A pulse heat pipe-based charging pile heat control system and a control method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of charge pile heat control system and control method based on pulsating heat pipe.It is a kind of charge pile heat control system based on pulsating heat pipe, including charge pile shell, power module and fan, and power module is equipped with heat dissipation component and heat supplement component;Heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe is bent into U-shaped structure, is sleeved with phase change material sleeve plate, and is in contact with power module surface, and middle part is evaporator end, and two wings are condenser end;Heat supplement pulsating heat pipe is bent into U-shaped structure, is sleeved with phase change material sleeve plate, and is in contact with power module surface, and middle part is condenser end, and two wings are part of evaporator end, and evaporator end is equipped with electric heater.The present application uses the heat dissipation mode of microchannel flat plate pulsating heat pipe and phase change material coupling, and pulsating heat pipe is coreless and pumpless, does not need gravity auxiliary, flat plate type increases contact area, improves the power upper limit of heat dissipation, and the addition of phase change material improves uniformity, saves energy, and improves the stability and sustainability of heat dissipation system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a pulsating heat pipe based charging pile heat control system and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rapid development of new energy vehicles has made charging piles, as the infrastructure of electric vehicles, widely used. People have increasingly high requirements for charging speed, and the faster the charging speed is, the more heat the charging module contained in the charging pile will dissipate when working, so the research and development of heat dissipation technology are crucial to the safety and reliability of the charging equipment. The existing charging piles generally adopt air cooling heat dissipation, air circulation is promoted by a fan, and the machine box adopts louver opening, so the heat dissipation effect is poor, the battery life is affected, and the charging module is prone to failure.

[0003] Heat pipes make full use of the heat conduction principle and the rapid heat transfer properties of phase change medium, and rapidly transfer the heat of a heating object to the outside of the heat source through the heat pipe, and the heat conduction capacity exceeds that of any known metal, so the heat pipe is widely used in various fields. As a coreless and pumpless heat pipe, the pulsating heat pipe has the characteristics of simple structure, fast heat response, strong adaptability and no power consumption compared with the traditional heat pipe.

[0004] The patent document with publication number CN 113865391 A discloses a device for dissipating heat from a charging pile using a heat pipe, which uses a gravity siphon heat pipe to dissipate heat from the charging pile. The gravity siphon heat pipe has high requirements for the installation angle of the liquid return power heat pipe, and the condensation side extends to the outside, which is not aesthetic, easy to get dirty, and relies on natural convection, so the heat dissipation capacity is not strong.

[0005] The patent documents with publication numbers CN 112224067 A and CN 112153872 A respectively disclose a heat pipe fin composite heat dissipation type charging pile heat dissipation system and a solar semiconductor heat pipe based electric vehicle charging pile cooling system, which use a capillary core heat pipe. The capillary core sintering is prone to blockage, and the circular tube and the heat dissipation element are in line contact, so the contact area is small. In the CN 112224067 A patent, the heat pipe is flattened to increase the heat exchange area, which increases the risk of blockage and processing difficulty. In the CN 112153872 A patent, the condensation section is at the bottom and the evaporation section is at the top, which is not conducive to the return of the liquid in the pipe and increases the starting temperature of the heat pipe operation.

[0006] The patent document with publication number CN 113119773 A discloses a new type of pulsating heat pipe fin combined heat dissipation structure, which uses a copper pipe bent pulsating heat pipe structure. The structure involves a 90 degree bend of the copper pipe, which is difficult to process, and the circular heat pipe and the heating element plate are in line contact, so the heat dissipation effect is not good.

[0007] In summary, the application of heat pipes in charging pile heat dissipation has the following technical problems:

[0008] 1. Heat Pipe Selection: Loop heat pipes require either a refrigerant pump or gravity-assisted drive. Refrigerant pumps require additional pump power, resulting in higher manufacturing and operating costs. Gravity-assisted drives require the condenser section to be higher than the evaporator section, making them more susceptible to installation angles and vibrations. Capillary heat pipes require a capillary structure inside the evaporator end, such as metal mesh, fibers, or porous ceramics, resulting in a complex structure prone to clogging. Traditional copper tube pulsating heat pipes, while lacking a core and pump, have line contact with the heating element, limiting heat dissipation capacity.

