A screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method and device, the manufacturing method comprises: rotating the screw-type electrode in a barrel; mixing metal salt powder introduced from a main feed port evenly under the rotation of the screw-type electrode; injecting a main salt solvent from a liquid inlet, dissolving the metal salt powder under the condition of the rotation of the screw-type electrode, and escaping the gas generated by the dissolution through an exhaust hole; putting additives required for electrodeposition into a secondary feed port; receiving part of the deposition liquid from an internal circulation channel by a liquid pump and returning the received deposition liquid to the barrel through a circulation liquid inlet, and the remaining deposition liquid flows out from a deposition nozzle; adjusting the rotation speed of the screw-type electrode so that the deposition nozzle flows out a stable liquid beam; controlling the displacement of the screw-type nozzle assembly in three-dimensional space, and applying a pulse voltage between the screw-type electrode and a processing substrate at the same time, so that the charged metal ions in the liquid beam complete electrochemical deposition layer by layer on the surface of the processing substrate to be processed, thereby realizing three-dimensional microstructure molding preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical deposition processing, and in particular relates to a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electro-deposition additive manufacturing method and device. Background Art

[0002] In recent decades, with the rapid development of aerospace, microelectronics, and medical devices, the requirements for the size and precision of parts have become increasingly higher, and the requirements for processing technology and equipment have also posed greater challenges. These parts may have complex three-dimensional structures and micro-nano feature scales, and the processing requires high precision and high consistency. Common 3D printing technologies such as molten deposition are difficult to process three-dimensional complex structures with micro-nano feature scales. Although electrofluidic 3D printing technology has the ability to process micro-nano feature scales, its wide use in industry is limited by its harsh processing conditions and slow processing rate. In addition, in fields such as aerospace, the required micro-nano parts may need to operate under extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and strong corrosion environments. In this case, it is difficult for single metal element parts to meet the above requirements, so multi-element alloy materials are often required to prepare parts. Due to the slow processing rate of electrofluidic 3D printing technology, the working fluid is not updated in time, the tube is easy to be blocked, and the liquid beam has poor stability. Therefore, the processed multi-element alloys have many defects such as low strength and poor surface quality.

[0003] A Chinese patent application numbered 201710909585.2 filed on March 20, 2018 discloses an electrofluidic printing method for a printed substrate with a stacked structure, which uses a monitoring module to monitor the capacitance data between the nozzle and the substrate and associates the capacitance data with the printing height, and uses the capacitance data to reflect the height during the printing process, thereby avoiding contact between the nozzle and the printed substrate and improving the uniformity of the printed pattern. The above electrofluidic printing method only solves the contact problem between the nozzle and the substrate, and does not involve the circulation of the working solution in the tube, the formation method of the deposited liquid beam, and the preparation of multi-element alloys.

[0004] A Chinese patent application numbered 201711313200.2 filed on June 12, 2018, discloses a robot arc additive and subtractive forming device and method. Its main feature is to use CAD technology to establish a corresponding three-dimensional model for the product to be processed, obtain the information required for processing control, and then use the robot arc additive and laser cutting subtractive composite processing methods in sequence to process the product according to the set path to obtain the required parts. The subtractive processing scheme adopted in this method is laser cutting, which can only achieve simple contour processing, while other processing equipment is required for complex morphology workpieces. At the same time, laser processing has great restrictions on the thickness of the workpiece. Arc additive is suitable for the processing of ordinary macroscopic size features, but cannot achieve the processing of micro-sized parts. In addition, the cost of laser processing is too high to be popularized at this stage.

[0005] A Chinese patent application numbered 202111437193.3 filed on December 28, 2021, discloses a selective jet electrodeposition surface modification device. Its main feature is to achieve deposition areas of different areas per unit time by selecting plating solution nozzles of different diameters, changing the contact length between the movable anode rod and the plating solution, and controlling the particle concentration. Different processing parameters are used according to different selected surface areas to achieve electroplating products with certain differences in different areas. Although the device can achieve targeted processing in different areas, it will be restricted by the humidity of the external environment, and the processing effect may not be ideal under low humidity conditions.

[0006] The Chinese patent application number 202111578227.0 filed on March 25, 2022 discloses an electrochemical 3D printing device and method based on a hollow AFM cantilever probe. Its main features are that the fine-tuning mechanism is fixed to the base, the USB optical microscope is installed on the fine-tuning mechanism, the fixing device is fixedly connected to the fine-tuning mechanism, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror is sleeved on the nozzle device, the nozzle device, the semiconductor laser and the position-sensitive detector are installed on the fixing device, the combined high-speed scanner is fixedly connected to the fine-tuning mechanism, and the printing chamber is fixed on the combined high-speed scanner. The advantage is that the hollow AFM cantilever probe is combined with the electrochemical deposition technology, and the hollow AFM cantilever probe is used to achieve microscopic manipulation, which greatly improves the printing accuracy. The disadvantage is that it does not fundamentally solve the problem of untimely renewal of the solution in the tube during the electrodeposition process.

