A method for diagnosing faults of a boiler electrostatic precipitator

Abstract

This invention discloses a fault diagnosis method for a boiler electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The method includes: the ESP treating the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment with dust; obtaining the dust resistivity 'a' in the ESP and the dust content in the flue gas emission from the boiler flue gas emission equipment; determining a dust resistivity threshold based on the dust content in the flue gas emission; obtaining the ESP flue gas status based on the dust resistivity 'a' and the dust resistivity threshold; obtaining the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and ESP operating data; and determining the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission equipment emission status, and the ESP operating data. This application, through the relationship between the dust resistivity in the ESP and the dust resistivity threshold, first determines the ESP flue gas status, and then, combined with the boiler flue gas emission status and ESP operating data, determines the ESP fault status, identifies the cause of abnormal spark discharge, accurately distinguishes between back corona faults and ESP electrode spacing reduction faults, and improves the ESP safety monitoring capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrostatic precipitator technology, and more specifically, to a fault diagnosis method for boiler electrostatic precipitators. Background Technology

[0002] Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) works by using a high-voltage electric field to ionize flue gas, causing dust particles in the airflow to become charged and separate from the airflow under the influence of the electric field. The negative electrode is made of metal wires with different cross-sectional shapes and is called the discharge electrode. The positive electrode is made of metal plates with different geometric shapes and is called the dust collection electrode. The performance of an electrostatic precipitator is affected by three factors: the properties of the dust, the structure of the equipment, and the flue gas velocity. The resistivity of the dust is an indicator of its conductivity and has a direct impact on the dust removal efficiency. If the resistivity is too low, the dust particles are difficult to retain on the dust collection electrode, causing them to return to the airflow. If the resistivity is too high, the charge on the dust particles reaching the dust collection electrode is not easily released, and a voltage gradient is formed between the dust layers, which will cause local breakdown and discharge phenomena. These situations will all cause a decrease in dust removal efficiency. The basic principle of an electrostatic precipitator is to use electricity to capture dust in flue gas, which mainly includes the following four interrelated physical processes: (1) ionization of the gas. (2) charging of the dust. (3) movement of charged dust towards the electrode. (4) Collection of charged dust. The process of collecting charged dust: A high-voltage direct current is applied to two metal anodes and cathodes with significantly different radii of curvature to maintain an electric field sufficient to ionize the gas. The electrons generated after the gas ionization—anions and cations—are adsorbed onto the dust particles passing through the electric field, giving the dust particles an electric charge. Under the influence of the electric field, dust particles with different polarities move towards the electrodes of different polarities and are deposited on the electrodes, thus achieving the separation of dust and gas.

[0003] ESP malfunctions can be broadly categorized into three types: mechanical malfunctions, electrical malfunctions, and operational malfunctions.

[0004] Mechanical failures are common in ESPs. The mechanical components of an ESP include the housing, discharge electrode, discharge electrode support, collecting electrode, vibrator, ash hopper, and ash discharge system. Mechanical ESP failures can include: broken discharge electrode wires; displacement of the discharge electrode suspension frame; deformation of the collecting electrode plates; wear of the vibrator bearings by hard dust; misalignment, wear, or detachment of the hammer and anvil. These mechanical failures can directly lead to operational instability, reduced dust collection efficiency, or even complete failure of the ESP.

[0005] Electrical faults in ESPs mainly refer to phenomena such as reduced ESP operating voltage caused by control circuit faults, power supply faults, and insulator insulation faults, which prevent the ESP from being powered normally, even forcing the ESP to stop powering, and the rapping system from rapping and the ash removal system from removing ash.

[0006] Operational malfunctions of an ESP mainly refer to non-mechanical and non-electrical faults that cause unsteady operation of the ESP during operation, such as back corona faults. When an ESP operational malfunction occurs, the various parts of the ESP that are working under normal conditions cannot meet the changes in the ESP's operating state and cannot resolve the ESP operational malfunction. For example, when the ESP is handling high resistivity dust, if the rapping system operates according to the conventional rapping strategy, it may not be able to prevent the accumulation of high resistivity dust layer on the dust collection plate, which will eventually lead to an aggravation of the ESP back corona fault.

