A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system

Abstract

A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, including an underwater vehicle energy system, a control system, a propulsion system, a hull, etc. There is a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, a hydrogen buffer tank, a hydrogen fuel cell inside the hull, and a water storage and photolysis device at the top of the bridge, etc., with low sailing resistance. A pressure transmitter is installed inside the hydrogen buffer tank to detect the hydrogen pressure, and the inlet and outlet amount of hydrogen is adjusted in a timely manner through a negative feedback mechanism; the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy; the water storage and photolysis device generates hydrogen by photolyzing the product water of the hydrogen fuel cell for recycling and stores it in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system. The hull adopts the torpedo hull shape with the best resistance; this hydrogen-powered underwater vehicle overcomes the prominent problems of insufficient endurance mileage, long energy replenishment time, high working noise, low energy utilization rate, and serious environmental pollution of existing underwater vehicles, and can significantly improve the endurance during the operation of the underwater vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy fuels, and relates to an underwater vehicle with a high-endurance solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system. Background Art

[0002] The underwater navigation duration and range of an underwater vehicle are performance indicators for measuring a vehicle. To improve the endurance performance of a vehicle in water, increase its working capacity and operating radius, and also to reduce energy waste and pollution, it is crucial to select a suitable energy source.

[0003] Currently, most military underwater vehicles on the market use fossil fuels as the driving energy source, resulting in high working noise, and the Carnot cycle during the combustion process of fossil fuels greatly limits the energy utilization efficiency, not only accelerating the energy crisis but also causing serious environmental pollution; civilian underwater vehicles mainly rely on batteries for power supply, with defects such as short lifespan, high energy consumption, long charging time, and unsatisfactory endurance time, reducing the efficiency of underwater vehicles.

[0004] Hydrogen is a green, efficient, and pollution-free secondary energy source, characterized by rich reserves, wide sources, and high efficiency. It is neither restricted by the decreasing reserves of fossil fuels nor can it be easily converted into electricity and heat. Using hydrogen instead of fossil fuels in underwater vehicles can solve problems such as insufficient endurance mileage, long energy replenishment time, low energy utilization efficiency, and serious environmental pollution, and is a powerful measure to achieve "carbon neutrality".

[0005] The power source of the present invention is an energy system centered on solid-state chemical hydrogen storage technology. Solid-state chemical hydrogen storage technology uses the principle of metals and alloys reacting with H 2 to generate metal hydrides to store H 2 . The efficient storage of hydrogen is a key link in the utilization of hydrogen energy. Currently, common high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technologies all have prominent problems such as high hydrogen storage cost, foreign technology monopoly, poor safety, inconvenient operation, and high energy consumption. Therefore, the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage method with high hydrogen storage density, convenient operation, safe, stable, durable, and excellent cycling characteristics is considered to have greater development potential and a wider future application range. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, solving prominent problems such as insufficient endurance mileage, long energy replenishment time, low energy utilization efficiency, and serious secondary pollution existing in the prior art of underwater vehicle navigation. By adopting a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system and converting hydrogen energy into electrical energy through a hydrogen fuel cell, it has characteristics such as large hydrogen storage capacity, high hydrogen storage efficiency, good safety performance, long endurance time, recyclability, low noise, low resistance, zero carbon emissions, and zero pollution.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, comprising a hull (10), a bridge (6), a water storage and photolysis device (9), a hydrogen fuel cell (5), a console (4), and a steering gear (18). It is characterized in that a water storage and photolysis device (9) is arranged in the bridge (6) of the hull (10), a panoramic camera (1) and a robotic arm (2) are provided at the front end of the hull (10), and a multi-functional interface (2) is provided at the front end of the robotic arm (3); a fixed power system is installed in the middle section of the hull (10);

[0009] The power system includes: the console (4) is connected to the propulsion system (32) and the voltage regulator (31), the voltage regulator (31) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell (5) through the flow transmitter (30), and the hydrogen fuel cell (5) is connected to the oxygen tank (15), the water storage and photolysis device (9), and the hydrogen buffer tank (12) through the pressure transmitter (29) and the hydrogen buffer tank outlet valve (28); the hydrogen buffer tank (12) is connected to the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) through the hydrogen release regulating valve (27), and the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) is connected to the heat exchange fluid tank (14) through the heat exchange fluid outlet valve (24) and the heat exchange fluid inlet valve (26), and a heat exchange fluid circulation pump (23) is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange fluid outlet valve (24); the water storage and photolysis device (9) is connected to the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) through the hydrogen absorption regulating valve (25); a temperature transmitter (22) is provided on the heat exchange fluid tank (14);

