An initial supporting and entering-hole reinforcement structure for large-section subway mined construction

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of subway construction, and specifically relates to a primary support entrance reinforcement structure for large-section hidden excavation construction of a subway; by setting arch feet, an arch top, sliding columns, a bottom plate, rotating rods, screw rods, driving bevel gears and driven bevel gears; after the installation grooves of the arch feet are excavated, the bottom plate is placed inside the installation grooves, and an electric wrench is used to rotate the rotating rods, driving the driving bevel gears to rotate, driving the driven bevel gears meshing therewith to rotate, driving the screw rods to rotate, driving the sliding columns to slide out of the sliding grooves, pushing the bottom plate to squeeze the bottom surface of the installation grooves, pushing the arch feet to rise, after adjusting the heights of the two side arch feet to the same height, the arch top is installed on the top ends of the arch feet, and then the sliding columns are driven to lift the arch feet, so that the top surface of the arch top is squeezed into contact with the top surface of the tunnel; thereby reducing the difficulty for construction workers to adjust the height of the arch feet, and then accelerating the progress of tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of subway construction, and more specifically, it is an initial support and reinforcement structure for large-section mined tunneling at the entrance of a subway tunnel. Background Technique

[0002] The mined tunneling method means that the ground is not excavated, and the construction is carried out by digging holes underground. Although the shallow-buried mined tunneling method for urban tunnels and underground engineering construction technology has been relatively mature, due to the uncertainty of engineering hydrogeological conditions and the complexity of the construction environment, there are still many construction risks during the construction of shallow-buried mined tunneling underground projects, and many risk accidents have also occurred. Therefore, during the mined tunneling construction process, it is necessary to support the top surface of the tunnel to ensure construction safety.

[0003] A Chinese patent with the publication number CN110566237B discloses an initial support and reinforcement structure for large-section mined tunneling at the entrance of a subway interval parking line, including the initial support of the cross-section arranged in the cross-passage, the initial support of the cross-passage arranged at the bottom surface of the cross-passage; the temporary inverted arch of the air duct arranged in the middle of the cross-passage, the frame beam arranged on the outer contour of the range of the portal of the main line of the interval, and the single-tunnel double-track large section and single-tunnel single-track standard section arranged in the frame beam; the frame beam is a "door"-shaped structure, and the frame beam is connected to the side wall of the cross-passage; adding a "door"-shaped frame beam to the outer contour of the portal range can enable the smooth conversion of the force system at the portal of the main line of the interval and transfer the load to the frame beam, effectively ensuring construction safety.

[0004] When supporting and reinforcing the tunnel, it is necessary to excavate the installation grooves for the arch feet on both sides of the ground of the tunnel. However, due to the different excavation depths of the installation grooves for the arch feet, it is necessary to add steel plates or concrete pads at the bottom of the arch feet to ensure that the heights of the arch feet are the same, and the heights of the arch feet are adjusted through steel plates or concrete pads, which greatly increases the workload of construction workers and affects the progress of tunnel construction.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an initial support and reinforcement structure for large-section mined tunneling at the entrance of a subway tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve at least one of the technical problems proposed in the background technique.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A primary support entrance reinforcement structure for large-section underground excavation construction of a subway according to the present invention includes arch feet, an arch top, sliding columns, a bottom plate, rotating rods, screw rods, driving bevel gears, and driven bevel gears; the top end of the arch feet is fixedly connected to the arch top, the lower end of the arch feet is provided with a chute, the top of the chute is provided with an inner cavity, the top surface of the inner cavity is rotatably installed with a screw rod, the screw rod rotatably penetrates the top wall of the chute, the outer circle of the top of the screw rod is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear, the side wall of the inner cavity is rotatably installed with a rotating rod, one end of the rotating rod close to the inner cavity is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear, the other end of the rotating rod away from the driving bevel gear is provided with a hexagonal head, the inside of the chute is slidably installed with a sliding column, the top of the sliding column is provided with a threaded hole, the inner circle of the threaded hole is in threaded cooperation with the outer circle of the screw rod, and the bottom surface of the sliding column is fixedly connected with a bottom plate; during operation, when the installation groove of the arch feet is excavated, the bottom plate is placed into the installation groove, and an electric wrench is used to rotate the rotating rod, driving the driving bevel gear to rotate, driving the meshing driven bevel gear to rotate, driving the screw rod to rotate, driving the sliding column to slide out of the chute, pushing the bottom plate to squeeze the bottom surface of the installation groove, pushing the arch feet to rise, adjusting the heights of the two sides of the arch feet to the same height, then installing the arch top on the top end of the arch feet, and then driving the sliding column to lift the arch feet so that the top surface of the arch top squeezes and contacts the top surface of the tunnel; thus reducing the difficulty for construction workers to adjust the height of the arch feet, and then accelerating the progress of tunnel construction.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of through grooves are provided on both sides of the chute, a plurality of fixing grooves are provided on both sides of the sliding column, and fixing pins are slidably installed between the through grooves and the fixing grooves; during operation, when the top surface of the arch top squeezes and contacts the top surface of the tunnel, the through grooves and the fixing grooves are aligned and communicated, and the fixing pins are inserted into the through grooves and the fixing grooves to connect and fix the sliding column and the arch feet, thereby reducing the probability of the sliding column accidentally sliding into the chute, and then improving the support strength of the arch feet for the arch top and the support stability of the tunnel.