[0009] 2. Integration of heat pipes with other heat dissipation technologies: Heat pipes are more often combined with air cooling, but less so with newer heat dissipation technologies such as phase change materials. Simple structural integration is more common, while integration into a comprehensive control system is less frequent.

[0010] 3. Performance indicators of charging piles: The power of heat dissipation is the focus of most patent discussions, while the spatiotemporal uniformity, stability and continuity, and adjustability of battery cooling are also important indicators of heat dissipation performance. In addition, the constant temperature performance of the battery, especially in low-temperature environments, such as when the charging pile is started in winter, may cause it to fail to start or reduce battery life, which is less of a concern in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This invention proposes a thermal control system for charging piles based on pulsating heat pipes. It adopts a heat dissipation method that couples microchannel flat plate pulsating heat pipes and phase change materials. The pulsating heat pipes are coreless and pumpless, requiring no gravity assistance. The flat plate design increases the contact area and improves the upper limit of heat dissipation power. The addition of phase change materials improves temperature uniformity, saves energy, and enhances the stability and sustainability of the heat dissipation system.

[0012] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above problems is: a thermal control system for charging piles based on pulsating heat pipes, which is special in that:

[0013] It includes a charging pile housing, a power module and a fan. The power module is located inside the charging pile housing and is equipped with at least one set of heat dissipation components and at least one set of heat replenishment components.

[0014] Each heat dissipation assembly includes at least one pulsating heat pipe for heat dissipation, and each heat replenishment assembly includes at least one pulsating heat pipe for heat replenishment.

[0015] The heat pipe for heat dissipation is a flat tube with microchannels inside, which is bent into a U-shaped structure. The U-shaped bend is fitted with a phase change material sleeve, and the phase change material sleeve forms surface contact with three sides of the power module. The U-shaped bend of the heat pipe is the evaporation end, and the two protruding wings are the condensation end. The condensation end is provided with heat dissipation fins, and the end is connected to a micro-chamber, which is connected to the microchannel.

[0016] The pulse heat pipe for heat supplement is a flat tube with micro-channels inside, which is bent into a U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped bent part is sleeved with a phase change material sleeve plate, which forms a surface contact with the three surfaces of the power module, the U-shaped bent part of the pulse heat pipe for heat dissipation is the condensing end, and the two wing parts are the evaporation end, and the evaporation end is provided with an electric heater.

[0017] The fan is arranged at the bottom of the charging pile shell inside the charging pile shell, and is used for heat dissipation of the condensing end of the pulse heat pipe for heat dissipation.

[0018] Further, the phase change material sleeve plate is provided with a cavity, and the cavity is filled with a low-boiling solid-liquid phase change material, and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl is (T min +T max ) / 2, the cavity is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion, T min and T max are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the suitable interval of the battery working temperature. Optionally, the phase change material is an alkane composite organic phase change material such as oxidized polyethylene wax, and the type of the tooth-shaped protrusion is straight-tooth type, tree type or micro-sphere type.

[0019] Further, the micro-channels in the pulse heat pipe for heat dissipation and the pulse heat pipe for heat supplement are filled with a working medium, and the gas-liquid phase change temperature T gl is in the range of T min -T max , and the filling amount is 40%-60% of the volume of the micro-channels.

[0020] Further, the inner wall of the micro-channels of the evaporation end of the pulse heat pipe for heat dissipation and the pulse heat pipe for heat supplement is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion, which adsorbs liquid by surface tension, prevents the evaporation end from being dry, and increases the pulsation by unbalanced resistance of the two ends.

[0021] Further, the pulse heat pipe for heat dissipation is further filled with a non-condensable gas, and the temperature T gas is (T min +T max ) / 2, the pressure P gas is P sat , the volume of the non-condensable gas is equal to the volume of the micro-chamber, and P sat is the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature (T min +T max ) / 2 of the working medium filled in the heat pipe. The non-condensable gas is helium, nitrogen or the like.

