Welding tool for reducing deformation of ship hatch coaming and anti-deformation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a welding fixture and anti-deformation method for reducing deformation of a ship's hatch coaming. The welding fixture includes a welded anti-deformation monitoring bridge composed of four anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies. Each of the anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies includes a pair of supports and a tension and pressure sensor connected between the supports. The four anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies are positioned at the four corners of the ship's hatch coaming. The ends of the pairs of supports on the anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies are spot-welded to the vertical coaming of the ship's hatch coaming. The tension and pressure sensors on each of the anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies are respectively connected to an MCU controller. The present invention improves the manufacturing quality of the hatch coaming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shipbuilding, and in particular to a welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming and an anti-deformation method. Background Art

[0002] A hatch coaming is a structure located between a ship's main deck and hatch cover, commonly used on container ships and bulk carriers. A key aspect of hatch coaming manufacturing is the strict control of the overall straightness of the coaming's top plate. Poor top plate straightness can compromise the watertightness between the hatch cover and the coaming, leading to leaks. Furthermore, the shape and dimensions of the hatch coaming's opening are subject to design tolerances. Deformation during assembly and welding during the hatch coaming manufacturing process is the primary factor affecting top plate straightness and the coaming's shape and dimensional errors. To ensure top plate straightness is maintained, wire drawing is typically used throughout the coaming's manufacturing stages, including segmented production and final assembly and welding. To control shape and dimensional errors, support ribs are typically spot-welded at the coaming's corners for reinforcement.

[0003] However, due to the uneven stress generated in the hatch coaming after welding, once the welds have cooled and the support ribs are removed, the welding stress will be redistributed, causing deformation of the hatch coaming. In severe cases, this can exceed the design tolerances for the coaming's shape and dimensions. Furthermore, since the hatch coaming has already been welded, subsequent reshaping becomes extremely difficult, thus reducing the manufacturing quality of the hatch coaming. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above-mentioned issues, the present invention proposes a welding tool and anti-deformation method for reducing deformation of the hatch coaming of a ship, aiming to improve the manufacturing quality of the hatch coaming. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship's hatch coaming, comprising a welded anti-deformation monitoring bridge composed of four anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies, each of which comprises a pair of supports and a tension and pressure sensor connected between the pair of supports. The four anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies are disposed at the four corners of the ship's hatch coaming, the ends of a pair of supports on the anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies are spot-welded to the vertical coaming of the ship's hatch coaming, and the tension and pressure sensors on each of the anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assemblies are respectively connected to an MCU controller.

[0006] Preferably, the support body is formed by assembling and docking a fixed support rod and a replaceable support block, one end of the fixed support rod is connected to the tension and pressure sensor, and the other end of the fixed support rod is connected to the replaceable support block.

[0007] Preferably, both ends of the tension and pressure sensor are provided with connecting flanges, and both ends of the fixed support rod are provided with connecting flanges, and the tension and pressure sensor is assembled and connected through the connecting flanges and connecting bolts.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer circle of the connecting flange on the tension and pressure sensor is larger than the outer circle of the connecting flange on the fixed support rod, and a limit protector for preventing the tension and pressure sensor from being subjected to excessive force is also provided on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly. The limit protector includes a pair of Huff-type clamp shells, and the inner hole of one end of the Huff-type clamp shell is provided with an annular positioning groove, and the inner hole of the other end is provided with an annular limiting groove. The annular positioning groove and the annular limiting groove of the Huff-type clamp shell are respectively arranged on the connecting flanges at both ends of the tension and pressure sensor, and the annular positioning groove of the Huff-type clamp shell and the connecting flange of the tension and pressure sensor are transition-fitted, and the annular limiting groove of the Huff-type clamp shell and the connecting flange of the tension and pressure sensor are clearance-fitted.

[0009] Preferably, the gaps between the annular limiting groove and both end surfaces of the connecting flange are equal.