[0009] Preferably, grooves are provided in the middle of the top surface and the bottom surface of the through groove, rubber convex pads are fixedly connected to the top surface and the top surface of one end of the fixing pin close to the tail, and the outer circle of the rubber convex pad is slidably matched with the inner wall of the groove; during operation, after the fixing pin passes through the through groove, the rubber convex pad slides into the groove, causing the rubber convex pad to reset and snap into the groove, making a pause connection between the fixing pin and the through groove, thereby facilitating the construction workers to install the fixing pin in place, and at the same time, reducing the probability of accidental detachment of the fixing pin.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of sliding holes are formed in the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixing groove. A slider is slidably installed inside the sliding hole. A first spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the sliding hole. Circular grooves are formed in the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixing pin near the head end. The slider is slidably engaged with the circular groove. During operation, after the fixing pin slides into the fixing groove, the first spring resets and pushes the slider out of the sliding hole, and the slider is pushed into the circular groove, so as to perform a pause connection between the fixing pin and the fixing groove, further reducing the probability of accidental detachment of the fixing pin.

[0011] Preferably, inserts are fixedly connected to both sides of the top surface of the sliding column. A sliding rod is slidably installed in the middle of the insert. A positioning block is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod close to the side wall of the sliding groove. A plurality of second springs are fixedly connected between the positioning block and the insert. The end of the positioning block is slidably engaged with the through groove. During operation, when the sliding column slides out of the sliding groove downward, the second spring pushes the positioning block to contact the inner wall of the sliding groove. When the positioning block slides to the through groove, the positioning block slides into the through groove, generating a pause feeling. At this time, the through groove is aligned and communicated with the fixing groove, so as to facilitate the construction personnel to accurately install the fixing pin.

[0012] Preferably, a rubber ring seat is fixedly connected to the outer circle of the lower end of the arch foot. The inner circle of the rubber ring seat is slidably engaged with the outer circle of the sliding column. During operation, when the reinforcement structure is disassembled, the sliding column slides into the sliding groove, and the inner wall of the rubber ring seat slides with the outer wall of the sliding column, pushing off the gravel and dust attached to the surface of the sliding column, thereby improving the cleanliness of the surface of the sliding column, and then improving the smoothness of the sliding column sliding into the sliding groove.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of inclined steel sheets are fixedly connected to the inner circle of the rubber ring seat. The plurality of inclined steel sheets are distributed in a staggered manner. The cutting edge of the inclined steel sheet is slidably engaged with the outer circle of the sliding column. During operation, when the sliding column slides into the sliding groove, the cutting edge of the inclined steel sheet fits and slides along the outer wall of the sliding column, cleaning the cement and other firm substances adhered to the outer wall of the sliding column, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the surface of the sliding column.

