plate, a space for accommodating a heat-carrying medium being formed between the glass plate and the bottom plate, the glass plate being located on the inner side of the bottom plate;

[0006] a heat radiation coating, arranged on the outer surface of the reactor pressure vessel, to convert heat from the pressure vessel wall into short-wavelength infrared heat radiation, so that the short-wavelength infrared heat radiation is radiated through the glass plate to the heat-carrying medium;

[0007] A heat exchange device has one end connected to the top of the liquid-cooled wall and the other end connected to the bottom of the liquid-cooled wall.

[0008] Optionally, the heat carrier medium includes a liquid heat carrier and phase change particles, and the phase change particles are mixed in the liquid heat carrier.

[0009] Optionally, the liquid-cooled wall further includes a plurality of partitions connected between the base plate and the glass plate, the partitions being arranged in parallel to divide the space accommodating the heat carrier into a plurality of side-by-side channels, and both ends of the channels are respectively connected to the heat exchange device.

[0010] Optionally, the bottom plate and the partition are both made of metal.

[0011] Optionally, the liquid heat carrier is water.

[0012] Optionally, the wavelength range of the short-wavelength infrared thermal radiation is 0.9-1.5 μm.

[0013] Optionally, a plurality of the heat exchange devices are provided, and the plurality of heat exchange devices are respectively connected to the liquid-cooled wall.

[0014] Optionally, the liquid-cooled wall is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the reactor compartment.

[0015] Optionally, the heat exchange device is an air cooling tower.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a reactor, comprising:

[0017] cabin;

[0018] A pressure vessel is disposed in the cabin, and a core structure is disposed inside the pressure vessel;

[0019] In the cooling system described in any one of the first aspects, the thermal radiation coating is provided on the outer surface of the pressure vessel, the liquid-cooled wall is provided on the inner wall of the chamber, and the glass plate faces the thermal radiation coating.

[0020] As described above, when the cooling system of the present application is applied to a reactor, during operation, most of the heat in the reactor pressure vessel is converted into short-wavelength infrared heat radiation by the thermal radiation coating, which is directly absorbed by the heat carrier through the glass plate. A small amount of heat is transferred to the surface of the glass plate by natural convection and absorbed by the heat carrier. The heat absorbed by the heat carrier is transferred to the external environment through the heat exchange device.

[0021] This application provides a thermal radiation coating on the surface of the reactor pressure vessel so that the thermal radiation from the pressure vessel wall can be directly absorbed by the heat carrier through the glass plate. Compared with the traditional heat dissipation method relying on heat conduction and natural convection, the heat dissipation efficiency is higher, thereby improving the safety of the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exceeding the scope of protection required by this application.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a reactor compartment cooling system and its relationship with the reactor installation position provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic cross-section of the middle reactor compartment and its internal structure;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1A longitudinal section of the middle liquid-cooled wall and a schematic diagram illustrating the heat exchange process between it and the pressure vessel;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a partial cross section of the liquid-cooled wall.

[0027] In the figures, the reference numerals refer to the following:

[0028] 1. Liquid-cooled wall; 11. Bottom plate; 12. Glass plate; 13. Partition plate;

[0029] 2. Thermal radiation coating;

[0030] 3. Heat exchange device;

[0031] 4. Heat carrier; 41. Liquid heat carrier; 42. Phase change particles;

[0032] 100. Cabin;

[0033] 200. Pressure vessel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of this application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections, or interconnected connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0036] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the heat dissipation principle of the existing reactor is first briefly introduced. When the existing high-temperature gas-cooled reactor reactor compartment cooling system is working, the heat must first be transferred from the pressure vessel wall to the surface of the outflow circuit heat exchanger in the form of radiation and convection, and then the heat is transferred to the heat carrier through the heat conduction effect of the heat exchanger wall and the convection heat transfer effect between the heat exchanger wall and the heat carrier. The total thermal resistance of the entire heat transfer process is relatively high. In the above heat transfer process, heat needs to be transferred to the heat carrier through three heat transfer methods: radiation, convection and heat conduction. The heat transfer efficiency is low, which will affect the cooling rate of the reactor compartment and thus affect the safety of the reactor (especially under accident conditions).