[0007] The Chinese patent application number 202210274367.7 filed on May 6, 2022 discloses an electrodeposition preparation device and method for a porous surface with a gradient structure. The main feature is that at least one temperature control device is provided on the electrolytic cell, in the electrolyte, on the anode or on the cathode to form a temperature gradient field distribution for the electrolyte on the cathode surface; the temperature control device forms a gradient-distributed temperature field between the electrolyte and the cathode surface, and causes directional convection inside the electrolyte, forming a gradient-distributed reaction rate on the cathode surface, thereby obtaining a porous surface with a gradient structure by electrodeposition, and then constructing a temperature gradient working condition similar to the actual application scenario of heat dissipation of the porous surface, so that the gradient distribution and growth morphology of metal ion deposition are adapted to the actual application conditions, thereby enhancing the heat transfer performance of the porous surface. However, its scope of application is only applicable to adaptive deposition on porous surfaces, and cannot be applied to the preparation of complex three-dimensional structures. Summary of the invention

[0008] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method in view of the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device for implementing a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method proposed in the present invention.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Material preparation: preparing metal salt powder, main salt solvent and additives compatible with the metal deposition layer to be prepared;

[0012] S2, feeding: the screw electrode is rotated in the barrel by a rotating driving device; metal salt powder is put in from the main feed port, and the metal salt powder is mixed evenly under the action of the rotation of the screw electrode; the main salt solvent is injected from the liquid inlet, and the metal salt powder is dissolved under the condition of the rotation of the screw electrode, and the gas generated during the dissolution escapes through the exhaust hole; the additives required in the electrodeposition process are put in the auxiliary feed port;

[0013] S3, start the internal circulation: receive part of the deposition liquid from the internal circulation channel through the liquid pump and send the received deposition liquid back into the barrel through the circulation liquid inlet, and the rest of the deposition liquid flows out from the deposition nozzle;

[0014] S4, forming a stable liquid beam: adjusting the rotation speed of the screw electrode to change the downforce, so that the deposition nozzle flows out a stable liquid beam for electrochemical deposition additive manufacturing;

[0015] S5, Electrodeposition Additive: Control the displacement of the screw nozzle assembly in three-dimensional space, and apply a pulse voltage between the screw electrode and the processing substrate. Under the action of the pulse voltage, the charged metal ions inside the liquid jet undergo an electrochemical deposition reaction on the surface of the processing substrate to be processed, completing the electrochemical deposition layer by layer to achieve three-dimensional microstructure molding and preparation.

[0016] Optionally, the manufacturing method is used to achieve single metal deposition, multi-element alloy co-deposition or multi-element alloy layered deposition; during the single metal deposition process, the metal salt powder fed into the main feed port is a single metal salt powder; during the multi-element alloy co-deposition process, the metal salt powder fed into the main feed port is a plurality of metal salt powders; during the multi-element alloy layered deposition process, each layer of metal salt powder fed into the main feed port is a single metal salt powder, and a single metal is deposited after the single metal salt powder is fully dissolved in the solvent. After the single metal layer deposition is completed, the solution in the barrel is discharged through the liquid outlet; and the single metal salt powder required for the second layer is put into the main feed port for the second layer of single metal deposition, and the above steps are repeated to achieve multi-element alloy layered deposition.

[0017] Optionally, the additive introduced from the auxiliary feed port is a soluble additive or a poorly soluble additive, the soluble additive is one or a combination of animal and plant glue, surfactant, foaming agent, conductive salt, brightener and buffer; the animal and plant glue is an amino acid; the surfactant is one or a combination of bromide ion solutions such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or chloride ion solutions such as hydrochloric acid; the foaming agent is one or a combination of gypsum and water glass; the conductive salt is one or a combination of barium carbonate, strontium carbonate, sodium nitrate and calcium fluoride; the brightener is one or a combination of saccharin, ammonia water and ethylenediamine; the buffer is one or a combination of boric acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and citrate; the poorly soluble additive is a poorly soluble non-metallic powder, and the poorly soluble non-metallic powder is one or a combination of ceramics, silicon carbide and graphene; the main salt solvent type injected from the liquid inlet is an organic solvent or an inorganic solvent, and the organic solvent is one or a combination of ethanol, ethylene, methanol and benzene; the inorganic solvent is deionized water.

[0018] The present invention also provides a screw electrode rotary pressurized electroplating additive manufacturing device, characterized in that it includes a screw nozzle assembly, the screw nozzle assembly includes a screw electrode, a barrel, a nozzle body, a deposition nozzle and a rotation drive device for driving the screw electrode to rotate; a through hole is axially provided inside the barrel, and the side wall of the barrel is provided with a main feed inlet for placing metal salt powder, a liquid inlet for placing a main salt solvent, an exhaust hole for discharging gas products generated by the dissolution of the metal salt powder, and a secondary feed inlet for placing additives; the nozzle body is installed at the bottom of the barrel and is connected to the inside of the barrel; the deposition nozzle is connected to the bottom of the nozzle body and is connected to the inside of the nozzle body; one end of the screw electrode is located in the barrel, and the other end is connected to the output shaft of the rotation drive device.

