A method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant and an early warning system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant and an early warning system. Based on the existing automatically monitored furnace temperature and primary air flow rate data of the incinerator, the temperature difference T ave(Δt) between two adjacent temperature means T of the incinerator furnace is obtained through calculation and processing d , as well as the 1-hour temperature mean T ave(1h) , the range T 1 of the upper section measuring point temperature and the range T 2 of the middle section measuring point temperature, and the absolute value F ave(Δt′) of the difference between two adjacent primary air flow rate means F d ; and they are compared with their respective preset thresholds. According to the comparison results, they can be divided into four types of early warnings, namely A-D. Each type of early warning represents different working conditions and can be used to prompt the plant to take relevant measures to prevent the excessive emission of pollutants. This method is simple to operate and does not require sampling and detection. In addition, the early warning system provided by the present invention calculates and processes the existing automatically monitored data to judge the risk of excessive emissions and classify early warnings. The data acquisition is convenient and it is conducive to popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of domestic waste incineration treatment, and more specifically, relates to an incinerator operation diagnosis method and an early warning system for a domestic waste incineration plant. Background Art

[0002] At present, the scale of waste incineration in my country is constantly expanding, and the industry is moving from high-speed development to high-quality development. Conventional pollutants and characteristic pollutants such as dioxins in waste incineration flue gas have attracted much attention from the society, and the control of pollutants requires not only effective flue gas purification equipment and purification methods, but also depends on the stable working conditions of the waste incineration production line.

[0003] At present, the domestic waste incineration power generation industry has realized the "installation, establishment and connection" of automatic monitoring data, and the DCS of the waste incineration plant stores, transmits in real time and displays a large amount of automatic monitoring data of operating parameters. However, during the operation of many waste incineration plants, due to the uneven professional level of operators, there is a lack of sensitivity to fluctuations in operating parameters and the inability to timely identify potential risks in the later stage, which is not conducive to the precise prevention and control of environmental risks and the refined management of waste incineration plants.

[0004] At the same time, the existing technology often requires the collection of flue gas samples generated during the production process, and only after testing can it be determined whether there is a risk of excessive dioxin emissions. Therefore, a method and system that can determine fluctuations and risks based on the automatic monitoring data of the existing DCS system is needed, which is conducive to identifying, judging and warning the risks and hidden dangers of the incinerator. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an incinerator operation diagnosis method and early warning system for a domestic waste incineration plant. The purpose is to analyze and calculate the incinerator furnace temperature and primary air flow data based on experience and automatically monitored by the DCS system, compare and judge the calculation results with the corresponding early warning values, and classify the early warnings, thereby solving the technical problem in the prior art that pollutants in the flue gas must be detected before determining whether there is a risk of exceeding emission standards.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant is provided, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] Obtain the temperature T of multiple measuring points on the upper section of the incinerator 1i and the temperature T of multiple measuring points in the middle section 2i , calculate the incinerator temperature per unit time and the average temperature T within time Δt ave(Δt) and the mean values ​​of two adjacent temperatures T ave(Δt) The temperature difference T d, the range T of the measured temperatures at the upper cross-section 1 and the range T of the measured temperatures at the middle cross-section 2 ; the temperature mean value T ave(Δt) , including T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , where Δt 1 < Δt 2 < Δt 3 ; the temperature difference T d is the temperature difference between two adjacent temperature mean values T ave(Δt1) ;

[0008] Obtain the primary air flow rate per unit time of the incinerator, and calculate the mean value F of the primary air flow rate within the time Δt' ave(Δt′) and the absolute value F of the difference between two adjacent mean values F of the primary air flow rate ave(Δt′) ; d ;

[0009] Compare and judge the data obtained from the above calculations with the corresponding warning values respectively, and classify the warnings; the specific judgment principles are as follows:

[0010] ① If T ave(Δt1) < T w1 , it is a Class A warning, that is, an over-standard warning;

[0011] ② If T w1 < T ave(Δt1) < T w2 and / or T ave(Δt3) < T w3 , it is a Class B warning, that is, an over-standard hidden danger; the T w1 , T w2 and T w3 increase in sequence, where T w3 is obtained through analysis by a decision tree model based on the historical monitoring data of the waste incineration plant;

[0012] ③ If T d > T w4 and / or T 1 , T 2 any one of the values > T w5 , it is a Class C warning, that is, a prompt for equipment failure; preferably, the T w4 , T w5 are calculated according to the following formula:

[0013] T w4 = T ave(Δt1) × 0.06;

[0014] T w5 = T ave(Δt2) × 0.15;

[0015] ④ If F d > F d(w) , it is a Class D warning, that is, it indicates that the corresponding automatic monitoring data exceeds or does not reach a certain threshold range; preferably, the F d(w) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0016] F d(w) = F ave(Δt ' ) × 0.20.