[0037] In addition, for the heat removal process between the existing reactor compartment and the atmospheric environment, the heat in the reactor is transported to the atmospheric environment by relying solely on the natural circulation of air or water. However, due to the insufficient specific heat capacity of air and water, the heat carrying capacity of the working fluid is limited, which is not conducive to the timely transport of heat in the reactor compartment to the atmospheric environment, affecting the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 , is a reactor compartment cooling system disclosed in an embodiment of the present application, which includes a liquid-cooled wall 1, a thermal radiation coating 2 and a heat exchange device 3.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The overall shape of the liquid-cooled wall 1 is a cylindrical structure, which is used to surround the reactor core. The liquid-cooled wall 1 includes a base plate 11, a glass plate 12, and sealing plates (not shown in the figure) arranged at both ends of the base plate 11 and the glass plate 12. It can be understood that when the liquid-cooled wall 1 is an integrated structure, the base plate 11 and the glass plate 12 are connected end to end to form a closed cylindrical structure. The cross-sectional radius of the glass plate 12 is smaller than the cross-sectional radius of the base plate 11. The glass plate 12 is located on the inner side of the base plate 11. The two sealing plates are both annular plates, which are sealed at both ends of the base plate 11 and the glass plate 12, so that a closed space for accommodating the heat carrier 4 is formed between the base plate 11 and the glass plate 12.

[0040] It should be noted that, in the present application, the glass plate 12 is made of high temperature and high pressure resistant glass.

[0041] The thermal radiation coating 2 is disposed around the outer surface of the reactor pressure vessel. The thermal radiation coating 2 can be applied to the pressure vessel by coating or by adhering to the pressure vessel surface using a prefabricated layer structure. The thermal radiation coating 2 converts heat from the pressure vessel wall into short-wavelength infrared thermal radiation, which is then transmitted through the glass plate 12 and directly radiated to the heat carrier 4.

[0042] One end of the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the top of the liquid-cooled wall 1, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the liquid-cooled wall 1, and is used to transfer the heat of the heat carrier 4 to the external environment. The heat exchanger 3 can be a cooling water tank, an air cooling tower, etc., and an air cooling tower is selected in this application.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 When the cooling system of the present application is applied to a reactor, during operation, most of the heat in the reactor pressure vessel is converted into short-wavelength infrared heat radiation by the thermal radiation coating 2, which is directly absorbed by the heat carrier 4 through the glass plate 12. A small amount of heat is transferred to the surface of the glass plate 12 by natural convection and absorbed by the heat carrier 4. The heat absorbed by the heat carrier 4 is transferred to the external environment through the heat exchange device 3.

[0044] Specifically, for the air-cooling tower method, an air inlet is provided at the bottom and an air outlet is provided at the top. The heat carrier 4 circulates along the outlet loop. After the air outside the air-cooling tower absorbs heat, its density decreases and it spontaneously flows upward along the air-cooling tower. At the same time, the heat in the reactor compartment is also discharged into the atmosphere, realizing the heat dissipation process.

[0045] The present application provides a thermal radiation coating 2 on the surface of the reactor pressure vessel so that the thermal radiation from the pressure vessel wall can be directly absorbed by the heat carrier 4 through the glass plate 12. Compared with the existing heat transfer method, the heat transfer process is simplified, the heat dissipation efficiency is higher, and the safety of the reactor is improved.

[0046] Optionally, the liquid-cooled wall 1 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the reactor compartment to make the liquid-cooled wall 1 more stable during operation of the cooling system.

[0047] Optionally, the liquid-cooled wall 1 is configured as a plurality of independent units, each of which has an overall curved plate-like shape. The plurality of units together form a closed cylindrical structure, which is arranged around the pressure vessel. Correspondingly, a plurality of heat exchange devices 3 are provided, corresponding one to one with the liquid-cooled wall 1, and each heat exchange device 3 forms a connected circuit with a liquid-cooled wall 1. Each circuit formed by the liquid-cooled wall 1 and the heat exchange device 3 operates independently, preventing the cooling system from being paralyzed when a failure occurs in one of the circuits, thereby improving the reliability of the cooling system. The provision of multiple liquid-cooled walls 1 reduces the size of each unit and reduces the difficulty of manufacturing and processing.

[0048] Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the heat carrier 4 includes a liquid heat carrier 41 and phase change particles 42. A plurality of phase change particles 42 are provided and mixed in the liquid heat carrier 41. Optionally, the liquid heat carrier 41 in the present application is water.

[0049] Heat from the reactor pressure vessel is transferred simultaneously to the liquid heat carrier 41 and the phase-change particles 42. After absorbing heat, the solid core of the phase-change particles 42 undergoes a phase change, becoming liquid, thereby storing heat. The particles then circulate with the liquid heat carrier 41. After entering the air cooler, the phase-change particles 42 release heat, and their internal core undergoes another phase change, returning from liquid to solid, carrying the heat out of the reactor compartment. The phase-change particles 42 then circulate back into the liquid-cooled wall 1, absorbing and releasing heat once again, repeating the cycle.