[0019] Optionally, the nozzle body is of a straight-row type, a cavity channel is provided inside the nozzle body, the top of the cavity channel is connected to the barrel, and the deposition nozzle is installed at the bottom of the cavity channel.

[0020] Alternatively, the nozzle body is of a straight-row type, a cavity channel is provided inside the nozzle body, the top of the cavity channel is connected to the inside of the barrel, and a multi-deposition nozzle is installed at the bottom of the cavity channel. The multi-deposition nozzle includes a cavity connected to the cavity channel in the nozzle body and more than two deposition nozzles connected to the bottom of the cavity.

[0021] Optionally, the nozzle body is of a circulation type, and an internal circulation channel is arranged inside the nozzle body. The internal circulation channel includes a cavity channel connected to the interior of the barrel and a fluid channel passing through the cavity channel. A circulation outlet is provided at the end of the fluid channel, and one or more deposition nozzles are installed on the side wall of the fluid channel facing the external processing substrate to be processed.

[0022] Furthermore, the barrel is also provided with a circulating liquid inlet connected to the inside of the barrel; the circulating liquid outlet of the internal circulation channel is connected to the circulating liquid inlet through a pipeline to form an internal circulation loop; the deposition liquid flows back into the barrel from the circulating liquid inlet after passing through the circulating fluid channel.

[0023] Furthermore, the internal circulation loop includes a liquid pump, a recovery pipeline and a circulation pipeline. The inlet of the liquid pump is connected to the circulation outlet of the internal circulation channel through the recovery pipeline, and the outlet of the liquid pump is connected to the circulation inlet through the circulation pipeline.

[0024] Furthermore, the screw electrode is a variable pitch screw electrode, an embedded screw electrode or an equidistant screw electrode; the deposition nozzle is a liquid beam nozzle or an electrospray nozzle; the nozzle hole of the liquid beam nozzle is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse or a polygon;

[0025] Furthermore, the number of the fluid channels is more than one, the fluid channels are circular channels, oblique channels or straight channels, and the cross-sectional shape of the fluid channels is circular or polygonal.

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The present invention utilizes a rotating screw electrode to form a stable liquid beam at the deposition port under the downward pressure generated by the rotation of the metal salt solution. Compared with the conventional jet electrodeposition method of using a high-voltage pulse power supply to pull the liquid beam, the method of generating a liquid beam based on the rotation of the screw electrode does not require a high-voltage pulse power supply, and at the same time, the internal circulation of the deposition liquid replaces the traditional external circulation of the working liquid, which simplifies the processing system structure and reduces the processing cost; under the rotation of the screw electrode, the metal salt and the solvent are fully mixed; when the additives used include insoluble additives such as ceramics and silicon carbide particles, the rotation of the screw electrode helps the insoluble reinforcing phase particles to form a uniform suspension in the barrel, so that the reinforcing phase particles in the prepared parts are evenly distributed and have better mechanical properties. Therefore, the present invention is a simple and efficient electrochemical additive manufacturing method.

[0028] (2) When the present invention adopts a circulating nozzle, the deposition liquid is circulated rapidly in the internal circulation loop, which solves the problems of slow working liquid renewal and high environmental humidity requirements in the traditional jet electrodeposition process, and improves the metal ion renewal transmission efficiency and processing efficiency.

[0029] (3) The present invention has a main feed port, a secondary feed port and an exhaust port. By distinguishing the inlet of metal salt powder from the inlet of additives, it helps to avoid the problem of clogging in the material pipe caused by adding multiple additives and metal salt powder at the same time, and prevents the metal salt powder and some additives from chemically reacting before dissolving, thereby affecting the processing process. In addition, the gas products generated by the dissolution will also escape from the exhaust port, avoiding the gas products from affecting the quality of the processed parts.

[0030] (4) The screw electrode inside the nozzle of the method of the present invention can adopt single-screw rotation or multi-screw rotation, and the type of screw electrode can be variable pitch, embedded or equidistant. Screw electrodes of any specifications and sizes can be selected according to different process requirements and nozzle designs. The variable pitch screw electrode increases the stirring and mixing time by changing the pitch, thereby achieving full dissolution of the metal salt powder; the embedded screw electrode embeds small blades between large blades to increase the stirring intensity of the solution and powder in the tube; and the stirring intensity of the solution in the material tube is enhanced by increasing the number of spiral electrodes. In addition, the rotation of the screw electrode provides thrust for the transmission of metal salt powder and additives, effectively promoting the mutual dissolution between metal salt powder, additives and solvents and improving the uniformity of the particle suspension, thereby reducing the clogging of the screw nozzle assembly and improving the fluidity of the deposition liquid in the barrel.

[0031] (5) The present invention can realize the preparation of multi-element metal alloy three-dimensional structure or multi-element metal layered three-dimensional structure by changing the metal salt powder composition at the feed port, thereby expanding the preparation range of three-dimensional materials and enabling targeted electrodeposition processing of different areas.

[0032] (6) The present invention can select different types of deposition channels, and can perform single deposition or array processing according to different processing requirements. Circular channels are helpful for the renewal of the solution in the tube; oblique channels can improve the anti-interference of the liquid beam; curved channels are suitable for array processing; and special-shaped channels can also be designed and used for other special needs.