[0010] The power system includes a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, a heat exchange fluid system, and a fuel cell power system;

[0011] The propulsion system includes a compressed air tank (16), a floating and sinking tank (17), a tail fin, a steering gear (18), and a propeller (21). The compressed air tank (16) is connected to the floating and sinking tank (17), and a tail fin, a steering gear, and a propeller (21) are provided at the rear end of the hull (10). The tail fin includes an upper tail fin (19) and a lower tail fin (20);

[0012] A hydrogen addition port (8) is provided on the hydrogen addition component (11) at the front end of the hydrogen buffer tank (12);

[0013] An air port (7) is provided on the hull (10) passing through the bridge (6).

[0014] The solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system of the underwater vehicle consists of a reactor and solid hydrogen storage materials. The reactor is in the shape of a metal cylinder. The upper end is the outlet of the heat exchange fluid and the hydrogenation component, and the lower end is the inlet of the heat exchange fluid and the hydrogen outlet. The heat exchange fluid enters and exits the heat exchange fluid chamber through pipes to supply / remove reaction heat. The reactor is filled with solid hydrogen storage materials, and hydrogen storage and release are achieved by removing or supplying heat.

[0015] The hydrogen storage materials filled in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system of the underwater vehicle are rare earth-based materials, which have the advantages of mild hydrogen absorption and release conditions, fast reaction rate, and excellent cycle performance. It can use but is not limited to LaNi 5 、LaNi 4.5 Fe 0.5 、LaNi 4.5 Fe 0.25 Co 0.25 、Mg、MgH 2 、Mg 2 Ni、Ti-V、La-Ni-Fe-Co-Cr-Mn-Mg-V-Ti-Zr and other alloys.

[0016] The heat exchange fluid chamber of the underwater vehicle contains a heat insulation layer, which can effectively reduce heat loss. By intelligently regulating the cooling system and heating system, the heat of the heat exchange fluid during the hydrogenation exothermic process can be stored for dehydrogenation heating, realizing the heat cycle of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release process.

[0017] The hydrogen buffer tank of the underwater vehicle is used to store the hydrogen released from the metal hydride reactor, and provides hydrogen with stable pressure and flow to the hydrogen fuel cell through a pipeline connection. A sealing material is padded at the connection. The two ends of the cylindrical tank body are welded to the ellipsoidal head, and it has good pressure resistance. The buffer tank is equipped with a pressure stabilizing control device, and the opening at the top of the tank is the hydrogen charging and discharging interface.

[0018] The hydrogen fuel cell has two inlet ends: one is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank, and the other is connected to the outlet of the oxygen tank. The outlet end discharges the water generated by the reaction. The discharged water enters the water storage and photolysis device through a pipeline to be photolyzed to generate hydrogen, which can be supplemented and enter the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system.

[0019] The water storage and photolysis device uses but is not limited to modified TiO 2 membrane materials to generate hydrogen by photolyzing the water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell reaction. The hydrogen generated by photolysis enters the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen transmission pipeline for storage, realizing the recycling of hydrogen and improving the energy utilization rate.

[0020] The compressed air tank of the underwater vehicle is a long cylinder. It has a cavity inside, is equipped with a pressure transmitter, and has elliptical heads at both ends, which are welded on both sides and are resistant to high temperature and high pressure. The compressed air tank provides pressure to regulate the amount of seawater entering the buoyancy tank, thereby realizing the floating and sinking of the underwater vehicle.

[0021] The tail fin of the underwater vehicle can achieve a high lift-to-drag ratio; the servo is the core component that controls the movement of the tail rudder, controlling the acceleration, steering and changing the navigation state of the vehicle; the propeller is used to convert the rotational power of the engine into propulsion force.

[0022] The underwater vehicle includes a control system, which consists of a console, various intelligent electronic components and instruments.

