Method and equipment for identifying strike-slip faults in complex structural areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas. The method comprises: obtaining multiple horizons; obtaining a fault distribution map for each horizon respectively; determining the strike-slip fault and its fault number, fault coordinate data, and azimuth parameters in each horizon based on the fault distribution map of the multiple horizons; and obtaining a strike-slip fault distribution map and a compression fault distribution map for each horizon based on the fault distribution map of the horizon and the fault number and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the horizon. The present invention utilizes seismic data to identify strike-slip faults based on the morphological differences of different types of faults in plane and section, and then extracts and strips them to obtain strike-slip fault distribution maps and compression fault distribution maps. The method employs a layered comparison and layer-by-layer stripping identification method, resulting in high fault identification accuracy. Good results have been achieved in the application of actual data, fault control target scale evaluation, and well site selection, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration and relates to a strike-slip fault identification method and electronic equipment in a complex structural area. Background Art

[0002] Exploration practice has confirmed that different types of faults have significant differences in their control over oil and gas accumulation, and that the extent of fault plane extension controls the scale of oil and gas accumulation. Domestically, different fault types are identified and classified based on the longitudinal movement direction of the two fault plates, the distance of planar movement, and the characteristics of stratum deformation. Combined with 3D seismic data, coherent attributes are extracted from the main target strata to conduct fault plane combination and classification. However, the eastern Sichuan Basin is subject to multiple periods and multiple stresses, and the tectonic stress has multidirectional characteristics, forming the current fault superposition zone. Faults are vertically superimposed and fault planes intersect each other. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct fault classification and identification to clarify the extension and distribution characteristics of different types of fault planes.

[0003] The eastern Sichuan Basin has three sets of detachment layers: the Leikoupo-Jialingjiang Formation gypsum-salt layer, the Silurian mudstone, and the Cambrian gypsum-salt layer. The Silurian sandstone and Cambrian gypsum-salt layers are the primary detachment layers. The strata separated by these two major detachment layers exhibit distinct tectonic deformation, resulting in their division into upper, middle, and lower tectonic deformation layers. Deformation of compressional layers after the Late Yanshanian shaped the present-day tectonic framework, with fault-related high-steep structures controlling oil and gas adjustments and preservation. Before the Late Yanshanian, tectonic activity formed basement strike-slip faults, controlling reservoir development and oil and gas migration. Consequently, multiple faults intersected each other in the eastern Sichuan Basin, forming a complex fault superposition zone.

[0004] The research and analysis show that the domestic research on the eastern part of Sichuan Basin is mainly based on surface and seismic data to analyze the characteristics of compressional structures since the Late Yanshanian period, but there are few studies on the detailed identification and sorting of faults. At the same time, the identification and analysis of faults before the Late Yanshanian period are insufficient, and the distribution characteristics of faults in different periods are unclear.

[0005] Therefore, a method is particularly needed to achieve precise identification of faults in complex tectonic areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method to achieve fine identification of faults in complex structural areas.

[0007] The present invention provides a strike-slip fault identification method in a complex tectonic area, comprising: acquiring multiple horizons based on seismic data; respectively obtaining a fault distribution map for each horizon; determining the strike-slip fault and its fault number, fault coordinate data, and azimuth parameter in each horizon based on the fault distribution map of the multiple horizons; and obtaining a strike-slip fault distribution map and a compression fault distribution map for each horizon based on the fault distribution map of the horizon and the fault number, fault coordinate data, and azimuth parameter of the strike-slip fault in the horizon.

[0008] Optionally, obtaining multiple layers based on seismic data includes: identifying the geology of the target area based on the structural geological background, and when the identified geological development includes a gypsum layer or a mud shale layer, determining the main slip layer of the target area based on the seismic data and the slip deformation characteristics of the gypsum layer and the mud shale layer and the fault penetrating the layer, and dividing the structural layers with the main slip layer as the boundary; determining multiple layers based on the number of the structural layers; when the identified geological development does not include a gypsum layer or a mud shale layer, dividing the stratum into three layers from shallow to deep based on the seismic data.