[0007] In actual operation, ESPs experience numerous unsteady operating conditions, significantly reducing their dust removal efficiency and failing to meet environmental protection requirements. The most prominent causes of unsteady ESP operation include back corona faults and ESP electrode spacing reduction faults.

[0008] Back corona fault, ESP back corona fault mainly occurs when collecting high resistivity dust, the high resistivity dust layer deposited on the dust collecting plate hinders the release of the charge accumulated in the dust layer, resulting in the breakdown of the dust layer and thus generating back corona discharge.

[0009] The reduced electrode spacing of the ESP is caused by various factors such as thermal stress, long-term rapping, corrosion, etc., which can lead to faults such as broken discharge electrode wires, displacement of the discharge electrode suspension frame, and deformation of the dust collection electrode plate. This reduces the effective spacing of the ESP, lowers its operating voltage, or even prevents it from being powered on, directly reducing the dust removal efficiency of the ESP.

[0010] In actual operation, in addition to normal corona power generation, ESPs may also experience spark discharges caused by various reasons, such as: spark discharges caused by gas breakdown between electrodes; spark discharges caused by breakdown of high resistivity dust layers, or spark discharges caused by back corona discharges formed after breakdown; and spark discharges caused by the shrinking spacing of ESP circuit boards due to long-term rapping, thermal stress, and expansion.

[0011] Most ESP malfunctions can be detected in time through routine maintenance and inspection. However, the causes of abnormal spark discharges are difficult to detect and accurately determine in a timely manner through routine maintenance alone. Furthermore, back corona faults and ESP electrode spacing reduction are easily confused and difficult to distinguish.

[0012] Therefore, determining the cause of abnormal spark discharge is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This invention provides a fault diagnosis method for boiler electrostatic precipitators, addressing the technical problems in existing technologies where it is difficult to determine the cause of abnormal spark discharge, back corona faults, and faults caused by reduced ESP electrode spacing. This method is applied to boiler flue gas emission equipment connected to an ESP, and includes:

[0014] ESP performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by boiler flue gas emission equipment;

[0015] Obtain the dust resistivity α in the ESP and the dust situation in the flue gas emission of the boiler flue gas emission equipment. Determine the dust resistivity threshold based on the dust situation in the flue gas emission. Obtain the flue gas state of the ESP based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold.

[0016] Obtain the emission status of boiler flue gas emission equipment and ESP operation data, and determine the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, boiler flue gas emission equipment emission status, and ESP operation data.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the dust resistivity threshold is determined based on the dust content in the flue gas emission, specifically as follows:

[0018] The dust situation in flue gas emissions includes dust category. Based on the dust category, a first dust resistivity threshold of A1 and a second dust resistivity threshold of A2 are set, and A1 < A2.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP flue gas state is obtained based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold, specifically as follows:

[0020] When a < A1, the ESP flue gas state is a low specific resistance state;

[0021] When A1≤a≤A2, the flue gas state of ESP is the normal specific resistance state;

[0022] When a > A2, the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operation data are obtained as follows:

[0024] Obtain the sulfur content S in the dust emitted by the boiler flue gas emission equipment. The operating data includes secondary current and secondary voltage. Obtain the secondary current I and secondary voltage U of the ESP.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the method further includes:

[0026] Based on the dust category, a first sulfur content threshold of S1 is set, and a second sulfur content threshold of S2 is set, where S1 < S2.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP fault state is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission status, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows:

[0028] If the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state and S < S1, then the ESP is in a back corona fault state.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP fault state is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission status, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows:

[0030] If the flue gas state of the ESP is a low resistivity state and S > S2, then the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP fault state is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission status, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows:

[0032] If the flue gas state of the ESP is the normal specific resistance state, and the secondary current I≥I0 and the secondary voltage U<U0, then the ESP is in the state where the effective spacing between the wires is reduced.

[0033] Where I0 is the specified secondary current and U0 is the specified secondary voltage.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, after determining that the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is reduced, the method further includes:

[0035] The authenticity of the ESP being in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates decreases is verified, specifically as follows:

[0036] Determine whether the verification conditions are met. The verification conditions include one or more of the following: the ESP temperature continuously exceeds a threshold for a preset period of time, the suspension frame is displaced, the internal corona wire of the ESP is mechanically deformed, or there are errors in the installation and debugging of the ESP.