[0017] Preferably, for the method for diagnosing the operation of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant, the temperature of the incinerator per unit time is the average temperature T ave(1min) per minute, and the average temperature T ave(Δt) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] The primary air flow rate per unit time is the average primary air flow rate F ave(1min) per minute, and the average primary air flow rate F ave(Δt′) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] Preferably, for the method for diagnosing the operation of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant, the average temperature T ave(1min) per minute is calculated according to the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, (Median(T 11 , T 12 ..., T 1i ) is the median of the temperatures of i measuring points in the upper section, and Median(T 21 , T 22 ..., T 2i ) is the median of the temperatures of i measuring points in the middle section.

[0024] Preferably, for the method for diagnosing the operation of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant, the average temperatures T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) are T ave(5min) , T ave(15min) and T ave(1h) in sequence; the temperature warning values of T w1 , T w2 and T w3 are 850 °C, 880 °C and 965 °C in sequence.

[0025] Preferably, in the method for diagnosing the operation of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant, the time Δt′ is 15 minutes.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a system for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant, which includes a data acquisition module, a data calculation and processing module, and an early warning and judgment module;

[0027] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperatures T of multiple measuring points on the upper cross-section of the incinerator 1i and the temperatures T of multiple measuring points on the middle cross-section of the incinerator 2i and the primary air flow rate per unit time of the incinerator, and submit the obtained data to the data processing module;

[0028] The data calculation and processing module calculates based on the received temperature data of the measuring points to obtain the temperature per unit time of the incinerator, the average temperature T of the incinerator within different time intervals Δt ave(Δt) and the temperature difference T between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt) ; the range T of the temperatures of the measuring points on the upper cross-section d and the range T of the temperatures of the measuring points on the middle cross-section 1 ; the average temperature T 2 , including T ave(Δt) , T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , where Δt 1 <Δt 2 <Δt 3 ; the temperature difference T d is the temperature difference between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt1) ;

[0029] Based on the received primary air flow rate per unit time, calculate the average primary air flow rate F within the time Δt′ ave(Δt′) and the absolute value F of the difference between two adjacent average primary air flow rates F ave(Δt′) , and submit the calculation results to the early warning and judgment module; d

[0030] The early warning and judgment module makes a comparison and judgment classification based on the calculation results and the corresponding early warning values. The specific judgment principles are as follows:

[0031] ① During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T ave(Δt1) <T w1 , it is a Class A early warning, that is, an over-standard warning;

[0032] ② During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T w1 <T ave(Δt1) <T w2 and / or Tave(Δt3) <T w3 , it is a Class B warning, that is, an over-standard hidden danger; the T w1 , T w2 and T w3 have gradually increasing temperature warning values;

[0033] ③ During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T d >T w4 and / or T 1 , T 2 any one value > T w5 , it is a Class C warning, that is, a prompt for equipment failure; the T w4 and T w5 are obtained by calculating according to the following formula:

[0034] T w4 = T ave(Δt1) × 0.06;

[0035] T w5 = T ave(Δt2) × 0.15;

[0036] ④ During the normal operation of the incinerator, if F d >F d(w) , it is a Class D warning, that is, a prompt that the corresponding automatic monitoring data exceeds or does not reach a certain threshold range, the F d(w) is obtained by calculating according to the following formula:

[0037] F d(w) = F ave(Δt ' ) × 0.20.

[0038] Preferably, for the incinerator operation diagnosis system of the domestic waste incineration plant, the unit time temperature is the one-minute temperature average value T ave(1min) , the temperature average value T ave(Δt) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] The unit time primary air flow rate is the one-minute primary air flow rate average value F ave(1min) , the primary air flow rate average value F ave(Δt′) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Preferably, for the incinerator operation diagnosis system of the domestic waste incineration plant, the one-minute temperature average value T ave(1min) is calculated according to the following formula:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, (Median(T 11 , T 12 ..., T 1i ) is the median of the temperatures of the i measuring points in the upper cross-section, and Median(T 21 , T 22 ..., T 2i ) is the median of the temperatures of the i measuring points in the middle cross-section.

[0045] Preferably, for the operating diagnosis method of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant, the average temperature T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) are, in sequence, T ave(5min) , T ave(15min) and T ave(1h) ; the temperature warning values of T w1 , T w2 and T w3 are 850 °C, 880 °C and 965 °C in sequence.