[0022] Further, the charging pile shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is located below the power module, and the air outlet is located near the power module, forming a wind path circulation.

[0023] Further, the power module, the phase change material sleeve plate and the charging pile shell are provided with thermocouples, respectively obtaining the power module temperature T1, the phase change material temperature T2 and the charging pile shell temperature T3.

[0024] Further, a control unit is further included, which obtains the power module temperature T1, the phase change material temperature T2 and the charging pile shell temperature T3 measured by the thermocouples 9, and then controls the switch of the electric heater and the fan and the rotating speed of the fan according to the temperature parameters.

[0025] Further, the electric heater is an electric heating wire or an electric heating film, and the length of the electric heater is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the protruding part of the heat-supplementing pulsating heat pipe.

[0026] In addition, the application further provides a control method for the charging pile heat control system based on the pulsating heat pipe, which is characterized by comprising the following steps.

[0027] S101: judging whether the working state of the charging pile is started or not, if not, entering S201, otherwise entering S102.

[0028] S201: monitoring the charging pile shell temperature T3 and entering S202. When the charging pile is not started, the heat-supplementing pulsating heat pipe is mainly triggered to prevent the charging pile temperature from being too low in winter and to save the time for starting when the user charges, thereby improving the starting characteristics of the charging pile and prolonging the service life.

[0029] S202: comparing the relative sizes of the charging pile shell temperature T3 and the lower limit T min of the working temperature range, if T3 min , entering S203, otherwise returning to S201.

[0030] S203: starting the electric heater and monitoring the phase change material temperature T2 and entering S204.

[0031] S204: comparing the relative sizes of the phase change material temperature T2 and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl , if T2>T sl , the phase change material has been heated to be in liquid state, entering S205, otherwise the phase change material is still in solid state, returning to S203.

[0032] S205: stopping the electric heater and using the latent heat of the liquid phase phase change material to delay heat preservation, thereby ensuring the battery working temperature, and returning to S201.

[0033] S102: when the charging pile is started, the heat-dissipating pulsating heat pipe is mainly triggered. It is judged whether the user selects the fast charging mode or not, and the appropriate initial fan rotating speed is selected for the heat dissipation of the condensing end of the heat pipe according to the mode. If yes, entering S103A, otherwise entering S103B.

[0034] S103A: Turn on the fan and adjust the initial speed v0 to v1, enter S104. Optionally, v1 is 1500 rpm.

[0035] S103B: Turn on the fan and adjust the initial speed v0 to v2, enter S104. Optionally, v2 is 1000 rpm.

[0036] S104: In the continuous work of the charging pile, the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe starts to run, the power module temperature T1 is monitored, and S105 is entered.

[0037] S105: Adjust the fan speed according to the power module temperature T1 as an index, and the adjustment curve is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Where v m is the maximum speed of the fan, which is optionally 3000-4000 rpm, and parameters a and b are calculated by the following formula.

[0040] Enter S106.

[0041]

[0042] S106: Determine whether the charging is completed, if yes, enter S107, otherwise return to S104.

[0043] S107: Keep the fan speed at v2 and monitor the phase change material temperature T2, enter S108.

[0044] S108: Compare the relative size of the phase change material temperature T2 and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl , if T2>T sl , the phase change material is solid, enter S109, otherwise the phase change material is still liquid, return to S107.

[0045] S109: Turn off the fan, use the latent heat of the solid phase change material to cool and keep warm, and ensure the battery working temperature, return to S101.

[0046] Advantages of the present application:

[0047] The present application improves the heat dissipation performance of the charging pile by adding a micro-channel flat plate pulsating heat pipe: the pulsating heat pipe has no core and no pump, does not need gravity assistance, the flat plate increases the contact area and improves the power limit of heat dissipation. At the same time, the coupling control of phase change material, non-condensable gas chamber and electric heating system improves the temperature uniformity and the running stability of the heat control system in low temperature environment, thereby providing a high-efficiency, continuous, stable and low-cost constant temperature heat control system for the charging pile. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 is the structure diagram of the charging pile heat control system based on pulsating heat pipe provided by the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 is the layout of the power module and the pulsating heat pipe;

[0050] Figure 3 is the pulsating heat pipe diagram for heat dissipation;

[0051] Figure 4 is the pulsating heat pipe diagram for heat supplement;

[0052] Figure 5 is the cross-sectional view of the evaporation end of the pulsating heat pipe;

[0053] Figure 6 is the cross-sectional view of the phase change material sleeve plate;

[0054] Figure 7 is the system control logic diagram.