[0014] Preferably, a pair of rubber diaphragms are fixedly connected to one end of the through groove close to the inside of the sliding groove. The end faces of the two rubber diaphragms are attached to each other. During operation, when the sliding column slides out of the sliding groove, the outside air enters the sliding groove through the through groove, and the air pushes the rubber diaphragm to bend towards the inside of the sliding groove. When the sliding column stops sliding, the rubber diaphragm resets to seal the through groove, blocking the outside dust from entering the sliding groove, improving the cleanliness of the inside of the sliding groove. When the sliding column retracts into the sliding groove, the space inside the sliding groove is reduced, and the air inside the sliding groove is discharged from the gap between the sliding column and the sliding groove from below. When the air is discharged at high speed, the airflow brings out the dust between the sliding column and the sliding groove, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the inside of the sliding groove.

[0015] Preferably, ventilation grooves are provided at the top of the rubber ring seat and the lower end of the arch foot. The top end of the ventilation groove communicates with the inside of the sliding groove. A plurality of ventilation holes are provided at the bottom of the rubber ring seat. The top end of the ventilation hole communicates with the lower end of the ventilation groove. The lower end of the ventilation hole penetrates through the inner wall of the rubber ring seat. The ventilation holes and the inclined steel sheets are alternately distributed. During operation, after air passes through the ventilation groove, it is discharged from the ventilation holes, and the airflow blows off the cement gravel hung by the inclined steel sheets, improving the cleaning degree of the inclined steel sheets, thereby improving the dust cleaning effect of the inclined steel sheets.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. For the initial support entrance reinforcement structure for large-section mined-underground construction of the subway described in the present invention, by providing arch feet, arch crowns, sliding columns, bottom plates, rotating rods, screw rods, driving bevel gears and driven bevel gears; when the installation groove of the arch feet is excavated, the bottom plate is placed inside the installation groove, and an electric wrench is used to rotate the rotating rod, driving the driving bevel gear to rotate, driving the driven bevel gear meshing with it to rotate, driving the screw rod to rotate, driving the sliding column to slide out from the inside of the sliding groove, pushing the bottom plate to squeeze the bottom surface of the installation groove, pushing the arch feet to rise. After adjusting the heights of the two side arch feet to the same height, the arch crown is installed on the top of the arch feet, and then the sliding column is driven to lift the arch feet, so that the top surface of the arch crown is squeezed into contact with the top surface of the tunnel; thus reducing the difficulty for construction workers to adjust the height of the arch feet, and then accelerating the progress of tunnel construction.

[0018] 2. For the initial support entrance reinforcement structure for large-section mined-underground construction of the subway described in the present invention, by providing fixing pins; when the top surface of the arch crown is squeezed into contact with the top surface of the tunnel, the through groove and the fixing groove are aligned and communicated, and the fixing pins are inserted into the through groove and the fixing groove to connect and fix the sliding column and the arch feet, thereby reducing the probability of the sliding column accidentally sliding into the inside of the sliding groove, and then improving the support strength of the arch feet for the arch crown and the support stability of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is the front view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is the bottom sectional view of the arch feet of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the partial enlarged view at A in