[0009] Optionally, determining multiple layers based on the number of structural layers includes: when the number of structural layers is greater than a layer threshold, obtaining a marker reflection interface of each structural layer; within each structural layer, obtaining a layer based on the marker reflection interface of the structural layer; when the number of structural layers is less than or equal to the layer threshold, determining three layers in the stratum in order from shallow to deep based on seismic data.

[0010] Optionally, the following steps are used to obtain a fracture distribution map of a layer: applying a dip-guided filter to the seismic data, extracting a coherent attribute plane map of the layer from the filtered seismic data; and drawing a fracture distribution map of the layer based on the coherent attribute plane map of the layer in combination with the fracture morphological characteristics.

[0011] Optionally, the fracture distribution map contains fracture numbers, fracture coordinate data and azimuth parameters.

[0012] Optionally, the determination of the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer based on the fault distribution map of multiple layers includes: obtaining a fault superposition map based on the fault distribution map of each two adjacent layers; comparing multiple fault superposition maps to obtain the overlap of the faults on the plane, determining the strike-slip fault based on the overlap of the faults on the plane, combined with the morphological differences between the compression fault and the strike-slip fault in the plane and the section, and separately counting the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer.

[0013] Optionally, the fault distribution map of the lower layer of the two adjacent layers is used as a base map, and the fault distribution map of the upper layer of the two adjacent layers is superimposed to obtain a fault superimposition map.

[0014] Optionally, the following steps are used to obtain the strike-slip fault distribution map and the compression fault distribution map of the layer: based on the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the layer, the strike-slip fault graph is extracted from the fault distribution map of the layer, the extracted graph is used as the strike-slip fault distribution map of the layer, and the remaining part of the fault distribution map of the layer is used as the compression fault distribution map of the layer.

[0015] Optionally, the morphology of the strike-slip fault on the plane is manifested as the degree of overlap of the fault on the plane is less than a first threshold value of overlap; the morphology of the compression fault on the plane is manifested as the degree of overlap of the fault on the plane is greater than a second threshold value of overlap; the morphology of the strike-slip fault on the cross-section is manifested as the angle of the fracture surface in the longitudinal direction is greater than a first threshold value of angle; the morphology of the compression fault on the cross-section is manifested as the angle of the fracture surface in the longitudinal direction is less than a second threshold value of angle.

[0016] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory storing executable instructions; and a processor, wherein the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned strike-slip fault identification method in a complex structural area.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention lie in: The present method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas primarily utilizes seismic data based on the morphological differences of different fault types in plan and section to identify strike-slip faults. This method then extracts and strips the faults to obtain strike-slip and compressional fault distribution maps. This method, employing a layered comparison and layer-by-layer stripping approach, achieves high fault identification accuracy, achieving excellent results in the application of real-world data, fault-control target scale assessment, and well site selection, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

[0018] The present invention has other features and advantages that will be apparent from or will be described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following specific examples incorporated herein, which together serve to explain the specific principles of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1A flow chart of a method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex tectonic area according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0021] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex tectonic region according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, taking the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin as an example.

[0022] Figure 3 A structural layering diagram of the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin shows a method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex structural area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 A high-precision coherence map of the standard reflection interface in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown, illustrating a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 The distribution pattern of the No. 1 fault at different layers in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown according to a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 A superimposed diagram of the third and second layer No. 1 fault in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin according to a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 7 A superimposed diagram of the second layer and the first layer No. 1 fault in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin, illustrating a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 A distribution map of strike-slip fault No. 2 in different layers of the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown, illustrating a strike-slip fault identification method in a complex tectonic area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 A distribution map of the No. 3 compression fault in different layers of the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown, which illustrates a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0030] The present invention provides a strike-slip fault identification method in a complex tectonic area, comprising: acquiring multiple horizons based on seismic data; respectively obtaining a fault distribution map for each horizon; determining the strike-slip fault and its fault number, fault coordinate data, and azimuth parameter in each horizon based on the fault distribution map of the multiple horizons; and obtaining a strike-slip fault distribution map and a compression fault distribution map for each horizon based on the fault distribution map of the horizon and the fault number, fault coordinate data, and azimuth parameter of the strike-slip fault in the horizon.