[0023] The main electronic components and instruments are as follows: the regulating valve is used to control parameters such as the temperature, flow rate, pressure, etc. and the flow direction of the fluid; the pressure transmitter is used to detect the pressure in the hydrogen buffer tank and the hydrogen storage tank in real time to achieve the control of the entire vehicle; the voltage regulator is used to regulate and stabilize the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0024] The underwater vehicle includes a multi-functional exploration system, which includes but is not limited to a panoramic camera, a robotic arm and a multi-functional interface. The panoramic camera can be used for but is not limited to recording seabed landforms, hydrological information, etc.; the end of the robotic arm is a multi-functional interface, which can connect different functional devices according to diverse tasks. When the underwater vehicle is operating, the control system transmits signals to the multi-functional exploration system to control various functions such as the recording of the camera, the collection and exploration of the robotic arm.

[0025] The hull of the underwater vehicle adopts, but is not limited to, the torpedo hull shape with the optimal resistance determined according to the preferred streamlined rotating body model, which has the advantages of small resistance, low noise, high-speed navigation, simple propulsion system and good controllability.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] Hydrogen energy is recognized as a clean energy source in the 21st century. Hydrogen is a green, efficient, and pollution-free secondary energy source, with characteristics such as abundant reserves, wide sources, and high efficiency. It is neither restricted by the increasingly reduced reserves of fossil fuels nor can it be easily converted into electricity and heat. The product of the combustion or reaction of hydrogen with oxygen is water, and hydrogen is generated again after the hydrolysis of water, without secondary pollution; the chemical energy conversion efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell can theoretically reach 100%, with high energy utilization efficiency. Compared with a storage battery, it greatly increases the endurance time of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system proposed in this invention has advantages such as small hull resistance, low working noise, simple propulsion system, and good maneuverability, and can achieve high-speed long-range navigation. This invention uses hydrogen as fuel, overcoming the prominent problems of existing underwater vehicles such as insufficient endurance mileage, high working noise, long energy replenishment time, low energy utilization efficiency, and serious environmental pollution, and is of great significance for achieving the strategic goal of "carbon neutrality" currently. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 is the overall structural layout diagram of a hydrogen-powered underwater vehicle;

[0029] Figure 2 is the flow chart of the power system of an underwater vehicle;

[0030] Figure 3 is the secondary negative feedback control diagram of the hydrogen storage system;

[0031] Figure 4 is the negative feedback control diagram of the heat exchange fluid system;

[0032] Figure 5 is the control block diagram of the fuel cell power system;

[0033] Figure 6 is the model size diagram of a hydrogen-powered underwater vehicle;

[0034] Figure 7 is the physical model diagram of a hydrogen-powered underwater vehicle;

[0035] Figure 8 is the physical model diagram of a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reactor;

[0036] Figure 9 is the hydrogen release reaction fraction curve diagram of sample 1 of La-Ni-based modified solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material;

[0037] Figure 10 is the hydrogen release reaction fraction curve diagram of sample 2 of La-Ni-based modified solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material;

[0038] Figure 11 is the hydrogen release reaction fraction curve diagram of sample 3 of La-Ni-based modified solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material;

[0039] Figure 12 is LaNi 5 The curve graphs of reaction rate and bed temperature when the hydrogen release pressure is different during hydrogen release.

[0040] Figure 13 is LaNi 5 The curve graphs of reaction rate and bed temperature when the heat exchange fluid temperature is different during hydrogen release.

[0041] Among them, 1 is a panoramic camera; 2 is a multi-functional interface; 3 is a robotic arm; 4 is a console; 5 is a hydrogen fuel cell; 6 is a bridge; 7 is an air inlet; 8 is a hydrogen filling port; 9 is a water storage and photolysis device; 10 is a hull; 11 is a hydrogen filling component; 12 is a hydrogen buffer tank; 13 is a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system; 14 is a heat exchange fluid tank; 15 is an oxygen tank; 16 is a compressed air tank; 17 is a buoyancy tank; 18 is a steering gear; 19 is an upper tail fin; 20 is a lower tail fin; 21 is a propeller; 22 is a temperature transmitter; 23 is a heat exchange fluid circulation pump; 24 is a heat exchange fluid outlet valve; 25 is a hydrogen absorption regulating valve; 26 is a heat exchange fluid inlet valve; 27 is a hydrogen release regulating valve; 28 is a hydrogen buffer tank outlet valve; 29 is a pressure transmitter; 30 is a flow transmitter; 31 is a voltage stabilizer; 32 is a propulsion system. Specific embodiments

[0042] The present invention or utility model will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] As Figure 1 、 2 shown, a high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system includes a hull (10), a bridge (6), a water storage and photolysis device (9), a hydrogen fuel cell (5), a console (4), and a steering gear (18). It is characterized in that a water storage and photolysis device (9) is arranged in the bridge (6) of the hull (10), a panoramic camera (1) and a robotic arm (2) are arranged at the front end of the hull (10), and a multi-functional interface (2) is arranged at the front end of the robotic arm (3); a fixed power system is installed in the middle section of the hull (10).