[0037] If the above verification conditions are met, the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line boards is reduced;

[0038] If the verification conditions are not met, the ESP fault status will be re-determined based on the ESP flue gas status and ESP operation data.

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, the method further includes:

[0040] Different levels of warnings are issued based on the ESP malfunction status, specifically:

[0041] If the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state, a level 3 warning will be issued;

[0042] If the ESP is in a reverse corona fault state, a second-level warning will be issued;

[0043] If the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is decreasing, a first-level warning will be issued;

[0044] The severity of the third-level warning, the second-level warning, and the first-level warning increases sequentially.

[0045] By applying the above technical solutions, the ESP (Electrical Stability Program) performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment; it obtains the dust resistivity 'a' in the ESP and the dust content in the flue gas emission from the boiler flue gas emission equipment, determines the dust resistivity threshold based on the dust content in the flue gas emission, and obtains the ESP flue gas status based on the dust resistivity 'a' and the dust resistivity threshold; it also obtains the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and ESP operating data, and determines the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment, and the ESP operating data. This application first determines the ESP flue gas status by using the relationship between the dust resistivity in the ESP and the dust resistivity threshold, and then determines the ESP fault status by combining the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operating data, thereby identifying the cause of abnormal spark discharge, accurately distinguishing between back corona faults and ESP electrode spacing reduction faults, and improving the ESP safety supervision capability and fault detection capability. This application also provides a verification method for ESP electrode spacing reduction faults to help judge the authenticity of the fault, thereby further determining the ESP electrode spacing reduction fault status, improving rigor and completeness. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a boiler electrostatic precipitator fault diagnosis method proposed in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] This application provides a method for diagnosing faults in a boiler electrostatic precipitator, applicable to boiler flue gas emission equipment connected to an ESP, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0050] Step S1: ESP performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment;

[0051] Step S2: Obtain the dust resistivity α in the ESP and the dust situation in the flue gas emission of the boiler flue gas emission equipment. Determine the dust resistivity threshold based on the dust situation in the flue gas emission. Obtain the flue gas status of the ESP based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold.

[0052] Step S3: Obtain the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operation data. Determine the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment, and the ESP operation data.

[0053] In step S101, ESP performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment.

[0054] In this embodiment, the ESP performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment, including the following steps: 1. Ionization of gas; 2. Charging of dust; 3. Movement of charged dust towards the electrode; 4. Collection of charged dust.

[0055] In step S2, the dust resistivity α in the ESP and the dust situation in the flue gas emission of the boiler flue gas emission equipment are obtained. The dust resistivity threshold is determined based on the dust situation in the flue gas emission. The flue gas state of the ESP is obtained based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the dust resistivity threshold is determined based on the dust content in the flue gas emission, specifically as follows:

[0057] The dust situation in flue gas emissions includes dust category. Based on the dust category, a first dust resistivity threshold of A1 and a second dust resistivity threshold of A2 are set, and A1 < A2.

[0058] In this embodiment, the resistivity of industrially generated dust varies greatly depending on the type, with some (such as carbon black) having a resistivity of approximately 10. 3 Ω*cm, the higher the value (such as limestone dust at 100℃), the more likely it is to be approximately 10. 14 Ω*cm. Therefore, based on the dust type, the first dust resistivity threshold is set as A1, and the second dust resistivity threshold is set as A2.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP flue gas state is obtained based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold, specifically as follows:

[0060] When a < A1, the ESP flue gas state is a low specific resistance state;

[0061] When A1≤a≤A2, the flue gas state of ESP is the normal specific resistance state;

[0062] When a > A2, the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state.

[0063] In this embodiment, when a < A1, the ESP flue gas state is a low resistivity state, and dust particles are difficult to retain on the dust collection electrode, causing them to return to the airflow; when A1 ≤ a ≤ A2, the ESP flue gas state is a normal resistivity state, and the ESP is in normal working condition without faults; when a > A2, the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state. When the ESP operates under high resistivity dust, it is very easy to generate back corona. When corona generation occurs, the dust surface exhibits an appearance similar to phosphorescence. At the same time, the discharge current increases sharply, and the back corona is very easy to extend into a flashing state and excessively discharge into sparks, thereby generating intense spark discharge.