[0031] Specifically, the layer is first determined according to the seismic data, and then the fault distribution map of each layer is obtained respectively. The fault distribution maps of every two adjacent layers are superimposed to obtain a fault superposition map. Multiple fault superposition maps are compared to obtain the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth data of the strike-slip fault in each layer. For each layer, the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth data of the strike-slip fault in the layer are extracted from the fault distribution map. The strike-slip fault distribution map of the layer is generated according to the extracted information, and the remaining figures in the fault distribution map are used as the compression fault distribution map of the layer.

[0032] According to an exemplary embodiment, the strike-slip fault identification method in complex tectonic areas mainly uses seismic data to identify strike-slip faults based on the morphological differences of different types of faults in plane and section, and then extracts and strips them to obtain strike-slip fault distribution maps and compression fault distribution maps. The identification method adopts layered comparison and layer-by-layer stripping, and the fault identification accuracy is high. Good results have been achieved in the application of actual data, evaluation of fault control target scale and well site selection, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

[0033] As an optional option, obtaining multiple layers based on seismic data includes: identifying the geology of the target area based on the structural geological background; when the identified geological development includes gypsum layers or mud shale layers, determining the main slip layer of the target area based on the seismic data and the slip deformation characteristics of the gypsum layers and mud shale layers and the fault penetrating the layers, and dividing the structural layers with the main slip layer as the boundary; determining multiple layers based on the number of structural layers; when the identified geological development does not include gypsum layers or mud shale layers, determining three layers in the stratum from shallow to deep based on the seismic data.

[0034] As an optional solution, determining multiple layers based on the number of structural layers includes: when the number of structural layers is greater than the layer threshold, obtaining the marker reflection interface of each structural layer; within each structural layer, obtaining a layer based on the marker reflection interface of the structural layer; when the number of structural layers is less than or equal to the layer threshold, determining three layers in the stratum from shallow to deep based on seismic data.

[0035] Specifically, prepare seismic data and structural geological background for complex compressional structures, identify the geology of the target area, and when the geology consists of gypsum and shale layers, utilize the longitudinal stratified detachment deformation characteristics of the caprock in compressional structures. Based on the detachment deformation characteristics of the gypsum and shale layers and the locations of faults penetrating the layers, identify the regionally distributed major detachment layers and divide the structural layers vertically based on the detachment layers. When the number of structural layers is greater than three, identify a horizon within each layer, select a continuously identifiable and traceable marker reflection interface, and obtain a horizon within each layer based on the continuously identifiable and traceable marker reflection interface. When there are fewer than or equal to three structural layers or the identified geology is not gypsum and shale layers, use seismic data to sort the geological layers from shallow to deep into the first, second, and third horizons, respectively.

[0036] As an optional solution, the following steps are used to obtain the fracture distribution map of the layer: apply dip-guided filtering to the seismic data, extract the coherence attribute plane map of the layer from the filtered seismic data; combine the fracture morphological characteristics on the coherence attribute plane map of the layer to draw the fracture distribution map of the layer.

[0037] Specifically, a coherent attribute plane map of each layer is extracted from the seismic data after applying the dip-guided filter, and the faults are combined on each coherent attribute plane map, and a crack distribution map of each layer is generated. The faults in the fault distribution maps of different layers are marked with different colors.

[0038] As an optional solution, the fracture distribution map contains fracture numbers, fracture coordinate data and azimuth parameters.

[0039] Specifically, the fault distribution map contains fault numbers, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters, and the coordinate system of all layer fault distribution maps must be consistent.