[0044] The described power system includes: A console (4) is connected to a propulsion system (32) and a pressure regulator (31). The pressure regulator (31) is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell (5) via a homogeneous flow transmitter (30). The hydrogen fuel cell (5) is connected to an oxygen tank (15), a water electrolysis hydrogen storage device (9), and a hydrogen buffer tank (12) through a pressure transmitter (29) and a hydrogen buffer tank outlet valve (28); The hydrogen buffer tank (12) is connected to a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) through a hydrogen release regulating valve (27). The solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) is connected to a heat exchange fluid storage tank (14) through a heat exchange fluid outlet valve (24) and a heat exchange fluid inlet valve (26). A heat exchange fluid circulation pump (23) is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange fluid outlet valve (24); The water electrolysis hydrogen storage device (9) is connected to the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) through a hydrogen absorption regulating valve (25); A temperature transmitter (22) is provided on the heat exchange fluid storage tank (14);

[0045] The described power system includes a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, a heat exchange fluid system, and a fuel cell power system;

[0046] The described propulsion system includes a compressed air tank (16), a diving and surfacing tank (17), a tail fin, a steering gear (18), and a propeller (21). The compressed air tank (16) is connected to the diving and surfacing tank (17). At the rear end of the hull (10), there are a tail fin, a steering gear, and a propeller (21). The tail fin includes an upper tail fin (19) and a lower tail fin (20);

[0047] A hydrogen filling component (11) at the front end of the hydrogen buffer tank (12) is provided with a hydrogen filling port (8);

[0048] The hull (10) is provided with an air port (7) passing through the bridge (6).

[0049] The solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system of the underwater vehicle consists of a reactor and solid-state hydrogen storage materials. The reactor is in the shape of a metal cylinder. The upper end is the outlet of the heat exchange fluid and the hydrogen filling component, and the lower end is the inlet of the heat exchange fluid and the hydrogen outlet. The heat exchange fluid enters and exits the heat exchange fluid storage tank through pipes to supply / remove the reaction heat. The reactor is filled with solid-state hydrogen storage materials, and hydrogen storage and release are achieved by removing or supplying heat.

[0050] The hydrogen storage materials filled in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system of the underwater vehicle are rare earth-based materials, which have the advantages of mild hydrogen absorption and release conditions, fast reaction rate, and excellent cycle performance. It can be used but is not limited to LaNi 5 、LaNi 4.5 Fe 0.5 、LaNi 4.5 Fe 0.25 Co 0.25 、Mg、MgH 2 、Mg 2Alloys such as Ni, Ti-V, La-Ni-Fe-Co-Cr-Mn-Mg-V-Ti-Zr, etc.

[0051] The heat exchange fluid chamber of the underwater vehicle contains a thermal insulation layer, which can effectively reduce heat loss. By intelligently regulating the cooling system and the heating system, the heat of the heat exchange fluid during the hydrogenation exothermic process can be stored and used for dehydrogenation heating, realizing the heat cycle of the solid-state hydrogen storage and release process.

[0052] The hydrogen buffer tank of the underwater vehicle is used to store the hydrogen released from the metal hydride reactor, and through a pipeline connection, it provides hydrogen with stable pressure and flow rate to the hydrogen fuel cell. A sealing material is padded at the connection. The two ends of the cylindrical tank body are welded to the ellipsoidal head, and it has good pressure resistance. The buffer tank is equipped with a pressure stabilizing control device, and the opening at the top of the tank is the hydrogen charging and discharging interface.

[0053] The hydrogen fuel cell described has two inlet ends: one is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank, and the other is connected to the outlet of the oxygen tank. The outlet end discharges the water generated by the reaction. The discharged water enters the water storage and photolysis device through a pipeline and is photolyzed to generate hydrogen, which can be supplemented and enter the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system.