[0055] Wherein: 1, charging pile shell, 2, power module, 4, phase change material sleeve plate, 5, electric heater, 6, fan, 7, heat dissipation fin, 8, micro-chamber, 9, thermocouple, 101, air inlet, 102, air outlet, 301, heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe, 302, heat supplement pulsating heat pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application.

[0057] Referring to Figures 1-4The application discloses a charging pile heat control system based on pulsating heat pipes, which comprises a charging pile shell 1, a power module 2 and a fan 6, the power module 2 is arranged in the charging pile shell 1, at least one set of heat dissipation components and at least one set of heat supplement components are arranged on the power module 2, each set of heat dissipation components comprises at least one heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301, and each set of heat supplement components comprises at least one heat supplement pulsating heat pipe 302; the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 is a flat pipe provided with a microchannel in the inside, is bent into a U-shaped structure, a phase change material sleeve plate 4 is sleeved on the U-shaped bent part, the phase change material sleeve plate 4 is in surface contact with three surfaces of the power module 2, the U-shaped bent part of the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 is an evaporation end, the two wing parts extending out are condensation ends, the condensation ends are provided with heat dissipation fins 7 on the outside, and a microchamber 8 is connected to the tail end and communicates with the microchannel; the heat supplement pulsating heat pipe 302 is a flat pipe provided with a microchannel in the inside, is bent into a U-shaped structure, a phase change material sleeve plate 4 is sleeved on the U-shaped bent part, the phase change material sleeve plate 4 is in surface contact with three surfaces of the power module 2, the U-shaped bent part of the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 is a condensation end, the two wing parts extending out are evaporation ends, and an electric heater 5 is arranged on the evaporation end; the fan 6 is arranged at the bottom in the charging pile shell 1 and is used for dissipating heat of the condensation end of the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301. The two wing extending parts of the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 and the heat supplement pulsating heat pipe 302 are opposite to each other.

[0058] Referring to Figure 2 , as a preferred embodiment of the application, two sets of heat dissipation components and one set of heat supplement components are arranged on one power module 2, and the heat supplement components are located between the two sets of heat dissipation components; each set of heat dissipation components comprises two heat dissipation pulsating heat pipes 301, and each set of heat supplement components comprises two heat supplement pulsating heat pipes 302. In specific application, the reference quantity ratio of the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 to the heat supplement pulsating heat pipe 302 arranged on each power module 2 is 2-4 times.

[0059] The electric heater 5 is an electric heating wire or an electric heating film, and the length of the electric heater 5 is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the two wing extending parts of the heat supplement pulsating heat pipe 302.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the application, referring to Figure 6 , the phase change material sleeve plate 4 is provided with a containing cavity, the containing cavity is filled with a low-boiling solid-liquid phase change material, the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl is (T min +T max ) / 2, the containing cavity is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion, T min and T maxThese are the upper and lower limits of the suitable operating temperature range for the battery, typically 5℃ and 40℃. Preferably, the solid-liquid phase change material is an alkane-based composite organic phase change material such as oxidized polyethylene wax, and the tooth-like protrusions are of the following types: straight tooth type, dendritic type, and microsphere type.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microchannels in the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 and the heat replenishment pulsating heat pipe 302 are filled with a working fluid, the working fluid having a gas-liquid phase transition temperature T. gl In T min -T max Within this range, the charge volume is 40%-60% of the microchannel's internal volume. The type of working fluid is selected based on the battery's operating temperature, and can be organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, or refrigerants such as R134a and R32.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, see [link to previous document]. Figure 6 The microchannel inner wall of the evaporation end of the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 and the heat replenishment pulsating heat pipe 302 is provided with tooth-shaped protrusions, which use surface tension to adsorb liquid, prevent the evaporation end from drying out, and at the same time increase the pulsation by making the resistance at both ends unbalanced.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulsating heat pipe 301 for heat dissipation is further filled with a non-condensable gas at a temperature T. gas For (T) min +T max ) / 2, pressure P gas For P sat At that time, the volume of the non-condensable gas is equal to the internal volume of the microchamber 8, P sat The temperature at which the working fluid is filled into the heat pipe is (T) min +T max The saturation pressure corresponding to ) / 2. Non-condensable gases can be helium, nitrogen, etc.