[0010] In the present invention, the pair of half-type clamping shells are fixed to each other by half-connecting screws.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, four infrared ranging sensors are installed and fixed on the inner hole wall of the half-type chuck, and the four infrared ranging sensors are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. The ranging direction of the infrared ranging sensor points vertically to the connecting flange end face of the tension and pressure sensor that is gap-matched with the annular limit groove, and the infrared ranging sensor is connected to the MCU controller.

[0012] When the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly is subjected to a large force, the tensile deformation or compressive deformation of the tension and pressure sensor will exceed the normal working limit. At this time, the limit protector can limit the over-limit deformation of the tension and pressure sensor (including tensile over-limit and compressive over-limit), thereby ensuring the working accuracy of the tension and pressure sensor.

[0013] The over-extension and over-compression of the above-mentioned tension and pressure sensors can be monitored by the infrared ranging sensor, and the MCU controller can issue an alarm.

[0014] By installing four infrared ranging sensors on the inner wall of the half-shell, the aforementioned system can also monitor the direction of deformation during hatch coaming welding. For example, a significant difference in readings between two infrared ranging sensors located vertically on a given anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assembly indicates vertical tilting between adjacent vertical panels of the hatch coaming at that location. Another example is a significant difference in readings between two infrared ranging sensors located horizontally on a given anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assembly, indicating a change in the angle between adjacent vertical panels of the hatch coaming at that location. This facilitates welding operators to take appropriate corrective measures to counteract welding deformation based on the specific deformation situation.

[0015] As one of the preferred solutions of the connection structure between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod in the present invention, the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod are connected by threaded fitting.

[0016] As a second preferred solution of the connection structure between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod in the present invention, the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod are connected by bolt fastening.

[0017] Preferably, when the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod are fastened by bolts, pins are also used for positioning.

[0018] Preferably, when the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod are connected by a threaded connection, a threaded connection shaft is provided on the replaceable support block, and a threaded connection hole is provided on the fixed support rod, and the threaded connection shaft and the threaded connection hole are threadedly connected to each other.

[0019] Preferably, when the connection between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod adopts a threaded fitting connection, the threaded fitting connection at both ends of the same anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly is also set to have opposite thread rotation directions. In this way, after the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly is spot welded between adjacent vertical panels, the initial data of the tension and pressure sensor can be adjusted to zero by rotating the rod body in the middle part of the support assembly.

[0020] As a third preferred solution of the connection structure between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod in the present invention, the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod are connected by a hinge shaft.

[0021] Preferably, a mounting groove is provided on one end of the fixed support rod connected to the replaceable support block, one end of the replaceable support block is inserted into the mounting groove and is rotatably connected through a hinge shaft connected between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod.

[0022] In the present invention, a sensor wiring hole is provided on the Hough-type clamping shell.

[0023] In the present invention, one end of the replaceable support block for connecting with the vertical coaming of the ship's hatch coaming is cut into a 45-degree slope to be suitable for supporting and connecting at the corner of the ship's hatch coaming.

[0024] A method for preventing deformation of a welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming comprises the following steps:

[0025] (1) Installation of tooling: Four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies are respectively installed at the four corners of the ship's hatch coaming. The replaceable support blocks on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies are fixed to the vertical coaming by multiple spot welding;

[0026] (2) Hatch coaming welding: Hatch coaming welding is performed by welding operators;

[0027] (3) Welding stress and deformation monitoring: During the welding process, the MCU controller dynamically monitors the welding stress and deformation of the hatch coaming in real time through the tension and pressure sensors on the four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support components. When the positions of adjacent vertical coamings on the hatch coaming are relatively displaced or deformed due to welding, the tension and pressure data measured by the tension and pressure sensors will change. The MCU controller simultaneously obtains the tension and pressure data of the four tension and pressure sensors and calculates the average value of the tension and pressure data. It also compares the tension and pressure data of each tension and pressure sensor with the average value to obtain the tension and pressure data difference. When the tension and pressure data difference exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the welding stress is uneven during the welding process. The MCU controller issues an alarm and displays the tension and pressure data and the tension and pressure data difference of each tension and pressure sensor on the display screen to remind the welding operator to take corrective measures against welding deformation.