[0054] The water storage and photolysis device described uses, but is not limited to, modified TiO 2 membrane material to generate hydrogen by photolyzing the water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell reaction. The hydrogen generated after photolysis enters the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen transmission pipeline for storage, realizing the recycling of hydrogen and improving the energy utilization rate.

[0055] The compressed air tank of the underwater vehicle is a long cylinder. It has a cavity inside, is equipped with a pressure transmitter, and has elliptical heads at both ends, which are welded on both sides and are resistant to high temperature and high pressure. The pressure provided by the compressed air tank regulates the amount of seawater entering the buoyancy tank, thereby realizing the floating and sinking of the underwater vehicle.

[0056] The tail fin of the underwater vehicle can achieve a relatively high lift-to-drag ratio; the servo is the core component that controls the movement of the tail rudder, controlling the acceleration, steering and changing the navigation state of the vehicle; the propeller is used to convert the rotational power of the engine into propulsion force.

[0057] The underwater vehicle includes a control system, which is composed of a console, various intelligent electronic components and instruments.

[0058] The main electronic components and instruments are as follows: the regulating valve is used to control parameters such as the temperature, flow rate, pressure, etc. and the flow direction of the fluid; the pressure transmitter is used to detect the pressure in the hydrogen buffer tank and the hydrogen storage tank in real time to realize the control of the entire vehicle; the voltage regulator is used to regulate and stabilize the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0059] The underwater vehicle includes a multi-functional exploration system, which includes, but is not limited to, a panoramic camera, a robotic arm, and a multi-functional interface. The panoramic camera can be used for, but is not limited to, recording seabed topography, hydrological information, etc.; the end of the robotic arm is a multi-functional interface, which can connect different functional devices according to diverse tasks. When the underwater vehicle is operating, the control system transmits signals to the multi-functional exploration system to control various functions such as the recording of the camera, the collection and exploration of the robotic arm.

[0060] The hull of the underwater vehicle adopts, but is not limited to, the optimal resistance torpedo shape determined according to the preferred streamlined body of revolution model, which has the advantages of small resistance, low noise, high-speed navigation, simple propulsion system, and good maneuverability.

[0061] The working process of the present invention is:

[0062] As Figure 1 shown, a water storage and photolysis device 9 is installed at the top of the bridge 6. Under sufficient light conditions, the hydrogen generated by the photolysis of the product water of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be directly stored in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 for recycling to continuously supply hydrogen to the underwater vehicle. A high-endurance solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 and a hydrogen fuel cell 5 are arranged inside the hull 10.

[0063] As Figure 2 shown, when the underwater vehicle starts, the heat exchange fluid inlet valve 26 and the heat exchange fluid outlet valve 24 are opened, the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 and the heat exchange fluid circulation pump 23 start to work, the heat exchange fluid enters the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13, the hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, and through the pipeline, it goes from the hydrogen buffer tank 12 to the hydrogen fuel cell 5 to be converted into electrical energy, and then is transmitted to the console 4 through the voltage regulator 30 to control the propulsion system 31 to work.

[0064] When the underwater vehicle is operating, through the secondary negative feedback control module of the hydrogen storage system, the opening degree of the hydrogen release regulating valve 27 is controlled to change the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 5, and the propulsion system 31 of the underwater vehicle is adjusted through the console 4 to change the navigation tasks such as acceleration, deceleration, and turning during operation.

[0065] When the underwater vehicle stops working, the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 is disconnected, the heat exchange fluid inlet valve 26 and the hydrogen release regulating valve 27 are closed, the heat exchange fluid outlet valve 24 and the heat exchange fluid circulation pump 23 are closed after a delay, the heat exchange fluid inside the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 is pumped out, and the heat exchange fluid stops heating the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13. A small amount of hydrogen generated by the waste heat inside the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 enters the hydrogen buffer tank 12 to provide preparatory power before the next operation.

[0066] As Figure 3As shown, it is the control module of the fuel cell power system. During the hydrogen absorption process, the heat exchange fluid is the cold fluid, and hydrogen is stored in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 and the hydrogen buffer tank 12. The hydrogen storage material in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 can store a large amount of hydrogen. The hydrogen buffer tank 12 is connected to the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 to play a buffering role. When releasing hydrogen, the heat exchange fluid is the hot fluid. The hydrogen storage material in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, which enters the hydrogen fuel cell 5 through the hydrogen buffer tank 12. The water vapor generated by the reaction with oxygen in the oxygen tank 15 enters the water storage and photolysis device 9, and under sufficient light conditions, it can directly photolyze the product water of the hydrogen fuel cell 5 to generate hydrogen, which is stored in the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13 for recycling. After the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 5 enters the voltage regulator 30 and is stabilized to a certain value, it passes through the console 4 to control the propulsion system 31 to change the operating states of the vehicle, such as speed, elevation, and steering.