[0064] When the temperature of power module 2 is higher than the saturation temperature T gas When the pressure inside the pulsating heat pipe 301 increases, the non-condensable gas is returned to the micro-chamber 8, increasing the heat dissipation area; when the temperature of the power module 2 is below the saturation temperature T... gas This reduces the pressure inside the pulsating heat pipe 301, causing non-condensable gas to diffuse out of the microchamber 8, reducing the heat dissipation area and increasing the smoothness of heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the microchamber 8 connects to all channels within the pulsating heat pipe, increasing the uniformity of heat dissipation.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, see [link to previous document]. Figure 1 The charging pile housing 1 is provided with an air inlet 101 and an air outlet 102. The air inlet 101 is below the power module 2, and the air outlet 102 is to the left and right of the power module 2. The fan 6 is placed at the bottom of the charging pile housing 1 to form an air circulation path.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the power module 2, the phase change material sleeve plate 4, and the charging pile shell 1 are all provided with thermocouples, respectively obtaining the power module 2 temperature T1, the phase change material temperature T2, and the charging pile shell 1 temperature T3. A control unit is further included, which obtains the power module 2 temperature T1, the phase change material temperature T2, and the charging pile shell 1 temperature T3 measured by the thermocouples 9, and then controls the switching of the electric heater 5 and the fan 6 and the rotating speed of the fan 6 according to the temperature parameters.

[0067] Referring to Figure 7 , the present application further proposes a control method for the above charging pile heat control system based on pulsating heat pipes, including the following steps:

[0068] S101: Determine whether the working state of the charging pile is started, if not, enter S201, otherwise enter S102;

[0069] S201: Monitor the charging pile shell 1 temperature T3, and enter S202; when the charging pile is not started, mainly trigger the heat-supplying pulsating heat pipe 302 to prevent the charging pile temperature from being too low in winter, so that the user spends too much time starting when charging, improves the starting characteristics of the charging pile, and prolongs its service life;

[0070] S202: Compare the relative sizes of the charging pile shell 1 temperature T3 and the lower limit T min of the working temperature range, if T3 < T min , enter S203, otherwise return to S201;

[0071] S203: Turn on the electric heater 5 and monitor the phase change material temperature T2, and enter S204;

[0072] S204: Compare the relative sizes of the phase change material temperature T2 and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl , if T2 > T sl , the phase change material has been heated to a liquid state, enter S205, otherwise the phase change material is still in a solid state, return to S203;

[0073] S205: Turn off the electric heater 5, use the latent heat of the liquid phase phase change material to delay heat preservation, and ensure the battery working temperature, and return to S201;

[0074] S102: When the charging pile is started, mainly trigger the heat-dissipating pulsating heat pipe 301; determine whether the user selects the fast charging mode, select the appropriate initial fan 6 rotating speed as the condenser end heat dissipation of the heat pipe according to the mode; if yes, enter S103A, otherwise enter S103B;

[0075] S103A: Turn on the fan 6 and adjust the initial rotating speed v0 to v1, and enter S104; v1 can be 1500 rpm;

[0076] S103B: Turn on the fan 6 and adjust the initial rotation speed v0 to v2, enter S104; v2 is 1000 rpm;

[0077] S104: In the continuous work of the charging pile, the heat dissipation pulsating heat pipe 301 starts to run, the power module 2 temperature T1 is monitored, and S105 is entered;