[0046] Preferably, for the operating diagnosis system of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant, the average primary air flow rate F ave(Δt′) is F ave(15min) , and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Generally speaking, compared with the prior art through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:

[0049] Since the operating diagnosis method and system of the incinerator in the domestic waste incineration plant provided by the present invention perform relevant calculations based on the furnace temperature and primary air flow rate data automatically monitored by the DCS system to obtain the data for judgment, including multiple average temperatures T ave(Δt) , the temperature difference T ave(Δt) between two adjacent average temperatures T d , and the two ranges T 1 and T 2 of the measured temperatures of the upper cross-section and the middle temperature cross-section, as well as the absolute value F ave(Δt′) of the difference between two adjacent average primary air flow rates F d ; the calculated T ave(Δt) , T d , T 1 and T 2 as well as F dThe data is compared with the corresponding warning values for judgment, and warning classification is carried out according to the judgment principle. By using the diagnostic method provided by the present invention, the over-standard warning risks can be divided into categories A - D. Among them, warning of category A is an over-standard warning, warning of category B is an over-standard hidden danger, warning of category C is a device failure, and warning of category D is that the corresponding automatic monitoring data exceeds or does not reach a certain threshold range. For different types of warnings, it is possible to guide the waste incineration plant to carry out corresponding adjustments and preventive measures, thereby preventing the over-standard emission of pollutants in the flue gas from the source. Specific embodiments

[0050] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0051] In China, the proportion of waste incineration has been increasing year by year, and the toxic and harmful persistent organic pollutants generated during the incineration process, especially dioxins, have become the key issues restricting the sustainable development of this technology in China. The formation mechanism of dioxins during waste incineration is very complex and there are many influencing factors, including waste characteristics, combustion conditions, and flue gas composition and its concentration, etc. Their interaction relationships are very complex. Among these influencing factors, the mainly controllable one is the combustion conditions, and the two crucial parameters affecting the combustion situation are temperature and primary air flow rate. Based on the existing production conditions, if it is possible to judge the later dioxin emission risk based on the fluctuations of existing automatic monitoring data such as the temperature of the upper cross-section of the incinerator and the primary air flow rate, it is possible to prevent and control from the source of the pollutant dioxin generation, and there is no need for sampling detection and adding new equipment, and the operation is simple and feasible.

[0052] A method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant, which includes the following steps:

[0053] (1) Obtain the automatic monitoring data of the domestic waste incineration plant

[0054] The automatic monitoring data includes the temperatures T of multiple measuring points on the upper cross-section of the waste incinerator 1i and the temperatures T of multiple measuring points on the middle cross-section 2i , the average value F of the primary air flow rate per minute of the waste incinerator ave(1min) . The average value F of the primary air flow rate per minute is used to represent the primary air flow rate per unit time, which is conducive to later data analysis; ave(1min) In some embodiments, the temperatures of 3 thermocouple measuring points on the upper cross-section and the temperatures of 3 thermocouple measuring points on the middle cross-section are obtained;

[0055]

[0056] ​According to the obtained T 1i and T 2i Calculate the temperature of the incinerator per unit time. The temperature of the incinerator per unit time is represented by the average temperature per unit time, and preferably the average temperature per minute T ave(1min) , and is obtained by calculation according to the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, Median(T 11 , T 12 ...T 1i ) is the median of the temperatures at i measuring points in the upper cross-section, and Median(T 21 , T 22 ...T 2i ) is the median of the temperatures at i measuring points in the middle cross-section;

[0059] During the actual operation of the incinerator, its surface temperature shows fluctuating changes. For the convenience of data analysis, the data granularity of the incinerator furnace temperature adopts the average temperature per minute.

[0060] (2) Data processing and calculation

[0061] (2-1) According to the obtained measuring point temperatures and the average temperature per minute T ave(1min) calculated, calculate the average temperature T ave(Δt) of the incinerator furnace within the time Δt, the temperature difference T ave(Δt) between two adjacent average temperatures T d , as well as the temperature range T 1 of the measuring point temperatures in the upper cross-section and the temperature range T 2 of the measuring point temperatures in the middle cross-section; the average temperature T ave(Δt) includes T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , where Δt 1 <Δt 2 <Δt 3 ; the temperature difference T d is the temperature difference between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt1) ;

[0062] The average temperature T ave(Δt) within the time Δt is obtained by calculation according to the following formula:

[0063]

[0064] In some embodiments, the average temperatures T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) are preferably T ave(5min) , Tave(15min) and T ave(1h) ; The temperature difference T ave(Δt) between two adjacent average temperatures T d is the temperature difference between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(5min) ; Calculate according to the formula:

[0065] T d = T ave(5min) '- T ave(5min)

[0066] In the formula, T ave(5min) ' is the average temperature of the current incineration furnace for 5 minutes, and T ave(5min) is the average temperature of the previous incineration furnace for 5 minutes.

[0067] The temperature range T 1 and T 2 are calculated according to the following formula:

[0068] T 1 = Max(T 11 , T 12 ... T 1i ) - Min(T 11 , T 12 ,... T 1i )

[0069] T 2 = Max(T 21 , T 22 ... T 2i ) - Min(T 21 , T 22 ,... T 2i )

[0070] In the formula, Max(T 11 , T 12 ... T 1i ) is the maximum value of the temperatures of the i thermocouple measuring points in the upper section, and Min(T 11 , T 12 ... T 1i ) is the minimum value of the temperatures of the i thermocouple measuring points in the upper section; Max(T 21 , T 22 ... T 2i ) is the maximum value of the temperatures of the i thermocouple measuring points in the middle section, and Min(T 21 , T 22 ... T 2i ) is the minimum value of the temperatures of the i thermocouple measuring points in the middle section.