[0024] Figure 5 is Figure 3 the partial enlarged view at B in

[0025] Figure 6 is Figure 4 The partial enlarged view at position C in

[0026] Figure 7 is Figure 4 The partial enlarged view at position D in

[0027] Figure 8 It is the bottom structure diagram of the arch foot in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1. Arch foot; 2. Arch top; 3. Slide column; 4. Bottom plate; 5. Rotating rod; 6. Screw rod; 7. Driving bevel gear; 8. Driven bevel gear; 9. Chute; 10. Inner cavity; 11. Threaded hole; 12. Through groove; 13. Fixed groove; 14. Fixed pin; 15. Groove; 16. Rubber convex pad; 17. Slide hole; 18. Slide block; 19. First spring; 20. Round groove; 21. Insert block; 22. Slide rod; 23. Positioning block; 24. Second spring; 25. Rubber ring seat; 26. Oblique steel sheet; 27. Rubber diaphragm; 28. Ventilation groove; 29. Ventilation hole; 30. Hanging ear; 31. Cable stayed cable. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] Such as Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, a primary support and entrance reinforcement structure for large-section underground excavation construction of a subway in an embodiment of the present invention includes an arch foot 1, an arch crown 2, a sliding column 3, a bottom plate 4, a rotating rod 5, a screw rod 6, a driving bevel gear 7, and a driven bevel gear 8; the top end of the arch foot 1 is fixedly connected to the arch crown 2, a chute 9 is opened at the low end of the arch foot 1, a cavity 10 is opened at the top end of the chute 9, a screw rod 6 is rotatably installed on the top surface of the cavity 10, the screw rod 6 rotatably penetrates through the top wall of the chute 9, a driven bevel gear 8 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the top of the screw rod 6, a rotating rod 5 is rotatably installed on the side wall of the cavity 10, a driving bevel gear 7 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating rod 5 close to the cavity 10, the driving bevel gear 7 meshes with the driven bevel gear 8, a hexagonal head is arranged at the end of the rotating rod 5 away from the driving bevel gear 7, a sliding column 3 is slidably installed inside the chute 9, a threaded hole 11 is opened at the top end of the sliding column 3, the inner ring of the threaded hole 11 is in threaded cooperation with the outer ring of the screw rod 6, and the bottom surface of the sliding column 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 4; during operation, after the installation groove of the arch foot 1 is excavated, the bottom plate 4 is placed inside the installation groove, an electric wrench is used to rotate the rotating rod 5 to drive the driving bevel gear 7 to rotate, drive the meshing driven bevel gear 8 to rotate, drive the screw rod 6 to rotate, drive the sliding column 3 to slide out from inside the chute 9, push the bottom plate 4 to press against the bottom surface of the installation groove, push the arch foot 1 to rise, adjust the heights of the two arch feet 1 to the same height, then install the arch crown 2 on the top end of the arch foot 1, and then drive the sliding column 3 to lift the arch foot 1 so that the top surface of the arch crown 2 presses against and contacts the top surface of the tunnel; thereby reducing the difficulty for construction workers to adjust the height of the arch foot 1, and then accelerating the progress of tunnel construction.

[0032] As Figures 3 to 4 shown, a plurality of through grooves 12 are opened on both sides of the chute 9, a plurality of fixing grooves 13 are opened on both sides of the sliding column 3, and fixing pins 14 are slidably installed between the through grooves 12 and the fixing grooves 13; during operation, after the top surface of the arch crown 2 presses against and contacts the top surface of the tunnel, the through grooves 12 and the fixing grooves 13 are aligned and communicated, the fixing pins 14 are inserted into the through grooves 12 and the fixing grooves 13 to connect and fix the sliding column 3 and the arch foot 1, thereby reducing the probability of the sliding column 3 accidentally sliding into the chute 9, and then improving the support strength of the arch foot 1 for the arch crown 2 and the support stability of the tunnel.

[0033] As Figure 4As shown, grooves 15 are provided in the middle of the top surface and the bottom surface of the through groove 12. Rubber pads 16 are fixedly connected to the top surface and the top surface near the tail end of the fixing pin 14. The outer ring of the rubber pad 16 is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the groove 15. During operation, after the fixing pin 14 passes through the through groove 12, the rubber pad 16 slides into the interior of the groove 15, causing the rubber pad 16 to reset and snap into the interior of the groove 15, making a pause connection between the fixing pin 14 and the through groove 12. This facilitates the installer to install the fixing pin 14 in place. At the same time, the probability of accidental detachment of the fixing pin 14 is reduced.

[0034] As Figure 4 and Figure 7 shown, a plurality of sliding holes 17 are provided in the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixing groove 13. A slider 18 is slidably installed in the sliding hole 17. A first spring 19 is fixedly connected between the slider 18 and the sliding hole 17. Circular grooves 20 are provided in the top surface and the bottom surface near the head end of the fixing pin 14. The slider 18 is in sliding fit with the circular groove 20. During operation, after the fixing pin 14 slides into the interior of the fixing groove 13, the first spring 19 resets and pushes the slider 18 out of the sliding hole 17, pushing the slider 18 into the interior of the circular groove 20, making a pause connection between the fixing pin 14 and the fixing groove 13, further reducing the probability of accidental detachment of the fixing pin 14.