[0033] (7) The method of the present invention achieves switching between jet electrodeposition and meniscus deposition by changing the rotation speed of the screw electrode. When the screw electrode rotates at high speed, the pressure at the deposition nozzle increases, and more solution gathers at the deposition port to form a stable liquid beam, thereby achieving jet electrochemical deposition; when the screw electrode rotates at low speed, the pressure at the deposition nozzle decreases, and the solution forms a meniscus at the deposition port, thereby achieving meniscus deposition. The present invention can achieve switching between electrospray deposition and jet electrodeposition by replacing the deposition nozzle, and can achieve range electrospray deposition by replacing the liquid beam nozzle with the electrospray nozzle. The method of the present invention expands the processing means of electrochemical deposition, and a matching electrochemical processing method can be selected according to the processing characteristics of different parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more clear.

[0035] Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the structure of the co-deposition of a multi-element alloy provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 1b A schematic diagram of the structure of multi-element metal layered deposition provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a variable pitch screw electrode that can be used in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embedded screw-type electrode that can be used in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3c This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an equidistant screw-type electrode that can be used in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3d This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a twin-screw electrode that can be used in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4a A cross-sectional view of an electrospray nozzle that can be used in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4b A cross-sectional view of a liquid jet nozzle that can be used in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a multi-deposition nozzle according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to Example 3 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7a A cross-sectional view of a circulating nozzle body provided with a circular flow channel provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7b A cross-sectional view of a circulating nozzle body provided with an oblique flow channel provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7c A cross-sectional view of a circulating nozzle body provided with a straight flow channel provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7d A cross-sectional view of a circulating nozzle body provided with two fluid passages according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and other advantages of the present invention will become more clear and intuitive.

[0051] The accompanying drawings of the present invention are as follows: screw electrode 1, barrel 2, nozzle body 3, deposition nozzle 4, processing substrate 5, rotation drive device 6, coupling 7, main feed port 8, liquid inlet 9, exhaust hole 10, auxiliary feed port 11, programmable pulse power supply 12, nozzle outlet 13, cavity channel 14, pressure flow rate sensor 15, speed microcontroller unit 16, oscilloscope 17, displacement signal processing unit 18, PI axis control device 19, inner circulation channel 20, fluid channel 22, circulation liquid outlet 23, suction pump 24, recovery pipeline 25, circulation pipeline 26, circulation liquid inlet 27, variable pitch screw electrode 28, embedded screw electrode 29, equidistant screw electrode 30, twin screw electrode 31, electrospray nozzle 32, liquid beam nozzle 33, multi-deposition nozzle 34, cavity 35, circular flow channel 36, inclined flow channel 37, straight flow channel 38.

[0052] The present invention provides a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1. Material preparation: prepare metal salt powder, main salt solvent and additives that are compatible with the metal deposition layer to be prepared.

[0054] S2, feeding: the screw electrode 1 is rotated in the barrel 2 by the rotating driving device 6; metal salt powder is put in through the main feed port 8, and the metal salt powder is mixed evenly under the rotation of the screw electrode 1; the main salt solvent is injected through the liquid inlet 9, and the metal salt powder is dissolved under the condition of the rotation of the screw electrode 1, and the gas generated during the dissolution escapes through the exhaust hole 10; the additives required in the electrodeposition process are put in the auxiliary feed port 11;

[0055] S3, start the internal circulation: a portion of the deposition liquid is received from the internal circulation channel 20 by the liquid pump 24 and the received deposition liquid is sent back to the barrel 2 through the circulation liquid inlet 27, and the remaining deposition liquid flows out from the deposition nozzle 4;

[0056] S4, forming a stable liquid beam: adjusting the rotation speed of the screw electrode 1 to change the downward pressure, so that the deposition nozzle 4 flows out a stable liquid beam for electrochemical deposition additive manufacturing.

[0057] S5, electrodeposition additive: Control the displacement adjustment of the screw nozzle assembly in three-dimensional space, and at the same time apply a pulse voltage between the screw electrode 1 and the processing substrate 5 through a pulse power supply. The charged metal ions in the liquid beam undergo an electrochemical deposition reaction on the surface of the processing substrate 5 under the action of the pulse voltage, and the electrochemical deposition is completed layer by layer to achieve three-dimensional microstructure molding and preparation.

[0058] Furthermore, the preparation method of the present invention can be used to achieve single metal deposition, multi-element alloy co-deposition or multi-element metal layered deposition. Figure 1a Schematic diagram of the structure of multi-element alloy co-deposition. Figure 1b Schematic diagram of the structure of multi-element metal layered deposition. When preparing multi-element alloy co-deposition, the required multiple metal salt powders are put into the main feed port 8; during the processing, the screw electrode 1 rotates to fully dissolve the metal salt powder and evenly distribute different types of metal ions in the solution; under the downward pressure generated by the rotation of the screw electrode 1, the deposition liquid flows out from the deposition port of the deposition nozzle 4 and performs multi-element co-deposition on the surface of the processing substrate 5 to be processed (see Figure 1aWhen preparing multi-element metal layered deposition, the first layer of metal salt powder is put into the main feed port 8, and the first layer of metal salt powder is fully dissolved in the solvent and then a single metal deposition is performed; after the processing is completed, the deposition liquid in the device is discharged through the circulating liquid outlet 23, and the second layer of single metal salt powder required is put into the main feed port 8, and a single metal deposition is performed on the surface of the single metal deposition layer of the previous layer, so that multi-element metal layered deposition is realized layer by layer (see Figure 1b ).