[0071] (2 - 2) Based on the obtained average primary air flow rate F per minute ave(1min), calculate the average value F of the primary air flow rate within the calculation time Δt′ ave(Δt′) and the absolute value F of the difference between two adjacent average values F of the primary air flow rate ave(Δt′) ; d ;

[0072] The average value F of the primary air flow rate within the time Δt′ ave(Δt′) is obtained by calculation according to the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] In some embodiments, the time Δt′ is 15 min; the difference F between two adjacent average values of the primary air flow rate d is calculated according to the following formula:

[0075] F d = |F ave '- F ave |

[0076] In the formula, F ave ' is the average value of the current primary air flow rate in 15 minutes, and F ave is the average value of the previous primary air flow rate in 15 minutes;

[0077] (3) Judgment of the operating conditions of the waste incinerator

[0078] Based on the calculation results obtained above, compare and judge with the corresponding warning values respectively, and classify the warnings; the specific judgment principles are as follows:

[0079] ① During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T ave(Δt1) < T w1 , it is judged that the furnace temperature does not meet the standard, which is a Class A warning, that is, an over-standard warning, guiding the enterprise to ensure that the furnace temperature meets the standard by means of starting the auxiliary combustion device, adjusting the operating parameters, etc.; the Class A warning is an over-standard warning, which is issued for one or more parameters of the waste incineration plant exceeding or not reaching the limit values specified in the national standard;

[0080] The T w1 is the warning value of the average furnace temperature, referring to the minimum limit value required for the incineration temperature in the furnace in the National Standard for Pollution Control of Domestic Waste Incineration (GB18485-2014). If T w1 is less than or equal to the minimum limit value, the waste incineration plant can adjust the warning value according to the operating conditions of the incinerator.

[0081] ② During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T w1 < T ave(Δt1) < T w2 , it is judged that the average furnace temperature in the time Δt 1 is on the low side, and there is a risk that the furnace temperature does not meet the standard. If Tave(Δt3) <T w3 , it is determined that when the hourly average furnace temperature is lower than T w3 , the risk of excessive dioxins in flue gas increases, which is a Class B warning, that is, a hidden danger of exceeding the standard; it is recommended that the waste incineration plant can ensure the compliance and stability of the furnace temperature by turning on the auxiliary combustion device and regulating the air volume; the Class B warning is a hidden danger of exceeding the standard. For one or more parameters of the waste incineration plant, although they are still within the limit range specified by the national standard, or the value of this parameter cannot be directly displayed in the form of automatic monitoring data, it is judged from the trend that there is a certain risk of exceeding the standard or not meeting the standard;

[0082] The T w2 and T w3 are the warning values of the average furnace temperature, and are obtained according to the limit value of the incineration temperature in the furnace specified in the "Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration".

[0083] In some embodiments, T w1 is taken as 850 °C, T w2 is taken as 880 °C. If T ave(Δt1) is close to 850 °C, a Class B warning is issued in advance to guide the waste incineration plant to take precautions in advance;

[0084] The T w3 , according to the historical monitoring data of the waste incineration plant, is obtained through decision tree model analysis. In this experiment, according to the historical monitoring data of multiple waste incineration plants across the country, T w3 is obtained through decision tree model analysis. According to the model analysis results, it is taken as 965 °C, and the waste incineration plant can adjust the warning value according to the operation of the incinerator.

[0085] ③ During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T d >T w4 and / or T 1 , T 2 any one value >T w5 , it is determined that there may be abnormal working conditions or thermocouples, which is a Class C warning. It is recommended that the waste incineration plant can check the possible problems by checking the incineration conditions or the thermocouple; the Class C warning is an equipment failure. For one or more parameters of the waste incineration plant, the data is significantly abnormal or deviates from the normal range under normal circumstances, and there may be abnormalities or failures in the working conditions or equipment;

[0086] The T w4 is the warning value of the difference in the average furnace temperature T d , which is set according to the distribution characteristics of the automatic monitoring data of the waste incinerator and empirical values. Preferably, it is calculated according to the following formula:

[0087] T w4 =T ave(Δt1)×0.06

[0088] In some embodiments, the time Δt 1 , is 5 min, and the waste incineration plant can adjust the warning value T according to the operation condition of the incinerator w4 ;

[0089] The T w5 is the warning value of the temperature difference of the cross-section measurement points, which is set according to the distribution characteristics of the automatic monitoring data of the waste incinerator and the empirical value. Preferably, it is obtained by calculating according to the following formula:

[0090] T w5 = T ave(Δt2) ×0.15

[0091] In some embodiments, the time Δt 2 , is 15 min; the waste incineration plant can adjust the warning value T according to the operation condition of the incinerator w5 ;