[0040] As an optional scheme, based on the fault distribution maps of multiple layers, determining the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer includes: obtaining a fault superposition map based on the fault distribution maps of every two adjacent layers; comparing multiple fault superposition maps to obtain the coincidence of the faults on the plane, determining the strike-slip fault based on the coincidence of the faults on the plane, combined with the morphological differences between the compression fault and the strike-slip fault in the plane and the section, and separately counting the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer.

[0041] Specifically, the degree of planar overlap of all faults in the fault overlap maps was compared. Based on this degree of planar overlap and the morphological differences between compressional and strike-slip faults in both plane and cross-section, the strike-slip fault numbers, coordinate data, and azimuth parameters were calculated for each layer. Based on the common planar characteristics of different strike-slip fault morphologies, the faults in different layers vertically generally overlap or extend along the main fault.

[0042] As an optional solution, the fault distribution map of the lower layer among the two adjacent layers is used as the base map, and the fault distribution map of the upper layer among the two adjacent layers is superimposed to obtain a fault superimposition map.

[0043] Specifically, the fault distribution maps of each two adjacent layers are superimposed to obtain a fault superposition map, and the fault map of the lower layer is used as the base map, and the fault map of the upper layer is superimposed to obtain a fault superposition map.

[0044] As an optional scheme, the following steps are used to obtain the strike-slip fault distribution map and the compression fault distribution map of the layer: based on the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the layer, the strike-slip fault graph is extracted from the fault distribution map of the layer, the extracted graph is used as the strike-slip fault distribution map of the layer, and the remaining part of the fault distribution map of the layer is used as the compression fault distribution map of the layer.

[0045] Specifically, for a horizon, the fault numbers and azimuth ranges of the statistical strike-slip faults in the fault distribution map for that horizon are extracted. The extracted parts are numbered to form the strike-slip fault distribution map for that horizon. The remaining fault distribution maps are then numbered to obtain the compression fault distribution map for that horizon. The same method is used to obtain the strike-slip fault distribution map and compression fault distribution map for each horizon.

[0046] As an optional option, the morphology of the strike-slip fault on the plane is manifested as the overlap of the fault on the plane is less than the first threshold of the overlap; the morphology of the compression fault on the plane is manifested as the overlap of the fault on the plane is greater than the second threshold of the overlap; the morphology of the strike-slip fault on the cross-section is manifested as the fracture surface angle in the longitudinal direction is greater than the first threshold of the angle; the morphology of the compression fault on the cross-section is manifested as the fracture surface angle in the longitudinal direction is less than the second threshold of the angle.

[0047] Specifically, strike-slip faults and compressional faults have different morphologies in plan view and in cross section. This difference in morphology is used to distinguish strike-slip faults from compressional faults.

[0048] The present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; and a processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex structural areas.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex tectonic area according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex tectonic region according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, taking the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin as an example. Figure 3 A structural layering diagram of the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin shows a method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex structural area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A high-precision coherence map of the standard reflection interface in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown, illustrating a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 The distribution pattern of the No. 1 fault at different layers in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown according to a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 A superimposed diagram of the third and second layer No. 1 fault in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin according to a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7 A superimposed diagram of the second layer and the first layer No. 1 fault in the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin, illustrating a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 A distribution map of strike-slip fault No. 2 in different layers of the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown, illustrating a strike-slip fault identification method in a complex tectonic area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 A distribution map of the No. 3 compression fault in different layers of the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is shown, which illustrates a method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown in Figure 2, the strike-slip fault identification method in this complex tectonic area includes:

[0052] Step 1: Obtain multiple layers based on seismic data;

[0053] Among them, obtaining multiple layers based on seismic data includes: identifying the geology of the target area based on the structural geological background, when the identified geological development includes gypsum layers or mud shale layers, based on the seismic data, according to the slip deformation characteristics of the gypsum layers and mud shale layers and the fault penetrating layers, determining the main slip layer of the target area, and dividing the structural layers with the main slip layer as the boundary; determining multiple layers based on the number of structural layers; when the identified geology does not include the development of gypsum layers or mud shale layers, based on the seismic data, determining three layers in the stratum from shallow to deep.