[0059] Furthermore, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the additive introduced from the auxiliary feed port is a soluble additive or a poorly soluble additive. The soluble additive is one or a combination of animal and plant glue, a surfactant, a foaming agent, a conductive salt, a brightener and a buffer. The animal and plant glue is an amino acid; the surfactant is one or a combination of bromide ion solutions such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or chloride ion solutions such as hydrochloric acid; the foaming agent is one or a combination of gypsum and water glass; the conductive salt is one or a combination of barium carbonate, strontium carbonate, sodium nitrate and calcium fluoride; the brightener is one or a combination of saccharin, ammonia water and ethylenediamine; the buffer is one or a combination of boric acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and citrate. The poorly soluble additive is a poorly soluble non-metallic powder, and the poorly soluble non-metallic powder is one or a combination of ceramics, silicon carbide and graphene. The poorly soluble additive forms a uniform suspension under the rotation of the screw. These insoluble non-metallic powders act as reinforcing phases, which improve the bonding strength between the substrate and the coating as well as the corrosion resistance and uniformity of the prepared coating during the coating preparation process; when preparing complex three-dimensional structures, the reinforcing phase particles can not only be used to prepare porous structures, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the prepared parts.

[0060] As a further improvement, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the type of solvent injected into the liquid inlet 9 is an organic solvent or an inorganic solvent, the organic solvent is one or a combination of ethanol, ethylene, methanol and benzene; the inorganic solvent is deionized water.

[0061] The present invention also provides a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device for implementing the manufacturing method proposed by the present invention.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to Example 1 of the present invention, wherein the device includes a screw-type nozzle assembly, a motor speed adaptive system, and a nozzle adaptive displacement system.

[0064] The screw nozzle assembly includes a screw electrode 1 , a barrel 2 , a nozzle body 3 , a deposition nozzle 4 , a processing substrate 5 , and a rotation driving device 6 for driving the screw electrode 1 to rotate.

[0065] The inside of the barrel 2 is provided with a through hole along the axial direction, and the side wall of the barrel 2 is provided with a main feed port 8 for placing metal salt powder, a liquid inlet 9 for placing the main salt solvent, an exhaust hole 10 for discharging the gas product of the dissolved metal salt powder, and an auxiliary feed port 11 for placing additives from top to bottom.

[0066] One end of the screw electrode 1 is inserted into the barrel 2 from the top opening thereof, and the other end is connected to the output shaft of the rotary drive device 6. In this embodiment, the rotary drive device 6 is a rotary motor. One end of the screw electrode 1 located in the barrel 2 is connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor through a coupling 7.

[0067] The nozzle body 3 is installed at the bottom of the barrel 2 and communicated with the inside of the barrel 2. The deposition head 4 is installed below the nozzle body 3 and communicated with the inside of the nozzle body 3.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the device also includes a programmable pulse power supply 12 and a processing substrate 5 to be processed. The anode of the programmable pulse power supply 12 is electrically connected to the screw electrode 1, and the cathode of the programmable pulse power supply 12 is electrically connected to the processing substrate 5 to be processed. The programmable pulse power supply 12 is configured to provide working power for the electrochemical deposition process.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the nozzle body 3 is of a straight-row type, and a cavity channel 14 is arranged inside the nozzle body 3. The cavity channel 14 is a conical structure. The top opening of the cavity channel 14 is connected to the inside of the barrel 2, and the deposition nozzle 4 is installed at the bottom opening of the cavity channel 14.

[0070] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the motor speed adaptive system includes a pressure flow rate sensor 15 and a speed micro control unit 16. The pressure flow rate sensor 15 is installed in the conical side wall of the nozzle body 3. The pressure flow rate sensor 15 is electrically connected to the speed micro control unit 16, and the speed micro control unit 16 is electrically connected to the rotation drive device 6. The pressure flow rate sensor 15 is configured to detect the pressure and flow rate inside the nozzle body 3 and send the pressure and flow rate signals to the speed micro control unit 16. The speed micro control unit 16 is configured to micro-control the speed of the output shaft of the rotation drive device 6 according to the signal from the pressure flow rate sensor 15. The rotation drive device 6 is configured to drive the screw electrode 1 to rotate, thereby generating downward pressure on the deposition liquid. In this way, the adaptive control of the speed of the screw electrode 1 is achieved, ensuring the stable formation of the liquid beam during the processing.