[0092] ④ During the normal operation of the incinerator, if F d > F d(w) , it is determined that the fluctuation of the primary air flow rate of the incinerator is too large, and there may be potential hazards such as unstable incineration conditions and increased risk of pollutant exceeding the standard. It is a Class D warning, guiding the waste incineration plant to check the incineration conditions, adjust the air volume, and pay attention to the pollutant emission concentration to troubleshoot problems and ensure the stability of the conditions; the Class D warning is a threshold warning, and for one or more parameters of the waste incineration plant, the value or fluctuation range of the data does not reach a relatively healthy state under stable operating conditions;

[0093] The F d(w) is the warning value of F d , and preferably, it is obtained by calculating according to the following formula:

[0094] F d(w) = F ave(Δt ' ) ×0.20

[0095] In some embodiments, the time Δt′ is 15 min, and the waste incineration plant can adjust the warning value F according to the operation condition of the incinerator d(w) .

[0096] In addition, the present invention also provides an operation diagnosis and warning system for a waste incinerator of a domestic waste incineration plant, including a data acquisition module, a data calculation and processing module, and a warning judgment module;

[0097] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperatures T of multiple measurement points on the upper cross-section of the waste incinerator 1i and the temperatures T of multiple measurement points on the middle cross-section 2i, the primary air flow rate per unit time of the waste incinerator, and submit the obtained data to the data processing module;

[0098] The data calculation and processing module calculates based on the measured point temperature data submitted and received to obtain the temperature of the incinerator per unit time, the average temperature T of the incinerator within different time intervals Δt ave(Δt) and the temperature difference T between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt) ; the range T of the measured point temperature of the upper cross-section d and the range T of the measured point temperature of the middle cross-section 1 ; the average temperature T 2 , including T ave(Δt) , T ave(Δt1) , and T ave(Δt2) , where Δt ave(Δt3) <Δt 1 <Δt 2 ; the temperature difference T 3 is the temperature difference between two adjacent average temperatures T d ; ave(Δt1)

[0099] Based on the primary air flow rate per unit time submitted and received, calculate the average primary air flow rate F within the time interval Δt′ ave(Δt′) and the absolute value F of the difference between two adjacent average primary air flow rates F ave(Δt′) , and submit the calculation result to the early warning judgment module; d

[0100] The early warning judgment module is used to compare and judge and classify according to the calculation result and the corresponding early warning value. The specific judgment principle is as follows:

[0101] ① If T ave(Δt1) <T w1 , it is judged that the furnace temperature exceeds the standard, which is a type A early warning; guide the enterprise to ensure that the furnace temperature meets the standard by turning on the auxiliary combustion device, adjusting the working condition parameters, etc.;

[0102] ② If T w1 <T ave(Δt1) <T w2 , it is judged that the average furnace temperature within the time interval Δt 1 is on the low side, and there is a risk that the furnace temperature does not meet the standard, and / or if T ave(Δt3) <T w3 , it is judged that the risk of excessive dioxins in the flue gas is relatively high; guide the waste incineration plant to ensure the compliance and stability of the furnace temperature by turning on the auxiliary combustion device, regulating the air volume, etc.;

[0103] The temperature early warning values of T w1 , T w2 and T w3 increase in sequence, and the T w1and T w2 The temperature warning value of is set according to the national standard "Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" or empirical values; the T w3 The temperature warning value of is obtained by analyzing historical monitoring data of the waste incineration plant through a decision tree model;

[0104] ③ If T d > T w4 and / or T 1 , T 2 any one value of > T w5 , it is determined that there may be abnormal operating conditions or thermocouples, which is a Class C warning, guiding the waste incineration plant to check possible problems by checking the incineration conditions or checking the thermocouples, etc.; preferably, the T w4 and T w5 are obtained by calculating according to the following formula:

[0105] T w4 = T ave(Δt1) ×0.06

[0106] T w5 = T ave(Δt2) ×0.15

[0107] In some embodiments, the average temperature T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) are, in sequence, T ave(5min) , T ave(15min) and T ave(1h) ;

[0108] ④ If F d > F d(w) , it is determined that the fluctuation of the primary air flow rate in the incinerator is too large, which is a Class D warning, guiding the waste incineration plant to check problems by checking the incineration conditions, regulating the air volume, and paying attention to the pollutant emission concentration, etc., to ensure the stability of the operating conditions. The F d is the absolute value of the difference between the average values of two adjacent primary air flow rates within the time Δt', and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0109] F d = |F ave '- F ave |

[0110] That is, in the formula, F ave ' is the current average primary air flow rate, and F ave is the previous average primary air flow rate;

[0111] Preferably, the F d(w) is obtained by calculating according to the following formula:

[0112] F d(w) = Fave(Δt ' ) ×0.20

[0113] In some embodiments, the time Δt′ is 15 min.