[0067] As Figure 4 shown, it is the secondary negative feedback control module of the hydrogen storage system. The hydrogen fuel cell 5 controls the generated electric quantity by controlling the flow rate of the inlet hydrogen. When the actual output electric quantity is lower than the set value, the opening of the hydrogen release regulating valve 27 is increased through the negative feedback system, the hydrogen quantity entering the hydrogen fuel cell 5 is increased, and the output electric quantity is increased to the set value. When the actual output electric quantity is higher than the set value, the opening of the hydrogen release regulating valve 27 is decreased through the negative feedback system, the hydrogen quantity entering the hydrogen fuel cell 5 is decreased, and the output electric quantity is decreased to the set value.

[0068] The flow rate of the heat exchange fluid is controlled to control the hydrogen release amount of the hydrogen storage reactor. The hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank 12 is detected by the pressure transmitter 29. When the actual value is lower than the set hydrogen pressure, the negative feedback system controls the opening of the heat exchange fluid inlet valve 26 to increase, increases the heat exchange amount of the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13, increases its hydrogen release amount, and raises the hydrogen pressure to the set value. When the actual value is higher than the set hydrogen pressure, the negative feedback system controls the opening of the heat exchange fluid inlet valve 26 to decrease, reduces the heat exchange amount of the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system 13, reduces its hydrogen release amount, and lowers the hydrogen pressure to the set value.

[0069] As Figure 5 shown, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid inside the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 is monitored by the temperature transmitter 22. During the hydrogen release process, when the fluid temperature is lower than the set hydrogen release temperature of the hydrogen storage material, the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 starts to heat the fluid. When the actual fluid temperature value is higher than the set value, the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 stops heating. During the hydrogen absorption process, when the fluid temperature is higher than the set hydrogen release temperature of the hydrogen storage material, the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 starts to cool the fluid. When the actual fluid temperature value is lower than the set value, the heat exchange fluid chamber 14 stops cooling.

[0070] As Figure 6The figure shows the model size diagram of a high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, with the main dimensions of the underwater vehicle marked. The length of the vehicle is 1.5 meters, and the radius at the widest part of the hull is 0.2 meters. A physical model was made after being scaled down by a factor of 2 in equal proportion.

[0071] As Figure 7 shown, it is the physical model diagram of a hydrogen-powered underwater vehicle, and the total length of the model is about 0.75 m. The hull is an optimized torpedo hull shape with the best resistance based on the Myring equation; the tail fin uses the NACA0012 airfoil to achieve a high lift-to-drag ratio.

[0072] As Figure 8 shown, it is the physical model diagram of a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reactor. The solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reactor stores hydrogen by filling hydrogen storage materials. The internal structure includes hydrogen pipes and heat exchange fluid channels: hydrogen diffuses from the wall surface of the hydrogen pipe into the reaction bed and then participates in the reaction; the heat exchange fluid pipeline is a spiral tube type, which can reduce the stress generated by volume expansion during the reaction, increase the fluid turbulence intensity, and reduce the thermal resistance of the heat transfer fluid.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] In order to further verify that this underwater vehicle has the performance of high hydrogen storage and rapid hydrogen release, taking the spiral tube microchannel reactor developed by our research group in the early stage as an example, the high-performance La-Ni-based modified solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material sample 1 developed by our research group was filled for experimental verification of the high-endurance performance of the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reactor:

[0075] The hydrogen release reaction is an endothermic process. Therefore, a high initial temperature has a fast reaction rate. In the hydrogen release reaction of sample 1, the research initial temperatures were 523 K, 548 K, and 573 K. At Figure 9 which:

[0076] When T = 523 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.63;

[0077] When T = 548 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.82;

[0078] When T = 573 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.89;

[0079] Therefore, in the hydrogen release state, combined with sample 1 used in this study, it can be seen that maintaining the temperature at about 573 K can achieve the required hydrogen release speed and efficiency.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Taking the spiral tube microchannel reactor developed by our research group in the early stage as an example, the high-performance La-Ni series modified solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material sample 2 developed by our research group was filled for experiments to verify the high endurance performance of the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reactor:

[0082] In the hydrogen release reaction of sample 2, the initial temperatures studied were 523 K, 548 K, and 573 K. At Figure 10 in:

[0083] When T = 523 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.41;

[0084] When T = 548 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.65;

[0085] When T = 573 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.84;

[0086] Therefore, in the hydrogen release state, based on sample 2 used in this study, it can be seen that when the temperature is maintained at about 573 K, the required hydrogen release rate and efficiency can be achieved.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] Taking the spiral tube microchannel reactor developed by our research group in the early stage as an example, the high-performance La-Ni series modified solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material sample 3 developed by our research group was filled for experiments to verify the high endurance performance of the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reactor:

[0089] The hydrogen release reaction of sample 3 is an endothermic process. Therefore, a higher initial temperature has a faster reaction rate. In the hydrogen release reaction, the initial temperatures studied were 523 K, 548 K, and 573 K. At Figure 11 in:

[0090] When T = 523 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.28;

[0091] When T = 548 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.61;

[0092] When T = 573 K, the hydrogen release reaction fraction within 1000 s was 0.76;

[0093] Therefore, in the hydrogen release state, based on sample 3 used in this study, it can be seen that when the temperature is maintained at about 573 K, the required hydrogen release rate and efficiency can be achieved.

[0094] Example 4

[0095] Using simulation software to simulate and analyze the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reaction system, based on filling the traditional solid-state chemical hydrogen storage material LaNi 5The heat and mass transfer performance simulation of the hydrogen release reaction was carried out under the hydrogen storage capacity (1.56 kg) and hydrogen storage amount (21.5 g).

[0096] For the hydrogen release stage, the lower the pressure, the greater the driving force of the hydrogen release reaction and the faster the reaction rate. However, the degree of change is small, that is, the sensitivity of the hydrogen release performance to pressure change is weak. Considering that negative pressure operation is required when the pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, that is, a vacuum pump is used to maintain a certain vacuum degree, this process consumes too much energy. Therefore, 0.1 MPa is selected as the optimal hydrogen release pressure during hydrogen release, such as Figure 12 .

[0097] The hydrogen release reaction is an endothermic process. Therefore, a high initial temperature has a fast reaction rate. In the hydrogen release reaction, the initial temperatures studied are 333 K, 343 K, 353 K, 363 K and 373 K. In Figure 13 , at P = 0.1 MPa and the reaction fraction is 0.1 (90% of the hydrogen release reaction is completed), the maximum hydrogen release amounts corresponding to different temperatures are as follows:

[0098] When T = 333 K, the time required for a hydrogen release amount of 19.35 g is 268 s;

[0099] When T = 343 K, the time required for a hydrogen release amount of 19.35 g is 235 s;

[0100] When T = 353 K, the time required for a hydrogen release amount of 19.35 g is 176 s;

[0101] When T = 363 K, the time required for a hydrogen release amount of 19.35 g is 165 s;

[0102] When T = 373 K, the time required for a hydrogen release amount of 19.35 g is 142 s;

[0103] This solid-state chemical hydrogen storage reaction has a high hydrogen storage density and a fast reaction rate, and is suitable for the application of hydrogen energy storage.

[0104] The power of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention is set to 500 W suitable for small devices. The energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is much higher than that of the heat engine. The energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is between 70 - 80%. Therefore, the present invention calculates the endurance time at an energy conversion rate of 75%.

[0105] It is known that the calorific value of hydrogen is 1.43×10 8 J / kg. Then the calorific value of the hydrogen stored in a single hydrogen storage tank is 3.07×10 6 J, and the converted energy is 2.3×10 6 J. Therefore, the endurance time is 1.3 h.

[0106] In summary, the hydrogen (21.50 g) stored in a single hydrogen storage reactor can provide the vehicle with a cruising range of approximately 1.3 h. Sufficient space is reserved when designing the vehicle to accommodate multiple hydrogen storage reactors. When three hydrogen storage reactors are connected in series in the vehicle, its maximum cruising time is approximately 4 h.