[0035] As Figure 4 shown, on both sides of the top surface of the sliding column 3, inserts 21 are fixedly connected. A sliding rod 22 is slidably installed in the middle of the insert 21. A positioning block 23 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod 22 close to the side wall of the sliding groove 9. A plurality of second springs 24 are fixedly connected between the positioning block 23 and the insert 21. The end of the positioning block 23 is in sliding fit with the through groove 12. During operation, when the sliding column 3 slides out of the sliding groove 9 downward, the second spring 24 pushes the positioning block 23 to contact the inner wall of the sliding groove 9. When the positioning block 23 slides to the through groove 12, the positioning block 23 slides into the interior of the through groove 12, generating a sense of pause. At this time, the through groove 12 is aligned and communicated with the fixing groove 13, facilitating the installer to accurately install the fixing pin 14.

[0036] As Figure 5 shown, a rubber ring seat 25 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the lower end of the arch foot 1. The inner ring of the rubber ring seat 25 is in sliding fit with the outer ring of the sliding column 3. During operation, when disassembling the reinforcement structure, the sliding column 3 slides into the interior of the sliding groove 9, and the inner wall of the rubber ring seat 25 slides with the outer wall of the sliding column 3, pushing off the gravel and dust attached to the surface of the sliding column 3, thereby improving the cleanliness of the surface of the sliding column 3 and then improving the smoothness of the sliding column 3 sliding into the interior of the sliding groove 9.

[0037] As Figure 5As shown, a plurality of inclined steel sheets 26 are fixedly connected to the inner ring of the rubber ring seat 25. The plurality of inclined steel sheets 26 are staggered. The cutting edges of the inclined steel sheets 26 are in sliding fit with the outer circumference of the sliding column 3. During operation, the sliding column 3 slides into the inside of the sliding groove 9, so that the cutting edges of the inclined steel sheets 26 fit and slide along the outer wall of the sliding column 3, and firmly adhered substances such as cement on the outer wall of the sliding column 3 are cleaned, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the surface of the sliding column 3.

[0038] As Figure 6 shown, a pair of rubber diaphragms 27 are fixedly connected to one end of the through groove 12 close to the inside of the sliding groove 9. The end faces of the rubber diaphragms 27 on both sides are in contact with each other. During operation, when the sliding column 3 slides out of the inside of the sliding groove 9, the outside air enters the inside of the sliding groove 9 through the through groove 12, and the air pushes the rubber diaphragm 27 to bend towards the inside of the sliding groove 9. When the sliding column 3 stops sliding, the rubber diaphragm 27 resets to seal the through groove 12 and prevent outside dust from entering the inside of the sliding groove 9, improving the cleanliness of the inside of the sliding groove 9. When the sliding column 3 retracts into the inside of the sliding groove 9, the space inside the sliding groove 9 is reduced, and the air inside the sliding groove 9 is discharged from the gap between the sliding column 3 and the sliding groove 9 from below. When the air is discharged at high speed, the airflow blows out the dust between the sliding column 3 and the sliding groove 9, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the inside of the sliding groove 9.

[0039] As Figure 5 shown, ventilation grooves 28 are provided at the top of the rubber ring seat 25 and the low end of the arch foot 1. The top end of the ventilation groove 28 communicates with the inside of the sliding groove 9. A plurality of ventilation holes 29 are provided at the bottom of the rubber ring seat 25. The top end of the ventilation hole 29 communicates with the low end of the ventilation groove 28. The low end of the ventilation hole 29 penetrates the inner wall of the rubber ring seat 25. The ventilation holes 29 and the inclined steel sheets 26 are alternately distributed. During operation, after the air passes through the ventilation groove 28, it is discharged from the ventilation holes 29, and the airflow blows off the cement and gravel scraped by the inclined steel sheets 26, improving the cleanliness of the inclined steel sheets 26, thereby improving the dust cleaning effect of the inclined steel sheets 26.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] As Figure 8 shown, compared with Embodiment 1, another implementation manner of the present invention is that hanging ears 30 are fixedly connected to both sides of the low end of the arch foot 1 and both sides of the top surface of the bottom plate 4. The inclined cables 31 are bolted between the hanging ears 30 on the same side. By providing the inclined cables 31, the arch foot 1 and the bottom plate 4 are fixedly connected, thereby further improving the vertical support strength of the arch foot 1.