[0028] (4) Welding anti-deformation correction: The welding operator checks the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor according to the alarm information issued by the MCU controller, and then takes welding anti-deformation correction measures to make the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor tend to be consistent.

[0029] Among them, the welding anti-deformation correction measures include using two or more people for symmetrical welding, mechanical forced shaping, welding heat correction, etc.

[0030] As a further improvement, in the welding stress and deformation monitoring of step (3), the MCU controller also monitors the welding deformation direction of the hatch coaming through four infrared ranging sensors on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly; in the welding anti-deformation correction of step (4), the welding operator takes corresponding welding anti-deformation correction measures according to the welding deformation direction of the hatch coaming.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] First, the present invention provides a welding tool and anti-deformation method for reducing deformation of the hatch coaming of a ship. The welding anti-deformation monitoring bridge is composed of four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support components. The bridge can dynamically monitor the relative displacement or deformation between the vertical coamings of the ship hatch coaming in real time during the welding process. When the stress data of the four tensile and pressure sensors are found to be significantly different (exceeding a preset threshold), the MCU controller issues an alarm and displays the measurement data on the display screen, thereby facilitating the welding operators to take appropriate anti-deformation measures in a timely manner, thereby improving the manufacturing accuracy of the hatch coaming of the ship.

[0033] Second, the present invention provides a welding tool and an anti-deformation method for reducing the deformation of the hatch enclosure of a ship. The anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly is provided with a limit protector for preventing the tension and pressure sensor from being subjected to excessive force, which can prevent the tension and pressure sensor from operating under overload, thereby ensuring the working accuracy of the tension and pressure sensor and extending the service life of the tension and pressure sensor.

[0034] Third, the present invention provides a welding tool and anti-deformation method for reducing deformation of the hatch coaming of a ship. The anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support component can play both an anti-deformation support role and a stress monitoring role. It cooperates with the anti-deformation corrective measures of the welding operator to make the welding stress of the hatch coaming more uniform. This can greatly reduce the deformation after the support component is removed after welding, and improve the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the hatch coaming.

[0035] Fourth, the present invention provides a welding fixture and method for reducing deformation of ship hatch coamings. Four infrared ranging sensors are mounted on the inner wall of a half-type clamp shell to dynamically monitor the direction of hatch coaming weld deformation in real time. This allows welders to take optimized corrective measures based on the direction of hatch coaming weld deformation, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of weld correction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly (the steering is in a horizontal state, and the replaceable support block adopts a threaded connection structure);

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of

[0039] Figure 4 yes Figure 2Schematic diagram of the limit protector structure (left view)

[0040] Figure 5 1. It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the replaceable support blocks are fastened with bolts;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the replaceable support block connected by a hinge shaft.

[0042] In the figure: 1. Hatch coaming, 2. Anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly, 3. Welded anti-deformation monitoring bridge, 4. Support body, 5. Tension and pressure sensor, 6. MCU controller, 7. Fixed support rod, 8. Replaceable support block, 9. Connecting flange, 10. Connecting bolt, 11. Vertical coaming, 12. Limit protector, 13. Hough type clamp shell, 14. Annular positioning groove, 15. Annular limit groove, 16. Hough connecting screw, 17. Infrared ranging sensor, 18. Threaded connection, 19. Bolt fastening connection, 20. Pin, 21. Hinge shaft, 22. Mounting slot, 23. Sensor wiring hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following embodiments are further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] like Figures 1 to 6 The figure shows an embodiment of a welding tool for reducing deformation of the hatch coaming of a ship according to the present invention, comprising a welded anti-deformation monitoring bridge 3 composed of four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2, each of the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2 comprising a pair of support bodies 4 and a tension and pressure sensor 5 connected between the pair of support bodies 4, the four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2 being respectively placed at the four corners of the hatch coaming 1 of the ship, the ends of the pair of support bodies 4 on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2 being spot-welded to the vertical coaming 11 of the hatch coaming 1 of the ship, and the tension and pressure sensors 5 on each of the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2 being respectively connected to an MCU controller 6.