[0054] Among them, determining multiple layers according to the number of structural layers includes: when the number of structural layers is greater than the layer threshold, obtaining the marker reflection interface of each structural layer; within each structural layer, obtaining a layer based on the marker reflection interface of the structural layer; when the number of structural layers is less than or equal to the layer threshold, determining three layers in the stratum from shallow to deep based on seismic data.

[0055] Step 2: Obtain the fault distribution map of each layer;

[0056] The following steps are used to obtain the fracture distribution map of the layer: applying dip-guided filtering to the seismic data, extracting the coherent attribute plane map of the layer from the filtered seismic data; combining the fracture morphological characteristics on the coherent attribute plane map of the layer, and drawing the fracture distribution map of the layer.

[0057] Among them, the fracture distribution map contains fracture numbers, fracture coordinate data and azimuth parameters.

[0058] Step 3: Based on the fault distribution maps of multiple layers, determine the strike-slip fault and its fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters in each layer;

[0059] Step 4: For each layer, based on the fault distribution map of the layer and the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the layer, obtain the strike-slip fault distribution map and compression fault distribution map of the layer.

[0060] Among them, based on the fault distribution maps of multiple layers, determining the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer includes: obtaining a fault superposition map based on the fault distribution maps of every two adjacent layers; comparing multiple fault superposition maps to obtain the coincidence of the faults on the plane, based on the coincidence of the faults on the plane, combined with the morphological differences between the compression fault and the strike-slip fault in the plane and the section, determining the strike-slip fault, and respectively counting the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer.

[0061] Among them, the fault distribution map of the lower layer among the two adjacent layers is used as the base map, and the fault distribution map of the upper layer among the two adjacent layers is superimposed to obtain the fault superimposition map.

[0062] Among them, the following steps are adopted to obtain the strike-slip fault distribution map and the compression fault distribution map of the layer: based on the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the layer, the strike-slip fault graph is extracted from the fault distribution map of the layer, the extracted graph is used as the strike-slip fault distribution map of the layer, and the remaining part of the fault distribution map of the layer is used as the compression fault distribution map of the layer.

[0063] Among them, the morphology of the strike-slip fault on the plane is manifested as the overlap of the fault on the plane is less than the first threshold of the overlap; the morphology of the compression fault on the plane is manifested as the overlap of the fault on the plane is greater than the second threshold of the overlap; the morphology of the strike-slip fault on the cross-section is manifested as the fracture surface angle of the fault in the longitudinal direction is greater than the first threshold of the angle; the morphology of the compression fault on the cross-section is manifested as the fracture surface angle of the fault in the longitudinal direction is less than the second threshold of the angle.

[0064] Taking the Lizi area in the eastern part of Sichuan Basin as an example, fault identification is carried out. Figure 2 shown.

[0065] ①Prepare structural geological data and seismic data;

[0066] ② Based on the data analysis in step 1, construct layers and select the marker reflection interface to obtain the horizon, and extract the high-precision coherent attribute plane map of each horizon;

[0067] ③ Based on the coherent attribute plane maps of different layers in step 2, the faults are combined to compile the No. 1 fault distribution maps of different layers, and the fault numbers and azimuth parameters in the No. 1 fault distribution maps of different layers are obtained;

[0068] ④ The fault distribution map of No. 1 in the third layer is superimposed on the fault distribution map of No. 1 in the second layer, and the fault distribution map of No. 1 in the second layer is superimposed on the fault distribution map of No. 1 in the first layer. The two fault superimposition maps are compared to obtain the azimuth range and fault number of the strike-slip fault in the superimposed fault maps, and determine the azimuth range and fault number of the strike-slip fault in each layer;

[0069] ⑤ Based on the strike-slip fault numbers and azimuth ranges of different layers obtained in step ④, a new distribution map of strike-slip fault No. 2 in different layers is compiled;

[0070] ⑥ The new distribution map of No. 3 compression faults in different layers was compiled by stripping the faults in the No. 1 fault distribution map in different layers.