[0042] During operation: after the installation groove of the arch foot 1 is excavated, the bottom plate 4 is placed inside the installation groove, and the electric wrench is used to rotate the rotating rod 5, which drives the driving bevel gear 7 to rotate, drives the driven bevel gear 8 engaged therewith to rotate, drives the screw rod 6 to rotate, drives the sliding column 3 to slide out of the inside of the sliding groove 9, pushes the bottom plate 4 to squeeze the bottom surface of the installation groove, pushes the arch foot 1 to rise, and adjusts the height of the arch foot 1 on both sides to the same height; then install the arch top 2 to the top of the arch foot 1, and use the electric wrench to rotate the rotating rod 5. The rod 5 drives the screw rod 6 to rotate, pushing the slide post 3 to slide out of the inside of the slide slot 9, pushing the bottom plate 4 to squeeze the bottom surface of the installation slot, and pushing the arch foot 1 to rise, so that the top surface of the arch top 2 is squeezed and contacts the top surface of the tunnel; at the same time, when the slide post 3 slides down out of the slide slot 9, the second spring 24 pushes the positioning block 23 to contact the inner wall of the slide slot 9, and when the positioning block 23 slides to the through slot 12, the positioning block 23 slides into the inside of the through slot 12, generating a pause feeling, at which time the through slot 12 is aligned and connected with the fixing slot 13; The outside air enters the interior of the slide groove 9 through the through groove 12, and the air pushes the rubber diaphragm 27 to bend toward the interior of the slide groove 9; when the slide column 3 stops sliding, the rubber diaphragm 27 resets to seal the through groove 12, preventing external dust from entering the interior of the slide groove 9, thereby improving the cleanliness of the interior of the slide groove 9; the through groove 12 is aligned and connected with the fixing groove 13, and the fixing pin 14 is inserted into the interior of the through groove 12 and the fixing groove 13, and the rubber convex pad 16 slides into the interior of the groove 15, so that the rubber convex pad 16 is reset and snapped into the interior of the groove 15, and the fixing pin 14 is paused and connected with the through groove 12. At the same time, after the fixing pin 14 slides into the interior of the fixing groove 13, the No. 1 spring 19 resets and pushes the slider 18 to slide out of the sliding hole 17, and pushes the slider 18 to snap into the interior of the circular groove 20, so that the fixing pin 14 is paused and connected with the fixing groove 13, thereby reducing the probability of the slide column 3 accidentally sliding into the interior of the slide groove 9, thereby improving the supporting strength of the arch foot 1 to the arch top 2, and improving the supporting stability of the tunnel;

[0043] When the tunnel construction is completed, the reinforcement structure needs to be dismantled; use an electric wrench to rotate the rotating rod 5 to slide the sliding column 3 into the interior of the sliding groove 9, the inner wall of the rubber ring seat 25 slides with the outer wall of the sliding column 3 to push off the gravel and dust attached to the surface of the sliding column 3, and the blade of the inclined steel sheet 26 slides against the outer wall of the sliding column 3 to clean up the cement and other solid objects stuck to the outer wall of the sliding column 3; at the same time, when the sliding column 3 is retracted into the interior of the sliding groove 9, the space inside the sliding groove 9 is reduced, and the air inside the sliding groove 9 is discharged from the gap between the sliding column 3 and the sliding groove 9 from below, and the air passes through the ventilation groove 28 and is discharged from the ventilation hole 29, and the air flow blows off the cement and gravel hung on the inclined steel sheet 26, thereby improving the cleanliness of the inclined steel sheet 26 and the dust cleaning effect of the inclined steel sheet 26; thereby improving the cleanliness of the surface of the sliding column 3, and then improving the smoothness of the sliding column 3 sliding into the interior of the sliding groove 9.