[0078] S105: Adjust the rotation speed of the fan 6 according to the power module 2 temperature T1 as an index, and the adjustment curve is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where v m is the maximum rotation speed of the fan 6, which is 3000-4000 rpm, and parameters a and b are calculated by the following formula; enter S106;

[0081]

[0082] S106: Determine whether the charging is completed, if yes, enter S107, otherwise return to S104;

[0083] S107: Keep the rotation speed of the fan 6 as v2, and monitor the phase change material temperature T2, enter S108;

[0084] S108: Compare the relative size of the phase change material temperature T2 and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl , if T2>T sl , the phase change material is solid, enter S109, otherwise the phase change material is still liquid, return to S107;

[0085] S109: Turn off the fan 6, use the latent heat of the solid phase change material to cool and keep warm, and ensure the battery working temperature, return to S101.

[0086] In summary, the charging pile heat control system based on the pulsating heat pipe provided by the application improves the heat dissipation performance of the charging pile by adding the micro-channel flat plate pulsating heat pipe: the pulsating heat pipe has no core and pump, does not need gravity assistance, the flat plate type increases the contact area, and improves the power limit of heat dissipation. At the same time, the coupling control of the phase change material, the non-condensable gas chamber and the electric heating system improves the temperature uniformity and improves the operation stability of the heat management system in low temperature environment, thereby providing a high-efficiency, continuous, stable and low-cost charging pile constant temperature heat management system.

[0087] The above is only an embodiment of the application, not to limit the protection scope of the application, any equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion made by using the content of the application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related system fields, are also included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A pulse heat pipe based charging pile thermal control system, characterized in that: it comprises a charging pile shell (1), a power module (2) and a fan (6), the power module (2) is arranged inside the charging pile shell (1), and the power module (2) is provided with at least one set of heat dissipation components and at least one set of heat supplement components; each set of heat dissipation components comprises at least one heat dissipation pulse heat pipe (301), and each set of heat supplement components comprises at least one heat supplement pulse heat pipe (302); the heat dissipation pulse heat pipe (301) is a flat tube provided with a microchannel inside, is bent into a U-shaped structure, and is provided with a phase change material sleeve plate (4) on the U-shaped bent part, the phase change material sleeve plate (4) is in surface contact with three surfaces of the power module (2), the U-shaped bent part of the heat dissipation pulse heat pipe (301) is an evaporation end, the two wing parts extending out are condensation ends, the condensation ends are provided with heat dissipation fins (7) outside, and the ends are connected with a microcavity (8) in communication with the microchannel; the heat supplement pulse heat pipe (302) is a flat tube provided with a microchannel inside, is bent into a U-shaped structure, and is provided with a phase change material sleeve plate (4) on the U-shaped bent part, the phase change material sleeve plate (4) is in surface contact with three surfaces of the power module (2), the U-shaped bent part of the heat dissipation pulse heat pipe (301) is a condensation end, the two wing parts extending out are evaporation ends, and the evaporation ends are provided with an electric heater (5); the fan (6) is arranged at the bottom in the charging pile shell (1) and is used for dissipating heat from the condensation ends of the heat dissipation pulse heat pipes (301); The phase change material sleeve plate (4) is provided with a containing cavity, and the containing cavity is filled with a low-boiling solid-liquid phase change material, and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl is (T min +T max ) / 2, the containing cavity is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion, T min and T max are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the suitable interval of the battery working temperature; the inner wall of the microchannel of the evaporation end of the heat dissipation pulse heat pipe (301) and the heat supplement pulse heat pipe (302) is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion, liquid is adsorbed by surface tension, evaporation of the evaporation end is prevented, and the resistance imbalance of the two ends is increased to increase pulsation; The pulsating heat pipe (301) for heat dissipation is also filled with non-condensable gas, and the temperature T gas is (T min + T max ) / 2, and the pressure P gas is P sat , at which time the volume of the non-condensable gas is equal to the inner volume of the micro-chamber (8), and P sat is the saturated pressure corresponding to the temperature (T min + T max ) / 2 of the working medium filled in the heat pipe. 2.The pulse heat pipe based charging pile thermal control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microchannels of the heat dissipating pulsating heat pipe (301) and the heat supplementing pulsating heat pipe (302) are filled with a working medium, and the gas-liquid phase change temperature T gl In the range of T min -T max 40% to 60% of the microchannel inner volume. 3.The pulse heat pipe based charging pile thermal control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the charging pile shell (1) is provided with an air inlet (101) and an air outlet (102), the air inlet (101) is located below the power module (2), the air outlet (102) is located near the power module (2), and a wind path circulation is formed. 4.The pulse heat pipe based charging pile thermal control system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the power module (2), the phase change material sleeve plate (4) and the charging pile shell (1) are all provided with thermocouples, and the temperatures T1 of the power module (2), the temperatures T2 of the phase change material and the temperatures T3 of the charging pile shell (1) are obtained. 5.The pulse heat pipe based charging pile thermal control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: it further comprises a control unit, the control unit acquires the temperatures T1 of the power module (2), the temperatures T2 of the phase change material and the temperatures T3 of the charging pile shell (1) measured by the thermocouples (9), and then controls the switching of the electric heater (5) and the fan (6) and the rotating speed of the fan (6) according to the temperature parameters. 6.The pulse heat pipe based charging pile thermal control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heater (5) is an electric heating wire or an electric heating film, and the length of the electric heater (5) is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the length of the two wing extending parts of the heat-supplementing pulsating heat pipe (302).