[0071] Figure 3The cross-section reveals that the Lizi area in the eastern Sichuan Basin is primarily composed of Silurian sandstone and Cambrian gypsum-salt layers, characterized by plastic thickening of the detachment layers and differential deformation of the vertical stratigraphic layers. The two main detachment layers serve as the boundaries for the three structural layers: upper, middle, and lower. The cross-section also reveals vertically separated compressional faults, but with localized vertical superposition. Strike-slip faults run vertically through the layers, with upward-branching flower-shaped faults developing.

[0072] In order to conduct layered comparison and sort out different types of faults, it is necessary to select the TP2, TS and T∈1 standard reflection interfaces that can be continuously compared and tracked in each structural layer to extract coherent attributes. The layers are named from shallow to deep as the first layer (TP2), the second layer (TS) and the third layer (T∈1). In the three-dimensional data area, it is necessary to apply the dip-guided filter to improve the accuracy of fault imaging, and then extract high-precision coherent attribute plane maps of the three layers TP2, TS and T∈1, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0073] Combining the coherent attributes of the three layers TP2, TS and T∈1 and the morphological characteristics of different types of faults, the fracture plane combination is carried out for the three layers respectively, and the fracture distribution map of the three layers is compiled to form the No. 1 fracture distribution map, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, faults in different layers are marked with different colors, and the fault numbers and corresponding azimuth data are obtained at the same time.

[0074] Take the fault distribution map of the third layer T∈1 layer No. 1 as the base map, and superimpose the fault distribution map of the second layer TS1, as shown in the following figure: Figure 6 Taking the No. 1 fault distribution map of the second layer TS as the base map, the No. 1 fault distribution map of the first layer TP2 is superimposed, as shown in the figure below. Figure 7 The distribution map of fault No. 1 shown here compares the coincidence relationship of faults in different layers, combines the differences in the cross-sectional morphology of compression faults and strike-slip faults, and statistically calculates the fault numbers and azimuth parameters of strike-slip faults in three layers.

[0075] Strike-slip faults generally have upright, "Y"-shaped and flower-shaped forms. When the upright and "Y"-shaped strike-slip faults pass through the layer, the faults are basically overlapped when they are superimposed on the fault distribution map. When the upright section of the strike-slip fault with flower-shaped structure passes through the layer, the faults are basically overlapped when they are superimposed on the fault distribution map. Figure 6 Section 2, the fault distribution pattern of the upper flower-shaped branch segment through the horizon may extend in a feather-like or en echelon manner along the underlying fault.

[0076] The compression fracture generally has a shovel-like shape and has the characteristics of layered slippage and upper and lower separation, such as Figure 6 Section 1: When judging the overlap relationship of fractures, the typical morphology of compression fractures can be used for differentiation.

[0077] Under special conditions, a few faults may have longitudinal morphologies that suggest strike-slip fault characteristics. However, after the three reflection interfaces TP2, TS, and T∈1 merge, the faults intersect each other, with inconsistent distribution directions and no obvious correlation. Therefore, these faults are accommodative compression faults developed in a certain structural layer during the late compression process. These faults should not be counted as strike-slip faults.

[0078] The strike-slip fault numbers and azimuth ranges of the strike-slip faults in the No. 1 fault distribution maps of the three layers TP2, TS, and T∈1 are used to extract the stripping. The extracted strike-slip faults are newly compiled into the strike-slip fault distribution map No. 2 of the first layer (TP2), the strike-slip fault distribution map No. 2 of the second layer (TS), and the strike-slip fault distribution map No. 2 of the third layer (T∈1), as shown in Figure 1. Figure 8 As shown;

[0079] After the strike-slip faults are stripped off in the No. 1 fault distribution map, they are compiled into the No. 3 compression fault distribution map of the first layer (TP2), the No. 3 compression fault distribution map of the second layer (TS), and the No. 3 compression fault distribution map of the third layer (T∈1), as shown in the following example: Figure 9 shown.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] The present disclosure provides an electronic device comprising: a memory storing executable instructions; and a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex structural areas.