[0044] The above-mentioned front, back, left, right, top and bottom are all based on the figures in the specification. Figure 1Based on [a certain reference], taking the perspective of the person observing as the standard, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An initial support and reinforcement structure for entering a large-section subway mined tunnel, characterized in that: It includes springer feet (1), crown (2), sliding columns (3), bottom plate (4), rotating rods (5), screw rods (6), driving bevel gears (7) and driven bevel gears (8); the top end of the springer feet (1) is fixedly connected with the crown (2), the lower end of the springer feet (1) is provided with a chute (9), the top end of the chute (9) is provided with an inner cavity (10), the top surface of the inner cavity (10) is rotatably installed with a screw rod (6), the screw rod (6) rotatably penetrates through the top wall of the chute (9), the outer ring of the top of the screw rod (6) is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear (8), the side wall of the inner cavity (10) is rotatably installed with a rotating rod (5), one end of the rotating rod (5) close to the inner cavity (10) is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear (7), the driving bevel gear (7) meshes with the driven bevel gear (8), the end of the rotating rod (5) away from the driving bevel gear (7) is provided with a hexagonal head, the sliding column (3) is slidably installed inside the chute (9), the top end of the sliding column (3) is provided with a threaded hole (11), the inner ring of the threaded hole (11) is in threaded cooperation with the outer ring of the screw rod (6), and the bottom surface of the sliding column (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (4); A plurality of through grooves (12) are opened on both sides of the chute (9), a plurality of fixing grooves (13) are opened on both sides of the sliding column (3), and fixing pins (14) are slidably installed between the through grooves (12) and the fixing grooves (13); On both sides of the top surface of the sliding column (3), inlays (21) are fixedly connected, a sliding rod (22) is slidably installed in the middle of the inlay (21), one end of the sliding rod (22) close to the side wall of the chute (9) is fixedly connected with a positioning block (23), a plurality of second springs (24) are fixedly connected between the positioning block (23) and the inlay (21), and the end of the positioning block (23) is in sliding cooperation with the through groove (12); A rubber ring seat (25) is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the lower end of the springer feet (1), and the inner ring of the rubber ring seat (25) is in sliding cooperation with the outer ring of the sliding column (3); A plurality of inclined steel sheets (26) are fixedly connected to the inner ring of the rubber ring seat (25), the plurality of inclined steel sheets (26) are distributed in a staggered manner, and the cutting edges of the inclined steel sheets (26) are in sliding cooperation with the outer ring of the sliding column (3).

2. The initial support and reinforcement structure for the large-section mined tunneling of the subway according to claim 1, wherein: Grooves (15) are opened in the middle of the top surface and the bottom surface of the through groove (12), rubber convex pads (16) are fixedly connected to the top surface and the top surface of the end of the fixing pin (14) close to the tail, and the outer ring of the rubber convex pad (16) is in sliding cooperation with the inner wall of the groove (15).

3. The initial support entrance reinforcement structure for large-section underground excavation construction of subway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of sliding holes (17) are opened on the top surface and the bottom surface of the fixing groove (13), sliders (18) are slidably installed inside the sliding holes (17), first springs (19) are fixedly connected between the sliders (18) and the sliding holes (17), circular grooves (20) are opened on the top surface and the bottom surface of the end of the fixing pin (14) close to the head, and the sliders (18) are in sliding cooperation with the circular grooves (20).

4. The initial support and entry reinforcement structure for large-section underground excavation construction of a subway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of rubber diaphragms (27) are fixedly connected to one end of the through groove (12) close to the inside of the chute (9), and the end faces of the rubber diaphragms (27) on both sides are in contact with each other.

5. The initial support and entry reinforcement structure for large-section subway excavation by hidden excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ventilation groove (28) is provided at the top of the rubber ring seat (25) and the low end of the arch foot (1). The top end of the ventilation groove (28) communicates with the inside of the sliding groove (9). A plurality of ventilation holes (29) are provided at the bottom of the rubber ring seat (25). The top end of the ventilation hole (29) communicates with the low end of the ventilation groove (28). The low end of the ventilation hole (29) penetrates through the inner wall of the rubber ring seat (25). The ventilation holes (29) and the inclined steel sheets (26) are alternately distributed.

6. The initial support and entry reinforcement structure for large-section subway mined construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Hanging ears (30) are fixedly connected to both sides of the low end of the arch foot (1) and both sides of the top surface of the bottom plate (4). A stay cable (31) is bolted between the hanging ears (30) on the same side.

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