[0064] In step S3, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operation data are obtained, and the ESP fault status is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment, and the ESP operation data.

[0065] In this embodiment, back corona fault is one of the main operational faults of the ESP. The objective reasons for back corona fault are: 1. Low-sulfur coal, which forms high resistivity dust after boiler combustion, becomes the main coal source, resulting in low sulfur content; 2. The desulfurization and denitrification treatment performed before the ESP reduces the sulfur content of the dust, thereby increasing the resistivity of the dust. The impact of back corona fault on the ESP is ultimately manifested as a decrease in dust migration speed and a decrease in dust removal efficiency, seriously affecting the dust removal function of the ESP. Therefore, after determining the flue gas state of the ESP, the fault state of the ESP is judged in conjunction with the emission status (sulfur content) of the boiler flue gas emission equipment. A smaller effective distance between ESP electrodes and a decrease in the insulation level between opposite electrodes result in a lower electromagnetic breakdown voltage, and partial discharge causes spark discharge, which greatly affects the dust removal efficiency of the ESP and causes abnormal secondary current and secondary voltage. Therefore, after determining the flue gas state of the ESP, the fault state of the ESP is judged in conjunction with the ESP operating data (secondary current and voltage).

[0066] If the flue gas condition of the ESP is within the normal resistivity range, the fault of reduced effective spacing between the ESP plates is relatively easy to identify. However, if high resistivity dust accumulates on the ESP's dust collection plates, the secondary current may be normal or excessive, and the secondary voltage may be lower than the normal operating voltage, resulting in spark discharge. This phenomenon makes it difficult to distinguish between the two faults. Therefore, different analyses must be performed based on different resistivity dust conditions.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operation data are obtained as follows:

[0068] Obtain the sulfur content S in the dust emitted by the boiler flue gas emission equipment. The operating data includes secondary current and secondary voltage. Obtain the secondary current I and secondary voltage U of the ESP.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the method further includes:

[0070] Based on the dust category, a first sulfur content threshold of S1 is set, and a second sulfur content threshold of S2 is set, where S1 < S2.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP fault state is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission status, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows:

[0072] If the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state and S < S1, then the ESP is in a back corona fault state.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP fault state is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission status, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows:

[0074] If the flue gas state of the ESP is a low resistivity state and S > S2, then the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state.

[0075] In some embodiments of this application, the ESP fault state is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, the boiler flue gas emission status, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows:

[0076] If the flue gas state of the ESP is the normal specific resistance state, and the secondary current I≥I0 and the secondary voltage U<U0, then the ESP is in the state where the effective spacing between the wires is reduced.

[0077] Where I0 is the specified secondary current and U0 is the specified secondary voltage.

[0078] In this embodiment, the specified secondary current and secondary voltage can be adjusted or changed according to the actual situation, which are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0079] In some embodiments of this application, after determining that the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is reduced, the method further includes:

[0080] The authenticity of the ESP being in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates decreases is verified, specifically as follows:

[0081] Determine whether the verification conditions are met. The verification conditions include one or more of the following: the ESP temperature continuously exceeds a threshold for a preset period of time, the suspension frame is displaced, the internal corona wire of the ESP is mechanically deformed, or there is an error in the installation and debugging of the ESP. The verification conditions are the reasons that cause the ESP to be in a state of reduced effective spacing between the wires, such as the ESP continuously being too hot or the suspension frame being displaced.

[0082] If the above verification conditions are met, the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line boards is reduced;

[0083] If the verification conditions are not met, the ESP fault status is re-determined based on the ESP flue gas status and ESP operating data until the results are the same.

[0084] In some embodiments of this application, the method further includes:

[0085] Different levels of warnings are issued based on the ESP malfunction status, specifically:

[0086] If the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state, a level 3 warning will be issued;

[0087] If the ESP is in a reverse corona fault state, a second-level warning will be issued;

[0088] If the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is decreasing, a first-level warning will be issued;

[0089] The severity of the third-level warning, the second-level warning, and the first-level warning increases sequentially.