[0082] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.

[0083] The memory is used to store non-transitory computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0084] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing capability and / or instruction execution capability, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to execute the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0085] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is intended to be illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas, characterized by: include: Based on seismic data, multiple horizons are obtained; Obtain the fault distribution map of each layer respectively; Based on the fault distribution map of multiple layers, the strike-slip faults and their fault numbers, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters in each layer are determined; For each layer, based on the fault distribution map of the layer and the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the layer, a strike-slip fault distribution map and a compression fault distribution map of the layer are obtained; Wherein, the determination of the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in each layer based on the fault distribution map of multiple layers includes: Based on the fault distribution map of every two adjacent layers, a fault superposition map is obtained; Compare multiple fault superposition maps to obtain the coincidence of faults in the plane. Based on the coincidence of the faults in the plane and the morphological differences between compression faults and strike-slip faults in the plane and in the section, identify the strike-slip faults, and count the fault numbers, fault coordinate data, and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip faults in each layer. wherein, the fault distribution map of the lower layer of the two adjacent layers is used as a base map, and the fault distribution map of the upper layer of the two adjacent layers is superimposed to obtain a fault superimposition map; The morphology of the strike-slip fault on the plane is that the overlap of the fault on the plane is less than the first overlap threshold; the morphology of the compression fault on the plane is that the overlap of the fault on the plane is greater than the second overlap threshold; The cross-sectional morphology of the strike-slip fault is that the fracture surface angle in the longitudinal direction is greater than the first angle threshold; the cross-sectional morphology of the compression fault is that the fracture surface angle in the longitudinal direction is less than the second angle threshold.

2. The method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining multiple horizons based on seismic data includes: Identify the geology of the target area based on the structural geological background; When the identified geological development includes gypsum layers or mud shale layers, based on the seismic data, according to the slip deformation characteristics of the gypsum layers and mud shale layers and the fault penetration layer, the main slip layer of the target area is determined, and the structural layers are divided based on the main slip layer; based on the number of the structural layers, multiple layers are determined; When the identified geological development does not include gypsum or shale layers, three horizons are identified in order from shallow to deep in the formation based on seismic data.

3. The method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining a plurality of horizons according to the number of the structural layers includes: When the number of structural layers is greater than the layer threshold, a marker reflection interface of each structural layer is obtained; within each structural layer, a layer is obtained based on the marker reflection interface of the structural layer; When the number of structural layers is less than or equal to the layer threshold, three layers are determined in sequence from shallow to deep in the stratum.

4. The method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are used to obtain the fracture distribution map of the layer: applying a dip-guided filter to the seismic data, and extracting a coherent attribute plan of the horizon from the filtered seismic data; The fracture distribution map of the layer is drawn based on the coherent attribute plane map of the layer in combination with the fracture morphological characteristics.

5. The method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fracture distribution map contains fracture numbers, fracture coordinate data and azimuth parameters.

6. The method for identifying strike-slip faults in complex tectonic areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strike-slip fault distribution map and compression fault distribution map of the layer are obtained by the following steps: Based on the fault number, fault coordinate data and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fault in the layer, the graph of the strike-slip fault is extracted from the fault distribution map of the layer, the extracted graph is used as the strike-slip fault distribution map of the layer, and the remaining part of the fault distribution map of the layer is used as the compression fault distribution map of the layer.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: a memory storing executable instructions; A processor, wherein the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for identifying strike-slip faults in a complex tectonic area according to claims 1-6.

Images