[0114] The following are the embodiments:

[0115] Embodiment 1 Operation Diagnosis of Incinerator in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant

[0116] (1) Obtain the automatic monitoring data of the municipal solid waste incineration plant

[0117] Obtain the temperatures T of the thermocouple measuring points at the upper section and the middle section of the waste incinerator 11 , T 12 , T 13 , T 21 , T 22 , T 23 , with the unit of °C, and the primary air flow rate per unit time of the waste incinerator, with the unit of m 3 / h;

[0118] (2) Data processing and calculation

[0119] ① Calculate the temperature per unit time of the incinerator furnace, and calculate the 5-minute temperature average value T ave(5min) , the 15-minute temperature average value T ave(15min) and the 1-hour temperature average value T ave(1h) , the temperature per unit time of the incinerator furnace is the 1-minute temperature average value, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0120]

[0121] Among them, Median(T 11 , T 12 , T 13 ) is the median of the thermocouple measuring point temperatures at the upper section, and Median(T 21 , T 22 , T 22 ) is the median of the thermocouple measuring point temperatures at the middle section.

[0122] The temperature average value T ave(5min) , is calculated according to the following formula:

[0123]

[0124] The temperature average value T ave(15min) , is calculated according to the following formula:

[0125]

[0126] The temperature average value Tave(1h) , is calculated according to the following formula:

[0127]

[0128] ② Calculate the 5-minute average temperature T of two adjacent incineration furnace chambers ave(5min) The temperature difference T between d , in °C, is calculated according to the formula:

[0129] T d = T ave(5min) '- T ave(5min)

[0130] where T ave(5min) ' is the 5-minute average temperature of the current incineration furnace chamber, and T ave(5min) is the 5-minute average temperature of the previous incineration furnace chamber.

[0131] ③ Calculate the range T 11 、T 12 、T 13 of the temperatures of the 3 thermocouple measurement points in the upper cross-section; the range T 1 of the temperatures of the 3 thermocouple measurement points in the middle cross-section 21 、T 22 、T 23 , in °C, is calculated according to the formula: 2

[0132] T 1 = Max(T 11 ,T 12 ,T 13 ) - Min(T 11 ,T 12 ,T 13 ,T 2

[0133] T 21 = Max(T 22 ,T 23 ,T 21 ) - Min(T 22 ,T 23 ,T 11 )

[0134] where Max(T 12 ,T 13 ,T 11 ) is the maximum value of the temperatures of the 3 thermocouple measurement points in the upper cross-section, and Min(T 12 ,T 13 ,T 21 ) is the minimum value of the temperatures of the 3 thermocouple measurement points in the upper cross-section. Max(T 22 ,T 23 ​​) is the maximum value of the temperatures at 3 thermocouple measurement points in the middle section, Min(T 21 , T 22 , T 23 ) is the minimum value of the temperatures at 3 thermocouple measurement points in the middle section.

[0135] ④ Calculate the 15 - minute average value F of the primary air flow rate of the waste incinerator ave(15min) and the difference F between the 15 - minute average values of the primary air flow rates of two adjacent incinerators d , with the unit of m 3 / h, and calculate F according to the formula d :

[0136] F d = |F ave ' - F ave |

[0137] where F ave ' is the 15 - minute average value of the current primary air flow rate, and F ave is the 15 - minute average value of the previous primary air flow rate.

[0138] The 15 - minute average value F of the primary air flow rate ave(15min) , is calculated according to the following formula:

[0139]

[0140] (3) Judgment of the operating conditions of the waste incinerator

[0141] Set the warning value of the average furnace temperature, where T w1 and T w2 are set according to the national standard "Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration", T w1 takes 850 °C, and T w2 takes 880 °C; using a large amount of monitoring data from municipal solid waste incineration plants, through a decision tree model, obtain the warning value T w3 , T w3 takes 965 °C;

[0142] Set the warning value of the temperature difference T ave(5min) between two adjacent incinerators T d , and calculate it according to the following formula:

[0143] T w4 = T ave(5min) × 0.06;

[0144] Set the warning value T w5 of the temperature range of the section measurement points, and calculate it according to the following formula:

[0145] T w5 = T ave(15min) × 0.15

[0146] Set the warning value F of Fd d(w) , and calculate according to the following formula:

[0147] F d(w) = F ave(15min) ×0.20.

[0148] Judge based on the calculation results obtained above and the warning value, and classify the warning; the specific judgment principles are as follows:

[0149] ① If T 5min < T w1 , it is judged that the furnace temperature does not meet the standard, which is a Class A warning, that is, an over-standard warning; guide the enterprise to ensure that the furnace temperature meets the standard by turning on the auxiliary combustion device, adjusting the operating conditions parameters, etc.;

[0150] ② If T w1 < T 5min < T w2 , it is judged that the 5-minute average value of the furnace temperature is on the low side, and there is a risk that the furnace temperature does not meet the standard. If T ave(h) < T w3 , it is judged that when the hourly average value of the furnace temperature is lower than T w3 , the risk of excessive dioxin-like substances in the flue gas increases, which is a Class B warning, that is, an over-standard hidden danger; guide the waste incineration plant to ensure the compliance and stability of the furnace temperature by turning on the auxiliary combustion device, regulating the air volume, etc.;