[0071] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the nozzle adaptive displacement system includes an oscilloscope 17, a displacement signal processing unit 18 and a PI axis control device 19, the oscilloscope 17 is electrically connected to the displacement signal processing unit 18, and the displacement signal processing unit 18 is electrically connected to the PI axis control device 19. The oscilloscope 17 is configured to analyze the electric field strength between the screw electrode 1 and the processed substrate 5 and output the data to the displacement signal processing unit 18. The displacement signal processing unit 18 is configured to output the calculated information to the PI axis control device 19. The PI axis control device 19 is configured to control the screw nozzle assembly to adjust the displacement, so as to avoid the deposition rate being too fast and causing the deposition nozzle 4 to be blocked inside.

[0072] Figure 3a to Figure 3d It is a schematic diagram of the structure of different types of screw-type electrodes of the present invention. Among them, Figure 3a Schematic diagram of the structure of the variable pitch screw electrode 28 that can be used in the present invention. Figure 3b Schematic diagram of the structure of the embedded screw electrode 29 that can be used in the present invention. Figure 3c Schematic diagram of the structure of the equidistant screw electrode 30 that can be used in the present invention. Figure 3d FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the twin-screw electrode 31 that can be used in the present invention. The screw electrode of any size can be selected according to different process requirements and material tube design. Figure 3a As shown, the variable pitch screw electrode 28 has a properly increased pitch near the feed port to improve processing efficiency; the variable pitch screw electrode 28 has a reduced pitch at the jet hole to increase the stirring time of the solution and the powder, thereby ensuring full dissolution of the powder. Figure 3b As shown, the embedded screw electrode 29 increases the stirring intensity of the solution and powder in the barrel 2 by embedding small blades between large blades. Figure 3d As shown, the stirring intensity of the solution in the material tube can also be enhanced by increasing the number of screw electrodes 1. That is to say, the stirring intensity of the solution in the tube can be enhanced by changing the pitch and morphology of the screw electrode, thereby effectively promoting the mutual dissolution between the metal salt powder, the additive and the solvent and improving the uniformity of the particle suspension, thereby reducing the clogging of the screw nozzle assembly, improving the fluidity of the deposition liquid in the barrel 2, and laying a foundation for realizing the micro-nano additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional structures.

[0073] Furthermore, different types of deposition nozzles 4 may be selected according to the requirements for preparing different components. Figure 4a 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electrospray nozzle 32 that can be used in the present invention. Figure 4bIt is a cross-sectional view of the liquid beam nozzle 33 that can be used in the present invention. When processing surface coatings, selecting the electrospray nozzle 32 can effectively improve the efficiency of coating preparation. When processing complex micro-nano three-dimensional structures, the liquid beam nozzle 33 can be selected. The present invention realizes the switching between jet electrodeposition and curved liquid surface deposition by changing the rotation speed of the screw electrode 1. When the screw electrode 1 rotates at a high speed, the pressure at the deposition nozzle increases, and more solution gathers in the nozzle hole of the liquid beam nozzle 33 to form a stable liquid beam, thereby realizing jet electrochemical deposition; when the screw electrode 1 rotates at a low speed, the pressure at the deposition port decreases, and the solution forms a curved liquid surface at the deposition port, thereby realizing curved liquid surface deposition.

[0074] Optionally, the nozzle hole of the liquid jet nozzle 33 has a shape of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon (such as a triangle and a rectangle) or a special-shaped structure (not shown in the figure).

[0075] Example 2

[0076] Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a multi-deposition nozzle according to Example 2 of the present invention is provided, wherein the components identical or corresponding to those in Example 1 are marked with the same reference numerals as those in Example 1. For the sake of simplicity, only the differences between Example 2 and Example 1 are described below.

[0077] In order to realize array jet electroplating processing, in this embodiment, the deposition nozzle 4 in embodiment 1 is replaced by a multi-deposition nozzle 34. When processing a large range of array parts, the use of a multi-deposition nozzle 34 can effectively improve the processing efficiency. The multi-deposition nozzle 34 includes a cavity 35 connected to the cavity channel in the straight-row nozzle body 3 and a plurality of deposition nozzles connected to the bottom of the cavity 35. Through the design of the cavity 35, the pressure on each deposition nozzle during the processing can be made consistent. During the processing, the deposition solution flows into the cavity 35 through the cavity channel and then disperses. After filling the cavity 35, the solution is ejected from each deposition nozzle due to the downward pressure generated by the rotation of the screw electrode 1, thereby realizing array jet electroplating processing.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] Figure 6 The overall structural diagram of a screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to Example 3 of the present invention is given. The components identical or corresponding to those in Example 1 are marked with the same reference numerals as those in Example 1. For simplicity, only the differences between Example 2 and Example 1 are described below.

[0080] like Figure 6As shown, in order to update the deposition liquid at the nozzle hole of the deposition nozzle 4 in time, in the present embodiment, the nozzle body 3 is of a circulation type, and an internal circulation channel 20 is arranged inside the circulation type nozzle body 3, and the internal circulation channel 20 includes a cavity channel 14 connected to the inside of the barrel 2 and a fluid channel 22 passing through the cavity channel 14, the cavity channel 14 is a conical structure, and a circulation outlet 23 is arranged at the end of the fluid channel 22, and the side wall of the fluid channel 22 facing the processing substrate 5 is provided with more than one nozzle outlet 13 for installing the deposition nozzle 4.