[0090] In this embodiment, the Level 3 warning indirectly leads to a decrease in ESP function, resulting in moderate economic losses but no significant harm to personnel. The Level 2 warning directly leads to a decrease in ESP function, causing significant environmental damage, but usually does not result in casualties. The Level 1 warning directly leads to the loss of ESP function and may result in casualties.

[0091] By applying the above technical solutions, the ESP (Electrical Stability Program) performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment; it obtains the dust resistivity 'a' in the ESP and the dust content in the flue gas emission from the boiler flue gas emission equipment, determines the dust resistivity threshold based on the dust content in the flue gas emission, and obtains the ESP flue gas status based on the dust resistivity 'a' and the dust resistivity threshold; it also obtains the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and ESP operating data, and determines the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment, and the ESP operating data. This application first determines the ESP flue gas status by using the relationship between the dust resistivity in the ESP and the dust resistivity threshold, and then determines the ESP fault status by combining the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operating data, thereby identifying the cause of abnormal spark discharge, accurately distinguishing between back corona faults and ESP electrode spacing reduction faults, and improving the ESP safety supervision capability and fault detection capability. This application also provides a verification method for ESP electrode spacing reduction faults to help judge the authenticity of the fault, thereby further determining the ESP electrode spacing reduction fault status, improving rigor and completeness.

[0092] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented in hardware or by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0093] To further illustrate the technical concept of this invention, the technical solution of this invention will now be described in conjunction with specific application scenarios.

[0094] This application also provides a fault diagnosis device for a boiler electrostatic precipitator, applied in a boiler flue gas emission system connected to an ESP, the device comprising:

[0095] The dust removal module is used by the ESP to remove dust from the flue gas generated by the boiler flue gas emission equipment.

[0096] The acquisition module is used to acquire the dust resistivity α in the ESP and the dust situation in the flue gas emission of the boiler flue gas emission equipment, determine the dust resistivity threshold based on the dust situation in the flue gas emission, and obtain the flue gas status of the ESP based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold.

[0097] The determination module is used to acquire the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment and the ESP operation data, and to determine the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, the emission status of the boiler flue gas emission equipment, and the ESP operation data.

[0098] In some embodiments of this application, the acquisition module is specifically used for:

[0099] The dust situation in flue gas emissions includes dust category. Based on the dust category, a first dust resistivity threshold of A1 and a second dust resistivity threshold of A2 are set, and A1 < A2.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, the acquisition module is further specifically used for:

[0101] When a < A1, the ESP flue gas state is a low specific resistance state;

[0102] When A1≤a≤A2, the flue gas state of ESP is the normal specific resistance state;

[0103] When a > A2, the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state.

[0104] In some embodiments of this application, the determining module is specifically used for:

[0105] Obtain the sulfur content S in the dust emitted by the boiler flue gas emission equipment. The operating data includes secondary current and secondary voltage. Obtain the secondary current I and secondary voltage U of the ESP.

[0106] In some embodiments of this application, the device further includes a setting module for:

[0107] Based on the dust category, a first sulfur content threshold of S1 is set, and a second sulfur content threshold of S2 is set, where S1 < S2.

[0108] In some embodiments of this application, the determining module is specifically used for:

[0109] If the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state and S < S1, then the ESP is in a back corona fault state.

[0110] In some embodiments of this application, the determining module is further specifically used for:

[0111] If the flue gas state of the ESP is a low resistivity state and S > S2, then the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state.

[0112] In some embodiments of this application, the determining module is further specifically used for:

[0113] If the flue gas state of the ESP is the normal specific resistance state, and the secondary current I≥I0 and the secondary voltage U<U0, then the ESP is in the state where the effective spacing between the wires is reduced.

[0114] Where I0 is the specified secondary current and U0 is the specified secondary voltage.

[0115] In some embodiments of this application, the apparatus further includes a verification module, used for:

[0116] The authenticity of the ESP being in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates decreases is verified, specifically as follows:

[0117] Determine whether the verification conditions are met. The verification conditions include one or more of the following: the ESP temperature continuously exceeds a threshold for a preset period of time, the suspension frame is displaced, the internal corona wire of the ESP is mechanically deformed, or there are errors in the installation and debugging of the ESP.