7. A control method for the pulsating heat pipe-based charging pile heat control system according to claim 5, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S101: Determine whether the working state of the charging pile is started, if not, go to S201, otherwise go to S102; S201: Monitor the temperature T3 of the charging pile shell (1), and go to S202; when the charging pile is not started, trigger the heat-supplementing pulsating heat pipe (302) to prevent the temperature of the charging pile from being too low in winter, so that the user spends too much time starting when charging, improves the starting characteristics of the charging pile and prolongs the service life thereof; S202: compare the relative size of the charging pile shell (1) temperature T3 and the lower limit of the working temperature interval T min If T3 < T min , go to S203, otherwise return to S201; S203: Turn on the electric heater (5) and monitor the temperature T2 of the phase change material, and go to S204; S204: compare the relative size of the phase change material temperature T2 and the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl , if T2 > T sl , the phase change material has been heated to a liquid state, go to S205, otherwise the phase change material is still in a solid state, return to S203; S205: Turn off the electric heater (5), use the latent heat of the liquid phase change material to delay heat preservation, ensure the working temperature of the battery, and return to S201; S102: When the charging pile is started, trigger the heat-dissipating pulsating heat pipe (301); determine whether the user selects the fast charging mode, and according to the mode, select the appropriate initial fan (6) speed for the condenser end of the heat pipe to dissipate heat; if yes, go to S103A, otherwise go to S103B; S103A: Turn on the fan (6) and adjust the initial speed v0 to v1, and go to S104; v1 is 1500 rpm; S103B: Turn on the fan (6) and adjust the initial speed v0 to v2, and go to S104; v2 is 1000 rpm; S104: During the continuous working of the charging pile, the heat-dissipating pulsating heat pipe (301) starts to run, monitors the temperature T1 of the power module (2), and goes to S105; S105: Adjust the speed of the fan (6) according to the temperature T1 of the power module (2) as an index, and the adjustment curve is as follows: where v m is the maximum rotational speed of the fan (6), which is 3000-4000 rpm, and parameters a and b are calculated from the following formula; enter S106; S106: Determine whether the charging is completed, if yes, go to S107, otherwise return to S104; S107: Keep the speed of the fan (6) as v2, and monitor the temperature T2 of the phase change material, and go to S108; S108: compare the phase change material temperature T2 with the solid-liquid phase change temperature T sl , if T2 > T sl , the phase change material has been solidified, go to S109, otherwise the phase change material is still liquid, go back to S107; S109: Turn off the fan (6), use the latent heat of the solid phase change material to cool and preserve, ensure the working temperature of the battery, and return to S101.

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