[0151] ③ If T d > T w4 and / or T 1 , T 2 Any one of them > T w5 , it is judged that there may be abnormal operating conditions or thermocouples, which is a Class C warning. Guide the waste incineration plant to check for possible problems by checking the incineration conditions or the thermocouple, etc.;

[0152] ④ If F d > F d(w) , it is judged that the fluctuation of the primary air flow of the incinerator is too large, and there may be hidden dangers such as unstable incineration conditions and increased risk of excessive pollutants, which is a Class D warning. Guide the waste incineration plant to check for problems by checking the incineration conditions, regulating the air volume, and paying attention to the pollutant emission concentration, etc., to ensure the stability of the operating conditions.

[0153] Example 2 Operating Diagnosis and Warning System for Incinerators in Domestic Waste Incineration Plants

[0154] The operating diagnosis and warning system for the incinerator includes a data acquisition module, a data calculation and processing module, and a warning judgment module;

[0155] The data acquisition module is used to obtain the temperature T of multiple measuring points on the upper section of the garbage incinerator. 1i and the temperature T of multiple measuring points in the middle section 2i , the air flow rate per unit time of the garbage incinerator, and submit the obtained data to the data processing module;

[0156] The data calculation and processing module is used to calculate and process the submitted relevant data to obtain data for early warning judgment, and the data for early warning judgment includes the average temperature T of the incinerator furnace. ave(5min) , T ave(15min) , T ave(1h) and the average temperature of two adjacent incinerators T ave(5min) The difference between d ; The temperature range T of the i-th measuring point on the upper section 1 The temperature range T of the i-th measuring point in the middle section 2 ; and the difference between the 15-minute averages of two adjacent primary wind flows F d ; and submit it to the early warning judgment module;

[0157] The early warning judgment module is used to obtain the T ave(5min) and T ave(1h) , T d , T 1 and T 2 , F d Compare the value with the warning value to make a warning judgment and set each warning value.

[0158] The warning value of the furnace temperature average is T w1 Take 850℃, T w2 Take 880℃, T w3 Take 965℃;

[0159] Two adjacent incinerators T ave(5min) The temperature difference T d The warning value, T w4 Take 50℃;

[0160] Warning value T of extreme temperature difference at section measuring point w5 , T w5 Take 120℃;

[0161] F d The warning value F d(w) , F d(w) Take 8000m 3 / h;

[0162] The principles for early warning classification and judgment are as follows:

[0163] ①If T 5min <T w1, it is determined that the furnace temperature does not meet the standard, which is a Class A warning; the enterprise can be guided to ensure that the furnace temperature meets the standard by turning on the auxiliary combustion device, adjusting the operating conditions parameters, etc.;

[0164] ② If T w1 <T 5min <T w2 , it is determined that the average value of the furnace temperature in 5 minutes is low and / or if T h <T w3 , it is determined that the risk of excessive dioxins in the flue gas increases, which is a Class B warning, that is, the hidden danger of exceeding the standard; the waste incineration plant can be guided to ensure the compliance and stability of the furnace temperature by turning on the auxiliary combustion device, regulating the air volume, etc.;

[0165] ③ If T d >T w4 and / or T 1 、T 2 in any one value > T w5 , it is determined that there may be an abnormality in the operating conditions or the thermocouple, which is a Class C warning. The waste incineration plant can be guided to check for possible problems by checking the incineration conditions or the thermocouple;

[0166] ④ If F d >F d(w) , it is determined that the fluctuation of the primary air flow rate of the incinerator is too large, which is a Class D warning. The waste incineration plant can be guided to check for problems by checking the incineration conditions, regulating the air volume, and paying attention to the pollutant emission concentration, etc., to ensure the stability of the operating conditions.