[0118] If the above verification conditions are met, the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line boards is reduced;

[0119] If the verification conditions are not met, the ESP fault status will be re-determined based on the ESP flue gas status and ESP operation data.

[0120] In some embodiments of this application, the device further includes a warning module for:

[0121] Different levels of warnings are issued based on the ESP malfunction status, specifically:

[0122] If the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state, a level 3 warning will be issued;

[0123] If the ESP is in a reverse corona fault state, a second-level warning will be issued;

[0124] If the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is decreasing, a first-level warning will be issued;

[0125] The severity of the third-level warning, the second-level warning, and the first-level warning increases sequentially.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the implementation scenario can be distributed within the apparatus of the implementation scenario as described, or they can be located in one or more apparatuses different from this implementation scenario with corresponding changes. The modules of the above-described implementation scenario can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing faults in a boiler electrostatic precipitator, applied to boiler flue gas emission equipment connected to an ESP, characterized in that... The method includes: ESP performs dust removal treatment on the flue gas generated by boiler flue gas emission equipment; Obtain the dust resistivity α in the ESP and the dust situation in the flue gas emission of the boiler flue gas emission equipment. Determine the dust resistivity threshold based on the dust situation in the flue gas emission. Obtain the flue gas state of the ESP based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold. Obtain the emission status of boiler flue gas emission equipment and ESP operation data, and determine the ESP fault status based on the ESP flue gas status, boiler flue gas emission equipment emission status, and ESP operation data; The dust resistivity threshold is determined based on the dust content in the flue gas emissions, specifically as follows: The dust situation in flue gas emissions includes dust type. Based on the dust type, a first dust resistivity threshold of A1 and a second dust resistivity threshold of A2 are set, and A1 < A2. The ESP flue gas state is obtained based on the dust resistivity α and the dust resistivity threshold, specifically: When a < A1, the ESP flue gas state is a low specific resistance state; When A1≤a≤A2, the flue gas state of ESP is the normal specific resistance state; When a > A2, the flue gas state of ESP is a high resistivity state; Obtain the emission status of boiler flue gas emission equipment and ESP operation data, specifically: Obtain the sulfur content S in the dust emitted by the boiler flue gas emission equipment. The operating data includes secondary current and secondary voltage. Obtain the secondary current I and secondary voltage U of the ESP.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the dust category, a first sulfur content threshold of S1 is set, and a second sulfur content threshold of S2 is set, where S1 < S2.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The ESP fault status is determined based on the ESP flue gas condition, boiler flue gas emission equipment emissions, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows: If the ESP flue gas state is a high resistivity state and S < S1, then the ESP is in a back corona fault state.

4. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The ESP fault status is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, boiler flue gas emission equipment emissions, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows: If the flue gas state of the ESP is a low resistivity state and S > S2, then the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ESP fault status is determined based on the ESP flue gas status, boiler flue gas emission equipment emissions, and ESP operating data, specifically as follows: If the flue gas state of the ESP is the normal specific resistance state, and the secondary current I≥I0 and the secondary voltage U<U0, then the ESP is in the state where the effective spacing between the wires is reduced. Where I0 is the specified secondary current and U0 is the specified secondary voltage.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, After determining that the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is reduced, the method further includes: The authenticity of the ESP being in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates decreases is verified, specifically as follows: Determine whether the verification conditions are met. The verification conditions include one or more of the following: the ESP temperature continuously exceeds a threshold for a preset period of time, the suspension frame is displaced, the internal corona wire of the ESP is mechanically deformed, or there are errors in the installation and debugging of the ESP. If the above verification conditions are met, the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line boards is reduced; If the verification conditions are not met, the ESP fault status will be re-determined based on the ESP flue gas status and ESP operation data.

7. The method as described in any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Different levels of warnings are issued based on the ESP malfunction status, specifically: If the ESP is in a low dust collection rate state, a level 3 warning will be issued; If the ESP is in a reverse corona fault state, a second-level warning will be issued; If the ESP is in a state where the effective spacing between the line plates is decreasing, a first-level warning will be issued; The severity of the third-level warning, the second-level warning, and the first-level warning increases sequentially.

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