[0046] Preferably, the support body 4 is formed by assembling and docking a fixed support rod 7 and a replaceable support block 8 , one end of the fixed support rod 7 is connected to the tension and pressure sensor 5 , and the other end of the fixed support rod 7 is connected to the replaceable support block 8 .

[0047] Preferably, connecting flanges 9 are provided at both ends of the tension and pressure sensor 5 , and connecting flanges 9 are provided at both ends of the fixed support rod 7 . The tension and pressure sensor 5 is assembled and connected through the connecting flanges 9 and connecting bolts 10 .

[0048] As a further improvement of this embodiment, the outer circle of the connecting flange 9 on the tension and pressure sensor 5 is larger than the outer circle of the connecting flange 9 on the fixed support rod 7, and a limit protector 12 for preventing the tension and pressure sensor 5 from being subjected to excessive force is also provided on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly 2. The limit protector 12 includes a pair of Huff-type clamp shells 13, and the inner hole of one end of the Huff-type clamp shell 13 is provided with an annular positioning groove 14, and the inner hole of the other end is provided with an annular limiting groove 15. The annular positioning groove 14 and the annular limiting groove 15 of the Huff-type clamp shell 13 are respectively arranged on the connecting flanges 9 at both ends of the tension and pressure sensor 5, and the annular positioning groove 14 of the Huff-type clamp shell 13 and the connecting flange 9 of the tension and pressure sensor 5 are transition-fitted, and the annular limiting groove 15 of the Huff-type clamp shell 13 and the connecting flange 9 of the tension and pressure sensor 5 are clearance-fitted.

[0049] Preferably, the gaps between the annular limiting groove 15 and the two end surfaces of the connecting flange 9 are equal.

[0050] In this embodiment, the pair of half-type clamping shells 13 are fixed to each other by half-surface connection screws 16 .

[0051] As a further improvement of this embodiment, four infrared ranging sensors 17 are installed and fixed on the inner hole wall of the half-type clamping shell 13. The four infrared ranging sensors 17 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. The ranging direction of the infrared ranging sensor 17 points vertically to the end face of the connecting flange 9 on the tension and pressure sensor 5 that is clearance-matched with the annular limit groove 15. The infrared ranging sensor 17 is connected to the MCU controller 6.

[0052] When the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly 2 is subjected to a large force, the tensile deformation or compressive deformation of the tension and pressure sensor 5 will exceed the limit of normal operation. At this time, the limit protector 12 can limit the over-limit deformation (including tensile over-limit and compressive over-limit) of the tension and pressure sensor 5, thereby ensuring the working accuracy of the tension and pressure sensor 5.

[0053] The over-extension and over-compression of the tension and pressure sensor 5 can be detected by the infrared distance sensor 17 and the MCU controller 6 can issue an alarm.

[0054] By mounting four infrared ranging sensors 17 on the inner wall of the half-shell 13, the deformation direction of the hatch coaming 1 during welding can also be monitored. For example, if the difference in readings between two infrared ranging sensors 17 located in the vertical direction on a given anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assembly 2 is large, it indicates that vertical tilt has occurred between adjacent vertical panels 11 of the hatch coaming 1 at that location. For another example, if the difference in readings between two infrared ranging sensors 17 located in the horizontal direction on a given anti-deformation and stress-monitoring composite support assembly 2 is large, it indicates that the angle between adjacent vertical panels 11 of the hatch coaming 1 at that location has changed. This facilitates welding operators to take appropriate corrective measures to counteract welding deformation based on the specific deformation conditions.