[0050] This application improves the heat transfer capacity of the working medium by adding phase-change particles 42 to the liquid heat carrier 41, utilizing the phase change of the phase-change particles 42 to store and release heat. The large surface area of ​​the phase-change particles 42 can increase the radiation heat exchange area and further optimize the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0051] In addition to absorbing radiant heat, the phase-change particles 42 also undergo convective heat transfer with the liquid heat carrier 41. The movement of the phase-change particles 42 in the liquid heat carrier 41 also enhances convective heat transfer between the liquid heat carrier 41 and the inner surface of the liquid-cooled wall 1, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency.

[0052] Optionally, the short-wavelength infrared thermal radiation converted by the thermal radiation coating 2 in the present application has a wavelength range of 0.9-1.5 μm. Thermal radiation within this wavelength range can largely penetrate glass, and when water is used as the liquid heat carrier 41, it can penetrate the water to a depth of more than 10 cm, which is beneficial for heat absorption by the heat carrier.

[0053] Reference Figure 4 As an optional technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of partitions 13 are fixedly connected between the bottom plate 11 and the glass plate 12. The plurality of partitions 13 are arranged in parallel vertically to divide the internal space formed by the bottom plate 11 and the glass plate 12 into a plurality of side-by-side channels. The cross-section of the channel is approximately rectangular, and the upper and lower ends of the channel are respectively connected to the corresponding ports of the heat exchange device 3.

[0054] By providing the partition 13, the internal space of the liquid-cooled wall 1 is divided into a plurality of vertical channels, which reduces the horizontal convection of the heat carrier and forces the heat carrier to move vertically to achieve circulation, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0055] Optionally, the bottom plate 11 and the partition plate 13 are both made of metal, and stainless steel is selected in this application. Using metal materials such as stainless steel can improve the overall strength and rigidity of the entire liquid cooling wall 1, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the liquid cooling wall 1.

[0056] Reference Figure 1The present application also discloses a reactor comprising a chamber 100, a pressure vessel 200, and a cooling system as described in any of the above embodiments. The pressure vessel 200 is located within the chamber 100, and a core structure is disposed within the pressure vessel 200. A thermal radiation coating 2 is disposed on the outer surface of the pressure vessel 200, and a liquid-cooled wall 1 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the chamber 100, with a glass plate 12 facing the thermal radiation coating 2. The thermal radiation coating 2 converts heat from the wall of the pressure vessel 200 into short-wavelength infrared radiation, which is directly transferred to the heat carrier through the glass plate 12, thereby achieving a heat exchange process.

[0057] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the technical solutions and core concepts of the present application. Therefore, changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the concepts of the present application, the specific implementation methods, and the scope of application of the present application, all fall within the scope of protection of the present application. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A reactor compartment cooling system, characterized in that: include: a liquid-cooled wall, arranged to surround the reactor core, the liquid-cooled wall comprising a bottom plate and a glass plate, a space for accommodating a heat-carrying medium being formed between the glass plate and the bottom plate, the glass plate being located on the inner side of the bottom plate; a heat radiation coating, arranged on the outer surface of the reactor pressure vessel, to convert heat from the pressure vessel wall into short-wavelength infrared heat radiation, so that the short-wavelength infrared heat radiation is radiated through the glass plate to the heat carrier medium; a heat exchange device, one end of which is connected to the top of the liquid-cooled wall and the other end of which is connected to the bottom of the liquid-cooled wall; The heat carrier medium includes a liquid heat carrier and phase change particles, and the phase change particles are mixed in the liquid heat carrier; The liquid-cooled wall further includes a plurality of partitions connected between the bottom plate and the glass plate. The partitions are arranged in parallel to divide the space containing the heat carrier into a plurality of parallel channels. Both ends of the channels are respectively connected to the heat exchange device.

2. The cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom plate and the partition plate are both made of metal.

3. The cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that The liquid heat carrier is water.

4. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: The wavelength range of the short-wavelength infrared thermal radiation is 0.9-1.5 μm.

5. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: There are multiple heat exchange devices, and the multiple heat exchange devices are respectively connected to the liquid cooling wall.

6. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid cooling wall is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the reactor compartment.

7. The cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The heat exchange device is an air cooling tower.

8. A reactor, characterized in that: include: cabin; A pressure vessel is disposed in the cabin, and a core structure is disposed inside the pressure vessel; The cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thermal radiation coating is arranged on the outer surface of the pressure vessel, the liquid-cooled wall is arranged on the inner wall of the chamber, and the glass plate faces the thermal radiation coating.

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