[0081] Further, if Figure 6 As shown, the device further includes a liquid extraction pump 24, a recovery pipeline 25 and a circulation pipeline 26, and the side wall of the barrel 2 is also provided with a circulation liquid inlet 27 connected to the inside of the barrel 2. The inlet of the liquid extraction pump 24 is connected to the circulation liquid outlet 23 of the inner circulation channel 20 through the recovery pipeline 25, and the outlet of the liquid extraction pump 24 is connected to the circulation liquid inlet 27 through the circulation pipeline 26, thereby forming an inner circulation loop of the deposition liquid.

[0082] The liquid pump 24 is configured to receive the deposition liquid from the inner circulation channel 20 at a certain flow rate and return the deposition liquid to the barrel 2 through the circulation liquid inlet 27. By recycling the deposition liquid and the high-speed flow of the deposition liquid, the deposition liquid in the deposition nozzle 4 is updated in time.

[0083] In order to meet the requirements of different processing techniques, the fluid channel 22 may be a circular channel 36 , an inclined channel 37 or a straight channel 38 . Figures 7a to 7c It is a cross-sectional view of a circulating nozzle body 3 provided with different types of fluid channels 22 of the present invention, wherein: Figure 7a The fluid passage 22 shown is a circular flow passage 36. Figure 7b The fluid channel 22 shown is an inclined channel 37. Figure 7c The fluid channel 22 shown is a straight flow channel 38. According to different processing requirements, users can choose different types of internal circulation channels 20. Figure 7a The arc-shaped design of the circular flow channel 36 shown helps to update the solution in the tube; Figure 7b The V-shaped design of the inclined flow channel 37 shown can improve the anti-interference ability of the liquid beam; when large-scale array processing is required, it can be selected Figure 7c The direct current channel 38 shown is subjected to simultaneous electrochemical additive manufacturing.

[0084] Furthermore, the number of the fluid channels 22 in the inner circulation channel 20 is more than one. Figure 7dIt is a cross-sectional view of a circulating nozzle body 3 with two fluid channels 22, wherein the fluid channels 22 are circular channels 36. The number of fluid channels 22 in the inner circulation channel 20 can be increased according to processing requirements, thereby combining the advantages of high processing rate and circular channels or oblique channels.

[0085] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the fluid channel 22 may be circular or polygonal, such as a triangle or a rectangle.

[0086] In summary, from Figures 1 to 7, in order to achieve efficient, stable, and complex preparation of micro-nano three-dimensional parts, the present invention proposes a screw-type electrode rotation pressurized electro-deposition additive manufacturing method and a device for implementing the manufacturing method. The present invention utilizes the rotation of the screw-type electrode 1 to increase the stirring intensity of the solution in the barrel 2, thereby promoting the dissolution and uniform distribution of the powder in the barrel 2. At the same time, the downward pressure generated by the rotation of the screw-type electrode 1 forms a stable liquid beam at the deposition port of the deposition nozzle 4. In addition, in the present invention, the deposition liquid circulates from the inner circulation channel 20 to the barrel 2 at a certain flow rate, and flows into the inner circulation channel 20 again under the action of the screw-type electrode 1, thereby realizing the internal circulation of the deposition liquid and effectively improving the renewal of the deposition liquid at the deposition port of the deposition nozzle 4.

[0087] The present invention provides a method and method for manufacturing a screw-type electrode rotating pressurized electrodeposition additive material. There are many methods and ways to implement the technical solution. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims

1. A screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a screw nozzle assembly, wherein the screw nozzle assembly comprises a screw electrode (1), a barrel (2), a nozzle body (3), a deposition nozzle (4) and a rotation drive device (6) for driving the screw electrode (1) to rotate; a through hole is axially provided inside the barrel (2); a main feed port (8) for placing metal salt powder, a liquid inlet (9) for placing a main salt solvent, an exhaust hole (10) for discharging gas products generated by the dissolution of the metal salt powder and a secondary feed port (11) for placing additives are provided on the side wall of the barrel (2); the nozzle body (3) is installed at the bottom of the barrel (2) and is connected to the inside of the barrel (2); the deposition nozzle (4) is connected to the bottom of the nozzle body (3) and is connected to the inside of the nozzle body (3); one end of the screw electrode (1) is located in the barrel (2), and the other end is connected to the output shaft of the rotation drive device (6).

2. The screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle body (3) is of a straight-row type, a cavity channel (14) is provided inside the nozzle body (3), the top of the cavity channel (14) is connected to the barrel (2), and the deposition nozzle (4) is installed at the bottom of the cavity channel (14); Alternatively, the nozzle body (3) is of a straight-row type, a cavity channel (14) is provided inside the nozzle body (3), the top of the cavity channel (14) is connected to the inside of the barrel (2), a multi-deposition nozzle (34) is installed at the bottom of the cavity channel (14), and the multi-deposition nozzle (34) includes a cavity (35) connected to the cavity channel (14) in the nozzle body (3) and two or more deposition nozzles (4) connected to the bottom of the cavity (35).