[0055] As one of the preferred solutions for the connection structure between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod in this embodiment, the connection between the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7 adopts a threaded fitting connection 18 .

[0056] As a second preferred solution of the connection structure between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod in this embodiment, the connection between the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7 is fastened by bolts 19 .

[0057] Preferably, when the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7 are connected by bolt fastening connection 19, pins 20 are also used for positioning.

[0058] Preferably, when the connection between the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7 adopts a threaded connection 18, a threaded connection shaft is provided on the replaceable support block 8, and a threaded connection hole is provided on the fixed support rod 7, and the threaded connection shaft and the threaded connection hole are threadedly connected to each other.

[0059] Preferably, when the connection between the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7 adopts a threaded fitting connection 18, the threaded fitting connection 18 at both ends of the same anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly 2 is also set to have opposite thread rotation directions. In this way, after the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly 2 is spot welded between adjacent vertical panels 11, the initial data of the tension and pressure sensor 5 can be adjusted to zero by rotating the rod body in the middle part of the support assembly 2.

[0060] As the third preferred solution of the connection structure between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod in this embodiment, the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7 are connected by a hinge shaft 21.

[0061] Preferably, a mounting groove 22 is provided on the end of the fixed support rod 7 connected to the replaceable support block 8, and one end of the replaceable support block 8 is inserted into the mounting groove 22 and is rotatably connected through a hinge shaft 21 connected between the replaceable support block 8 and the fixed support rod 7.

[0062] In this embodiment, a sensor wiring hole 23 is provided on the half-type housing 13 .

[0063] In this embodiment, one end of the replaceable support block 8 for connecting with the vertical coaming 11 of the ship hatch coaming 1 is cut into a 45-degree slope to be suitable for supporting and connecting at the corner of the ship hatch coaming 1.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] A method for preventing deformation of a ship hatch coaming by using the welding tool of Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0066] (1) Installation: Four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2 are respectively installed at the four corners of the ship's hatch coaming 1. The replaceable support blocks 8 on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies 2 are fixed to the vertical coaming 11 by multiple spot welding;

[0067] (2) Hatch coaming welding: welding of hatch coaming 1 is performed by welding operators;

[0068] (3) Welding stress and deformation monitoring: During the welding process, the MCU controller 6 dynamically monitors the welding stress and deformation of the hatch coaming 1 in real time through the four tensile pressure sensors 5 on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly 2. When the positions of adjacent vertical coamings 11 on the hatch coaming 1 are relatively displaced or deformed due to welding, the tensile pressure data measured by the tensile pressure sensor 5 will change. The MCU controller 6 simultaneously obtains the tensile pressure data of the four tensile pressure sensors 5 and calculates the average value of the tensile pressure data, and compares the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor 5 with the average value to obtain the tensile pressure data difference; when the tensile pressure data difference exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the welding stress is uneven during the welding process. The MCU controller 6 issues an alarm and displays the tensile pressure data and the tensile pressure data difference of each tensile pressure sensor 5 on the display screen to remind the welding operator to take corrective measures against welding deformation;

[0069] (4) Welding anti-deformation correction: The welding operator checks the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor 5 according to the alarm information issued by the MCU controller 6, and then takes welding anti-deformation correction measures to make the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor 5 tend to be consistent.

[0070] Among them, the welding anti-deformation correction measures include using two or more people for symmetrical welding, mechanical forced shaping, welding heat correction, etc.