[0167] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: Obtain the temperatures T of multiple measurement points on the upper cross-section of the incinerator 1i and the temperatures T of multiple measurement points on the middle cross-section 2i , calculate the temperature of the incinerator per unit time and the average temperature T within the time Δt ave(Δt) as well as the temperature difference T between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt) ; the range T of the temperatures of the measurement points on the upper cross-section d and the range T of the temperatures of the measurement points on the middle cross-section 1 ; the average temperature T 2 , including T ave(Δt) , T ave(Δt1) , and T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , where Δt 1 <Δt 2 <Δt 3 ; the temperature difference T d is the temperature difference between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt1) ; the temperature of the incinerator per unit time is the average temperature T per minute ave(1min) , and the average temperature T ave(Δt) is calculated according to the following formula: Obtain the primary air flow rate per unit time of the incinerator and calculate the average value F of the primary air flow rate within the time Δt'. ave(Δt′) and the absolute value F of the difference between the average values F of two adjacent primary air flow rates ave(Δt′) ; the primary air flow rate per unit time is the average value F of the primary air flow rate per minute d , and the average value F of the primary air flow rate ave(1min) is calculated according to the following formula: ave(Δt′) ​ Compare and judge the data obtained from the above calculations with the corresponding warning values respectively, and classify the warnings; the specific judgment principles are as follows: ① If T ave(Δt1) < T w1 , it is a Class A warning, that is, an over-standard warning; ② If T w1 < T ave(Δt1) < T w2 and / or T ave(Δt3) < T w3 , it is a Class B early warning, that is, an over-standard hidden danger; the T w1 , T w2 and T w3 increase in sequence, where T w3 is obtained through decision tree model analysis based on the historical monitoring data of the waste incineration plant; ③ If T d > T w4 and / or T 1 、T 2 any one value > T w5 , it is a Class C warning, that is, a device failure is prompted; the T w4 、T w5 are calculated according to the following formula: T w4 = T ave(Δt1) × 0.06; T w5 = T ave(Δt2) × 0.15; ④ If F d > F d(w) , it is a Class D warning, that is, it indicates that the corresponding automatic monitoring data exceeds or does not reach a certain threshold range; the F d(w) is calculated according to the following formula: F d(w) = F ave(Δt′) × 0.

20.

2. The method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one-minute average temperature T ave(1min) , is calculated according to the following formula: where Median(T 11 , T 12 ..., T 1i ) is the median of the temperatures of i measuring points in the upper cross-section, and Median(T 21 , T 22 ..., T 2i ) is the median of the temperatures of i measuring points in the middle cross-section.

3. The method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The average temperature T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , in sequence are T ave(5min) , T ave(15min) and T ave(1h) ; the temperature warning values of the said T w1 , T w2 and T w3 are 850 °C, 880 °C and 965 °C in sequence.

4. The method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the time Δt′ is 15 min.

5. A system for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant, characterized in that, it includes a data acquisition module, a data calculation and processing module, and a warning judgment module; The data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperatures T of multiple measurement points on the upper cross-section of the incinerator 1i and the temperatures T of multiple measurement points on the middle cross-section 2i as well as the primary air flow rate per unit time of the incinerator, and submit the acquired data to the data processing module; The data calculation and processing module calculates according to the method described in Claim 1 based on the measured point temperature data submitted and received, and obtains the temperature of the incinerator per unit time, the average temperature T of the incinerator within different time intervals Δt, ave(Δt) and the temperature difference T ave(Δt) between two adjacent average temperatures T d ; the range T 1 of the measured point temperatures at the upper cross-section and the range T 2 of the measured point temperatures at the middle cross-section; the average temperature T ave(Δt) includes T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , where Δt 1 < Δt 2 < Δt 3 ; the temperature difference T d is the temperature difference between two adjacent average temperatures T ave(Δt1) . According to the primary air flow rate received per unit time of the submission, calculate the average value F of the primary air flow rate within the time Δt′ obtained by the method described in claim 1 ave(Δt′) and the average value F of the primary air flow rate between two adjacent ones ave(Δt′) The absolute value F of the difference between them d , and submit the calculation result to the early warning judgment module; The warning judgment module compares and judges and classifies according to the calculation result and the corresponding warning value, and the specific judgment principles are as follows: ①During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T ave(Δt1) <T w1 , it is a Class A warning, that is, an over-standard warning; ②During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T w1 <T ave(Δt1) <T w2 and / or T ave(Δt3) <T w3 , it is a Class B early warning, that is, a hidden danger of exceeding the standard; the temperature early warning values of the said T w1 , T w2 and T w3 increase in sequence; ③During the normal operation of the incinerator, if T d >T w4 and / or T 1 、T 2 any one value of >T w5 , it is a Class C warning, that is, a device failure is prompted; the T w4 and T w5 are calculated according to the following formula: T w4 = T ave(Δt1) × 0.06; T w5 = T ave(Δt2) × 0.15; ④During the normal operation of the incinerator, if F d >F d(w) , it is a Class D early warning, which means that the corresponding automatic monitoring data exceeds or does not reach a certain threshold range. The F d(w) is calculated according to the following formula: F d(w) = F ave(Δt′) × 0.20 6. The system for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant according to claim 5, characterized in that, The one-minute average temperature T ave(1min) , is calculated according to the following formula: where (Median(T 11 , T 12 ..., T 1i ) is the median of the temperatures of the i measuring points in the upper cross-section, and Median(T 21 , T 22 ..., T 2i ) is the median of the temperatures of the i measuring points in the middle cross-section.

7. The method for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The average temperature T ave(Δt1) , T ave(Δt2) and T ave(Δt3) , in sequence are T ave(5min) , T ave(15min) and T ave(1h) ; the temperature warning values of the said T w1 , T w2 and T w3 are 850 °C, 880 °C and 965 °C in sequence.

8. The system for diagnosing the operation of an incinerator in a domestic waste incineration plant according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The mean primary air flow rate F ave(Δt′) is F ave(15min) , and is calculated according to the following formula:

Images