3. The screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle body (3) is of a circulation type, and an internal circulation channel (20) is arranged inside the nozzle body (3). The internal circulation channel (20) includes a cavity channel (14) connected to the inside of the barrel (2) and a fluid channel (22) penetrating the cavity channel (14). A circulation outlet (23) is provided at the end of the fluid channel (22). One or more deposition nozzles (4) are installed on the side wall of the fluid channel (22) facing the processing substrate (5) to be processed externally.

4. The screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The barrel (2) is also provided with a circulating liquid inlet (27) connected to the interior of the barrel (2); the circulating liquid outlet (23) of the internal circulation channel (20) is connected to the circulating liquid inlet (27) through a pipeline to form an internal circulation loop; the deposition liquid flows back into the barrel (2) through the circulating liquid inlet (27) after passing through the internal circulation channel (20).

5. The screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The internal circulation loop comprises a liquid pump (24), a recovery pipeline (25) and a circulation pipeline (26); the inlet of the liquid pump (24) is connected to the circulation liquid outlet (23) of the internal circulation channel (20) through the recovery pipeline (25); the outlet of the liquid pump (24) is connected to the circulation liquid inlet (27) through the circulation pipeline (26).

6. A screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The screw electrode (1) is a variable pitch screw electrode, an embedded screw electrode or an equidistant screw electrode; The type of the deposition nozzle (4) is a liquid beam nozzle (33) or an electrospray nozzle (32); the nozzle hole of the liquid beam nozzle (33) is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse or a polygon.

7. A screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The number of the fluid channels (22) is more than one; the fluid channels (22) are circular channels (36), oblique channels (37) or straight channels (38); and the cross-sectional shape of the fluid channels (22) is circular or polygonal.

8. A screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The method is implemented by the device described in claim 5; the method comprises the following steps: S1. Material preparation: preparing metal salt powder, main salt solvent and additives compatible with the metal deposition layer to be prepared; S2, feeding: the screw electrode (1) is rotated in the barrel (2) by means of a rotating driving device (6); the metal salt powder is put in through the main feed port (8), and the metal salt powder is mixed evenly under the action of the rotation of the screw electrode (1); the main salt solvent is injected through the liquid inlet (9), and the metal salt powder is dissolved under the condition of the rotation of the screw electrode (1), and the gas generated during the dissolution escapes through the exhaust hole (10); the additives required in the electrodeposition process are put in through the auxiliary feed port (11); S3, starting the internal circulation: receiving part of the deposition liquid from the internal circulation channel (20) through the liquid pump (24) and sending the received deposition liquid back into the barrel (2) through the circulation liquid inlet (27), and the remaining deposition liquid flows out from the deposition nozzle (4); S4, forming a stable liquid beam: adjusting the rotation speed of the screw electrode (1) to change the downward pressure, so that the deposition nozzle (4) flows out a stable liquid beam for electrochemical deposition additive manufacturing; S5, electrodeposition additive: Control the displacement of the screw nozzle assembly in three-dimensional space, and at the same time apply a pulse voltage between the screw electrode (1) and the processing substrate (5). Under the action of the pulse voltage, the charged metal ions in the liquid beam undergo an electrochemical deposition reaction on the surface of the processing substrate (5) to be processed, and the electrochemical deposition is completed layer by layer to achieve three-dimensional microstructure molding and preparation.

9. The screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The manufacturing method is used to achieve single metal deposition, multi-element alloy co-deposition or multi-element alloy layered deposition; in the single metal deposition process, the metal salt powder fed into the main feed port (8) is a single metal salt powder; During the multi-element alloy co-deposition process, the metal salt powder introduced into the main feed port (8) is a plurality of metal salt powders; During the multi-element alloy layered deposition process, the metal salt powder of each layer fed into the main feed port (8) is a single metal salt powder. After the single metal salt powder is fully dissolved in the solvent, single metal deposition is performed. After the single metal layer deposition is completed, the solution in the barrel (2) is discharged through the liquid outlet; and the single metal salt powder required for the second layer is put into the main feed port (8) to perform the second layer of single metal deposition. The above steps are repeated to achieve multi-element alloy layered deposition.

10. The screw-type electrode rotary pressurized electrodeposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The additive introduced through the auxiliary feed port (11) is a soluble additive or a poorly soluble additive, wherein the soluble additive is one or a combination of animal and plant glue, a surfactant, a foaming agent, a conductive salt, a brightener and a buffer; the animal and plant glue is an amino acid; the surfactant is a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide solution; the foaming agent is one or a combination of gypsum and water glass; the conductive salt is one or a combination of barium carbonate, strontium carbonate, sodium nitrate and calcium fluoride; the brightener is one or a combination of saccharin, ammonia water and ethylenediamine; the buffer is one or a combination of boric acid, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and citrate; the poorly soluble additive is a poorly soluble non-metallic powder, wherein the poorly soluble non-metallic powder is one or a combination of ceramics, silicon carbide and graphene; the main salt solvent type injected through the liquid inlet (9) is an organic solvent or an inorganic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one or a combination of ethanol, ethylene, methanol and benzene; and the inorganic solvent is deionized water.

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