[0071] As a further improvement, in the welding stress and deformation monitoring of step (3), the MCU controller 6 also monitors the welding deformation direction of the hatch coaming 1 through the four infrared ranging sensors 17 on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly 2; in the welding anti-deformation correction of step (4), the welding operator takes corresponding welding anti-deformation correction measures according to the welding deformation direction of the hatch coaming 1.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming, characterized in that: The invention comprises a welded anti-deformation monitoring bridge composed of four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies, each of which comprises a pair of supports and a tension and pressure sensor connected between the pair of supports. The four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies are respectively placed at the four corners of the ship's hatch coaming. The ends of the pair of supports on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies are spot-welded to the vertical coaming of the ship's hatch coaming. The tension and pressure sensors on each anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly are respectively connected to an MCU controller. The support body is formed by assembling and docking a fixed support rod and a replaceable support block, one end of the fixed support rod is connected to the tension and pressure sensor, and the other end of the fixed support rod is connected to the replaceable support block; The two ends of the tension and pressure sensor are respectively provided with connecting flanges, and the two ends of the fixed support rod are respectively provided with connecting flanges, and the tension and pressure sensor is assembled and connected through the connecting flanges and connecting bolts; The outer circle of the connecting flange on the tension and pressure sensor is larger than the outer circle of the connecting flange on the fixed support rod. A limit protector for preventing the tension and pressure sensor from being subjected to excessive force is also provided on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly. The limit protector includes a pair of Huff-type clamp shells. The inner hole of one end of the Huff-type clamp shell is provided with an annular positioning groove, and the inner hole of the other end is provided with an annular limiting groove. The annular positioning groove and the annular limiting groove of the Huff-type clamp shell are respectively arranged on the connecting flanges at both ends of the tension and pressure sensor, and the annular positioning groove of the Huff-type clamp shell and the connecting flange of the tension and pressure sensor are transition-fitted, and the annular limiting groove of the Huff-type clamp shell and the connecting flange of the tension and pressure sensor are clearance-fitted.

2. A welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pair of half-type clamping shells are fixed to each other by half-surface connection screws.

3. A welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four infrared ranging sensors are installed and fixed on the inner hole wall of the half-type chuck. The four infrared ranging sensors are evenly spaced along the circumference. The ranging direction of the infrared ranging sensor points vertically to the connecting flange end face of the tension and pressure sensor that is gap-matched with the annular limit groove. The infrared ranging sensor is connected to the MCU controller.

4. A welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the replaceable support block and the fixed support rod is a threaded fitting connection or a bolted fastening connection.

5. The welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The replaceable support block and the fixed support rod are connected by a hinge shaft.

6. A method for preventing deformation of a welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Installation of tooling: Four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies are installed at the four corners of the ship's hatch coaming respectively. The replaceable support blocks on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assemblies are fixed to the vertical coaming by multiple spot welding; (2) Hatch coaming welding: Hatch coaming welding is performed by welding operators; (3) Welding stress and deformation monitoring: During the welding process, the MCU controller dynamically monitors the welding stress and deformation of the hatch coaming in real time through the tension and pressure sensors on the four anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support components. When the positions of adjacent vertical coamings on the hatch coaming are relatively displaced or deformed due to welding, the tension and pressure data measured by the tension and pressure sensors will change. The MCU controller simultaneously obtains the tension and pressure data of the four tension and pressure sensors and calculates the average value of the tension and pressure data, and compares the tension and pressure data of each tension and pressure sensor with the average value to obtain the tension and pressure data difference; when the tension and pressure data difference exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the welding stress is uneven during the welding process. The MCU controller issues an alarm and displays the tension and pressure data and the tension and pressure data difference of each tension and pressure sensor on the display screen to remind the welding operator to take corrective measures against welding deformation; (4) Welding anti-deformation correction: The welding operator checks the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor according to the alarm information issued by the MCU controller, and then takes welding anti-deformation correction measures to make the tensile pressure data of each tensile pressure sensor tend to be consistent.

7. The method for preventing deformation of a welding tool for reducing deformation of a ship hatch coaming according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the welding stress and deformation monitoring of step (3), the MCU controller also monitors the welding deformation direction of the hatch coaming through four infrared ranging sensors on the anti-deformation and stress monitoring composite support assembly; in the welding anti-deformation correction of step (4), the welding operator takes corresponding welding anti-deformation correction measures according to the welding deformation direction of the hatch coaming.

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