Claims

1. A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, comprising a hull (10), a bridge (6), a water electrolysis device for hydrogen storage (9), a hydrogen fuel cell (5), a console (4), a steering gear (18), characterized in that, a water electrolysis device for hydrogen storage (9) is arranged in the bridge (6) of the hull (10), a panoramic camera (1) and a robotic arm (2) are provided at the front end of the hull (10), and a multi-functional interface (2) is provided at the front end of the robotic arm (3); a fixed power system is installed in the middle section of the hull (10); the said power system includes: the console (4) is connected to the propulsion system (32) and the voltage stabilizer (31), the voltage stabilizer (31) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell (5) through the flow transmitter (30), and the hydrogen fuel cell (5) is connected to the oxygen tank (15), the water electrolysis device for hydrogen storage (9) and the hydrogen buffer tank (12) through the pressure transmitter (29) and the hydrogen buffer tank outlet valve (28); the hydrogen buffer tank (12) is connected to the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) through the hydrogen release regulating valve (27), and the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) is connected to the heat exchange fluid storage tank (14) through the heat exchange fluid outlet valve (24) and the heat exchange fluid inlet valve (26), and a heat exchange fluid circulation pump (23) is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange fluid outlet valve (24); the water electrolysis device for hydrogen storage (9) is connected to the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system (13) through the hydrogen absorption regulating valve (25); a temperature transmitter (22) is provided on the heat exchange fluid storage tank (14); the said power system includes a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system, a heat exchange fluid system, and a fuel cell power system; the said propulsion system includes a compressed air tank (16), a floating and sinking tank (17), a tail fin, a steering gear (18), a propeller (21), the compressed air tank (16) is connected to the floating and sinking tank (17), the rear end of the hull (10) is provided with a tail fin, a steering gear, and a propeller (21), and the tail fin includes an upper tail fin (19) and a lower tail fin (20); a hydrogen addition component (11) at the front end of the hydrogen buffer tank (12) is provided with a hydrogen addition port (8); the said hull (10) is provided with an air port (7) passing through the bridge (6).

2. The high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the said solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system is composed of a reactor and a solid-state hydrogen storage material. The reactor is in the shape of a metal steel cylinder tank, with an outlet for the heat exchange fluid and a hydrogen addition component at the upper end, and an inlet for the heat exchange fluid and a hydrogen outlet at the lower end. The heat exchange fluid enters and exits the heat exchange fluid storage tank through pipelines to supply / remove the reaction heat. The reactor is filled with a solid-state hydrogen storage material, and hydrogen storage and release are realized by removing or supplying heat.

3. The high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solid hydrogen storage material for filling is a rare earth-based material, including but not limited to LaNi 5 , LaNi 4.5 Fe 0.5 , LaNi 4.5 Fe 0.25 Co 0.25 , Mg, MgH 2 , Mg 2 Ni, Ti-V, La-Ni-Fe-Co-Cr-Mn-Mg-V-Ti-Zr and other alloys.

4. The high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the said heat exchange fluid storage tank contains a heat insulation layer and an intelligent control cooling system and heating system.

5. The high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical tank body of the hydrogen buffer tank is welded to the ellipsoidal heads at both ends. The buffer tank is equipped with a voltage stabilization control device, and the opening at the top of the tank is the hydrogen charging and discharging interface; the hydrogen fuel cell has two inlet ends: one is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank, and the other is connected to the outlet of the oxygen tank. The water generated by the reaction is discharged from the outlet end, and the discharged water enters the water storage and photolysis device through a pipeline to be photolyzed to generate hydrogen, which can be supplemented and enter the solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system.

6. A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that The described water storage and photolysis device uses, but is not limited to, modified TiO 2 membrane materials.

7. A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that The compressed air tank is a long cylinder with a cavity inside, equipped with a pressure transmitter, and has elliptical heads at both ends with double-sided welding.

8. A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that The control console, various intelligent electronic components and instruments form a control system. The main electronic components and instruments include a regulating valve for controlling the temperature, flow rate, pressure parameters and flow direction of the fluid; a pressure transmitter for real-time detection of the pressure in the hydrogen buffer tank and the hydrogen storage tank; a voltage regulator for regulating and stabilizing the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell; The control system controls the panoramic camera and the robotic arm. The multi-functional interface at the end of the robotic arm can be connected to different functional devices according to diverse tasks.

9. A high-endurance underwater vehicle based on a solid-state chemical hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that The hull of the vehicle adopts, but is not limited to, the torpedo hull shape with the optimal resistance determined according to the preferred streamlined rotating body model.

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